Galileo and Why He was Really Convicted of Heresy

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In this video:
On October 31, 1992, the Roman Catholic Church admitted it had been wrong to condemn Galileo Galilei for promoting the Copernican astronomical theory. After a 13 year investigation into the persecution of Galileo that led to his official condemnation in 1633, Pope John Paul II rectified a wrong that forced the Italian astronomer and physicist to live the last years of his life in exile, and worse yet, to recant his proven discoveries to save his hide.
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[@TodayIFoundOut]

Now that you know about Galileo's story check out this video and find out about Dr. William Brydon and the Massacre of Elphinstone's Army: kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3mTpGWcfbR7rbM

[@MegaNetty1]

Hello, Gods Creation! Have you taken the time to watch this video? Are Catholics really saved? Watch it and let me know what you think. Thank you! kzbin.info/www/bejne/rJzRhqOfpbJrerc

[@aaraveddie3095]

Instablaster

[@carsonianthegreat4672]

Why are you misrepresenting the history of Galileo?

[@andrewprahst2529]

A few corrections: Galileo did not have conclusive evidence of the heliocentric model when he began teaching it. He was accused of teaching things that were not confirmed. There were many christians of the time who believed in the heliocentric model, but he tried to teach it even after being told to cease and desist. It wasn't until he was under house arrest that he provided sufficient theory.

[@timothyscheidler6365]

Slight correction - he was teaching heliocentrism as a fact, whereas it t had not been proven. He was told not to teach it as a fact, but was allowed to teach it as a theory.

[@andrewprahst2529]

@@timothyscheidler6365 Thanks

[@timothyscheidler6365]

@@andrewprahst2529 you're welcome.

[@CantusTropus]

He still did not provide conclusive evidence even then. The final serious objections to heliocentrism were not answered until the early 1800s, when the creation of more powerful telescopes allowed better evidence to be gathered.

[@HpPmL]

@@CantusTropus you're absolutely right, it was definitely proven in 1838 by Bessel, eventhough there was sufficient observational evidence before that. In itself Heliocentrism as Galileo was teaching it was completely wrong.

[@cernowaingreenman]

And even today, great educated people like Neil DeGrass Tyson continue to propagate the story of how Galileo was a "martyr for Science" standing up against the anti-scientific Church. Kudos to "Today I Found Out" for clearing up the historical aspects of the non-scientific aspects of the conflict between Galileo and the Pope.

[@kintsugikame]

“great educated people like Neil Degrass Tyson” oh man, I had a good laugh at that one 😂

[@marksimons4108]

@@kintsugikame Flatearth banjo on youtube

[@kintsugikame]

@@marksimons4108 why?

[@kintsugikame]

@Gittana-ip2ms Specialization is not the paradigm you think it is. Spending 6+ years and thousands of dollars getting an “advanced” degree like Tyson’s isn’t a display of intelligence, it’s a display of obedience. A lot of people like Tyson who specialize in one area of study tend to be educated far beyond their intelligence. He’s never invented or contributed any real scientific work to his field, apart from revoking Pluto’s planet designation. He’s listed as a “science communicator” - he’s a good performer and he’s good at presentation, he’s good at collecting funds for scientific research (which, granted, is a noble and important part to play) but he’s rarely involved in any actual research and I just wouldn’t call him a “great” or “educated” person. He’s certainly no da Vinci or Einstein. He’s not even a Sagan or a Feynman.

[@Jayvo_Of_Jamrock]

I got here from a Neil degrasse Tyson video. He called Galileo a pompous ass and told about the simplicio story.

[@jmchez]

Galileo was a supremely good debater at arguing for correct scientific analysis (moons around jupiter, spots on the surface of the sun) and, also, supremely good at arguing for completely erroneous scientific analysis (comets were cloudy disturbances in the atmosphere and the tides were caused by the earth sloshing the water as it moved). He said that the moon couldn't pull the water from a distance because that sounded like witchcraft. When other people pointed how wrong his own bad ideas were, he called them idiots and made enemies of them. Not a very diplomatic man that's why no jesuit came to his aid, he had offended most of them. Newton once said, that "tact was the act of making an argument without making enemies" and he was talking about Galileo. Of course, Newton was a total jerk who made enemies of those who couldn't fight back. Leibniz asked for a report from the Royal Society to clear his name after Newton accused him of stealing the idea for the calculus. The President of the Royal society was none other than Newton. When Leibniz died, Newton was quoted as saying, "Ha, hah, hah. I broke his heart". (That's just obscene!) At 86, Newton also said that one of his greatest achievements was dying a virgin; Sheldon Cooper has nothing on Newton in the weird a-hole department. Newton also predicted that the world would end in the year 2060. Watch out! Oh wait, weren't we talking about Galileo?

[@_Gaby_950]

Haha thank you so much for this lol. Both entertaining and informative.

[@marksimons4108]

Does the moon control the tide of the great lakes too?

[@jmchez]

@@marksimons4108 Yes, but because the mass of the water in those lakes is so much smaller than that of the oceans, the Great Lakes tides are about 2 inches, on average. Smaller than the wind-generated waves on the surface, so they are unnoticeable.

[@DarkKnight-em7ue]

Well, many great inventors were a*sholes. 1. Thomas Alva Edison, the greatest a*sholes of them all, he stole patents, etc. 2. Nikola Tesla, he's an a*sholes towards Einstein, he literally mocked the quantum theory. 3. Pythagoras, he literally drowned a follower of his cult, when his follower found out that irrational numbers are real. And many more.

[@jorgeramos597]

Benedetto Castelli told him that if Galileo provided evidence as proof of the Copernican theory they were willing to reinterpret scripture. But Galileo could not comply successfully because his “evidence” was not accurate.

