The Subarctic Climate - Secrets of World Climate #10

[@nordriket]

38 degrees recently in Verkhoyansk! As an inhabitant of a subarctic climate in Norway I must say this is a rather depressing one, especially from late September to late April. But you get used to it. It's only the few times I've visited warmer places that I realize how depressing this climate really is.

[@nordriket]

@@Geodiode Yep, even though the climate sucks, I'm grateful for the wealth and the fact that we have the ability to travel wherever we want. And we did have about 2 weeks of really spectacular weather recently. I recorded 31 degrees on Saturday.

[@excelvalentino6972]

as a person living in tropical rainforest climate 38 Celsius is insanely hot

[@oskarm646]

It has to be VERY depressive to live there. I live in Poland (dfb zone) the sun goes down at 4 pm. I wake up, and go to school when it's dark. And when I come back home it's dark again. I'm not even mentioning, that it rains all the time and I haven't seen the sun for 2 weeks so far. So I can't even imagine living further north.

[@mayankkumar4161]

@@excelvalentino6972 because it almost never reaches above 40°C in those places

[@r.a.6459]

@@mayankkumar4161 we never have long days and short nights, ours have almost always 12 hours day and 12 hours night.

[@JanFrilander]

I grew up in subarctic Eastern Finland. We lived on the edge of a village and the endless taiga was our neighbor. We went to play in the forest in all seasons. Snow is great fun. As kids and youngsters we did explorations to the forest and hills to see the views to the lakes from the cliffs higher up. We went into the forest when we wanted to talk in privacy as teenagers. Skills to find your way and manage in the nearby wilderness even in the cold winter days and darkness were taught to all kids from a very young age. It was also part of the school curriculum. The Finnish taiga landscape felt a very idyllic and safe place to grow up. There is less agriculture in Finland than in southern parts of Europe but it’s an important source of livelihood also in the subarctic parts. There are farms even as north as Southern Lapland. You can find quite large subarctic farming areas following the rivers inland from the Gulf of Bothnia in Western Finland. Farms here and there patching the taiga are common also in Eastern Finland. I wouldn’t say the subarctic regions of Scandinavia and Finland are hostile places to live. They’re actually very pleasant. All the buildings are warm and the infrastructure is excellent. The societies are well adapted to the climate. The pleasantly warm summers with white nights are glorious and the darkness of the winters makes homes feel very cosy. The towns and smaller cities with quite many services are not that far in most parts of Finland (they are far in Lapland). It’s common that people commute from the villages to the nearby cities. There are some vibrant urban centers in the taiga like Tampere, a very charming old industrial city between two major lakes. Tampere region is growing steadily so it might become the largest urban area in the taiga soon. Forests are a walking distance from home also for most of the urban population in Finland and there are 500 000 summer houses typically near the wilderness. For many Finns, the forests are a place to go in everyday life. We lived normal modern life as citizens of a Nordic welfare state there in the rural village. Finland subsidizes the countryside heavily to maintain a good service level for everybody. Some of my classmates in the village school needed to travel over 20 km along the forest roads, go over many bridges and even take a ferry to get home on the islands in the inland archipelago of the Finnish Lakeland. The municipality paid a group of taxis to drive the forest roads deep in the taiga every morning and afternoon to take the kids to school and back home.

[@JanFrilander]

@@Geodiode The North Atlantic Current keeps the climate of Finland and Scandinavia more warm and mild than in other areas similarly north. It helps farms to survive even north of the Arctic Circle. Very few farms are that far north though. Agriculture in Finland is heavily subsidized so it can compete in the European Single Market. Because of our history with major crisis situations and even famine it’s important for Finland not to become too dependent on international markets in food production. Finns were happy with this policy also in the early spring this year (2020) when the borders and international trade had disturbance and uncertainty due to the pandemic. We had no threat of running out of food even if the international trade would have stopped for a longer time. There are some greenhouses which produce vegetables all year around but mostly the farms have normal fields. The growing season is short but on the other hand the sun is shining even in the night during the summers. In 1866-1868, three years followed without proper summer temperatures. The lakes were frozen still in June. This caused “the great hunger years” and around 10 % of the Finnish population died in the last major naturally caused famine in Europe. The political idea “to keep the entire country inhabited” has lived long and strong in Finland. The urbanization continues and villages and towns lose population but most of the basic services are still maintained everywhere partly with the tax money from the biggest cities. The principles of universalism and equal access are strong in a Nordic welfare state. Finland is prepared to defend all its area and of course it helps if people live in all parts of the country. An important part of Finland’s success to keep its independence in the attempt of invasion by the Soviet Union in WWII was that Finns could take advantage of the knowledge of the landscape and climate conditions. Much fewer and more poorly materially equipped Finnish soldiers were hiding in the forests and waiting to surround and destroy the Soviet divisions on the forest roads in extreme cold winter conditions. The defence of Finland is still based on the idea we make it too costly and difficult to occupy and take control of our area. Finland has a mandatory military service for men and voluntary for women. Around a million reserve soldiers are trained to fight in the endless taiga and massive tunnel systems which are built deep into the bedrock under the cities and even under many remote forests with hidden storages of weapons.

