Ancient Celts: Anglo-Saxon Invasion of Britain DOCUMENTARY

[@KingsandGenerals]

In Humankind you can add Celts to your unique civilization. Humankind is a very fun game, get it here: store.humankind.game? Our series on the Ancient Celts is now done, but there will be a series on the Medieval Celts in the future and we will release a fleshed out feature-length episode on the Ancient Celts in the next few months

[@knowledgedesk1653]

Thanks for the video.

[@footballfan5462]

I am 10 percent Anglo Saxon

[@impostor101]

Man how long is that pacific war i cant wait to watch how the US points by points score by score teritory to teritory knock the japanese from the pacific

[@TheNeptunePisces83]

About you make a documentary on King Cnut

[@شعراءقبيلةمذحج]

Search for the Kingdom of Sheba Or the kingdom of Himyar who ruled the Arabian Peninsula before Islam

[@LeoWarrior14]

Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain as Germanic, Thor-worshipping pagan warriors, and then Christianized. Only to be invaded three centuries later, by Germanic, Thor-worshipping pagan warriors.

[@ZubiForce]

So as to have a chance to amend their errors and embrace the true gods.

[@johnbest4513]

What's your point here?

[@DaVultureTTG]

@@johnbest4513 karma be funny 😂

[@SplendidFactor]

@@johnbest4513 I think his point is that cultural change and assimilation happens. His other point might be that it's sort of poetic, and that History rhymes.

[@matthiasbindl7085]

@@ZubiForce who then were preceded to be beaten by the christian King Alfred the great and then crushed by his ancestors

[@adspur]

This how England became Germanic.Between the Celts,Romans,Germanic Tribes,Vikings,and lastly the Normans you have modern English.What a history indeed!

[@SuzBans1990]

@@glitchyikes how ?

[@damouno]

Also African Nubians as Roman Slaves in Ancient Briton. Many British have black African Genes..Harharharr

[@POLITICUS-DANICUS]

@@damouno No.

[@damouno]

YES ! Admittedly a minute amount but it is there hehe

[@jgrovess5378]

@@glitchyikes what a load of bs

[@mambwemwanza1095]

The history of Britain is one of the most complex fascinating histories I have ever heard. Not many people realise just how complex it is and how that complexity plays into how Britain is governed today

[@bethbartlett5692]

Apparently England was hit with a series of invasive waves, some were aggressive, some were accepted, beginning with the Romans, and they (Romans) were Germanics whom pushed into Italy, next the Vikings, Norsemen, both Germanics, followed by the Jutes, Angles, Saxons, Normans, all Germanics. The English had been, like the Irish and Welsh, largely of "Basque" lineage. But ... What you will notice is that the "Mainstream Academics" will use "early Hunter Gathers, followed by Farmers", they refer to the Basque as an isolated group, because they speak a language that has never been influenced by "Germanic" and they are a separate line, Rh(-), and their History literally states "We are from Atlantica", (the "Mainstream Academics" deem that myth, I deem the Mainstream Stories largely Myth, but that's a separate subject, I will make a statement at the end.) *Thus, the original English in Britain were originally Basque whom had DNA added from various immigrants, and at some point, likely after the Romans, Vikings, and Norsemen, and probably during the Angles and Saxon waves, the following took place:* (At some point during this era, *the English DNA was affected leaving the following:. Maternal DNA as expected , a continuum with Anglo-Saxon/Germanic influence, others as expected, and *the Paternal/Male DNA was "reduced to less than 2%",* this indicates that all Males, Adult, Adolescent, Children, and Babies, we're removed, aka an "Ethnic Cleansing", which can only mean they were sold into slavery or they were eradicated/killed.)* On this point I find it obvious in the absence of information that someone, removed all written records 9n the subject, the "Mainstream Academics" mention it and make lightly of it, but never elaborate on what happened and when. Now, the British and the Germans are anal about Record Keeping, thus I can only expect that the Royal Family had the records expunged, likely during WWI, when they changed their name to *"Windsor from Saxe Coburg Gotha".* This is my suspicion, so don't quote it as fact, but time will reveal the facts. DNA studies show the era and other details, but I haven't been able to get access to it, I'm thinking it would be an "in person + University Credentials + a particular Gov Authorization" required to get the information. It will eventually get put on the Internet. I am amazed at the lack of interest by the British Public, or they may not know anything about the actual %. I'm not British, but I am Irish of Basque origin, my lineage is from Counties Kerry and Cork, and I was born in the USA, Chicago. ___________________________ "Mainstream Academia particularly Archaeologists" use "a 19th Century Theory based Paradigm and Linear Timeline". This stands in opposition to the Standards of "Science and Research" which forbids using a Theory as Fact. Many 9f them behave quite Dogmatic about the subject. The entire subject is most unsettling, as my degrees involved a great deal 9f emphasis on Research, and my Advisor, PhD and Head of the Department of Sociology was most adamant about the *"Standards of Science and Research"* (Sociologists are the Research hounds, the entire subject is always centered around research, studies, statistics, and data. We are the go to experts that Marketing, Advertising, and other Sciences employ when they want Accurate Data and Findings. My degrees are in Sociology, History, and Journalism, obviously I've done a few hours in Libraries, Classrooms, and on-line, searching. "Authentic Academics" follow the "Standards of Science and Research" and a strict "Code of Ethics". This subject to will find resolution, due to the works in Genetic/DNA Studies and Quantum Physics, Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Mechanics. Findings already exist to sufficiently set aside the "Theory, relative to Modern Humans", it just hasn't been discussed inview 9f the Public. (We need a Free Press) But you can book on it, it will set aside the "Darwinian Model for Modern Humans" and the "All Out of Africa Theory" as well. Both are 8naccurate. You can Quote me on that. Beth Sociologist/Behavioralist Historian

[@sangralknight3031]

And from Britain, the modern world at large. The smallest island and least among all peoples, became the seat of one of the largest empire's the world has ever known, an empire that was not conquered, but managed to end more or less on its own terms, forming one of, still, the most prolific and advanced cultures to ever exist. The sun of the English speaking world is undoubtedly setting these days, but what cannot be denied is the impact on humanity this one tiny island had.

[@jostnaleman3738]

There's nothing complex about it, the majority of Britain history is about war, greed and rape It has been always like that until England started doing the same thing to other countries

[@vibratamania]

@@bethbartlett5692 super interesting but wasn’t Britain once connected to Europe through Dogger Bank? I’d imagine there’s a possibility there are people left from those times?

[@Heatwave9000]

It's all meaningless now that mass immigration has happened from all continents to britain.

[@GHST995]

"Your ancestors shed their blood conquering this land, one day you will have to do the same" - Uhtred son of Uhtred.

[@jbo4547]

Destiny is all

[@lyhthegreat]

@Mr Pete that's what vikings do, they fight among themselves when they have nothing to do

[@johntaylor7029]

Wait till he hears about the Normans, christianized North-men.

[@puneetmishra4726]

@@jbo4547 AAAAAHHHHH EEEEEHHHH AAAAAAAHHHH IIIIIIOOOOOO

[@user-qi6tp1te1y]

@@lyhthegreat Anglo-Saxons aren't Vikings because Viking is a profession not a culture

[@h_kostadinov]

These are the lesser-known chapters of history that this channel excels at!

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

It’s a shame this is lesser known, this is the early origin of the most expansive empire in history

[@johnson8711]

No, the Anglo-Saxon and jute invasion of England is quite popular and important part of British history, it's less written and romanticized about, in comparison to the Danelaw 2 centuries later and the Norman and Norwegian invasions in 1066 though. Mainly because the course of events were migratory instead of epic battles being written about this era.