[@jl9062]

Yepp (although I believe it was a letter, rather than a speech to Galileo?) Unfortunately many people still believe the Galileo affair was a conflict between "rational science" vs "evil church who wants to suppress science"

[@alexlandherr]

Galileo: *I didn’t expect the astronomical inquisition...*

[@ATLockhart]

No one does...

[@Sggggggggggg]

Lol

[@ANDI-w3x]

Lol UwU OwO -_-

[@WilliamHostman]

You're missing one key element ... he was a tonsured cleric, and thus subject to canon law. Without that, he wouldn't have been subject to the trial.

[@Psychodegu]

He also went around stating that his works were divine revelations.

[@BlackEpyon]

Common folk were victims of the inquisition as well.

[@WilliamHostman]

BlackEpyon not executed as such. They were, except in a few exceptional cases, executed by the crown, not the church, based upon a second pro-forma, judge trial based upon their church trial confession/conviction. The exceptions mostly involve the papal states, where the distinction was blurred, as the crown was the pope. Two edged sword, that... outside of rome, in Catholic nations, a tonsured cleric, friar, hermit, or monastic was immune to civil law. And non-tonsured were immune to execution by the church save for leading a schism, assaulting a cardinal on church property, or capital crimes in the papal states....

[@douglasclerk2764]

Tonsured? Not apparent in his portraits . . .

[@WilliamHostman]

@@douglasclerk2764 Few non-monastics retained the tonsured hair.

[@jacob_90s]

I remember hearing a while back that another issue Galileo had was that to fully prove his theory would have required a theory of gravity, which itself requires Calculus, both of which were developed after Galileo's death.

[@marksimons4108]

Earth dont move as michelson and morley proved!

[@inisipisTV]

It should be worth noting that Martin Luther's Protestant group and other Reformed church are on the rise, including the 30 year war happening at that time, and much of Galileo's finding seems to agree with Johann Kepler's works, who is an ardent Calvinist, also greatly contributed to Galileo's conviction. The reason most of Galileo's books are published in Holland is because it's supported by the Dutch Reformed Church.

[@lynnmartz8739]

Galileo's time in Rome during his Inquisition was in the home of the ambassador, and when he finally was allowed to return to House Arrest in his own home in Florence he was nearly a broken man. As for being good friends with the Pope, not so much as Galileo apparently thought! And certainly not after his Inquisition!

[@KarasekUS]

+inisipisTV Except Galileo was celebrated by the Church, including audiences with the pope and enjoyed a career teaching at Catholic universities, where the Copernican theory was being taught for 100 years by that time already, while it was Martin Luther who rejected Heliocentrism as contrary to the Scripture and actually burned an effigy of Copernicus at a stake as a heretic. Protestants also persecuted Rheticus, the protestant mathematician who collaborated with Copernicus on improving the mathematical model of the system. They accused him of being a homosexual and ruined his career, he had to relocate from Wittenberg to Krakow. That was one of the reasons the scientific community of the time rejected Galileo's claims - other models were producing better calculations of positions of planets. And BTW, Copernicus was a Catholic cleric, and was persuaded and commissioned to develop the Heliocentric model by four Catholic bishops, including future pope, to whom he later dedicated the manuscript.

[@KarasekUS]

+Lynn Martz Galileo wasn't persecuted because of his views on Heliocentrism, but because he was an asshole, going around and offending people, and alienating his benefactors, including the pope. And the Inquisition bent over backwards to be lenient to Galileo, including stretching the proceedings and revising its decisions in his favor.

[@rhodesianwojak2095]

@@KarasekUS ^^^

[@JohnFDonovan-by1nt]

My understanding is that what also emboldened the Church to go after Galileo is that many of the leading scientists of the times supported the Ptolemaic system and were rather glad Galileo got his comeuppance as he was viewed in that community as being difficult and arrogant. Pope JPII also warned the church never to make theological judgements based on science because by its very investigative nature science does change, quite frequently as the support in some scientist quarters for the Church's decision on Galileo showed.

[@savagefysik9375]

I love your videos, but you should be clear. In that day, there was a HUGE difference between "convicted of heresy" and "convicted of suspicion of heresy." Had he actually been convicted of heresy, he'd never had left the Vatican. In addition, his 'heresy' wasn't the Copernican model itself, but going against (brazenly I might add) a previous Papal order. In addition, 'Two Worlds' was absolutely a rebuke of the Pope. Galileo was a headstrong and overly arrogant person. It's the general historical belief that he knew exactly what he was doing, but believed he had tacit approval from the Pope because of... I kid you not... a likely clerical error from an earlier Papal document concerning an earlier Vatican investigation.

[@alexporter7379]

In many ways Galileo was an asshole, a correct asshole, but an asshole none the less.

[@rhodesianwojak2095]

this

[@Autobotmatt428]

@@alexporter7379 David Bently Hart put it like this when you really look into this event what you find are two very egotistical men butting heads.

[@alexporter7379]

@@Autobotmatt428 Aye, that's as I've heard it as well. Ego was a strong factor in the entire event.

[@_blank-_]

@@alexporter7379 How so?

[@fleskhjertafan93]

Thunderbolt and lightning very very frightening me. Galileo

[@avlisk]

Excellent! Made me laugh.

[@Gamingderpmonglers]

In every video when he says, "Hello, I'm Simon Whistler," I alway reply with a "hello" back.

[@Pimeduseroos]

Thank you Simon for all the great videos. It is a time well spent.

[@AP-yx1mm]

Note that the Church didn't have anything against Copernicus, because at that time it was not that important, it is after the Council of Trent(the catholic answer to lutheran/reformation movement) that they had this knew approach, with Giordano Bruno as first victim...

[@Veellinn]

Yeah, there was a lot of politics involved as well. And politics could very well kill you. I mean, just look at the Thomas Moore.