[@Merle1987]

@@JanFrilander you have a real society.

[@Basheez]

I agree. They are very pleasant places to live. Peaceful, quiet, and beautiful. I personally find them very inviting.

[@Veriax549]

Wow! This is a very nice place to live, and Finland has its own challenges, considering this is a colder region in the world. I live in the Tropical areas, So the differences are really cool! I hope Finland is the right place for you.

[@blues4509]

Man I'm in love with the sub-arctic climate and by extension taiga. I've always found snow mystifying and sacred in a way so living somewhere in Scandinavia sounds like a nice dream. As a new yorker that sees snow once a year if I'm lucky and not many trees to speak of much less of the boreal variety I think I'd enjoy the winter lifestyle. Though I'd probably stick out like a sore thumb if I ever did decide to move somewhere around there haha

[@mooseears9849]

Fun fact: In Iceland, although summer temperatures hardly ever go above 60* F, it’s coasts , where most people live, usually don’t go below freezing either. The limbo of year round cold, but not extreme cold, gives it a Cfc (subpolar oceanic) climate

[@Geodiode]

Yep! Also the northern coast of Scotland almost never sees frosts. But their summers are only a little warmer.

[@taylorpearcy319]

This is what I love about the Northern US Rockies. We have this climate at reasonable latitudes, so we still get 8-9 hours of daylight even on the winter solstice. The downside is that the high altitude and (relatively) low latitude lend themselves to high UV intensity. Sunburn happens so fast, especially in summer.

[@thegreekstatue4503]

That sounds like an interesting place to visit :) - I'm from Portugal and during December, days are 9 hours long as well, so your latitude is probably not very different from mine.

[@taylorpearcy319]

@@thegreekstatue4503 Yea Europe on the whole is much higher in latitude than many of its climates might suggest, presumably because of the Gulf Stream. It’s weird to think that Lisbon is at a similar latitude to San Francisco, because Lisbon is much warmer

[@thegreekstatue4503]

@@taylorpearcy319 And the more north in Portugal you go the weirder it gets. My district in Portugal is almost at the same latitude as Toronto, Canada, yet we only experience negative temperatures about twice a decade and even in those two times it's usually not for any longer than 2-3 days. The lowest temperature ever that's been recorded here was -4.5ºC, about 20 years ago.

[@An-kw3ec]

@thegreekstatue4503 San Francisco actually matches well with coastal portugal, most of Portugal receives colder ocean currents than the Mediterranean making it Csb like california, Porto for example is colder than Spain's east coast at same latitude.

[@icewink7100]

Great job! I love these vids, you always choose the most beautiful footage for them.

[@st3llarmemer111]

Having lived in subarctic northern Manitoba as a child, and all the major cities within 10 hours of driving being borderline subarctic Winnipeg, Saskatoon, or Edmonton, I thought that most of the world had maintained snowpacks in winter except for places in or near the tropics (like California or southern US). I was wrong to realize that temperate places like Vancouver and Britain actually had very little snowfall, and actually took up a lot of the world. And even cities I thought always had snow in winter like Toronto (where I live now) actually didn't (hey at least we got snow at the time of writing this comment)

[@st3llarmemer111]

@@Geodiode yeah, that and the low latitude of only 43N keeps this city fairly warm in the winter. Northern Spain is at the same latitude as Toronto :P. Can't wait for all the special videos!

[@scriptyshake]

I grew up in the Mediterranean and as a kid I didn't think some people actually lived with snow all winter, the only time I saw snow was when going to the mountains. Since it never snowed where I lived I couldn't imagine some people just growing up having lots of snow every winter (i wish) xD

[@ibbi30]

Note that Iceland was not covered with Pine forests before human settlement, as that genus had not managed to spread there since the deglaciation 10 000 years ago (nor had any other conifer except for the juniper). Instead something like 15-40% of the country was covered in downy birch woodland with rowan and willow mixed in while some other parts of the country were pure willow shrub-lands. These birchlands had fallen to 1% cover by the 1900s. The European aspen may also be native to Iceland, but if so it did not manage to form large woodlands and is today a very rare species.