[@AsadKhan-ii3es]

@@johnson8711 very true n later Norman invasion as well

[@lyhthegreat]

@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 wrong, that title belongs to the mongols which this channels covers on a lot.

[@megacraig97]

@@lyhthegreat British empire was larger than mongol, even in occupied land mass

[@serpentine6171]

I’m Welsh and I love our history, we haven’t had it easy at all, but we are still such a passionate country to our Celtic traditions.

[@TheAlmightyAss]

What traditions are these? Not being confrontational but i'm a south walian myself and I don't see much cultural difference.

[@serpentine6171]

@@TheAlmightyAss Sorry should have used the word heritage.

[@cymro6537]

@@TheAlmightyAss Perhaps you'd be more aware if you'd come from a Welsh speaking background?

[@rfkwouldvebeenaok1008]

@@serpentine6171 kick the Anglo Saxons out, retake Britannia and start speaking latin again you remnant Roman Frankenstein's monster of cultures.

[@simonw1252]

@@rfkwouldvebeenaok1008 That's why the Brits had the largest Empire the world has ever seen. The best of Indo European genius. Latin dead and gone, nobody ever wanted a true return of the Roman Empire after they tasted Germanic ideas of real liberty. It didn't return, and no attempt was made to restore it. It died for good reason.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

I could hear Arthur screaming for Merlin, calmly.

[@firstconsul7286]

ARTHARDIDYOUPUTYOURNAMEINTHEGOBLETOFFIYAH

[@arthurbriand2175]

I could hear Percival and Karadoc training to kill 4 men with dried leaves.

[@wisdomleader85]

I could hear the French farting in Arthur's general direction.

[@keithcalvosa5894]

The kurgon was probably there

[@jake2.035]

You're too early Napoleon!

[@ariyoiansky291]

I'm loving the post-apocalyptic vibe of the dark ages, so damn interesting especially the events that went down in Britain. The audio, visuals, and research is so well done here. I can't express enough how much I appreciate the hard work put in to achieve these results.

[@jonbaxter2254]

From three centuries of peace and decadence, to hovels and invasion

[@nephilimpower1351]

@Jon Baxter If youre tax farming gentiles, sure. The economic decline of the dark ages begins in the 2nd century

[@REEbott86]

I mean the empire that controls the economy in the area being destroyed by barbarians could probably count as at least a small apocalypse.

[@writershard5065]

@@jonbaxter2254 I mean... I'd argue on the peace and decadence part. Peace and decadence only for the roman citizenry, and the few non-romans who were elevated to citizens. For the rest, you're being exploited to serve an Empire who's capital you will never see. It would be like if America occupied Vietnam and turned it into another american state, but didn't give local vietnamese the chance to vote a representative into Congress. The Celts would've been constantly fighting the Romans, so it's no wonder they pulled back.

[@heathenpride7931]

It gets even more post-apocalyptic when you consider the volcanic winter that nearly ended humanity in the 6th century. So many civilizations humbled or obliterated by the handful of years that came after that. It’s also probably the inspiration for Ragnarok in Norse Myth.

[@TheDataman2]

Welshman here, always makes me sad yet proud to see the triumph and struggles of my people. 'Lloegr' (the land that was lost) is still our word for England today. As he says, our story goes on. Glad to see Welsh was the most learned language in the UK during lockdown on Duolingo!

[@MMadesen]

And the number of speakers is rising in Wales. Also Cornish was revived as well amd is spoken by a handfull of people again.

[@darkstarr2321]

Indeed and the English called all the Celts "Welsh" I believe. Either way, you were not strong enough to hold on to the land and it was conquered. In this time period, might is right and has been English for 1600 years now.

[@TheDataman2]

@@AnthonyAfrikaans Ydy ma fe y twpsyn! Do some research mate

[@matthewmoore1616]

@@TheDataman2never knew why the Welsh hated us so much 🤣now I know 🤣

[@billsmith5433]

@@darkstarr2321 The English are losing their land as we speak so dont be so smug.

[@tawgenal]

Love how the britons called the anglo saxons barbaric pagans, and those same barbaric pagans would say the same thing to the danish vikings

[@johna.bishop9314]

Yet the Britons were very much barbaric pagans themselves when the Romans Arrived in Britain & the Roman Empire considered the Celts "Barbarians".

[@JackieWelles]

Basically anyone who is not "you/your people" are barbarians xD

[@Creativethinker12]

No joke. The Anglo-Saxons adopted the word barbarian (probably from the welsh or from reading classical Roman texts) and started using it to mean pagan Danes. For instance, document dated 872 refers to “the very pressing affliction and immense tribute of the barbarians, in the same year when the pagans stayed in London.”

[@kevingutierrez9273]

I'm surprised that England's favourite mythical hero is actually Welsh.

[@td370]

@@johna.bishop9314 the Romans literally considered everyone except them and the Greeks to be barbarians

[@Mr_M_History]

This is definitely like when the best student gets the most interesting topic for their presentation. I love that Kings and Generals is covering the Anglo-Saxons!!

[@mikespearwood3914]

@@-ahmed121 *Germanic NOT German! Even Old English was very different from what the people who eventually became Germans were speaking.

[@jonbaxter2254]

Love me some Arthur

[@Anonymous-qw]

@@-ahmed121 And Latin

[@Alex-jd2yx]

Honestly someone had to do it it’s scattered in library’s alone lol

[@meisterproper8304]

@@mikespearwood3914 well many Saxons stayed on the mainland and got absorbed by the Frankish empire

[@TenggisKhan]

loved the production on this. the depiction of Celtic Britain falling to the jutes, angles and saxons gave a real sense of the horror of a land falling to invading forces, and as an Englishman, an internal conflict that these are in fact my ancestors. but the change of tone and lifted music somewhow gave me a realisation that in fact cultures integrated in with each other a lot more than we think, and all of our shared history is there to see.

[@chrisstucker1813]

Yeah it was more of a migration of Germanic people who integrated with the Britons. Of course some battles would be fought and they were. But even some Anglo-Saxon kings had Brythonic names. I don't think it was as simple as Britons vs Anglo-Saxons, I almost guarantee that Britons fought each other too and many likely fought alongside the Angles, Jutes and Saxons.

[@ZubiForce]

Another one of those videos where script, art, and editing combine beautifully well.

[@jonbaxter2254]

Sub-roman britain has such romantic mysticism to it. I love it

[@gamebrain]

His voice is horrible

[@arthurbriand2175]

Henry the VII used an old prophecy that Celts would take back the throne of England to legitimize his claim amongst his home Welsh lords (this along with the fact that he was the last male to carry the lancastrian claim ). That is why he named his first born Arthur.

[@thomasellis445]

@@swapanzameen6302 He then fucked Cymru over

[@jonbaxter2254]

@@swapanzameen6302 The Tudor Golden Age happened

[@HeroHoundoom]

And then Prince Arthur died leaving Henry VII's other son to be the heir to the throne. That's how good ol' Henry VIII became King of England.

[@arthurbriand2175]

@@HeroHoundoom He was protector of the Church, he would never act irresponsibly.

[@user-qi6tp1te1y]

@@TheAurelianProject Maybe one day we can have a king Arthur just keep naming your kids Arthur

[@MackerelCat]

There is a really interesting old english poem called “the ruin” from the 8th or 9th century which has some interesting reflections on Roman ruins in England. Worth a read.

[@FritsGerlich07]

Fall of Civilizations Podcast made a very interesting episode about it right here on KZbin.

