Games Workshop CAN'T Sculpt Hair & New Primaris Lieutenant | Models and Memories Weekly #30

[@Kirioth]

Your reaction to the Primaris Lieutenant seems to be the same as mine... I WISH they'd do something crazy and unique for the 40k special models. Hell, just throw an Eldar sculpt out or something, they've not had any love for years!

[@EonsOfBattle]

ah but if it was a crazy unique model everyone wanted, people would cry out "damn GW and their awful FOMO marketing!". There is no winning.

[@Squaredpaints]

Talking for the AoS players, we’re excited about the vampire! It’s a unique sculpt, and even though we got a lot of new vampires recently, there are not too many yet.

[@YanniCooper]

One thing in favor of all the different "named colors" is that if you are painting an army, being able to maintain consistency is very useful. I've been adding to the same Tyranid army for nearly two decades, and I've been able to paint them all nearly identically due to using the same paints (though I did have to substitute Liquitex Burnt Sienna for Chestnut Ink).

[@aaronbrown4275]

"...paint should be in tubes..." Let me introduce you to heavy bodied Liquitex artist grade. Life changing. Paintman Journeying uses those and has a whole video about them.

[@hades_deathgod9496]

The vampire model is brand new and unique, if it was a stormcast maybe, but AoS players are super hype for the new vampire

[@dcyork2703]

totally agree. i knew exactly what GW was going for and i love it

[@PaintPlastic]

The hair is good. It's like a pious monk haircut.

[@joshy7759]

Exactly. I knew where he was going before he started. I agree, full tonsure.

[@claymore7315]

Still, for the black templars I can't help but laugh.

[@reptilienkonig6551]

Knowing GW, might be a coincidence

[@johnnnysilverhand9819]

Games workshop doesnt know how to sculpt hair or female faces. If you look at the legendary Jeniffer Haley (the Paintrix) you dont see any GW female models painted by her

[@ianevans9454]

I knew they were based on monks.. and I'm pretty sure everyone does... But they are ugly as crap... There is a reason why it's not in style today!!

[@nickrogers3111]

Like the new intro J, look forward to your vids everyday. I usually just listen to you as a podcast while in at work every day. thanks

[@ian8477]

They missed a golden opportunity to market a unique CHAOS primaris lieutenant, being the Halloween season... but I guess we could just put our own spikes and blood and skulls on him... speaking of which, maybe that's what my recruit edition marines need to get me interested in the Primaris range; a bit more character... but I still prefer my firstborn.

[@demonic_myst4503]

lore wise they wouldmnt do it as they stated primaris cant be corrupted by chaos so any primaris who joins chaos has to have a actual reason that logicaly makes sense to them and would need be a story character

[@marcocardoso8745]

If you're really interrested: scale 75 has a Line of miniature paints in Tubes, like Art paints. It is in their renowed quality and dryes very matt skin to their dropper bottle line. Friend has the whole line and is pretty happy with it.

[@Pyre001]

"Live studio audience" You're just forcing Nick to sit there and watch you talk for an hour, huh?

[@Logaan777]

Needs a laugh track to "pass" as a "live studio audience". Otherwise, it the audience is too bored! No reactions!

[@printandplaygamer7134]

@@Logaan777 Pretty sure it's a joke...I don't think Jay thinks he's fooling us.

[@snek679]

​@@printandplaygamer7134 woosh?

[@RothianFairmoon]

so, firstly I'd recommend checking out Tamiya paints, their bottles (with screw caps) are squat and wide, I don't know if they make technicals or shades but it'd be good to look, I'm an AOS fan and 40k just is too Imperium focused for me so I'd go for the Vampire model myself by default.

[@captainweekend5276]

They probably should have used the sergeant they used for the webstore promotion as the warhammer day model and used the lieutenant for the webstore promotion, since the sergeant actually looked unique.

[@Ayra_arts]

As a art student I agree on the tube paints being ideal. which is why I was initially drawn to scale75's artist range of acrylics which is just that.

[@booster_ray5421]

Love the new intro!