[@ibbi30]

Thanks and it was no problem :). Unfortunetly we don't have a time machine, but we have an interesting alternative. There are various naturally protected sites, steep cliffs and islets in lakes and rivers, which give you a glimps of the natural vegetation. Here is a link to a talk about one such islet, entirarly in Icelandic but with pretty pictures. kzbin.info/www/bejne/fp7QZ5SEnLWbrNE Fortunately progress is being made towards re-vegetation and reforestration. The forestry state service has been protecting birch woodland remains (and many birch woodlands have been protected for a century and should be reaching the native climax vegetation) and planting both birch and non-native species, often primarily for timber production, which has the potential to become a profitable industry in Iceland. Aside from planting there has been a relatively large natural growth, the birch woodlands expanding by natural means by 130 km2 between 1989 and 2014, which is a 10% increase, which has been connected with a reduction in sheep numbers from a historical peak, as well as climate change, showing that Icelandic woodlands have the capacity to regenerate them selves if left be. It would be interesting to see the effects of more drastic reduction on sheep numbers. That should be a cheap method of reforestation (in terms of money at least, I think its safe to say many sheep farmers want to remain sheep farmers), as sheep farming is highly subsidized and there is no planting cost involved. Things are looking that way now, with a high average age of sheep farmers and little replenishment of that class, and a promise from the government to reduce sheep production to the level of consumption (as there was economical overproduction and stocking).

[@ibbi30]

Yeah there is hope and like I said, grazing, the main cause of deforestation in Iceland and is still relatively high, is on the way down, so I am hopeful that the growth rate of the woodlands (which is now about 50% per 100 years judging by the 10% increase in 25 years) will increase. In addition to natural regeneration there will be continued planting, and recently forestry and restoration received a big grant. In total it is hoped that there will be forests in 12% of the country by 2100, whether that is met or not we will have to see. And yes, guilty of that :).

[@amirkwlful]

Excellent work : informative, detailed commentary, lots of maps, graphs, geo models and beautiful pictures. The cherry on the top is beautiful background music. The coverage of South Asian climate is is not up to the mark. But this series is one of the best.

[@Geodiode]

Many thanks!

[@pritoranta8705]

Terrific video! If you judge 'major cities' by size, you missed a couple Finnish ones: the university towns of Oulu and Tampere, with populations of 200k+ and 300k+, respectively.

[@trireskilestari4762]

Love your channel.

[@kka08]

extremely beautiful.. they help me a lot in studying world geography.. easy to remember!

[@paulbrower4265]

Oceanic weather in the warmest months -- ice cap in the coldest. Got it!

[@st3llarmemer111]

If Edmonton was just a degree or two cooler in May and September, it would be a subarctic city with 1 million people. So close, yet so far...

[@sillylillib1lly]

GeoDiode Iqaluit is probably the northernmost majorish city.

[@thephoenix3155]

GeoDiode do you mean Dfb/Dfc. Cfb/Cfc would be Northern Scotland, Southern New Zealand, the Alaskan Panhandle, and Southern Chile.

[@st3llarmemer111]

@@thephoenix3155 yeah that's what he means

[@st3llarmemer111]

@@sillylillib1lly Iqualuit has a population of 5k. If it's a majorish city, so would other northern towns like Inuvik.

[@Rhygenix]

Edmonton, North America's northernmost city above 1 million people

[@debrabeyond2220]

Beautiful Footage with Marvelous Narrative Skills

[@richardtorres2676]

Thanks for sharing your thoughts! Glad to know you like the channel!

[@blueflare726]

I just checked weather forecast for Yakutsk and there is like 30-35 celsius for the whole month. Subarctic is just amazing

[@Geodiode]

Crazy I know. I actually know someone from that city and they told me it's all real. They showed me a photo of themselves in the summertime, covered head to foot in clothing despite the heat because... they were covered head to foot in mosquitos 0.0

[@excelvalentino6972]

im surprised by how hot Yakutsk can get and i live at the equator and usually its 30~

[@r.a.6459]

Thanks to continentality, lack of moderating effects of the oceans.

[@AsianSodaWx]

Interesting note that Embarrass, Minnesota, USA has a humid continental climate bordering very closely on a subarctic climate... The reason is that areas considered subarctic are located not too far away to the north in Ontario. So while humid continental climate is the best representation of the climate in Embarrass, Minnesota, USA it's on the cooler side of it such that it could be considered subarctic if temperatures were just a bit cooler and there was less precipitation. nice video! (fall is here where I live Minneapolis,Minnesota,USA)

[@user-gx2mg9yf6r]

Northern Minnesota is subarctic it's part of the Canadian shield and it's at the south end of the boreal forest. It says it's warm summer humid continental because of the warm summer highs around 23-24°C or 73-75°F but you can compare this with places in Canada as far north as Dawson City, Yukon and Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories which also see summer highs of 23-24°C. Fort Simpson even shows higher daily mean temperatures than Embarrass, Minnesota during the mid summer months. Dawson City, Yukon averages 70 frost free days per year while Embarrass, Minnesota averages 72 days. Northern Minnesota also has colder winters than many northern European cities and even some Canadian cities that are classed as subarctic.