[@MackerelCat]

@@FritsGerlich07 lol yes that’s where I learned about it, excellent channel.

[@darkstarr2321]

@@FritsGerlich07 Link, please? Cant find it

[@sebe2255]

@@gordonbryce Perhaps, but to the average Briton, a Villa like that wouldn’t have been just as much of a dream before and after the fall of Rome

[@ronaldgrove3283]

Believe Beowulf is the oldest surviving Old English tale ?

[@Kaiyanwang82]

*Walhaz is such an interesting word. It's "foreigner" for germanics, but it ended up meaning "Roman" and "(romanized) Celt" in many instances. Welsh are named after this one, but so are the Romance-speakers in Switzerland (Welschland, Welschwiitz), and in Tyrol the germans call italians "Welsch"; Walloons are romance speakers (of a significant, albeit I doubt complete, romano-celtic origin) in Belgium... Rumenians are called Vlachs, and Poles call us Italians "Włochy". I am sure there are many, many others. Even the Walnut plant. Slavs, on their turn, called the germanics "mute ones", but that's another story...

[@kosa9662]

The term Slavs came from word Slowo which means "word" so Slavs or slavonic means people of common tounge. Thats why the first big group of people Slavs do not assimilate where Germanic people in moderb day Germany. In Slavic the word for Germany/Germans is 'Niemcy' which means mute or people who dont understood common tounge ;)

[@awesomemantm2000]

@@kosa9662 In Hungarian too Germany is sill called Németország and Italy is Olaszország (ólah being etymology deriving from the word vlach). Slovenians uses to be called Vend (from Wend which he Germans called Sorbians, Poles etc...) And Slovaks were called Tót. Also Poland is called Lengyelország (I believe this comes from Lechia or some old Polish tribe)

[@Kaiyanwang82]

@@kosa9662 Proto-Slav: "*DZIEN *DOBRY" Proto-Germanic: *stares* Proto-Slav: "These axe-wielding people are obviously very polite, therefore the only plausible conclusion for their lack of verbal response is that they are mute and deaf - also none of my descendants will ever need to verify my inference."

[@dirckthedork-knight1201]

Linquistic are very interasting

[@thomasellis445]

And yet the real name for the ‘Welsh’ is Cymry meaning ‘fellow countryman’. A word Originating from the Far East

[@donallbreathnach9998]

Native Irish Gaelic Speaker here! (Cainteoir Dúchas Gaeilge) yes, proud to say we still exist..and I’t fills me with pride to say that our ancient language, despite all efforts to wipe it out..is still being spoken on this island❤️ The 2 festivals mentioned at 7:45 ar Bealtaine and Samhain, pronounced (Byawl-tena & sawin). The land of the fairies = Tír na nÓg (teer na Nowg) the land of Eternal Youth - a mythical place where everyone stays young. Love this video. Looking forward to hopefully seeing a few videos on ancient Ireland soon:). An amazing period of history. Go raibh maith agaibh!! (Thank you)

[@HAYAOLEONE]

GOD BLESS IRELAND

[@conorlane1]

Maith an fear Dónall! I'm always sympathetic to people struggling with the pronunciations - even after 14 years of Irish education I'm inclined to butcher stuff! :)

[@damouno]

Gaelic is a wonderful language. It be a shame if Celtics languages became extinct. Hope that never happens A 'Celtophile' person :)

[@donallbreathnach9998]

@@steelshanks1265 Fáilte!!!

[@donallbreathnach9998]

@@damouno it would be a great shame ach Ní dóigh liom go tharlóidh sé..I don’t think it’ll happen. The Manx Gaelg language was declared extinct in 1974 but has been revived! There is now a primary school that only teaching children through Manx on the island!! There is always hope for language revival 💚💚

[@Blalack77]

This is one of the subjects I've most wanted a video for. It's so interesting to me that the Anglo-Saxons - who were invaded by the Vikings - were once in a similar position to the Vikings who invaded them... The mixing is so interesting. And it's interesting how all of this led to a lack of record keeping which led to such a mysterious time which allowed legends and myths to arise... So cool all the way around.

[@ronaldgrove3283]

The Angles and Saxons worshiped Wodin and the later Vikings worshiped him but called him Odin ?

[@chrisstucker1813]

Angles and Saxons religion was Anglo-Saxon paganism. The Vikings religion was Norse Paganism. So there was some differences like the naming of some of the gods@@ronaldgrove3283

[@Telenil]

In French, "Bretons" means the people of Brittany, and it is the British whom we call "Britannique". "Bretagne" can mean either Brittany or Britain, because both were the country of the "Bretons". When they wanted to be precise, people would say "Grande Bretagne" - Great Britain. It is funny to think that name 'Armorica' disappeared because of this migration. On the other side of Gaul, 'Belgica' carried on across the centuries and is still recognizable today.

[@johnnypickles5256]

Whilst asterix books exist armorica will never disappear

[@damionkeeling3103]

Armorica also included Normandy, it's not just another name for Brittany.

[@makavelismith]

@@jahirareyes1102 Armorica! FUCK YEAAAUUHHH!!

[@charlietudju8238]

Just a minor correction, at 11:28 you say that Angles, Jutes and Saxons spoke north germanic languages. This is a common mistake but in reality the Saxons, Angles and Jutes (+ the Frisians which were also a major contribution to the anglo-saxon migration) are classified as speaking "ingvaeonic" languages, aka north sea germanic, which is grouped in west germanic and not in north germanic. The Jutes are an interesting bunch, initially they may have spoken a transition dialect between west and north germanic. However, the Jutes in England spoke a dialect mostly related to Frisian. This is not so surprising when you consider that Frisians lived right across the channel in Flanders and the Dutch coast. In fact, many Jutes may have left Jutland around 200 CE when the Danes invaded, going through Angle, Saxon and eventually Frisian territrory before partaking in the conquest of Britain.

[@irTaeke]

And in Fryslân we're still ingvaeonically going strong ! ☺️

[@wowfly6485]

@@irTaeke Same with the speakers of low saxon in North Germany & Nederland :)

[@wolframvoneschenbach1174]

In terms of genetics the Frisians seem to be the largest contributer to modern English compaired to any other group. Of coarse the difference between them and the other germanic groups that arrived at that time is almost non-existant.

[@Normanpitt]

@@wowfly6485 Yes! I am an English person who comes from the Black Country in the West Midlands.We speak the purest form of North Germanic Languages in the country.We were left alone from Norman -French influence because of the Geography very inacsessable.I studied and lived in West Germany on the north sea coast near to Bremerhaven for 12 years and made Friends with people who spoke Platt Deutsch.I agree that Friesans contributed as this is the easiest language to learn as an Englishman

[@Normanpitt]

Further to my reply we have used the Brethonic for place names,seems logical.I lived near an area called Noddy Park Road. Nod is from the Brethonic meaninng a wet or marshy place.the dy meant the definanet article the. Lived near Stonall and we had Lynn House.I have lived in Wales and Know that Lynn is a lake.this appeared after a deluge in the area.Caldmore is a stony outcrop on a bluff.Karma is how it shoud be pronounced in Brethonic

[@tommunyon2874]

As one who was in high school honors history (precursor to advanced placement) more than 50 years ago I appreciate being able to further expand upon what I learned back then. I appreciate the succinct detail presented here.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

11:30 NorthSEA Germanic, I don’t mean to be nit-picky, but that’s a very important linguistic distinction, North Germanic includes only the descendants of Proto and Old Norse. Old English comes from Proto Northsea Germanic, which was a variety of West Germanic, closer to German and Dutch, but with some Norse influences

[@qarmatianwarhorse6028]

Oof :-D

[@henolson416]

I respect the hell out of finding these tiny details, I support this!