[@joshduthie3401]

My understanding is that this stuff was critically important for navigation. The old model, while being wrong in it's basic tenant, was actually very detailed and complicated and did predict the planet's movement correctly - while the new theory was critically undeveloped and would have lead to navigation errors and hence deaths.

[@eliasfrp]

Read more about Giordano Bruno, and you might find out that he wasn't so much a scientist, but more a heretic indeed.

[@lynnmartz8739]

While the Council of Trent and the Church's upset over the Reformation/Protestantism movement likely played a big part, if I recall correctly Copernicus had the good sense to not publish until he was about to die. Galileo may have thought his personal relationship with the Pope would give him some leeway. I had not heard that the Pope or anyone else thought that Simplicio could have been interpreted as being the voice for the Pope. Just that with all going on, Galileo went too far in pushing the heliocentric version when the Church had said you can't believe in it.

[@crusaderACR]

Giordano Bruno was a lunatic though? I mean his story is tragic, but it's for ending up killed as a result of untreated mental illness. It's unrelated to Trent and Copernicus. Also which canons in Trent were in any way applicable to astronomy? I don't remember reading anything about that in there.

[@themejin93]

Love you guys, but you may have missed some important points. First, Copernicus was a monk, and his model was held as a possibility though not widely accepted. Second Galileo made most of his arguments using really poor math and, if I recall correctly, tides. It wasn't his view that was the primary issue, but how he got there. Mostly his house arrest was for calling the pope an idiot and not for the heliocentric model, which others at the time held as true/ a possibility.

[@hugehappygrin]

He was being held on the charge of not only calling his peers idiots, but also he frequently plagiarized their work.

[@celluskh6009]

Copernicus was not a monk, and his view was widely accepted despite being banned by the church and being the reason Galileo was imprisoned. The Pope revoked his protection from Galileo because of the perceived slight, rather than imprisoning him specifically for it.

[@themejin93]

Cellus KH I stand corrected on the monk aspect, thanks for that. The banning didn't really take effect, or was even really a concern until the Galileo issue occurred

[@jl9062]

@@celluskh6009 Heliocentrism was NOT accepted by the majority in the early 17th century. Geo-centrism made sense in terms of SCIENCE back then. Heliocentrism was still weak.

[@celluskh6009]

What science? That was half a millenium after the Arabs developed the models that Copernicus popularized in Europe. There's a big difference between people who bother to figure things out, and, as Copernicus put it, "babblers... completely ignorant of [astronomy]"

[@music4ever1981]

According to this, Galileo was "convected" of heresy, instead of being "convicted" of it.

[@MickeyD2012]

Convected? Ow. And you thought being burned on a stake sucked.

[@paultubbs3510]

The Original Gamer Convected made me think convection ovens, typo for the win lol

[@PilsnerGrip]

It reminds me of a video of a devout Catholic that calls the show Atheist experience and argues heavily against the theory of evolution with much conviction, but once he's informed that "by the way the Catholic church accepts evolution now" he immediately responds "oh then I accept it too then" ...

[@DrakoDragonis]

''sheep'', what can I say :)

[@Veellinn]

At least he is consistent is his devotion to church. I mean creationists are really big in USA for some reason, despite that not following catholic church doctrine at all.

[@Veellinn]

Aaah, that explains it. For some reason I thought they identified themselves as such, but it is true I should have taken history more into consideration. What are they anyway? Protestants?

[@andymcl92]

I feel I should point out that this immediate belief in something you don't understand isn't confined to discrete groups within the Church. I don't know the number of times I've had to inform people that a headline along the lines of "Scientists prove that...[insert shocking revelation here]" actually means the opposite of what the journalist reports, or that the "scientists" probably didn't really do their job, and yet many of my Facebook friends just believe it because "a scientist said so" without them even considering peer review (because they don't know how science or clickbait work!).

[@andymcl92]

Correct. Neither does "a devout Catholic" misunderstanding scripture have anything to do with the content of the scripture (or arguably with the scholars interpenetrating it within context, whether geographical, political, historical etc.). But it does have to do with the individual and/or whatever preacher [reporter] they listen to.

[@nenabunena]

galileo was never tortured and was in fact given a nice room with a personal valet during his trial

[@CaptainKent]

Hey Simon, how about a video on "The Metric Conversion Act" of 1975 in the United States. It was an interesting time to live through. I only wish it had worked. :/

[@originalhgc]

Right? In 6th grade we learned the metric system inside-out, in preparation for switching. Then, fizzle.

[@OriginalDonutposse]

I live in the us and decided it’s finally time to just use metric and offer the conversion after saying the metric units. Then, they can see it’s not that hard once you get used to it, and it’s something anyone can do. Seriously, if you can memorize 32, 98.6, 212, you can remember 0=32 16=61 and 37=100 and 100=212.

[@carportchronicles1943]

The only lasting contributions from this act are 2-liter bottles of soda and the way vehicle engine displacement is described.

[@celluskh6009]

The US has always been metric. Feet and pounds and so on are converted from the KMS system. I think Tom Scott has a video on this already. Really, Americans couldn't do things more backwards.

[@greatwolf5372]

originalhgc I don't know where you live but metric is taught in American schools. Most Science problems especially in high school use metric.

[@josephvictory9536]

Fantastic summary of all points. I really enjoy that you went into the underside of the politics and highlighted the often easily forgotten fact that despite his arrest. Galileo was a very faithful catholic. Even showing in the quote the fact that most of modern christianity has developed along the line of self and scriptural inquiry that Galileo had in many ways exemplified. Man i just get more impressed with this channel over time.

[@gerardacronin3095]

Convection is how heat transfers, not how Galileo was CONVICTED.