[@AsianSodaWx]

@@user-gx2mg9yf6r yeah i see

[@guodade2239]

@@user-gx2mg9yf6r The more northern townships of Saint Louis County - Embarrass is at the centre of the county - and Lake County are almost certainly true subarctic climates, but very few records exist and very few people live there.

[@AsianSodaWx]

@@guodade2239 oh yeah

[@lukanoob]

liked the video, I'm in Finland and would like to say that there is rarely permafrost here, and also that farming is very possible even closer to the north. Also major cities could have been mentioned better, for example Rovaniemi, that lies almost exactly on the arctic line, and is the biggest city by land area in Europe. I am almost sure some Scandinavian cities could've been also named.

[@boomboxxa]

Awesome production! Watching your videos from Finland. At 9:40 you say farming in these bleek subartic regions is impossible, but in Finland all the major agriculture cities are in the middle/central part of the country

[@suvi7641]

@@Geodiode Mostly Rye, Oat and Barley. Wheat also grows mostly in the south but that's barely on the humid continental side.

[@suvi7641]

@@Geodiode as late as in 1866 to 1868, 8.5% of the finnish population died in a famine after some cold and rainy summers, so before modern agriculture it seems to have been quite difficult. Between 1405 and 1856 there were 40 years with famine, so about every 11 years on average.

[@spaghetti-and-waffles]

I love the Tiger bit it the begin! I thought it was funny. Your series is so great. My science teacher is teaching this way, using your series (because of the corona virus). It's very helpful, thank you so much.

[@spaghetti-and-waffles]

@@Geodiode Yes. We are learning about biome next. Most likely, she will. Its hard to learn from how as a high schooler so your video make such a difference. Especially for her, as you can imagine. Thank you so much! :)

[@kabyzdoch]

​@@Geodiode well, actually it's not *that* close, because the stress in a word "taiga" falls at the last syllable, not the first one. but hey, nice job anyways. keep up the good content.

[@hanamantmunnolli6381]

Very informative. It's really helpful for my exam preparations. Thanks for such an overview.

[@Geodiode]

Glad it was helpful!

[@vijay-jay]

Beautifully edited and explained.... Learnt a lot.... Thanks for the videos

[@guodade2239]

Useful guide, but two points missing: - Arkhangelsk, on the White Sea at the mouth of the North Dvina River, is the largest city in the world with a subarctic climate, but was not mentioned here. Although on a frozen sea, it is still moderated enough by warm westerly flow to be free from permafrost (mean annual temperature 1.3˚C) - Permafrost in large parts of the subarctic climate region is DISCONTINUOUS, whereby there occur large patches of unfrozen subsoil depending on (e.g.) aspect amidst permafrost. Parts of the subarctic have SPORADIC permafrost, where islands of permafrost exist amongst unfrozen ground. For CONTINUOUS permafrost, the mean annual temperature must be below, not 0˚C or 32˚F, but about -5˚C or 23˚F, and permafrost will be sporadic at mean annual temperatures between 0˚C and -2˚C.

[@Droxal]

I almost screamed at 3:21, that's Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park and one of the most beautiful and lesser known spots in the Canadian Rockies. Definitely a must visit if you ever visit the Rockies!

[@Geodiode]

I definitely want to visit that whole region. Is it near Banff?

[@Droxal]

@@Geodiode It's just West of Banff National Park. Lake O'Hara specifically is part of a series of lakes and valleys that are formed from one continuous set of mountain peaks. The other (more popular) lakes include Moraine Lake and Lake Louise. Definitely worth going to all of them. Yoho National Park definitely has some other spots worth visiting, such as Yoho Valley and Emerald Lake.

[@Geodiode]

@@Droxal BUCKET LIST ITEM!

[@nevadahiker6661]

Awesome! I was raised in one of the least habitable climates in the world! Even though my channel in Nevada Hiker, I grew up in Alaska. I suppose I knew that on a subconscious level, but it is still surprising that more people live in the hot and cool deserts than the subarctic (by quite a large margin!)

[@Geodiode]

That's quite a transition - from one of the coldest to one of the hottest climates in the world!

[@Advait_thakur]

Great informative documentary beautifully made and presented

[@Geodiode]

Thank you very much!

[@princessB911]

This is my favourite climate dfc ,i wish to visit there.this video have a beautiful photos and favorite music,including 1:29,thanks for choosing such a beautiful scenario ; thanks geodiode,keep the hard work,and you give me more infomation;with some surprising facts,thank you! (I subscribed) I have a question: do sub-aritic Climates have developed major Cites? For viewers srolling the comments if you like subaritic climate like this If this is your favorite climate then like and reply together. Lets see how many like this (I subscribed) .