[@thefinal9923]

"Uhm, ackshually" he said, pushing the glasses up his nose.

[@tolkiendil4806]

@@thefinal9923 Well, that is a pretty important detail

[@westham2424]

Thank you for pointing this out! 👌

[@frankdecron1306]

Thomas Jefferson proposed that one side of the seal of the United States have Hengist and Horsa saying: “the Saxon chiefs from whom we claim the honor of being descended, and whose political principles and form of government we assumed.” The beauty of history is how deeply it is intertwined, sometimes we forget that it was a series of related steps that leads to now-even as obvious as it seems.

[@jonbaxter2254]

I imagine Hengest and Horsa laughing in heaven knowing they're still being talked about thousands of years later

[@drsgme69]

Now western civilisation is dead it doesn't matter

[@HeroHoundoom]

The US President is elected through a democratic process, the Anglo-Saxons were not democratic by any means! They had a monarchical system of governance, so I don't know what Jefferson was on about there.

[@HeroHoundoom]

@@drsgme69 Yes, exaggerate some more why don't you?

[@LucidWanderer]

@@HeroHoundoom The problem is you only see our unique system of governance and forget there is a people behind it that made all of this work, for us it's about understanding who we are and where we come from, we American's did not spring from the grass of the earth- We came from England, from Germany and Scandinavia, later on Celts and Latins would be allowed in but America is in its truest essence a Germanic Nation.

[@DireTribble]

As someone with both Celtic and Saxon ancestry this was very interesting to watch. I’ve been lately learning more about the past of England to try and make sense of it all. What a fascinating history.

[@nomadicheadspace5334]

I just found out I’m 22% England & Northwestern Europe very confusing lol

[@Captain_tame]

Let me guess - you’re both American?

[@nomadicheadspace5334]

@@Captain_tame American isn’t a nationality

[@sprucegoose568]

@@Captain_tame Is that a problem?

[@Captain_tame]

@@sprucegoose568 not at all mate - I love the yanks. It just tends to be Americans who describe themselves as 22% *something* - just seems foreign to the rest of the world! No malice intended ✌️

[@SilentEmpires]

"The greatest mistake the Celts ever made was to rough up a young and upcoming Rome" Grandad

[@jonbaxter2254]

Rome: and I took that personally

[@pedrosabino8751]

True

[@illyrian9976]

Or not doing their job correctly and destroying rome completly

[@jonbaxter2254]

@@illyrian9976 They sacked the city completley. They didn't know they would rise again

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

@@illyrian9976 that means they weren't as bad as Romans I guess. Carthage was, slaughtered, burned, raised to the ground and salted!

[@danieljohnson9949]

Kings and Generals has quickly made it to my favorite youtube channel this year, the daily and quality content is astounding

[@AlteredState1123]

The Celts continue to be some of my favorite people to study in history. I would love to time travel and see what their culture was like in Central Europe. We have a cd of Celtic lullabies in our collection. The Welsh songs are truly entrancing. I am also very fond of the flowing lines of what I believe is Celtic influenced art.

[@alexsorensen3607]

What CD is it? I am curious now. Would love to share those songs with my children

[@georgelindley6752]

Lot of Frisians came over too in large numbers. They are often overlooked and lumped in with the Anglo-Saxons but much of the Midlands were settled by them.

[@22fordfx49]

I was wondering why they wouldn't come over as well. The Saxon part of the germanic coastline is small compared to the frisian or dutch. I thought maybe the Dutch were too nice lol

[@georgelindley6752]

@@22fordfx49 Frisians still exist. Do not call them Dutch. They fought for centuries to maintain their identity. They are part of the Anglo-Saxon, Jutish group.

[@GL-iv4rw]

@@stephenchappell7512 prompts me to wonder were the Angles and Frisii ever one before diverging and joining with the Saxons and Jutes

[@georgelindley6752]

@@AnthonyAfrikaans Dutch citizens but they are recognized as a seperate ethnic group.

[@georgelindley6752]

Frisians are still around. Most live in Holland but a few live in Germany. There are still a half million of them.

[@DanHearsVoices]

The whole Cornish language thing now makes so much sense. These little facts and suggestions are why I appreciate this channel so much.

[@rialobran]

Marth yw genev, oll an gwella. Kernow bys vycken

[@jonbaxter2254]

Cornwall's whole history is just going their own way

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire]

@@rialobran we love to bicker, but Devon loves you really

[@rialobran]

@@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire Remember we're both wrong....the scone comes first...

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire]

@@rialobran ah but is it scone or scone

[@ResoRonnie]

Thank you so very much. I'm a 53 year old Latino living in Los Angeles who finds the history of that region of the Earth fascinating. I have watched many videos helping understand the history and all the changes that lead up to modern day England your video by far is the best video in explaining the history of that part of the our planet. Wow, that was so awesome. I finally understand, not being sarcastic really. I'm sure it's a bit more complicated than that but what a perfect way to explaining it to some one with very little knowledge.

[@anirbanmandal694]

It seems that you guys will leave no chapter of Roman and early modern age untouched...and it's a great thing for us

[@sirjabal]

The ships going to the north of Spain have reminded me of strange names in Spanish Celtic mythology: Breogan, the sons of Mil, Bretoña (Lugo), Brigantia, Maelog / Mailoc, Bishop Mailoc of Britonia, etc. After the Goths there was no more memory.

[@malleableconcrete]

It goes the opposite way too, in Gaelic traditions it was maintained that the Gaels came to Ireland from Northern Spain.

[@hirdbarding3399]

@@malleableconcrete I guess locals in Cantabria were not very welcoming xD so they turned back

[@lightfootpathfinder8218]

"Brigantia" is very interesting as the predominant Celtic British tribe in what is now northern England was the "Brigantes" .... Also the Britons are supposed to be descended from the Basque people of northern Spain

[@johnpatrick5307]

@@malleableconcrete They didn't - the Gaels came from Gaul. Irish DNA is North European.

[@johnpatrick5307]

Its the British who are connected to Spain - Anatolian farmers re-colonised Britain, about 1000BC.

[@firescorched954]

I am from wales and i had no idea lloyger meant lost land, we just use it as the name for England.

[@thomasdavid7364]

It doesn't mean that

[@chrisstucker1813]

the word wales also means 'foreigner' believe it or not.

[@Conorp77]

'Fight bravely, and defend your lives...you are on your own now.' - Emperor Honorius to the peoples of Britain (410AD)

[@jonbaxter2254]

Fighting Goths, brb...

[@cambs0181]

If the last one of you alive could please switch off the lights!

[@theliato3809]

The history of these kinds of migrations which lead to the foundations of our modern nations is such a fascinating subjext

[@jonbaxter2254]

Even the country name comes from it: England - Angle Land - Land of the Angles

[@bittu2507]

true

[@constantinethecataphract5949]

Notices the similarities between that migration and the current migrations in Europe. Hope in the future there wont be muslim arabo-european people calling me foreigner in my native land

[@constantinethecataphract5949]

@Jack Gallagher thats even worse

[@Robynrrrr]

​​@@constantinethecataphract5949don't worry, Islam is naturally chaotic (hence the moon in their symbol) their empires don't last a lot.

[@jordanadams7856]

That is one hell of a send off for the Celts. You guys always show respect and the best side of the cultures you review.