[@thingsofsuch]

Gerarda Cronin no, that is an oven, radiation is how that shit works ... then convections you we find LARPing at, in the Wonder Woman outfit you ... made ... buy a life now on eBay, just, not mine, it is free for all to mock and enjoy, and hate, and touch tips with. Ggggaaaaaayyyyy much. Naw. Just with my ... own two cacks ..

[@xxXthekevXxx]

Typos are common on this channel. Which is kinda strange, considering how many times they read over their content before publishing it... if they hired me, I’d catch all this shit immediately.

[@trevorclayton2131]

que?

[@Treatsandthreadscom]

lol

[@tomzeman5964]

The wheel in the sky stopped turnin when the fool on the hill saw the world spinnin round

[@Dionysus-senpai]

Convection, noun "the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat." Just thought I'd point this out along with the rest of the comment section.

[@verdatum]

God, I wish more people knew the real story. I was taught the story wrong so many times. You told the story correctly. I still say his dialogue comes off as Galileo being a total dick. That was unwise.

[@alexseguin5245]

The real story isn't much different. Church still looks bad, Galileo was still treated unfairly.

[@readhistory2023]

Taco Pro I take it you made up your mind about the smoking or non smoking seating?

[@Xo-3130]

Alex Seguin Actually given the time he was living in he was actually treated nicely. Keep in mind that this is the late middle ages. Only nobles clergy and Kings had anything resembling human rights and most crimes had serve punishment and in some cases they didn't need much of a excuse to kill or torture you.

[@Edithae]

So basically...he trolled the Pope and got punished for it.

[@dw6528]

The Catholic summation is published online at the Vatican Observatory web-site. In that article they acknowledge the a sun-centered Copernican universe was considered heresy at that time - because it conflicted with their current interpretation of scripture.

[@crusaderACR]

​@@dw6528 Heresy? Is that the word they used? Opposing a Church stance is very different from heresy. The former is a call to humbly try to understand the Church's reasoning and, if unable (due to time or mental faculties), obey regardless. Meanwhile heresy is heresy no matter the time period and it must be of a grave, core matter. If Galileo was condemned as a formal heretic for heliocentrism back then, then all of us are heretics as well. Because what is heresy is unchangeable. But it's not: There's not a single Apostolic letter, Biblical support, Ecumenical canon, or any sort of Papal letter that even suggests that holding Heliocentrism is completely contrary to Christianity. Not even by implication. Zero.

[@dw6528]

@@crusaderACR DW: The word heresy in Latin is "hæresis" - which defined as a school of thought or a philosophical sect. The probably was - the holy interpreters of scripture within the church at that time - would not take it as a compliment - for a common person to suggest or infer they got it wrong.

[@crusaderACR]

@@dw6528 I didn't expect you to reply with the etymology. The meaning changed over time, but the definition held in the Catholic Church is in the Catechism (CCC 2089): "Heresy is the obstinate post-baptismal denial of some truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic faith, or it is likewise an obstinate doubt concerning the same" (fyi the Catechism is published in Latin, this is the English translation) The conditions then are: - Obstinate: You were confronted, offered to debate it, yet remain stubborn. - Post-baptismal: It's only applicable to Christians - Denial: You openly refuse it. What qualifies? "Truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic faith" refers to something specific we call _dogma._ This includes the Trinity, the Incarnation, the Sacrifice of the Mass, etc. They must be 1. straight from Scripture, or be a necessary consequence of it and 2. declared as such in Council or by the Pope (in limited scenarios). Whatever "holy interpreters of scripture of the time" say DOES NOT matter AT ALL. I can call them idiots all day and still not be a heretic as along as it's not something ACTUALLY defined INFALLIBLY. Really few things qualify as dogma. I can actually refuse the legitimacy of the Bible, yet it's NOT heresy because it's not a dogma. I can call the Pope a dummy, use the Bible as paper towel, call the Vatican's scholars deluded idiots, cheat on my wife, destroy a car, and it will still NOT be heresy.

[@samsiangchin8394]

ngl, the narrator's voice is very soothing.

[@rasapplepipe]

In a convection oven? Man catholicism was no joke back then.

[@bittu2507]

true

[@bittu2507]

Religion is Shit

[@RGNRK-rm1eq]

@@bittu2507 people are shit

[@fsmoura]

"Galileo and Why He was Convected of Heresy" *_*convection intensifies*_*

[@anonymousvlogger8608]

I was literally just reading about Galileo.

[@KittenoftheBroccoli]

OK wait. At first I thought the title was just spelled wrong, but it's even spelled wrong in the video. I just... I can't even...

[@colacurciolaw7745]

Getting "convected" has to hurt like hell.

[@TheFaraway8]

Misspelling in the title, in the notification... GENIUS.

[@TheFaraway8]

Misspelling in the actual video....not so much. Bet this shits still clicking off the hook tho

[@_Mr.Tuvok_]

*Convicted also...FIRST ONE HERE!!!!! Love everything u do Simon (and Daven and crew)

[@MS-dp2py]

I always look forward to all your videos and channels updates

[@JimFortune]

"We can learn a lesson which remains valid in relation to similar situations that occur today." Yeah. When religion contradicts science, religion is wrong.

[@welshpete12]

As always interesting and informative . Thank you for posting !

[@Painteagle]

There are some more facts missing from this video. Galileo's math was wrong as his writings focused on a circular orbit instead of an elliptical one. He had been caught by some of his competitors in this but refused to revise his stance. In fact the elliptical model was already being spread throughout Germany since the early 1600s. The main reason for the removal of Galileo's conviction of heresy is that the subjects he was teaching on were not matters of faith as they had been labeled before, even though he was teaching a theory based on bad math and using an outdated heliocentric model.