[@princessB911]

@@Geodiode l think you are right because I ask anyone to like if they like this climate but none did but I like this because of the mild warm or cool summers with cold winter with fluffy snow lasting months . Though I just choose the dfc version with milder winters instead of the colder Dfd with bitterly very cold winter and seriously I can't have winters below -38. I will like a Dsc climate also but it's too rare , Anchorage is a good example but is too far away from asia and Dwc the winter is too dry and my lips Will chap; Dwc winters may have scarcely any snow even though nearer to me then Dfc. But if I need to move there, I need to find a wet one influenced with ocean currents, Can you find the wettest subaritic place in eurasia? Plus l don't know why there are larchs conifers growing in my tropical rainforest climate Af

[@Basheez]

@@princessB911 Welcome to Finland. Tampere, Oulu, Kuopio, Seinäjoki, Rovaniemi, etc.

[@brijeshpatel9589]

REALLY AWESOME VIDEO AND DEEPLY INFORMATION.. KEEP IT UP BRO... 👍👍👍

[@FL_Outdoors]

What is the music that begins at 1:32? I love it! Amazing videos. I’ve watched the entire biome series. Being a big plant , Weather and climate nerd I love this stuff! You even mention Krummholz which almost know one knows what that is. There are disjunct subarctic areas along the Appalachians as far south as the Virginias. I have visited one many times in eastern West Virginia that sits on the high plateaux of the Eastern continental divide. Summers are cool to at times warm and winters are very long and brutal. Snow occurs as late as early mid June and as early as September. Frosts / freezes occur year round. It is mainly Spruce forest and there are areas more tundra / alpine meadow like with very broken spruce canopy with lots of stunted krumholz trees.

[@Geodiode]

Thanks, and I'm glad you found the channel! Good to get some local perspective on the Appalachians! All the music for this series can be found in a special video here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qXuvaXV9gMilhLc

[@sashiprabhadubey9177]

Fantastic video.

[@raginichotisingh]

Beautifully explained..

[@pamflets]

Good job! Interesting channel.

[@_SoBored]

Love The Larch joke reference! Great job in general.

[@Geodiode]

About the second only comment in years to have seen this. Thanks!

[@ЕленаМичурина-ж1й]

Thanks! Please make more video about siberian climate, cities, rivers, trees...

[@Geodiode]

Check out my "Taiga" and "Wetlands" videos in my Biomes series - there is a bit of time spent in each on Siberia.

[@kaisaheikkila]

Greetings from 300 km north of the arctic circle. I liked the trees in your video, they where so big, we don't have those here. And when you go up in the hills, they are completely gone and all that remains is stones, lichen and reindeer. It in my opinion isn't all that bad with the temperatures, because the air is so dry when it is cold it doesn't really impact you a lot, as long as you put some clothes on. But when it gets to -30 C or below, it starts to be a bit of a nuisance. I get random nosebleeds for example and your eyelids freeze shut because the moisture in your breath immediately freezes, but otherwise it's not that bad. Below -40 C it gets really annoying, but again, just put on some clothes and keep moving and you'll be fine. And as for your next holidays, you are all welcome to come visit us up here in Inari.

[@Geodiode]

Wow - thanks for writing from so far north - I think you are the most northerly comment so far in the channel! "-40 is a nuisance" - haha - typical Finnish understatement about insanely cold temperatures ;)

[@kaisaheikkila]

@@Geodiode There are a lot of Finns that are extremely uncomfortable with the cold, they will start complaining already when it is -10. But they tend to live in the southern parts. I guess only the people who like the cold or don't mind it stay up here.

[@Basheez]

@@kaisaheikkila -10 to -15 is the perfect temperature = paradise.

[@vikaskadian461]

Informative videos...

[@nilanjanachatterjee9023]

Excellent video 😊

[@Geodiode]

Thank you!

[@blueflare726]

It's just super amplified version of continental climate

[@sosreensarma79]

can anyone provide the link to the anchorage footage at 10:16

[@iesroo]

Great climate.

[@Geodiode]

If you like wind and rain ;)

[@rambultruesdell3412]

👍😊 Alaska's Cook Inlet and Lake Baikal reveal the true curvature of the 🌏👍

[@paladinhansen137]

great stuff!

[@davesing]

The... Larch. One rather harrowing aspect of the brief, bright Summers is the explosion of carnivorous Dipterans - Mosquitoes, Midges and other biting flies. They've got 50-90 days to do everything they need to survive. June and July in those forests will drive one mad. My experience is only at the Southern fringe, the Northern Great Lakes, Ontario and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

[@InciniumVGC]

I wonder why there are no tigers in North America considering there was once a land bridge connecting Asia with North America not too long ago, geologically speaking. I guess there probably were the saber toothed variety, but those went extinct, but you'd think the kind that are alive today would be here too.

[@Geodiode]

Yep, and horses too, which, ironically, came from the N.American prairies, migrated to Asia, but went extinct in their original land, and then later were re-introduced by the Spanish.