[@andyk7185]

A send off? Where are they going? 😊

[@Cumbrianlad3363]

Not really a send off. We're still here although we're definitely not thriving

[@danielconde13]

That one migration here to the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula created a settlement and later a bishopric that was called Britonia, and there's still today a town named Bretoña there. Largest river here, that serves as frontier between Portugal and Spain in its last stretch, and called _Minho_ (PT) _Miño_ (ES), comes from the celtic _Mino_ , meaning "soft". Two of its tributaries are called _Deva_ , from the celtic goddess _Dewa_ . Although we cannot atribute the origin of the bagpipe to the Celts with certainty (there are bagpipes from Morocco to Turkey as well), fact is that there's a strong bagpipe tradition in the ancient Gallaecia, with varieties as _Minhota_ and _Trasmontana/Mirandesa_ in Portugal, and _Galega_ , _Sanabresa/Alistana_ in Spain.

[@nikobellic570]

There aren't enough documentaries about Celts in Spain and Portugal on KZbin. It's fascinating that their culture still exists

[@your.dark.lord.]

Northwestern

[@danielconde13]

@@your.dark.lord. absolutelly right, my mistake - since I'm from Trás-os-Montes, I'm used to say Northeastern (Portugal), hence the error.

[@RS__7]

​@@nikobellic570 It's pretty simple all Celts are the descendants of Japheths eldest son Gomer in the Bible.. Gomerites were the first people up into Europe

[@nalcoh]

Could you do an in-depth description of the history of old Ireland? As an Irishman myself, a video in this style about this era would be super interesting.

[@cjraymond8827]

How many people are working on these videos to have such a diverse array of histories on such different cultures? I am a classics major and your videos on Rome are fantastic. And accurate. So I watch the one on other subjects, too. It must take a lot of work to put these together!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! At this point around 30.

[@ShuajoX]

Britons: You have freed us! Anglo-Saxons: Oh, I wouldn't say "freed". More like, "under new management".

[@Sonny-m1f]

I'd say most assimilated.

[@komnoms4359]

Interestingly, Emrys (Welsh for Ambrosius) is one of the names of Merlin, part of whose name seems to have been inspired by Ambrosius Aurelianus!

[@irenejohnston6802]

See the books The Crystal Cave, The Hollow Hills, The Last Enchantment. Trilogy. A young boy, (Merlin), son of Welsh princess but unknown father. Court held in old Roman estate, looked down on by the Ruler. Keeps his ear to the ground/low profile. Kidnapped taken to Brittany. Meets A. Aurelianus in his camp. (His father). The crystal cave gives him the sight. Glimpses of the old ones (the romano/britons) hiding in the hills. By Mary Stewart,Author who draws on many sources woven together. I read them 45 yrs ago gets 90%+ reviews. Realism n spirituality. Igraine, Arthur, Uther Pendragon. Morgana.

[@mon_moi]

indeed some legends ascribe Merlin's prediction of Vortigern's fall to Ambrosius. I suppose the figure of Merlin is a composite of the Welsh Myrrdin and Ambrosius Aurelianus. Fascinating stuff

[@AidanC850]

I just love British history. So violent yet so interesting seeing all these cultures overtime coming together to form a new identity and how isolation created another.. It's also interesting when looking back at my family tree.. my 2x Great Grandma's last name was Hatt which is the oldest old English surname around coming from the Anglo Saxons. Another Ancestral surname being Osborne which comes from the Norse when it was Ásbjörn. Pocock which comes from the Anglo Saxons.. Evans coming from the Welsh Slayford coming from the Anglo Saxons when it was Sliowe-forda. Squire which came from the Norman's... It gives you more of an insight of your family story

[@gwennblei]

Thank you for yet another wonderful video :)

[@BreninBoncyn]

That’s a great overview, bravo! A tip for pronouncing Welsh words: the stress is always on the penultimate syllable. So Gododdin is “Goh-DOÐ-in”, where the dd (Ð/ð/“eth”) is pronounced like the “th” in the English words “they” and “weather”. And if there’s only one syllable, like Hen in Yr Hen Ogledd, it’s often stressed, so “HAIRN” rather than “hen”. Looking forward to your future videos!

[@Pablito003]

Cornwell in his Arthurian trilogy is an author who makes this perfect description of this Roman Celtic society, mixed and in the process of long decay of what was once the Roman Empire and the final remnants of a civilization that would be swallowed up in wars.

[@theemissary1433]

Though I am a Roman fan boy, I will always be impressed with the Anglo-Saxons. I mean, their Sutton-Hoo helmets look so badass!

[@Johnny-Thunder]

I am a bit of a Germanic fanboy, but Scipio Africanus? What a guy!

[@Changdao1644]

Agreed. The whole Sutton Hoo regalia (helmet, sword and shield) is awesome. It has a really nice aesthethic

[@chrisstucker1813]

Interestingly, if you look at late Roman fashion, some of it actually looks quite Germanic and similar to some of the early Anglo-Saxon fashion. What a fascinating period.

[@sisyphean_myth7696]

As a native Welsh speaker I can tell you Lloegr is still the modern name for England in Welsh. The word for an English person is Sais (singular) or Season (plural) literally meaning Saxon. Despite England's attempts to crush our culture and erase our language for centuries there is still 900,000 speakers of Cymraeg (Welsh) in Cymru (Wales) alone.

[@Slo-ryde]

Preserve your roots !

[@mrtrollnator123]

That's awesome! Greetings from England, preserve your culture the best you can!

[@kamranismayilzade3789]

This is indeed amazing to see cultural diversity and how history can be read through it. Don't keep hostile outlooks, or thoughts, or vibes about anyone in modern days, and get in touch, but always preserve your heritage! 🙏

[@colonelturmeric558]

Why saxon though? Most of england has the same dna as you.. this myth that english people are somehow entirely different and foreign is baseless, look into it and you’ll soon see how much wales was lied to to keep it hating the english

[@tjohnsonabraham]

Thanks!

[@langskeppet9887]

I’m a Swede, in love with this era of history, from the fall of Rome to the Vendel era up here north. I would be super happy seeing the Vendel era being covered or maybe. Legendary battle, such as Bråvalla or Sigurd Ringhs fights against the Curonians or the Swedo-Geatic wars!

[@jonbaxter2254]

they could do one on the Geats next. Beowulf hype when?

[@langskeppet9887]

@@jonbaxter2254 yes I agree with you 100%, the Vendel era holds so much Swedish history that no one really cares about sadly

[@jonbaxter2254]

@Marko Milivojević Rust Yeah, they did paint their sheilds black to scare enemies.

[@gregkosinski2303]

It’s crazy that Swedes did so many manly things snd not it’s a make feminist country

[@langskeppet9887]

@@gregkosinski2303 femo-muslim*

[@Pertinax69]

A really interesting recent book (2019) on this subject is 'The Emergence of the English' by Susan Oostheuzen. She challenges the traditional historical narrative that the anglo-saxons invaded England by force, creating the English people . She suggests that because Gildas is so incredibly unreliable, he's almost useless as a source. Instead, she points out the archaeological and language evidence indicate that there was no large scale invasion, and that in fact life continued along familiar lines in the centuries after the Romans leaving Britain (e.g. there is no re-mapping of fields, which typically happens when a new culture or group takes over an area). The 'saxon' elements that start to enter Britain from the 5th century onwards are more likely to have arrived as a result of trade, small-scale immigration or 'fashion' (i.e. saxon-style pottery and names being seen as fashionable).

[@adventussaxonum448]

Not what the genetic studies suggest. Also, it's strange that a few immigrants could completely dominate the linguistic development of the future area of England.