[@nertz4579]

chris mclaughlin Ah so 2+2 does equal 3, got it thanks 👍

[@Veellinn]

Was looking for this. Also his heresy was more linked to the fact that he could not defend his stance against these complains, yet published his works without warning about it and presented them as fact, without dealing with these issues.

[@darken2417]

Not to mention that he violated the scientific method. Theories are not supposed to be stated as fact but as a possibility based on research and examination. This violation came about not only because of the bias in his book but also in his assertion that scripture should be interpreted in a way that conforms to his theory.

[@Christopher.E.Souter]

Wrong again! 2 + 2 = 5! :D

[@Nothing_serious]

What's your source? I find it hardly unbelievable he used bad math when Galileo is an incredible physicist and mathematician. Have you actually read the papers he published?

[@bradfordeaton6558]

Galileo failed to heed a very basic lesson: don't crap in your own nest.

[@TheJavaMonkey]

The “C” in “Medici” is pronounced “Ch.” Med-ee-chee.

[@deplorableamerican9451]

Glad I decided to watch this. I skipped past it because I knew just the simple story as to why. Thanks!

[@joeldeakin2003]

Galileo Galileo, Galileo let me go

[@Anon.5216]

Galileo was going around speaking of his theories AND using the Bible to back them up. The Pope said that he should not use the Bible but prove his theory scientifically which Galileo refused to do. Also Galileo was wrong on one point but right on another. This video is NOT accurate.

[@m.935]

Where can I read more about it or confirm that what you are saying are true historical facts? What is your source of this information?

[@mandymoore5774]

Yea as far as the original comment I’m not buying that! You didn’t even site your source for your comment. You simply come across as an insulted bible banger. & science has always proven religion incorrect.

[@someonesomething1657]

@@mandymoore5774nope

[@zeromailss]

Well, people always thought that they are the center of the universe Nothing new

[@jonbowman7686]

Well, from our perspective we *are* the center of the observable universe, so they'd be correct. Other than that you've got a good point.

[@edwardrhoads7283]

It is too bad the center of our universe may not even be in our universe much like the center of a balloon is not located on the "universe" on the surface of a balloon

[@jonbowman7686]

You're right that there is no center of the entire universe. It could even be infinitely large. But because light travels at a finite speed and the universe has a finite age, there is a center of the _observable_ universe from each person's perspective. But from the universe's "perspective" there is no center. Everything is simply expanding away from each other at a sufficient distance. Also it's interesting that the location of the big bang is everywhere. Everywhere around us is the "point" of space that the big bang happened. We can see that "point" in every section of the sky 14 billion light years away.

[@edwardrhoads7283]

I like to use an inflating balloon analogy. The balloon expands and everything seems to move away because the membrane of the balloon is expanding. If you consider the surface of the balloon a "universe" then the center of that universe is not in that universe but in another dimension which is not part of that universe and their universe expands due to an expansion in that same dimension. It is very possible that our universe is a 4 D surface of a 11 D balloon (M-theory) and so the "center" of our universe may not even exist in our universe. It is kind of mind blowing to think of it that way.

[@modolief]

Superb work, extremely informative, thanks very much!

[@s.d.s.7007]

Galileo was a great scientist, and bravely stood up to the church as you describe. The true hero, however, was Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake for refusing to recant his agreement with Copernicus's proof that the earth was not the center of the universe, as church dogma demanded. Would you please do another video outlining the known facts concerning Giordano Bruno? The story I heard was that he turned his head away from an offered bible at the last moments and is quoted as saying about the earth "never the less, it DOES move!". I would appreciate your help in determining the facts of this event.

[@Nothing_serious]

That does not make galileo less of a hero.

[@Gew219]

S.D. S. Actually Galileo was terrible scientist spreading many erroneous theories. For example he belived in perfectly circular orbits of planets, comets not being physical objects and tides being created by rotation of the Earth.

[@Nothing_serious]

Yes because science was still developing at the time that doesn't make him a bad one. Yes he was wrong and Newton is wrong about gravity too until Einstein came. A lot of physicist didn't believe in atoms at first too and it was one the main reasons why Boltzmann committed suicide because of criticisms. Ernst Mach, a well-known physicist even quoted ""I don't believe that atoms exist!". Even Einstein was wrong about quantum mechanics but that doesn't make them a bad one because science were still developing at the time.

[@s.d.s.7007]

Agreed, Yes that is the perspective from which all of these contributions make the most compelling sense. I never meant to detract from nor diminish from any of them. I know that I don't have all the facts, and so am glad to have more information in order to better appreciate a bigger perspective. My only point was that Giordano was BURNED ALIVE(!) for fuck's sake.....

[@jl9062]

@@s.d.s.7007 You can call Bruno a champion of free speech, free thought and so on. At the same time, he was a person like Deepak Chopra.

[@r.connor9280]

So what you're saying is that it was a slander case blown out of proportion and had almost nothing to do with his actual science but the presentation that he used

[@wanggalileo2067]

Glad my parents named me after him

[@lackcerebro]

"Thunderbolts and lightning very very frightening me" -Galileo

[@louismelahn1805]

“Medici” (some of his patrons) is pronounced “MEH-dee-chee,” just FYI.

[@InfiniteBeautyOfficial]

🕊️ Galileo, guess what? Fast forward 458+ years after your birthday till the end of humanity... The world knows your name 🕊️🗽💞 Cheers , it's 2022🥂 your enemies are unknown by name to us. You're a Legend Galileo 🎇🕊️💞

[@LadyWayen]

Should have added the relic middle finger of Galileo in some church in Florence

[@stevensmiseck3526]

Nicely done summary. Enjoyed it. Since so many are focused on your pronunciation of “Medici”, I thought I’d thank you for the correct pronunciation of “err.” 😉

[@julians7268]

How does one get convected of heresy? *edit* Please note the spelling before responding. People have devoted a lot of time responding to this as though it was a genuine question. I'm just poking fun at a misspelling that is, or was if they corrected it, in the title.