[@filrabat1965]

I hear speculation that it's due to 20,000 BCE level of human hunting techniques and technology - scarily efficient even by modern imaginations. That combined with wildlife's lack of experience with us pretty much doomed the megafauna (whether direct killing or inability to compete for animals with humans). That's why Africa still has megafauna. They lived beside early humans from the beginning. That let them adapt to humans.

[@johonanandrewgomes7593]

Iqaluit is the coldest city on earth if you take wind, humidity, UV index etc. It average yearly lows of -13c and averages -51c to -55c with "feels like" temps in winter.

[@johonanandrewgomes7593]

GeoDiode well iqaluit does not have a subarctic climate so it didn't matter for this video it's self. But Iqaluit is the largest city in Nunavut and is larger than verkoyansk.

[@johonanandrewgomes7593]

@@Geodiode sorry, no I don't live there. I live in southern Canada. You could take many picture from the internet if that's possible.

[@PremierCCGuyMMXVI]

Question: when you say ‘average’ temperature what is the baseline, 1991-2020?

[@albin4323]

I guess they compare to the so called "holy" 1961-1990 reference period despite being a unusually cold period compared to example 1931-1960

[@PremierCCGuyMMXVI]

@@albin4323 the 1991-2020 baseline was the warmest 30 year baseline tho, across most places of the globe

[@albin4323]

@@PremierCCGuyMMXVI Ok did i say something else or? In sweden 9 out of 10 single-day average temperature records are from the 1931-1960 period which still stands tall today, i really wonder when or if we will ever beat the 27,3c day on the 9th of july 1933 lol even july 2018 weren't even close to those values despite extreme heat.

[@PremierCCGuyMMXVI]

@@albin4323 source? Also now what I want you to do, take the high/low average temperature of the day, than do it for the entire year, divide by 365 (366 if it’s a leap year), find the mean average annual temperature for Sweden and plot it from when records began. You’d see an increasing temperature trend. Most cold records were also likely set in that time. You have to take an average and not cherry-pick.

[@albin4323]

@@PremierCCGuyMMXVI See again youtube removes the link, sorry i can't prove sources on this shitty manipulated as hell site.

[@javierhillier4252]

Its beautiful i live in Scotland and we learnt that uk Scotland hase a bit of boreal forest in it

[@javierhillier4252]

@@Geodiode shame thinking about it but I think there trying to get it back

[@benranson8424]

@@javierhillier4252 yes, as they are in England, but progress is excruciatingly slow. Even Iceland are only at 1% of their target to reforest their island.

[@SrinivasanV2707]

Does Tromso,Norway fall under this climate?

[@2000Blizzard]

It does

[@gowthamm4084]

Loved it.

[@Geodiode]

Glad to hear it! thanks!

[@gowthamm4084]

@@Geodiode I am a medical student but I had always loved history and geography especially climate sciences and geology. If I hadn't wanted to be a doctor, I would have been a meteorologist or a geologist.

[@raymondgough6070]

You forgot to mention the largest city with a Sub-Arctic climate!!! Arkhangelsk :O

[@raymondgough6070]

GeoDiode Still an awesome and informative video man 😍😍

[@mysteriousDSF]

Well you could've mentioned smaller but beautiful tourist destinations Reykjavík and Tromsø. Or even Rovaniemi. Fairbanks, Alaska is also a decent sized city, as well as Arkhangelsk in Russia.

[@princessB911]

I love your channel but tell me a list of why the subarctic is very lightly populated and why farming and agriculture is so hard?

[@Basheez]

Agriculture is harder because of the short summers (June to August). Historically people moved to southern lands where farming and commuting was easier.

[@tonk6813]

How about South America, Patagonia or Pacific side of Andes above terra del luego?

[@alaskanbullworm5500]

GeoDiode I think there are certain parts of the argentine/Chilean andes that sustain subarctic microclimates, at least that’s what is shown in many updates koppen maps

[@dr.a006]

I almost got sidetracked by the tiger in the taiga too😂

[@LLH961]

Grew up in the subarctic climate of fort Mcmurray Alberta; which is probably up there for one of the coldest places In Canada. Reading these comments it’s makes a lot of sense why a lot of hs move away

[@Geodiode]

Fascinating - you are a rare breed. It must have been... interesting having that perspective growing up. Some in the comments actually seem to want to move here. I'm not one of those! XD

[@thorin5591]

Dfc This is the climate type I live in here in Northern canada in Whitehorse Yukon. Short warm summers and Long cold winters.

[@Geodiode]

First shout out in the channel from the Yukon! Thanks for checking in! Another 2 months of winter to go?

[@thorin5591]

@@Geodiode Almost. We still have 1 month of winter weather before spring finally arrives here. Even in May we occasionally get snowfall lol.