[@tonyz.6105]

this plasma pistol right here people, is why engineers spend so much time, in a robust cross functional team, to design what seem to be simple parts. Developing a datum strategy and tolerancing should prevent future issues of both scale and which side is "down" on the printer. Designing parts like this must consider fit, form and function as well as manufacturing and assembly. I work in automotive and we have the same concerns about building a 3D surface to determine part integration for a car before we even start making the tools. This is further complicated by manufacturing tolerancing, which in this case, would be the resolution of the printer and you should have better allowances for part variance since this is just a prototype (only making 1, not 1 million) and is for fun. I'll step down from my pedestal now, thanks for your time. Great vid, great work Jay!

[@HaloBrutus]

You should check out the Crimson Court. Its a box of 4 vampires packed with flavor and details.

[@cinnabarsin4288]

More competition in contrast style paints is definitely good. They sound good to use but I'm not paying those GW prices.

[@rosienelson1004]

5:02 oh man i feel you on that one. Wait are we talking about the same pot

[@joenewkirk6136]

New intro is bangin

[@abaddon7558]

I don't know if some said that or not, but I remember trying to highlight some grey stones with some sandy color and the result just ended being pink because of the pigments mix in the sandy paint, I was a kid so didn't have great colour analysis software installed :) but the names can also gives you where it stand on a color wheel to avoid such surprising results. As for the Plasma gun, really cool, I hope you'll have the time finish it, and if you want to get rid of the previous prototypes and pieces, you can either recycle them into raw material for the failed part, or offer it to your community if people wants it :D (I don't but maybe there is people who will receive it as a holy relic and cherish it for the rest of their life)

[@olith]

Warhammer Day replaced Games Day which was Games Workshop's national event each year usually at a large convention centre.

[@SvartElric9]

No amount of Vampires is enough Vampires!

[@marcocardoso8745]

Absolutely

[@Psycho-Babble]

In reference to the complaint about GW contrast/wash pots: the solution is a piece of double sided tape or even just a bit of duct tape in a loop. I too enjoy washes and contrast straight out of the pot, putting it on the pallet is such a waste, but I had witnessed far too many knocked over and wasted. It only took me once. I knocked over a Drakenhof Nightshade and 3/4s poorer over my table staining it blue. I vowed, never again. From that point on I make a little loop of duck tape (the tighter rolled the better) stick it on the corner of my cutting mat just for washes and contrast. Works perfect. I just hope that someone reads this and it's able to save at least one pot of paint.

[@burroc5536]

The hair on the Shrike model is on point. They just have a tendency to sculpt bad hair, but can pull out some real winners. My favorite is the hair on my GSC magus... That was a joke generations in the making.

[@GreenBlueWalkthrough]

That's what I thought of the scouts' haircuts too it just seemed perfect for the black templars! Also, I like Tamya's paint pot big, wide, cheap, and good quality which I only have the primary and secondary colors so I can easily make any shade I need to.

[@odeegrotsniffer4166]

AoS person here. That vampire rocks!

[@Ironfrenzy217]

As you replied to me on stream about the Ultramarine Sargent, " it isn't for you". ;)

[@janrei7292]

I honestly cant agree more with the black templar fashion statements.

[@romanklaeger5397]

At 1:40 it's actually Teutonic Knights, but Tectonic Knights would make one hell of an army!

[@nobodyimportant5417]

Grimaldus riding Kragnos into battle, with all four hands wielding thunder hammers. Let's make it happen!

[@squidcultist0022]

There's one model that has good hair, the noise marine

[@proximityfpv1722]

I've been making my own contrast 3 different ways + I bought the full range from GW. I prefer to mix proacryl transparent with 70 matt medium to 30 flow improver, cuz you can just mix and mix, and lets you wetland contrast colors you mix.

[@2dola]

Tamiya have really nice pots

[@mojotheaverage]

I instantly realised that the hair was intended to look like an ascetic Knight cut from history so I was surprised to hear people moan about it. I think a lot of people just want their hair to look like perfect anime hair hence why so many third party heads look cringey as heck looking like shonen boys or girls. Kind of reminds me of all the skyrim mods you see of 'better' heads, hair and faces and it's all perfect anime aesthetic that looks ridiculous in the setting

[@222LoneWolf]

In their defense, I honestly would like some more "anime-style" long-haired heads to use for any marines inspired by Sanguinius, Lion El'Johnson, pre-heresy Emperor's Children, etc. I certainly wouldn't want them to replace the more conventional marine look or anything, but that kind of variety in character design is a big thing in the lore that has never quite translated over to the minis as much as I would personally like to see. As for the Black Templar scouts, I personally rather like the derpy bowl cuts, too. I agree that they play into Warhammer's tradition of making almost everybody some kind of exaggerated caricature of something from history.

