GCSE Chemistry - Covalent Bonding #16

This video covers how covalent bonding works, how to show it with dot and cross diagrams, and the types of substances that covalent bonds can form.

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If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision as easy as possible. The main features are: - Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown. - Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on. - Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like. - A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts. - A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic. Amadeus & Tom

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[@Zufi1-1]

| Covalent Bonding | ⚛🔗⚛ --->The bond is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the bonded atoms. --->Only nonmetal elements typically participate in this type of bonding. --->Dot and Cross Diagram: 1. Electrons are shared: Show the shared pair(s) of electrons between the atoms. 2. Use dots (∙) for one atom's electrons and crosses (×) for the other. 3. Outer shells only: Draw only the valence (outer shell) electrons. 4. Octet Rule: Most atoms aim to have 8 electrons in their outer shell (except hydrogen, which only needs 2). 5. Overlap: Shared electrons are shown in the overlap region between the atoms. --->Single Bond: 1 shared pair → H−H Double Bond: 2 shared pairs → O=C=O Triple Bond: 3 shared pairs → N≡N

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at around 3:15, why can't nitrogen transfer an electron to each hydrogen through ionic bonding? because then they would all have two electrons in the outer shell which is a full one

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Instead, nitrogen tends to share electrons with other atoms, forming covalent bonds where electrons are shared between atoms.

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Because Nitrogen's electronegativity is not high enough to pull electrons completely away from hydrogen.

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