[@krzysztofpl5871]

kurwa Super wideo!! Hallo od Buffalo, NY USA... urodzilem w Lublin, PL ^_^ STO LAT!

[@Miniman-hq1zn]

Why does the dry-summer Dsc variant occur?

[@ZRHTrainspotter]

Thanks to bordering Mediterranean (csa and csb) climates at high altitudes

[@jockatim]

Very nice video although I don't believe that most of the subarctic region has permafrost. In Sweden, where I live, permafrost only exists in the mountains in the far north. There is agriculture along the coast and in all river valleys of northern Sweden, although forests dominate.

[@Geodiode]

Glad you liked it. Most of the permafrost will be in Siberia. Interesting to confirm that in the "milder" European subarctic that you don't get it.

[@pepethesaddestfroginhistor2969]

Where I can find Dsd?

[@Guktodaechaeuhwedoro]

Nyurba has Dsd climate

[@kapuz-z4083]

@@Guktodaechaeuhwedoro No Nyubra is Dsc

[@muratdd1973]

Your videos make calm my soul

[@Geodiode]

Lovely to hear! You'd love my music to landscapes videos. They are at the end of the climate and biomes series

[@JustNierninwa]

Isn't the reason for all the lakes also partly that these were all under a thick layer of ice during the ice age and all the upper crust was swept away by the glaciers?

[@JustNierninwa]

@@Geodiode I thought the glaciers had ploughed the mountain-valley-like fjords and similar processes led to the formation of holes/lakes

[@paulbrower4265]

@@JustNierninwa That was true in places that do not now have subarctic conditions, including Minnesota (which calls itself the Land of 10,000 Lakes), Wisconsin, Michigan, and southern Ontario. What has happened is that the smaller lakes have since filled over time in a succession leading to forest. Broad valleys generally empty early lakes through a river. The large number of lakes in the subarctic climate zone show the slowness of succession because of the great reservoir of permafrost, the slow growth of trees, an d the low rates of evaporation. The Great Lakes of North America are deep lakes formed in deep and great valleys that will not fill in a very long time. These seem to be the result of tectonic activity that created the low spots.

[@shaynewhite1]

Well, in North America we don't pronounce "taiga" and "tiger" the same way but it's still a funny joke!

[@Geodiode]

I'm guessing that, unlike the Brits, you pronounce the ending "r" in tiger, right?

[@shaynewhite1]

@@Geodiode Definitely.

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

My favorite climate zone no doubt. Born in continental zone, but always wanted to move to colder places, nothing to extreme like tundra or arctic, but Taiga aka subarctic region. Taiga forests are extremely attractive to me especially Russian and Canadian north. Slightly got offended by your remarks that it is not a place to live or travel. Many people live there and are way healthier than counterparts in subtropics or hotter climates. For example people in Yakutsk go to work and school and daily life when its -50C - 60C :) Air is extremely clear and no mosquitos or plants allergies for allergic people (like me). Taiga forest are the real worlds lungs :)

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@Geodiode well whole northern russia, scandinavia or canada parts are in taiga zone, so many people actually live there, snowy northern parts dont have mosquitos

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@Geodiode since summer is very short there its not a problem. Also there are cities inbetween subarctic and tundra zones, those dont have problems with mosquitos

[@pritoranta8705]

@@NostalgicMem0ries At least in Finland there are either a lot of mosquitos - or an absurd amount of mosquitos - no matter where you live (except for urban areas). And Finland reaches tundra in the north. Also the tundra has the most mosquitos of all places in Finland (Finnish Lapland). The mosquitos disappear during July though, they are mostly only there to suck blood in the early summer.

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@pritoranta8705 whoa didnt knew that :O thanks for info, if i ever travel to north i will keep that in mind. btw does finland have even colder part without any mosquitos?

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@Kate M.H. i live in oceanic, and we barely have winters lol 1 2 weeks of snow, and barely goes to -15c... i prefer -20 25c and 3 4 months of snow :)

[@Oq00]

In Verkhoyansk the absolute maximum in 38.0°C (20.06.2020) - the hightest temperature recorded above the polar circle.

[@Geodiode]

Yes, this was after the video was made. I left a note in the sticky comment.

[@matthewmann8969]

First Nations or Amerindians for a alternative title need to form more of a barrier, shield, and force field

[@thephoenix3155]

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Banff, Whistler, St Moritz and Zermatt share this climate.

[@swiper8798]

What about St. John's in Newfoundland?