[@Gyropathic]

I personally don't like them because I don't like ugly models, yes I knew what they were going for, but I'd prefer a buzzcut than a bowl cut. I prefer my models aesthetically pleasing, and their hair does not do that, for me at least.

[@Kubrzesz]

Fair enough about the LT, but at the same time the mini is ALSO directed at people new to hobby, who never been in store, that just walked in and thought “cool” or those newer hobbyists who don’t have other units than core basics. Most of the argument is “because I have similar one from Indomitus/Starter pack/whatever” which again, fair enough, again, not only directed at people who have it all. At the same time it shows how many people were complaining how Indomitus/Starter pack/whatever is a ripoff and yet SO many people has it. Also, they’re soldiers, of course they’re alike. If every model would be different we all would be complaining about that. Still, most of the whining people will go out and buy it (myself included) so it’s going to be there on the shelf (in the box or not) as a reminder of the year where GW was lazy, if nothing else, or for the completionism sake. And then cycle repeats.

[@philippschmitz1787]

I actually like the new Templars very much. I like that Knight-Squire aesthetics that makes me (an owner of some awesome Dark Angels "Space Knights") extremely jealous. But what I wonder about isn't missing variation in hairstyles (there are plenty of different heads available from non GW sources that could fit nicely)... Why are there no chapter upgrade sets for redemptor dreads? And one (more general thing): They gave us dreads with actual leg joints... but why do I see the plain old box pose if I look for inspirational pictures online? It's almost as lazy as the new blade guard lieutenant, that looks less "blade guardy" than the Primaris Captain from the Elite Base Box... which is awesome... the new one isn't. And yapp, the new vampire design is awesome af. There's literally no recent vampire mini, I don't want to own and paint. Even if there's no game I'm less interested in than AoS every vampire triggers the "IWANNA'AVEDAT"-part of my brain. Because every mini oozes character and you somewhat feel that they come from a very specific background. That guy with the rat coat, that duchess that uses her winged hand like a decorative fan, the girl/guy with bats in their hairs... *drool* A reason for me to kit bash my primaris to the point of where every Marine can be used as an individual character without the danger of mixing them up... another reason why I think, the upcoming Templars Box is awesome. But you're right, there's always room for getting more awesome.

[@timunderbakke8756]

I really like the hair on the new Templar sculpts. I picked up on the aesthetic they were going for immediately, and it’s perfect.

[@durzod2052]

Midwinter Minis came up with an excellent substitute for Contrast medium (it's 50% water, 50% matt medium and a dash of flow improver). Using this with regular or transparent acrylics you can get the effect of contrast paints in ANY color you want at far-less-than-GW prices.

[@warherd_miniatures]

I'm relatively new to the hobby, but one solution I figured out recently for the infamous Nuln Oil spillage issue is to put it into a dropper bottle, and then I pour out a little bit at a time into little Dollarama plastic shot glasses. This way I can control how much I use, and if I do accidentally spill it it's only a few cents worth instead of an entire precious pot of it

[@funkyfugi135]

Army painter and Vallejo all come in droppers and they’re so much nicer to use

[@yagsipcc287]

Been in and out of the hobby for 20 years I have yet to spill any paint. I don't know how people keep spilling stuff 😅

[@stevenkirton6373]

New intro is fucking litty and Profesional af, keep up the good work

[@d-emprahexpects]

Love the new intro. Not so much the music though

[@bruhisbussinwill5175]

That pvz risk is bussin tho

[@0815UserII]

Remember the not Predator Catachan Commander? Also, regarding the Plasma Pistol: If you touch it again, maybe design the energy module thingie so that it can actually hold the batteries and be screwed in properly. And maybe add a sound module to go along the lights.

[@justinvenable917]

Your closed captioning is hilarious. "It's a primary slew tenants but not just any boring primaries lieutenant"

[@philsayer2447]

The AoS model is prime for a conversion to a rogue trader, inquisitor, chaos cult leader, Genestealer matriarch or commissar too...

[@Remixersoloman]

I'd love more serious medieval influence in space marines in general. Would be awesome if we could get a samurai chapter and all the helmetless marines had top-knots.