[@Pertinax69]

​@@adventussaxonum448 Although some genetic studies report that intermarriage only began in the 9th century - leaving a very difficult to explain 300 year or so period where Saxons and Britons were supposedly living side by side, but not having genetucally traceable relationships. Genetic work on 5th and 6th century cemeteries also show they are largely full of people who were born and grew up locally, and foreign-born bodies in these cemeteries come from all over europe. The language question is the weakest part of the book though - she suggests that low latin was likely more prevalent in Lowland Britain than previously thought (evidenced by place names), and that multi-lingualism can help to explain how Old English spread so fast.

[@mbulelozulu7963]

@@Pertinax69 my thinking is that the coming of Germanic tribes was as mercenaries. we know that the Germans were already serving Rome as soldiers so they would have been familiar with Britain They might also have started as pirates who had left their lands because of poor harvests All of the above factors might have just come together to make a perfect storm once a strong state ( Rome) could not keep them out

[@Pertinax69]

@@mbulelozulu7963 I agree, for sure there was a mercenary element with germanic provincial troops. There's a section of Gildas where he talks about Saxon troops 'coming into our homes', but its been suggested that the latin here actually refers to 'billeting' of troops - i.e. gildas was upset that Roman provincial troops were being billeted in private homes in Britain.

[@mbulelozulu7963]

@@Pertinax69 are there any home grown reasons ( push factors ) which must have forced these Germanic tribes to leave their homes i.e. invasion from other tribes or poor harvest?

[@darthsidious6753]

The Anglo-Saxons did achieve dominance in the areas they conquered but their strength of authority and influence varied.

[@bornassassin2111]

I had just started playing as the Celts in Total War Attila a few days ago,great timing Kings and Generals!

[@maxion5109]

happy framerates

[@WitcherGerd]

Which clan are u playing as

[@bornassassin2111]

@@WitcherGerd Children of the Night (Picts)

[@KaiObelisk]

Leave the sixth century welshman alone, it's kind of crazy to think how widespread the Celts used to be and that those of us in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, Brittany and the Isle of Man are the last of the Celts. Still, we made it to the modern era and a lot of peoples and cultures didn't so I figure we did well.

[@johna.bishop9314]

The Celts once inhabited mainland Europe too even once inhabiting what is now Turkey. The Irish,Scots,Cornwall,Brittany aren't the last of the Celts that is a myth, The English despite being Germanic in language,culture are still Celtic in regards to genetics.

[@thespudcat]

@@johna.bishop9314 Not that they will admit that…..

[@jaydenbecker9740]

@@johna.bishop9314 You can't possibly determine whether an English person is more Celitic or Germanic because the only identifiable difference between the two is culture and language. Celts and Germans aren't a separate genetic group.

[@larrymays4244]

@@jaydenbecker9740 what about somebody of the Italic ethnicity descending from north central Italy?

[@drsgme69]

Sadly most of western Europe is dying now, rip

[@RubyDoobieScoo]

I've always found it weird that the English associate themselves with King Arthur despite the fact that his myth revolves around him trying to stop the English from invading.

[@Bushpig_]

We don't really, it is just a myth that has gained popularity during the victorian period. If it is anyone we look at it is early Germanic kings and then later with Alfred and then the kings in the high middle ages.

[@Swift-mr5zi]

@@stephenchappell7512 He used the myth of Authur personally for his own use in order to put down confidence of a Welsh hero rescuing them from the English. He basically stole it for personal gain.

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire]

Depends on what you class as English. To me the Celts are my people, far more than the saxons

[@GL-iv4rw]

Insular Celts are the real British

[@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire]

@@stephenchappell7512 Longshanks was a brutal genius. It's small wonder that he served as the inspiration for Tywin Lannister. He once terrified one of his servants so badly that he suffered a heart attack and died

[@coffee5981]

This was a masterpiece. Thanks for covering such a challenging and scant historical period, this was very well researched and produced. I learned an awful lot from this.

[@fightingblindly]

Would love a video on each Celtic and Anglo-Saxon kingdom

[@johng7003]

Aside from King Arthurs stories and legends and also his probable real timeline , the period of Sub Roman Britain meaning 5th to 8th century AD is in my opinion one of the most interesting,mysterious and fascinating periods of human history. Celto-Roman cultures with a mix of Celtic,Latin and Abrahamic religions meet,fight or trade with Gemanic ones and also each other.

[@thefaramith8876]

yeah Romano British are really cool.

[@georgejoestarii9469]

John G The Europeans were Japhethites after all.

[@chrisstucker1813]

The sub Roman period is typically from 410-577; 8th century is WAY too late!410 is when the Romans officially withdrew from Britain; 577 is the battle of Deorham where the West Saxons inflicted a devastating defeat on the Britons and claimed the Severn Valley - forever cutting off the Britons of Wales from their fellow Britons in Cornwall and Devon. It’s one of the most important battles in English/Celtic history.

[@TBolivar]

What an excellent analysis, with Linguistic evidence to back it and make it even more clear to the viewer! Well done!

[@benhayes7134]

just a quick side note, the Celtic months of ‘Samhain’ and ‘Bealtaine’ are not pronounced ‘Sam-Hane’ or ‘Bell-Tine’ but rather as ‘Sow-in’ and ‘Byowl-Tin-Ah’. hope this helps :)

[@roryhanley5254]

Was looking for a comment such as this!!

[@HealingBlight]

This narrator literally has and will continue to be tasked to pronounce names from languages alive and dead, from native american to mongolian. Tis not a task to envy and at a certain point I think they probably accept inevitable failure.

[@benhayes7134]

@Roads Were Meant for Journeys Irish never has been and never will be a phonetic language. that’s just the nature of the language and languages in general.

[@ChrisLawton66]

@@alukuhito sounds wrong and silly to those who know the language.

[@ChrisLawton66]

@@alukuhito Billy is your authority here? As opposed to those who still speak this living language? I hope someday you say it like that to someone who speaks the language.

[@batmase]

Thanks

[@efeguller6022]

Im from Turkey And I love these kinds of videos because our education system does not teach us European history they only teach us the Ottoman and Turkish history

[@frankdecron1306]

It is sad because even in the Anglo world we do not learn about this, even though it is the foundation of English culture and language. English ‘history’ starts in 1066, ignoring nearly 500 years of history.

[@lesdodoclips3915]

@@frankdecron1306 either 1066 or the Viking invasions

[@efeguller6022]

@@frankdecron1306 education system is completely fucked up here, im bored of history of muslim turks. I want to hear more about turks of central asia, mongols, vikings, roman empire, franks, anglo saxons and celts. I want to know all of the history of the world but this education system does not teach me any of these

[@Bushpig_]

@@frankdecron1306 No it doesn't schools teach everything in this video and more, don't fall into that "we don't learn it either" stuff.

[@jasonsantos3037]

Where the Turks came from central Asia

[@danielk4859]

Read "The Warlord Chronicles" by Bernard Cornwell. It details the most realistic depiction of Arthur I have ever read in fiction. A fantastic read, and the prequel to "The Saxon Stories".

[@Jtworthy1]

I really wish they would do more videos going in depth about welsh and cornish history because the illustrations they do are great and it's hard to find historical illustrations about the Britons in the early medieval period

[@reginaldinoenchillada3513]

Kings n generals, u guys never do anything that's not high quality.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@Boselaphus]

@@KingsandGenerals Kings n generals, u guys do everything that's high quality.

[@clovebeans713]

Double negatives fry my small brain

[@reginaldinoenchillada3513]

Thanks so much. Kings n generals, u guys never do nothing that ain't of the highest, most discriminating quality. Much respect to the grammar police.

