GCSE Chemistry - States of Matter & Changing State #21

[@Cognitoedu]

If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision as easy as possible. The main features are: - Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown. - Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on. - Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like. - A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts. - A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic. Amadeus & Tom

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Thanks you I had a 96 in the GCSE exam

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[@eduauthor2030]

Hi feel free to check this video out! kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGK0p6CVn8ekiLs Thank you

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made me forget even more and ur saying its helpful james?

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A simple topic made even simpler! Wonderful job as usual... Thanks Cognito!

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i just had a whole lot of science revision to o and i only used videos from this channel to revise! heard your videos were good from a friend and I have to agree. it explains things ot easily and I understand straight away and the diagrams shown just make it even easier thank you, thanks to you, i think i might to ok in my science test!

[@Cognitoedu]

Ah thankyou, we're happy we can help!

[@THEEEJITS_topic]

do some practise tests as well to confirm your knowledge👍

[@kurodoggi3315]

Hi Cognito! First of all, thanks alot for this video, it has helped me with my revision for my exam week. I was wondering if Plasma would also be considered a state of matter? I'm not sure about this, just wondering

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi, yeah plasma is sometimes considered “the fourth state of matter,” but not always, and it's not covered in the GCSE course.

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Ayo I have exam to

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How lovely another video to watch for homework!!

[@sxmplychar]

This video is super informative, and the diagrams help so much. Thanks!

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This was such a useful video that explained everything I did in class. Helped me better understand. Good work!

[@Latitevo_official]

• Solids: Particles have strong attractions and are tightly packed in a fixed structure. Heating increases vibrations until they break free at the melting point. • Liquids: Particles have weaker attractions and can move around. Heating increases particle movement until they break free at boiling point. • Gases: Particles have very weak attractions and move freely. Heating increases particle speed, causing expansion or increased pressure. Cooling can condense gas into a liquid and further cooling freezes it into a solid.

[@fr1s254]

particle theory helps us explain how the party was in each state behave by considering each particle as a small solid inelastic sphere in solids there are strong forces of attraction between the particles where it holds them all close together in a fixed position to form a regular lattice structure and because the particles are fixed the overall substance keeps a definite shape and volume so can't flow like a liquid the particles can vibrate in their position though so if you imagine them constantly adjusting against each other now if we heat up a solid its particles gain more energy and start to vibrate even more which weakens the forces between them certain temperature which we call the melting point the particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds and the solid melts into a liquid in the liquids there are only weak forces of attraction between the particles so they're free to move around and are arranged pretty randomly however the weak forces of attraction do you mean that the particles tend to stick together and a fairly compact this means that liquids have a definite volume even though the overall shape can change and so flow to fit a container if we then heats up our liquid the particles will gain more energy and this will make the particles move around faster which weakens the forces holding the particles together and once we reach the boiling point the particles will have enough energy to break the bonds altogether and so the liquid boils or evaporates into a gas in gases the force of attraction between the different particles is of every week so they're basically free to move around by themselves this means that gases don't keep a definite shape or volume and instead will always fill a container had they spread out as much as possible we normally say that gases are constantly moving with a random motion and this can be a bit confusing because gas particles actually move in straight lines they don't randomly swerve what we actually mean by random motion is that particles can travel in any direction and they'll end up being deflected by solid walls or other gas particles randomly when we heat up a gas and the particles all get more energy and so travels faster the gas will either expand if the container it's in is expandable like a balloon or if the container is fixed then the pressure will just increase on the other hand if we cool the gas down enough then the particles weren't have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them and so bonds will start to form between the particles condensing the gas into a liquid then as we call the liquid even further the same thing happens the particles won't have enough energy to overcome the attraction between them and this time even more bonds form fixing the particles in place and freezing the liquid into a solid now the last thing we need to mention is that the particle model were used for explaining the states of matter isn't perfect. in reality particles aren't actually solid in elastic or spheres instead their atoms ions or molecules another issue is that the model doesn't include any details of the forces between the particles for example it doesn't consider how strong they are or how many of them there are that said models like theirs are still a useful simplification that allow us to understand a complicated concept.

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I learned more from watching videos of chemistry then in chemistry class

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[@syedamahnoorfatimazaidi180]

Hi Mr.Cognito! I have a question: Force of attraction and energy between the particles are INVERSELY related right? Like in cooling, when the kinetic energy between the particles DECREASES, the attraction INCREASES to make the bonds closer. In heating, when the energy INCREASES, the force of attraction DECREASES because the bonds overcome more force that makes them apart.

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thanks for the help-- this was really useful and i was able to take notes much more easily. thank you

[@YouTubePremium-gp6ds]

Hi cognito I really love your videos as I covered through all of the gcse content for biology in 3 weeks whereas I don’t learn anything in school, have you considered teaching A level biology and A level chemistry?

[@zahraaalzuwaid9367]

Amadeus I have a question about this topic. If particles in a solid are constantly vibrating then doesnt that mean that the object itself with also slightly vibrate or move?

[@yamanrabbiahmed3092]

You cant see particles with your naked eye can you? The same way those very tiny small particles vibrate at a such low amount that you cant feel or see with the naked eye. There are studies on it you can research

[@lime9565]

Hey cognito , I was wondering if you could add sublimation and decomposition as they are also in the GCSE specification

[@moonblaster764]

Is oobleck a solid and liquid?

[@kylekess5000]

Thanks im revising for an exam on particles

[@mintchocomon_86]

Same

[@afg_afc]

oh wow thank you so much! this really helped. btw I thought u guys only do math videos?

[@Cognitoedu]

Happy to help Homaira! And nope, we do maths and the three sciences 👍

[@englishlearninglessons899]

Hey, the state of matter video and kinetic theory video are exactly the same......and literally nobody here noticed that??????

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yes really!

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Yes I noticed 😙

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Loved this video keep up the learning

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That was such a good video explained so much.

[@ioneladiaconu9869]

Do you have any tips on learning this such as condensation or solubility ?

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Hello. I was wondering if bonds actually formed between particles when gas is cooled

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Do you have links to download these notes?

[@eduauthor2030]

Hi feel free to check this video out! kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGK0p6CVn8ekiLs You can view the layout on Instagram too: instagram.com/p/CGHUYsXnuME/? Thank you

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[@JJ-uf9gf]

Hi Cognito! First of all, thanks a lot for this video, it has helped me with my revision for my exam week. I was wondering if Plasma would also be considered a state of matter? I'm not sure about this, just wondering

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Yes it would be

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[@kermitface4602]

Why is No one Talking about the three other states?

[@yeetusfeetus7877]

The three most important states of matter are: Solids, Liquids, Gases.

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Yep I know it is just annoying cause I have been trying to find a vid that explains the other three but I can’t find anything

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gas particles do not move in a straight line they mve in randm directions.

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi, they only change direction when they hit something like a particle and a wall. In between they travel straight because there is no force present to change their direction (unless you consider gravity but that it negligible at this level).

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I’m a lot like gas, constantly moving with random motion 😂

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