[@EonsOfBattle]

you should look up the emperors shadows chapter!

[@nicholasnadeau2053]

That lieutenant is totally unique from the regular blade guard because it has a skull in the ringthingy on his backpack

[@EonsOfBattle]

ah truly uneque!

[@oathbow]

Love That Plasma Pistol 🔫… Great Design… finish it … it’s so awesome 🤩😉

[@cams.2083]

"not enough pot for my money" -snoop dog -jay

[@Karloss00]

Warhammer Day/Warhammer Fest is their replacement for Games Day. The Vampire is totally unique to the line and in fact has interested the Warhammer Fantasy community because she looks like a Necrarch Vampire, a bloodline that got left behind in the transition to Age of Sigmar.

[@meanestgreen3320]

The vampire looks kinda like Tim curry from rocky horror picture show

[@Flarecobra]

Hmmm... Plasma pistol prop... bolt pistol prop.... Possable Cypher costume in the works?

[@thekr0nck353]

Not enough pot for my money! EOB 2021

[@Veles343]

Primaris LT is kind of dumb, especially as it's so easy to pickup a BG LT from the starter boxes. But I agree, I like that it's not really jimmying my jams. I can not buy it and not feel all that bad about it. I think it sucks when a model with unique stats, like the gravis captain with the boltstorm gauntlet, is only available in a limited way

[@mycatistypingthis5450]

I think what people are sad about is that it's not something worthwhile. We often hear that injection molds are expensive to make as an excuse why sets do not get updated, why waste it on a completely redundant piece of space marine?

[@vectorshaman338]

So looks like the rumors are Catachans vs Tyranids for the next kill team release after the sisters vs tau box. Wonder how they will do the terrain for that one? New jungle terrain from GW? Imagine a green jungle theme game board.

[@EonsOfBattle]

if that happens that will be crazy cool!

[@JayAndNightASMR]

They have trouble sculpting faces in general in my opinion. They're really hit and miss.

[@funkyfugi135]

GW solved FOMO by making a model no one really wants

[@EonsOfBattle]

exactly

[@mannyramirez5630]

Jay check out the Crimson Court models for warhammer underworlds, they're sick af

[@IOnlyWantToWatchIt]

Quick to the "How?" I like it and the new intro! 7/10

[@kurtbenson2532]

couple of ideas for the plasma pistol. cast coils in clear resin with diffracting (ground glass?) material and embed LEDs for the glow and pulse.

[@reptilienkonig6551]

"It's not enough pot for the money."

[@lochiehayes6522]

hey man, I agree the hair style is cool. I think the hair itself is sculpted shittily. I understand some people are more positive than others but it is a billion dollar company, sometimes it can fight its own battles.

[@robm3007]

Rumour has it if Jay cuts his hair his models disappear !!!! and he wont have anything to say 😱🤐🤔 hope that never happens 😇 another great video 😁

[@thomasvanhezel]

"It's not enough pot for my money" 🙄🤣

[@D00M3R-SK8]

yeah, they're medieval looking haircuts. I think they suit the BT's perfectly. They look like Black adder one :D

[@michaelspitz9151]

I kinda like it remind me of Moe from the three Stooges, NO WAY I MADE THAT COMMENT BEFORE YOU SAID IT 😂

[@Joaquin-Watching]

My head canon is this primaris lieutenant was promoted into the indomitus captain. Same pose. Belt trinket with a purity seal over it. Skull halo with extra ring. Knee skull. Shield purity seals in similar spots. Idk. Feels right in my head.

[@markwilliams1892]

Re: Age of sigmar. Most of the old Vampire Lord sculpts are out of production, and there's tecnically only 1 model now if you don't count the warband, so a unique sculpt for new players is kind of a big deal. But it's very niche.

[@printandplaygamer7134]

I hear what you're saying about paint delivery systems. Miniature paint in tubes would be great, but it's too late for that now--pots and bottles have become the industry standard, despite their limitations. But yeah, the problem with GW paint pots is they are tall, narrow, and (with their permanently-attached caps) top-heavy. In the much-larger and more competitive field of artists' media, you'll note that acrylic inks (Daler-Rowney, etc.) come in pots that are wider than they are tall, are bottom heavy (because they're glass with plastic & rubber tops), AND come with built-in droppers. You can drop a bottle of DR ink, but it's really hard to spill one on a level table. I believe that GW's pots are top-heavy and prone to spilling by design--GW knows that if one of their locked-in customers spills a bottle of Agrax Earthshade, they're immediately going to buy another bottle.