[@pantaleimona]

Julian Sloop lol

[@Hashgamm]

Julian Sloop they stuffed him full of it, changed his shape to convex...duh duh duh Convected!

[@Thanatos420]

By being dropped into a volcano in one of the most extreme acts of corporal punishment ever! Lol.

[@samanthastuessel7986]

Julian Sloop Julian Sloop It used to be a law. Ever hear of the witch trials? Or the bloody 300 years of England? All convictions of Heresy.

[@samanthastuessel7986]

Weeblet ABM I seriously just noticed it was spelled wrong when I read someone elses comment 🤣🤣 went right over my head there LOL

[@MrTohawk]

Just finished Brechts Live of Galilei for uni so this is right on time.

[@hgodvilla00]

Simon, your facts are wrong. The man who supported Galileo was Pope Paul V, while the man who persecuted Galileo was Pope Urban VIII.

[@Noah-357]

Unfortunately, many scientists were burned, tortured during the medieval era when they try to spread knowledge and civilization from the Arab's world which conflicts with what the priests of dark ages believe in. One of these heroes was Galileo who learned from the arab scientists in Andalucia, and the poor guy went back to his country to tell them about the truth that the earth is not flat, but unfortunately he was convicted in heresy and finally burned.

[@Vortexfugue]

Would kind of suck if he was not only convicted but also convected as well.

[@hudbudmudsud]

If you have too much power, your destined to be blinded by it.

[@a.p6419]

Heyyyyy!!!! Its fixed! Yay! All is right with the world again!

[@MickeyD2012]

Sort of. The video evidence will remain forever.

[@a.p6419]

Yeah but we had ever so much fun, didn't we? 😉😄😁

[@tohopes]

WHAT DID THEY DO?

[@spacemissing]

The moral of this while thing is "Don't Fight The Powers That Be On Their Own Ground."

[@GravityFromAbove]

It isn't in scripture. There's no verse that is against him. It's the fact that the Church had adopted ancient ideas of about about the universe. And had invented doctrines to back it up. You might as well blame ancient Greece and Rome too. The Catholic Church was wrong. But not because of its Christianity. Holland printed the work because they were Calvinist Christians who believed in freedom, they published Descartes as well.

[@Veellinn]

I think one of the passages used was some where one guy ordered Sun to stop in it's tracks, and since he ordered Sun, not Earth, it must be clear Sun moves. Can't remember where it is, sorry.

[@elijahmikhail4566]

There was also the fact the Galileo wanted to publish his research on the Copernican model in the midst of the Protestant Reformation. If the pope had allowed the publishing of a treatise that proved the Copernican model, it would've seemed to the public that the pope was endorsing a heretic idea. This would have given Protestants a more legitimate reason to evangelize Catholics.

[@Dizzinator2114]

Tomáš Bastl I believe it is in Joshua 10 where he commands the sun and moon to stand still.

[@timothyhilditch]

It is in Joshua. He stops the Sun moving, to kill a fleeing army. Although it is all how you interpret it, since we still say now that the Sun rises and sets everyday, even though it is in fact the Earth rotating.

[@Dizzinator2114]

Timothy Hilditch yes we do say this understanding that, but the question is did the writer actually believe this to be the case? In context I would have to say no they didn't think the earth was spinning.

[@edlabelle438]

Hi Simon Whistler, I am giving a presentation in May titled, Galileo's Spyglass Discoveries and Conflicts with the Catholic Church. As you mention in this short video, Galileo's friend, Maffeo Barberini, became Pope Urban VIII. He granted Galileo six personal meetings in Rome in 1624. Galileo wanted permission from Urban to write a book in a conversational style to compare the Ptolemaic versus Copernican models of our solar system. Urban granted Galileo permission in 1624 to write the book with the condition that Galileo only speak of the Copernican model as a hypothesis. And Urban disagreed with that Galileo's theory that the ebbs and tides proved that the Earth moves. Urban's belief was that God, in his infinite wisdom, could make the tides move without the Earth actually moving. Urban asked Galileo to include this position in the book and Galileo agreed to include it. Now, here's where I think Galileo made his big mistake: he put Urban's words into the mouth of the character Simplicio. Simplicio represented the Ptolemaic view of the immovable Earth. As you mentioned, Galileo portrayed Simplicio as a fool in the book. Galileo had alienated many of the Jesuit cardinals and clergy with his writings in past letters and books. They confronted Urban about Galileo making him look like a fool by putting Urban's words in Simplicio's mouth. Urban was outraged because the ending of the book seemed to promote the Copernican view and his words were spoken by the fool! The conclusion that I've come to after my research is that if Galileo would have put Urban's words into either Salviati's or Sagredo's mouth, then Pope Urban would not have been enraged and would not have initiated an Inquisition against Galileo. Do you think there is merit in this assessment? Regards, Ed LaBelle Psalm 19 Astronomy Society

[@Poldovico]

Galileo invented the telescope in the sense that he improved upon the spyglass to make a tool that was useful for astronomy, rather than sailing.

[@MagnusSkiptonLLC]

Science can't answer all questions, but it can answer all the questions that *can be* answered.

[@ENDfilms44]

It's misspelled to convected in both the youtube title and in the video. lol

[@luizcarlosdiasjunior]

There is an error at 5:24. The quote should read "'...CERTAINLY ITS interpreters and commentators can and do so many ways."'

[@kazzyanddecchan733]

The story of Galileo: (Ahem) Galileo figaro. *MAGNIFICO-O*-O-o-o. The end.

[@gabrielenarbutaite6244]

Kazzy and Decchan haha good one!