[@Boselaphus]

@@reginaldinoenchillada3513 double negatives lets goo

[@weisthor0815]

the modern flag of kent in england still shows the saxon steed (sachsenross), which is also still on the flag of the state of northrine-westphalia in germany, the ancient home of the saxons (the modern state of saxony has very little to do with the ancient saxons). also the names hengist and horsa both mean horse or pferd in german, whereby hengst (hengist) means stallion.

[@MMadesen]

Its also on the Lower Saxons states flag.

[@hmon07]

You talk about topics that are not so popular, but super interesting and i love that

[@dimble3]

As a mix of both Celtic, Saxon and Scandinavian ancestry this video is fantastic!

[@waynemcauliffe2362]

Bernard Cornwell`s series on Arthur is great and set in these times.Great trilogy that starts with The Winter King.Thanks for this mate it was great.

[@jonbaxter2254]

Warlord Chronicles! So good, they're making a tv show for it too next year

[@waynemcauliffe2362]

@@jonbaxter2254 Cool i`ll be watching.Hope they don`t stuff it

[@jlkh03]

@@jonbaxter2254 Thanks! I just found out from you, will have to check it out

[@medicinerik]

@@waynemcauliffe2362 you better get ready for an african looking Merlin, or an arabic Gwinevere

[@waynemcauliffe2362]

@@medicinerik I`m sure it`s on the cards mate.Cultural misappropriation

[@guillervz]

This is so beautiful. Fantastic animation, historically accurate and super entertaining. Thank you so much!

[@xanfortunato]

Your content quality continues to improve. I've begun to seriously enjoy these sorts of stories over the more strictly battle focused ones (those are still great of course!). Can't wait to see what you make next!

[@Son-of-Tyr]

Strange how the Angles, Saxons, Jutes are seen as a different people than the Vikings. Jutes and Angles come from Denmark. The Saxons come from Northern Germany and literally bordered Angle territory. They worship an earlier form of the Norse Pantheon(which is why I refer to it as Germanic paganism). And they sailed to Britain to raid, trade and settle. They seem to truly be an earlier wave of Vikings.

[@asahelkish5809]

By the time the Danish Vikings had arrived to Britain. The Anglo-Saxons had developed a different culture all together.

[@chrisstucker1813]

Well when the Vikings first invaded Britain, we’d had like 3-4 centuries of Anglo-Saxon culture establishing and flourishing in England. There was an set way of life that was upset by these vicious foreign raiders or “Vikings”. When the Angles, Frisians, Saxons and Jutes invaded Britain, they were simply part of a greater migration of Germanic peoples that engulfed all of Western Europe after the Roman Empire fell. Also, “Viking” was seen as an occupation or lifestyle; they raided and explored new lands in many places - even as far as Africa I believe? Like I said, the aforementioned were more of a migration as opposed to Viking raiding and exploring.

[@mitchdean6024]

You can just see that the territory of the Britons at the end includes basically every strong English accent, really interesting

[@cottagecheese2481]

They have nothing to do with each other

[@mitchdean6024]

@@vincentliang1831 true, just some very distinct one's, idk I'm probably wrong

[@AAA999XYZ]

A very thorough and well produced video on a topic for which I've infrequently found good study material. I am really enjoying your channel lately

[@fraso7331]

A great video again, but there is one mistake: The Anglo-Saxons didn't speak a North Germanic language. The spoke West Germanic dialects. To be precise they spoke Ingvaeonic dialects, which are also called North Sea Germanic. Up to the 10th century people from England and Lower Saxony - like Emperor Otto I. and his wife Eadgitha, sister of King Aethelstan - could understand each other. This could not be the case if in English would have descended by a North Germanic Dialect. Furthermore was their no reason for Angles, Saxons and Jutes to change their language when moving to Britain. The Jutes vanished from history after the Danish invasion of Jutland. The Danes brought their North Germanic dialect with them, why today the Danish language is spoken in the greater part of Jutland. Some Frisians still speak their Ingvaeonic language, but the language of the Saxons in northern Germany became more similar to the German dialects during the middle ages. Today it's somewhere between German, Dutch, Danish and its' Ingvaeonic origins. It differs from village to village and it was supposed, that it did so within the dark ages.

[@360grant]

Small correction: 0:03 Britain AND Ireland were the last bastions of Celtic culture

[@matthewspencer3578]

That is it. These guys are the best history channel on KZbin. They should rename themselves to "Those who humiliate the History Channel"

[@to0c0ol42]

If anyone wants a Story of Arthur actually during the Saxon invasions check out "The Winter King" by Bernard Cornwell. It's got shield walls, cults of Isis and Mithras, and other cool stuff.

[@tyranitararmaldo]

9:34 That Scot is certainly...well-endowed. Clearly the idea they ran into battle naked is true :P

[@jonbaxter2254]

He heard about a dead gorilla far away...

[@ifoughtpiranha]

The amount of short docs you guys have is astounding. You guys work your butts off and I love your content!

[@mentimental]

Loved the episode, looking forward to the rest of this series

[@CaptainTeach1]

Love the videos history battles and wars are so interesting too learn about. Keep up the great works Kings and Generals

[@Rhaenyssupporter]

you don’t understand how badly i wanted a video about this era

[@LazarKG92]

Most suitable candidate for a historical Arthur is a little known figure called Arthwys ap Mor, the king of the Pennines and later Ebrauc (York). He lived in correct period (early 6th century), he had the right name and lineage and he was even present in the region where Goddodin was written but also where some inspirations for Arthurian characters lived, like Letan Luyddoc founder, basis for Lot, father of Gawain, Myrdin Wylt... Lleniauc of Elmet was his brother and likely inspiration for Lancelot while Lleniauc's son Gwallawc was likely inspiration for Galahad and reigned until 590s. Arthuis' grandson was Peredur widely acepted to have been inspiration for Percifal but check this, in genealogies Arthwys' wife was called GYVIR of Ireland. While it is not explicitly stated that Arthwys ap Mor and certain Morryd ap Mor were related, considering the later's son Morfryn was a ruler around Elmet , it is likely father of Arthwys and Morryd was one and the same Mor thus making them brothers. Conflict between Arthur and Mordred might easily have been some squabble between these two brothers. Some identify Camlann with Camboglanna near Hadrian's wall and this would make sense if Artwys and Morryd were northern rulers. Oldest genealogies correctly put certain Pabo post Prydain (father and the pillar of Britain) as uncle (rather than son) of this Arthwys. This mysterious figure could easily have been a nickname for none other than Aurelius Ambrosius, uncle of Arthur in mythology. Further pointing to this is the fact that grandson of this Pabo was none other than Cynan Garwyn, usually identified with AURELIUS Caninus mentioned by Gildas in 5th century following Roman nomenclature. Furthermore most of battles connected with Arthur prior to Badon like battle of Linuis and battle on river Glen can be more easily connected to northern sites. Even going by pure logic it is far more likely that in that period someone living in a major city like Eburacum once vital for Roman Britain would be more interested and invested into the fate of the isle and preservation of it's legacy as Britannia rather than someone from Cornwall an area which was never even romanised or properly integrated. Basically the only argument against Arthwys is the fact he isn't connected with places usually asigned with Arthurian tropes like Tintagel, Sollisbury, Bath, Badbury and so on. But after scratching a bit bellow surface a researcher can see that connections of most of these places to Arthur were made fairly late into the medieval times when Hen Ogledd, the old North was long gone and what remained of lineages of Hen Cole resettled to Wales where they preserved their traditions. Not to mention that Arthwys could have sometimes united in common cause with other Britons and marched from the north for major battles like Badon (though it is likely it also happened further north) Through ancient Welsh ideologies some semblance of the order of events and political landscape of post roman britain can be assembled beyond just broadest strokes. Even if they aren't accurate in their earliest segments they can show how even before Roman legions left with power vacuum being filled by powerfull Romano-British as well as Britonnic and Irish warlords in periferal Provinces like Britannia Prima (Wales and Cornwall) and Britannia Secunda (Northern England), how these then attempted to take Flavia Caesariensis and MAxima Caesariensis but also how situation slowly deteriorated (represented by lands of lineages like that of Hen Coel(Caelius or Agricola), Eudaf Hen (Octavius), Magnus Maximus, Cunedda and of course Vortigern slowly getting split into more parts by each succesive generation) while Saxons, Of this I could write for hours ;). Jutes and Angles kept coming. Still, situation was reversible until at least 550s or so. I think traditional dating of battle of Camlan and the end of Arthur's reign to 537 (mentioned in Annales Cambriae) is particularly interesting considering "worst year in human history" happened just a year prior, dimmed sun, great plague and depopulation could have caused enough upheaval. It was probably what spelled ultimate doom for Britons and post Roman urban culture. 560s sealed the fate of Britons in the south while in the North 580s and 590s were the effective end of the Old North both due to foreign invasion and internal squabbling. It would make Arthur or Arthwys story even more tragic as the last shine of the antiquity before depopulation happened. Furthermore if he is Arthwys then it's all even sadder considering his descendants including Peredur (Percival) and Gwrgi all died in battle of Arthuret where Myrddin (second half of Merlin inspiration) went mad. Even more interestingly through Arthuis's middle son Cunbelin who reigned further in the south around Caer Lerion and his son Cynwid who rulled in Cynwidion this lineage retreated into Wales and are ancestors of Tudors. All in all the name itself is what drew my attention to this Arthwys and I found most of this stuff online. There is also an interesting book about it called The Pennine Dragon, though IMO author starts out nicely but goes way too far. As for Camelot the likeliest inspiration for it must be Camulodunum. It isn't even relevant if Arthwys ever actually controlled it, he could have during some excursion to the south, but it's very hard to prove and more likelier that he didn't. In any case as Arthuis passed into legend as an ideal ruler of united Britain what better capitol for his kingdom could a bard find than a capital of once united Roman Britain which was Camulodunum.