[@EonsOfBattle]

I wonder if its a bit of a happy accident the paint spills easily, but the real reason is that they fit in the verticle store paint racks GW already makes.

[@Bad_Moon_Bill]

I need to get that bowl cut head. as soon as I saw it I new I need to make the three stooges for 40k

[@goatman9998]

I love the hair. it's monk like. Which is the theme...

[@D3sToD3s]

The vampire is one headswap away from becoming a dark Eldar. Just saying.

[@The_Captain40k]

I like this new intro!

[@funghazi]

Not fair, I want a plasma pistol

[@stegotron]

I wish more was made of the historical basis for the chapters, as soon as I saw the Black Templar tonsure it made more sense of where they came from, without reading fluff.

[@HauntedCorpseGaming]

Small gun... Noisy Cricket.

[@nathanoliveira9655]

liking the new intro so far keep up the good work mate

[@gyriongyrion4623]

The hair is awesome, it looks derpy, but that's exactly spot on for haircuts inspired by Religious Knightly Orders

[@SPANISH-TARQUIN]

Mine will be getting head swaps or helmets!! 👍

[@gyriongyrion4623]

@@SPANISH-TARQUIN Totally fair, i just appreciate GW adding lore into their ranges, but I do also reckon they look silly

[@SPANISH-TARQUIN]

@@gyriongyrion4623 I agree with you, you're absolutely correct, I just don't like them!! I much prefer bald or helmets!!

[@gyriongyrion4623]

@@SPANISH-TARQUIN Same here! Love helmeted heads

[@bopaintsminis]

Just curious, but I think if I were designing a prop gun, like your plasma pistol, I woud try real AR15 pistol stocks from a company like Magpul. I think they have what to need to make your prop look good and get the dimensions right. Plus, why reinvent the wheel?

[@Rh_879-]

J can you do your next 'HOW'! in a khan from star trek style

[@thewizardmf175]

Dat intro doe

[@CookingandWH40kVideos]

NEW INTRO???????

[@scarecrow2097]

Ι really didn't notice any hate comments 🤣 I mean, even if you aren't a history buff you probably still saw a medieval movie or two so the reason the hair is like that should be obvious

[@michaeltunnicliffe4935]

Space Marine Lieutenants are cool and all, and they can be nice additions to your Space Marine armies, but it's just a Space Marine. It looks no different to the Indomitus Bladeguard. And also, who would want it other than Space Marine players. I don't want it and I DO have a Space Marine army. Special Editions models should be unique and exciting. They should grab your attention even if you don't play that army. The Vampire looks fresh and exciting. If you play that army you will love it. It's a named character so if you like the lore of AoS, you will want it. I don't play AoS, but I want it, because its a cool, unique, named, decent model. When I think back to other examples of special and limited edition models that were made available, I think of Jakob Bugmanson. It was a model to be enjoyed, not to be used, and I think that should be the point of them. Something to own because you want to paint and display it, not to hide it in ranks of the horde which is your army. I also think of the Catachan Colonel, which had an awesome pose, was unique and exciting. I never got it, but sure do wish I did. I don't play Catachans. Doesn't matter, it would be perfect as a display piece, something for me, not my army. And characters work great for this reason too. Because again, they represent the game, the lore and the love for great models, not what will work in your army. I think of character models like Eisenhorn, Commissar Raine, Ripper Jackson, Ventris. But most of all I think of the various Bugman models which are just silly, but represent Games Workshop more than any Primaris Lieutenant. A few alternative ideas I would have gone with for this Warhammer day are: - A Death Korps of Krieg character to bridge the Octarius release and individual Guard box release, but also just because Krieg are cool. - A humorous model like an Ork with a rocket launcher but it fires Squigs. - Something sort after, like a new Khorne Beserker or Eldar. Or even a long lost race brought back, like a squat. - Something epic like a battle scared Marine atop the severed head of a giant Tyranid. Or maybe the reverse, a Tyranid ripping a marine in half. - Or maybe just something celebrating the history of Warhammer, like bringing back an old character or maybe even a firstborn Marine but in the proper scale, aka, Primaris sized Marine in the older armour, maybe even with an old bolter.