[@TCDooM]

Thank you. Good listening it was. If you really remember all you record, you must know a lot! 😁

[@flukislucas]

So the church transported Galileo via heat cells? Nice!

[@lazyperson2000]

Could you do a video on how the internet could crash and the aftermath of such a thing? Thank you for making these videos (I've learned so much interesting information). :)

[@carsonianthegreat4672]

This is a total misrepresentation of what happened

[@therealong]

The video is still available and commented on.

[@carsonianthegreat4672]

@@therealong yeah, and a total fabrication of history

[@klondike444]

4:25 on-screen text: *"summorized"* . Don't you have proofreaders, or even a spell-checker?

[@silkworm6861]

Nice. Shame you didn't mention the "E pur si muove" subplot (which might be a myth, but still interesting)

[@suzannerickman2884]

Also, Galileo’s house arrest was not in his home. He was put in a palace across the street from his daughter, who was a nun in a convent. He had servants and a valet. He was able to walk the kept gardens, and ate fabulously well. The Church continued to support his scientific research here. Why does THE WORLD leave this information out?

[@ChrisRoxDuhh]

House arrest started in Rome, then moved to a palace in Sienna, then eventually to Florence to his regular house "il Gioiello" which was across from the convent you speak of. He used to tend to his garden but after the inquisition he was constantly ill and his friends and nuns at the convent helped run his garden while he was away. He did visit his daighter but at some point he was no longer allowed to leave and could only receive the eucharist once a month via a father coming to his place to feed it to him.

[@timothymclean]

I'm a bit amused at all the things the Catholic Church started apologizing for in the 20th century. Mind, I'm glad they did, but by the time they started apologizing most people had stopped caring, since everyone in the Church was already acting as if whatever they were apologizing for was something they shouldn't have done...it just wasn't _official._

[@JiveDadson]

It's less embarrassing than apologizing for buggering little boys.

[@whosreallytheboss]

Great story! THANK YOU! :)

[@gold4963]

"Convected?"

[@JayFlowie]

GOLD 1515 burnt?

[@Thanatos420]

Extreme heat transfer. It's what happens when you get too close to lava. You instantly burst into flames due to convection. Basically, Galileo was deemed a heretic...and thus, tossed into a live volcano apparently. That or microwaved lol.

[@gold4963]

Thanatos420 Seriously?

[@Thanatos420]

Depends on what you mean by seriously. Was he really tossed into a microwave or volcano? No. Not really. That was a joke. But is that actually how convection works? Basically, yes. In real life, if you got too close to lava, not only would your body burst into flames (without even having to touch it) but all the water in your body would boil instantly from all the heat around you. All of this because of convection (extreme heat transfer) essentially acting as an oven on your body, both inside and out. That part is actually true, yes.

[@gold4963]

Thanatos420 Thanks for clearing that up.

[@bobomob111]

I had no idea just how incredibly ballsy he was

[@Ondrix]

Convected? Did you mean convicted?

[@blueoak116]

Well done. Thanks.

[@JimFortune]

Convected? He drifted up due to heat?

[@PureFPSPwnage]

You beat me to it

[@JimFortune]

;->

[@vanir_freyr]

I'm digging the shirt, mate. Lookin' sharp

[@6272355463637]

Do a video on Giordano Bruno. Sure, he's somewhat less famous than Galileo but his ideas were quite interesting and influential (and accordingly, his persecution was quite a bit harsher).

[@stonedserpent9206]

Marcel Lindner and he was actually convected

[@skwills1629]

If SImon WHistler doesone on Bruno, it would be great, but will also destroy his utility as a Martyr for Science. Brunos ideas were not influential, nor was he executed for believing life existed on other World, or the Sun being just a Star. This myth was in fact created in The 19th Century by the Freethought Movement ad popularied by Drapers work on the subject, On The Warfare Between Science And Religion. In point of fact, Bruno was an occultist who advocated abandoning Christian ideals and worshiping Egyptian gods,. He also was allowed to lecture and travel freely for 15 Years before he was convicted, and unlike how he was presented in "Cosmos" by Neil DeGrase Tyson, he was actually quiet Antagonistic towards people, burning many bridges with his hot temper and irate, combative attitude. This fact is what many Historians believe underlie the execution more than any beliefs he advocated, as it is unwise to make the World your enemy. Bruno was an obscure figure until the Myth got started that Science and Reason were the enemies of Religion in general and Christianity in particular, when he was dredged up to serve as an exemplar of that supposed Truth of the Evil Christians murdering Scientists. Much like how modern Atheist depict The Rheinland Massacre as the Catholic Church murdering Jews in the Crusades when in Reality the Church condemned the Massacre and many Bishops sheltered Jews, one loosing his life in the proccess. Bruno was simply not hat many Think he was. One last fun fact. While Cosmos depicted him as having black hair, he was in fact redhead. I do not know why they changed this.

[@skwills1629]

Frak WInkhorst, that's nice. A book Title and description doesn't tell me anything though. It doesn't even tell me if the book itself is accurate. I could reccomendyou read "The Two Babylons" by Alexander Hislop to learn about how Evil the Catholic Church is, and how its all based on Paganism, unlike True Christianity, or read Pason Weems biography of George Washington to see what a wonderful man he was, and moral, and just, that alone doesn't prove the books are accurate. It may well be this book is not a accurate presentation fo facts; Just like David Barton, Howard Zinn, Acharya S, Jordon Maxwell, Freke and Gandy, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, and any number of other "researchers" I could name whose books are not reliaible. I'd have to know more about it and its author.

[@alexhurst3986]

Oh TYTYTYTYTYTY for doing Galileo!!! I have been asking for this. He is the poster child for the idiocy of the medieval church ensuring we remain in the dark ages by either discounting or killing all the scientists.

[@gregallenmolick]

CONVECTED!