[@guodade2239]

@@Geodiode As I see it, subarctic climates may be the most poorly classified by Köppen of all groups. In southern Alaska, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and even more so in the Kamchatka/Kuril Islands region of Russia are climates classed as subarctic but which have far more in common with the subpolar oceanic climates of northwestern Europe, the Aleutians and far southern Chile. It has been my thought that a reclassification of climates in the subarctic and polar regions could see: Eo - oceanic subpolar with annual means above 0˚C (no permafrost) Ec - continental subpolar with annual means from 0˚C to -5˚C (discontinuous permafrost) Ehc - hyper continental subpolar with annual mean below -5˚C (continuous permafrost) EH - subalpine (1-3 months above 10˚C due to extreme altitude rather than latitude) FT - polar tundra FTH - alpine tundra FF - polar ice cap FFH - alpine ice cap

[@raphlvlogs271]

can wild fires be native to these areas?

[@Geodiode]

Absolutely. Please watch my "Taiga" video in my Biomes series for more info.

[@Rhygenix]

My favorite climate

[@inishmor]

That moment he said biome Bruh Only real gamers will understand

[@xephy89]

Did you think biome was a term only used in minecraft/gaming...?

[@yvanndufour-tremblay4753]

pas mal!

[@Basheez]

You did not mention Oulu, Finland and Tampere, Finland. Both are bigger than Norilsk. Oulu has a population of almost 200,000 and Tampere over 200,000.

[@Geodiode]

Yes this has already been mentioned in the comments, and was an oversight.

[@Troynjk]

Nice

[@Noone-ef3cg]

Why is there some taiga biome In Scotland, but it’s not as cold, but still relatively cold

[@Geodiode]

It's a good question, and is somewhat debatable. Note that Iceland is also considered naturally Subarctic (it was once covered in coniferous forest), but that island doesn't get as cold as Siberia either. In terms of climate, the Cairngorms of Scotland are actually Cfc (Subpolar Oceanic), and not Subarctic.

[@thephoenix3155]

You forgot, areas of Scotland has a subarctic climate.

[@thephoenix3155]

GeoDiode you're right the Cairngorms is the snowiest place in the U.K.

[@swandips3271]

Hi from Winnipeg.

[@mikeygordon211]

This climate have weakest sunlight on earth unlike humid subtropical climate that receive direct sunlight in summer that allow tree to grow high. I favor humid subtropical monsoon climate that winter low temperature are above 10 celsius.

[@justslidemsphm1208]

The weakest should be EF, because all zones basically situated on the top or on the bottom. The sunlight can't reach those regions stronger than even in subarctic.

[@NFSGTR7]

How are you going to not mention Edmonton Alberta

[@Geodiode]

Because it's not subarctic. It's continental :)

[@ЗазекаАндрійВікторович]

Удивительний мир

[@parentschoicetutoringllc9366]

THE LARCH. (I see what you did there. . .)

[@josephinem4818]

@@Geodiode It's funny that KZbin suggests the Monty Python sketch at that point!

[@josephinem4818]

Or was that you? (I'm not very technologically in the know....)

[@jackpowell8864]

And just one other thing I’m not trying to be mean or anything but I don’t think it’s true that that area of Russia had the coldest temperature outside of Antarctica recently the coldest temperature in the northern hemisphere was recorded in Greenland I believe look it up it was at Klink research station

[@Geodiode]

You're correct - somehow this got missed out. Not to remove Greenland's crown here (by the way, that is an Icecap climate there, not Subarctic), but the ice sheet over Greenland is at a much higher altitude than Siberia, so I still think Verkhoyansk is all the more impressive as it can get so cold at much closer to sea level.

[@shashankhrishikesh1573]

Is it just me or is there a glitch in the middle

[@coltendavison9431]

I kinda was born in taiga because I was born in south lake Tahoe in California and it has large pine forests.

[@coltendavison9431]

@@Geodiode ok

[@paulbrower4265]

South Lake Tahoe is either Csb or Dsb, depending on the thermal boundary for January. It definitely has a dry summer. It has four months of daily temperatures above 10 C, so it isn't boreal. Of course, mountains above town might be cooler in September.

[@marcelo8405]

lmao @ the tiger

[@davissae]

Canada and Russia have joined the chat

[@ian.r5261]

2:37 fooni joke!

[@raphlvlogs271]

a climate zone that is actually shrinking due to climate change.

[@thesentry9838]

European subartic climates are a lot warmer than north america and asia lol minnesota has colder winters than most of sweden, and is humid continental with warm summers, european climate sucks

[@JokaTHePatriot]

No....

[@thesentry9838]

@@JokaTHePatriot No what ? Prove that stockholm is colder than minneapolis in winter months.

[@JokaTHePatriot]

@@thesentry9838 Going to pick out one city in the south? Do your own research, your Minnesota does not have anywhere near temperatures of inland Scandinavia, which has subarctic climate mentioned here.

[@thesentry9838]

@@JokaTHePatriot International Falls is colder than kiruna, and minneapolis is also south Minnesota, Hell even grand forks ND is colder tham Kiruna.

[@thesentry9838]

@@JokaTHePatriot Its just North America is far colder than europe in winter.