[@JasonM69]

Cool pistol. For the handle, what if you filled in the 3d supports on the failed one with body filler and sanded out the grip to get an idea of what would be comfortable.

[@PeninsulaPaintingProjects]

People just refuse to understand history.

[@ra1d3r9]

I believe they can do hair job, look at the Imeperium Magazine Captain or Sergeant Jorvan model, and especially Space Wolf. Also, medium is the key for any acrylic colour.

[@foxhound24]

Love that snazzy intro!

[@Speknoz]

I live in Alaska, closest GW store is in BC Canada. Something like 1500km away. Safe to say I won't be getting any limited edition models, ever.

[@vurrunna]

Jay at 5:02: "It's not enough pot for my money." Jay's FBI Agent: "Ladies and gentlemen. We got him."

[@carlstanford7607]

New intro? Prefer the old one but onwards and upwards

[@johncitizen5130]

Heyyyyy a primaris model with no foot on a rock!

[@DasVadderr]

Although it´s pretty much impossible to play all those Lieutenants, I think it really makes sense for GW to stick to them as celebration exclusives. The countries of the Euro-Zone are releasing special coins from time to time for some celebration stuff (olympic games, anniversaries of events etc), but they´re always 2€ coins. There are many Hard Rock Cafés to visit but you´ll get a t-shirt there everytime, not an umbrella in NYC, a belt in Berlin and a boxer in Paris. Collections do look good if they have a certain coherency and in a showroom or on a shelf it looks far better and more coherent to have like 30 Primaris Lieutenants in a row than a seemingly random mix of minis. And except for Amalia Novena, I guess GW kept it coherent.

[@petermartin9224]

Maybe you should launch your own EoB contrast/wash range 😉 (I'd buy it!) I agree with the hair cut debate, knowing what they were going for, the hair, it never bothered me. Regarding the warhammer day, I think it's just an excuse to do a preview show 🤣 we'll probably get the 30k announcement there as well for those who want the plastic horus hersey figures. I was surprised by the vampire figure as I would have pegged them to just release another Stormcast Eternal character or an Orruk. Love the vid as always!

[@RageHelios]

Could turn those bad prints into terrain.

[@BurnsidesAP]

Last year's Warhammer Day mini was a Terminator Chaplain. I had to find one recently because they don't seem to sell a Terminator chaplain at all at the moment and I needed one for my Grey Knights -_-

[@GarredHATES]

I agree with the hair, when I first saw them I was like "thats Friar Tuck hair!"

[@AJBunBun]

Just imagine this huge 8ft 500lb armoured man walks into a barbers sits down and the barber places a bowl over his head and trims around it. Also gimme those speed paints. I gotta go fast.

[@MrCristoflanga]

Well, one thing is the haircuts being ugly, but I think there's also an issue of the hair "strands" being way too big and them just not looking at all realistic. I wonder if there's a better way to do it, maybe not right now.

[@USALibertarian]

Jay: "Toothpaste tubes don't let in temperature" Temperature: "Oh, I'm gonna come."

[@chrisbeau76]

It’s basically the Indominus captain with the relic shield In the same stance

[@mycatistypingthis5450]

I did not know I'd read temperature on toothpaste smut today, but here we are.

[@USALibertarian]

@@mycatistypingthis5450 you never know when it's going to pop up. You can't stop it, you can only hope to contain it. Temperature is hot. But seriously if you want to know how the sausage is made, no pun intended, (see what I just made your brain do?) the joke is that aluminum tubes don't keep temperature out. And temperature is not something you keep out. Well, technically I guess you could with a absolute vacuum or at theoretical absolute zero...but anyway. You can keep out heat flux but aluminum certainly doesn't do that. It was Jay who made the joke In the 1st place. I just tried to think of a clever way to highlight it and that's all that came to mind.

[@mycatistypingthis5450]

@@USALibertarian Yeah, I know a bit about heat conductivity and aluminium, mostly by doing dumb things like grinding through it while holding the metal with bare hands. I think he was talking about colour temperature though.

[@USALibertarian]

@@mycatistypingthis5450 He makes a great point about squeeze tubes not having any air head space to expose the paint to oxygen and dry air. I think he just meant to be silly by adding temperature.