[@rev.markcarrier1894]

Actually, the Copernican theory was flawed in that it posited circular orbits for the planets. Because of this, it could not be proven with astronomical observations. It wasn’t until Johannes Kepler realized that the planetary orbits are elliptical that the theory could be proven. Meanwhile, astronomers and intellectuals such as Tycho Brahe and Francis Bacon rejected the idea that the planets went around the sun.

[@nomadic-loyalist]

Guys they make videos full of information everyday cut them some slack

[@EJavierPaniaguaLaconich]

Space Loyalist Ok, but Alltime10s for example: they do crappily researched videos but at least they don't have misspellings! So unsub! No wait... 😂

[@gmansard641]

One major event is rarely mentioned. . . The Thirty Years' War. It was the last major religious war in Europe, and in the early 1630s the Protestants were winning aome major victories. The Church felt beseiged and threatened and was less likely to tolerate controversy.

[@JohnMyers1970]

Convicted, by any chance...? How does one become convected...? Lol

[@ElliotWright]

He caught a lot of heat for his statements. :P

[@JohnMyers1970]

Considering the subject at hand, that may well have been a possibility....

[@DaremoTen]

I had hoped for some additional words on the provenance of E pur si muove. I don't think it's something that needs it's own video, but is still really interesting.

[@Halinspark]

Those who feel science and faith contradict each other understand neither of them.

[@muneebsharif543]

Halinspark big big facts

[@jackbean213]

Halinspark You mean people don't understand your faith alone, many people's faith contradicts science.

[@charlesgatine7045]

Tell that to the one who was burnt alive for keeping the same affirmations as galileo : giordano bruno. And also all the biologist paleothonlogist, genticists who hav confirmed evolution theories...

[@beth8775]

Frank Winkhorst This is where that bit about faulty interpretation comes in. Unless you are fluent in Koine, biblical Hebrew, and Aramaic, and are also a studied historian of the ancient middle east, then you can't just read the text and know you are interpreting it correctly. Linguistic complexities are a huge issue here, as is historical context. The more you take this into account, the more you can see that science is NOT contradicting the scriptures. It is only contradicting your interpretation.

[@vakusdrake3224]

Oh yeah because it's not like religion has any track record of actually making unsupported factual claims about reality /s

[@EmmanuelGoldstein3]

There's actually more to it than this. The Church was apparently open to the Copernican view, and stated that the scriptural passages in question were largely inconsequential. From a scientific standpoint, the big issue was that the Ptolemaic system just worked significantly better. The Copernican theory did not correctly match the observed motions of the planets. And this is a big deal in science. Galileo claimed to have an explanation for the discrepancies, but never actually produced it. (The issue was that Copernicus postulated circular orbits, whereas the actual orbits are elliptical. When Copernican theory was modified to have elliptical orbits, then the discrepancy went away and pretty much everyone embraced the theory. So everyone was actually behaving pretty rationally, withholding support for an interesting new theory while it was contradicted by empirical observation, and then quickly embracing it after it was corrected and matched the observations. My understanding is the Galileo had some kind of political intrigue going on and was using the theory to attack some rival. He thought that the Pope had his back in this, but discovered that his behavior had just alienated too many people. Even so, his punishment was a slap on the wrist. Far from being a martyr of science, Galileo actually set science back significantly. Until this incident, the Church had been one of the biggest promoters of science, believing that it was the best way of discovering the will of God. And Italy was the center of scientific activity. But what Galileo taught was that science was a dangerous enemy to religion. Consequently, they pretty much shut science down in the areas they controlled.

[@danielortman2534]

Anyone who wants to point the fingers at organized religion for denying science, really needs to study history. The established way of doing things can stifle scientific discovery, even when done by atheist

[@danielortman2534]

that just isn't logical. religion is too loosely defined, and so often paired with humans in their best, and worst moments, that its role can't be definitively said to be positive, negative, or neutral. Likely it has done all three.

[@lyndiss.2017]

I... Would like to understand what you meant by "established ways of doing things", please?

[@neurofiedyamato8763]

Religion is easily defined. There's many sub-categories but they are easily identifiable as 'religion.' Also yes, old-ways do hold people back. Things like tradition hold people back. However there are only two things that competes against science when it comes to understanding our world; religion, and pseudoscience. Pseudoscience is mostly due to tradition and misinformation of real science. Religion is pure faith. However religious institutes helped set the foundation of learning and teaching. Those who sought to be a monk or clergy got to study in churches and temples with books. The churches promoted followers to read and write. The religious help store literature. However their ideas are old and traditional. They denied empirical evidence and rely on pure faith. Religion helped create science but equally as much slowed its progress. After all religion is just the old way of trying to find out how the world works. Its a sign of intellect and curiosity. But people refuse to let it go.

[@fpp144]

Daniel Ortman the big bang theory was first proposed by a devout Christian. A fact atheists don't want mentioned

[@fpp144]

Daniel Ortman exactly. Heck atheism is a religion. Science is a believe. How do u know if water is made up of 2 Hydrogen and one Oxygen? Can you see the atoms? No. You have to have faith that Bohr and Thompson and all the rest knew what they were talking about.

[@pirolodaniel]

I love this channel, and the community, these comments about the typo are pure gold :) Galileo is cool too....

[@FireSpark]

Nitpick for the day: Medici is pronounced Med-i-chee. Not Med-i-see. Now you know.

[@koustavamul894]

Ezio: Signor Lorenzo..

[@101Volts]

0:47 The scripture mentioned says "The earth is set in its foundations; it cannot be moved." I suppose people then had no idea what it meant.

[@eastonkeeton5370]

I think they meant convicted

[@selftrollers8150]

Albert Einstein quoted him as " the father of Modern physics and of modern science ". 🤦But you prisoners of religion , damn you.