[@lordblenkinsopp1537]

Excellent, a new KoG video to make me forget that my summer holiday is almost over

[@droiddrei]

I've been waiting for this for a long time. Great visuals and commentary.

[@this_is_history]

It's mad how the Anglo-Saxon's called the Celtic Britions 'Waelas' or 'foreigners' in their own homeland. Interestingly, this is were the country of Wales gets it's name from, a land which still retains its Celtic identity and language to this day.

[@johna.bishop9314]

The Anglo-Saxons & their descendants were generally of Celtic blood themselves. The English despite the old Celtic myths of ethnic cleansing by the Anglo-Saxons in England isn't true, The Celtic Britons generally intermarried with the Anglo-Saxons while adopting their language & culture as shown in the genetics of Modern Ethnic English People.

[@thomasdavid7364]

It doesn't mean foreigners in the modern sense of nation-states and immigration, more like French étranger (stranger) ie not one of us

[@michael3088]

@@johna.bishop9314 the germanic tribes in their day weren't wholly germanic even on the continent but what your talking about varies greatly depending on how east/west the genetics are taken

[@willgibbons1733]

This is my kind of history.

[@jonbaxter2254]

England is my city... wait.

[@welshxfusionz]

Being Welsh myself, I'm very keen for any upcoming videos about our struggles against the Saxons and English

[@unstoppabletigertalukan6710]

This part of history makes me happy it happened and sad it ended

[@roverrange3674]

Ah I'm rather glad it ended. Shipping over to England and fighting Celts sounds tiring.

[@jonbaxter2254]

It built the foundations you are literally standing on right now. Embrace it

[@malgusvitiate7002]

Except for the Cornish in southwestern England, the Welsh in Wales, and the Bretons in Brittany. Those three peoples still consider themselves to be Celtic Britons.

[@chickenassasintk]

I personally love how you guys have been improving your story telling skills. Some of your previous videos put me off your channel for a while because they were a bit boring and seemed more about producing as much quantity as possible but now you are producing both quantity and quality witch is what i like to see. I enjoy binge watching your videos on the weekend with a nice drink. NOTICE ME SEMPAI! lol :D

[@AChapstickOrange]

_"I enjoy binge watching your videos on the weekend with a nice drink."_ Are you sure you didn't mean "I enjoy binge drinking on the weekend with watching your nice videos."? :D

[@jon_j__]

Even though I technically knew most of this already, your clear and concise summary helped tie it all together - and, as a result, I feel like I understand the whole topic a lot better. Thank you!

[@hkarmy7526]

Good job :)

[@rafaelspector1320]

Probably my favorite Kings and Generals video, I love this subject so much.

[@georgeprchal3924]

Celts: Thank God those Romans are finally gone. Hey look! It's some boats with some Germans on it! Y'all wait here I'll go see what they want.... 400 Years Later Saxons: Hey look! It's some boats with some Northmen on them! Y'all wait here I'll go see what they want... 200 Years Later Saxons: Hey look! Some boats with some Normans on them...I've gotta bad feeling about this.

[@zuzudernegger9721]

Modern-day English: Hey look! Some boats with some Paxtanis on them...

[@keyos1955]

The Britons were Romans, not Celts

[@EagleBallsey2]

@@keyos1955 they were romanized celts

[@mann536]

Germanic not germans

[@porothashawarma2339]

@@zuzudernegger9721 well it was the English that went looking for them first xD

[@gokukevind]

Looking forward to the next chapter in this series. The syncretism in Ireland is a fascinating topic.

[@mygetaway4950]

I absolutely LOVE how you pronounced the Celtic names.

[@GaMeR11sHoT]

"Yeah I'm mixed race. Half Anglo, half Saxon"

[@dirckthedork-knight1201]

@Menace to Liberal Society There is no "white race" just like how there is no "black race" we are all different a germanic has different genes then a greek and a ugandan has different genes than an ethiopian

[@Davey-Boyd]

Everyone currently in the world is mixed race. Most are even a mix of Hominins. You are all my brothers and sisters, love to you all.

[@GaMeR11sHoT]

@Noah Pritchett In this world you either know who is a Bell Beaker or you are a normal person

[@GaMeR11sHoT]

@@lochnessmonster5149 Guess would've been a Geat too?

[@GaMeR11sHoT]

@@Davey-Boyd Im not mixed race I'm %102 J1

[@beachboy0505]

Brilliant history Brilliant video 📹 Just had a covid -break holiday to Scotland, Glasgow, Edinburgh and the Highlands. Fascinating land and people. Must go to Wales and Ireland. So the origins of some people of France and Spain are from England. Amazing

[@jcoker423]

The Scottish dialect is closer to Anglo-Saxon than SE English dialects.

[@beachboy0505]

@@jcoker423 excellent knowledge 👏

[@jcoker423]

@@beachboy0505 Many Moons ago I knew a few girls studying Fr & German. The Essex girl reckoned her friends from N of England & Scotland were generally better at German than French, and the opposite was true for the Southerners. I reckoned (in those days) it was accent/dialect/words, but listening to the 'History of English' podcast (by an American Kevin Stroud - no relation or financial interest !) I learnt about the Great Vowel Shift which affected the S more than the N. Thank-you for your kind comment, my BS/MS are in Earth Sciences, but I find history & language fascinating.