The Continental Climate - Secrets of World Climate #9

[@Geodiode]

The Continental Climate - home to so many of you, I bet! If you live in one of these zones, say hi, and let us know your local's perspective!

[@thejacksta4661]

I love in Oceanic climate cfb

[@eustress7428]

Though you asked "are you mashchists?" in the oceanic climate video, having both scorching hot summer and freezing cold winter, I think the true masochists would like this place even more.

[@perrylim9728]

Been to Nikko before in Tochigi it was so nice expericing the below freezing temperatures and even some slight blowing snow in December! @Geodiode

[@nathanfosdahl7525]

I agree with everyone saying that this channel is underrated. Just, wow! I'm using it to teach a world geography class but I keep finding myself distracted by just watching and learning from your videos myself.

[@gauravkumrawat640]

One the most underrated youtube channel i came across, keep up the good work.

[@HistoricalHindsight]

This is extremely interesting, keep up the good work!

[@docgun5019]

@@Geodiode Does the canadian counties of Chatham-Kent, Elgin, Essex in Ontario and the Niagara Peninsula of Canada belong to Dfa/dfb climate cause it shows that those regions belong to *dfa climate* including the City of Toronto and montreal. Can anyone answer my question please??

[@dankenk]

All them truly are a continental climate. When it comes to Toronto, Toronto used to have a Dfb climate, but urban heat island makes the center of the city be a Dfa hot summer climate. It kind of bordering both anyway.

[@xXG00Z3Xx]

Stockholm, Sweden here! Temperatures can really shift a lot here. You can for example have 10-30 degrees celcius during summer and -15-10 degrees celcius during winter.

[@Zimno911]

ah, nothing beats Lubelszczyzna Poland 22-38 summer -28+15 winter

[@dankenk]

@jonjon94 a very interesting region. With the south featuring a cold semi arid climate. Part of the prairie

[@dankenk]

The best climate type in my opinion. I love to feel the big differences between the 4 seasons

[@nicolasforestell3563]

This series definitely deserves more views! I’ve lived in Boston, Massachusetts (Dfb) for the past year having moved from my hometown of San Francisco (Csc.) We certainly feel the influence from the ocean here with winter storms intensifying over it and humid summer air promoting the development of thunderstorms. While my first winter here was mild compared to normal we still received occasional bitter cold from the arctic along with occasional mild, even warm temperatures from the south. We also had several snowstorms including one that dumped a foot of snow. Spring and Fall are definitely transitional seasons with winter and summer weather possible as well as mild conditions. This May we had 80 degree temperatures followed by flurries a week later! Summers are hot making me think with climate change we’re more of a Dfa, heatwaves are common but occasionally cool air from the north or the ocean moderates temperatures. Overall, a true blend of continental, subtropical, and oceanic influences!

[@nicolasforestell3563]

GeoDiode Interesting, id love if you could make a video about that!

[@sm3675]

Lucky. SF has one of the best climates in North America. Mild winters and cool summers

[@paulbrower4265]

@@sm3675 San Francisco has the paradise Csb climate (it is Csb --- all months are technically summer if one goes by the 10C winter isotherm) But if the winter rains disappear, San Francisco goes BWh like northern Chile. Temperatures might still be mild even in the summer, but the lush foliage vanishes. Yes, San Francisco has recently had years in which it gets less rain than Phoenix, which really is desert.

[@paulbrower4265]

San Francisco is Csb. Summers are typical of summers in a place like Edmonton (except for being bone-dry), but winters are typical of winters in Houston. San Francisco looks subtropical and really is because it has such a weak winter. The sun may beat hard in San Francisco, but the on-shore breeze is much colder than what one feels at the ground level. The ground may be 30C (86F) while at head-level the temperature is around 15 C (59F). San Francisco-area beaches are warm. Then again, it is also at nearly the same latitude as Death Valley. The only connection between San Francisco and a continental climate is that San Francisco has a near-antithesis except for no summer rainfall.

[@An-kw3ec]

@paulbrower4265 San Francisco's climate feels basically like a subtropical highland but at sea level just like san diego. The only places that match that climate are the temperate mountains of peru.

[@kka08]

your videos so informative, beautiful to watch and soothing! keep it up! love them!

[@docgun5019]

@@Geodiode Does the canadian counties of Chatham-Kent, Elgin, Essex in Ontario and the Niagara Peninsula of Canada belong to Dfa/dfb climate cause it shows that those regions belong to *dfa climate* including the City of Toronto and montreal. Can anyone answer my question please??

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

My native climate zone. Im from Lithuania, baltic/eastern europe region. Must agree about deepest 4 seasons, winter is cold, snowy -20C -10C, at spring millions of plants and trees blossom, its so beautiful 10C 15C, summer is pretty hot and sunny 20C 30C, and autumn is beyond comparison most colorful season but rainy 10C 0C. Sadly in last 40 50 years weather became hotter because global warming, in past my parents and grandparents experienced -30C -40C winter and 30C 40C summers and deeper spring/autumn, while today most seasons overhauled by rainy weather similar to oceanic zone like in Great Britain. Still love various seasons, not locked to extreme hot or cold like other biomes.

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@Geodiode yeah those few weeks per moth are my most favorite times to enjoy nature for sure, sadly each year it is warmer and less snow

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@Geodiode well since i have allergies for some spring and most of summer plants , i cant imagine life in warm places ;\ and not just because of that, somehow i feel relaxed and happier in colder and most important snowy places, snow makes world white and more aesthetic, black dirt, mud, rain is depressing

[@69Zuzzie]

@@NostalgicMem0ries I can recommend Kiruna in the north of Sweden, which I left since I wanted summer and vegetation over snow and cold summers. Sure some have problems with allergies but most for very short periods each year. 😉

[@oskarm646]

Agree with you. Due to the climate change, the climate zones are moving and changing. I live in North Poland. It rains quite a lot and intensive, but we also experience lond periods of drought. And during winter, it feels like it rains all the time, and snow is a thing of past. This winter (2021) was different tho. - 10C lasting for a whole week and thank God, we experienced some snow :)

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@oskarm646 haha same here, rain is most of time, last winter we had best winter in last 20 years imo. it reached -25C and we had 3 weeks of crazy much snow, i seen that amount only when i was kid in 90s :) But strangely this cold and snow came in february that is unusual cause in march its spring, in past cold was around christmas or after new year in january, same with summer it moves to august and september a bit , its strange phenomenon

[@zulthyr1852]

In my worldbuilding project, I have a slightly wet continental climate. It has monsoons as well, but it mostly falls on April to June rather than mid-summer. Most of the periphery seasons are warm.

[@zulthyr1852]

@@Geodiode No. I'd dm you on Discord, I'm Zulthyr#7428

[@bethlectic7532]

Thanks so much for making these! You go in to a lot of detail but explain everything in a way that's simple and easy to understand. Also, the videos are always beautifully put together. Very helpful and enjoyable to watch.

[@eustress7428]

Ah, Seoul, the Dwa. Love it or hate it, you can / must experience both extreme cold and hot, dry and wet in a single year. And, though it's freezing in winter here, surprisingly, it is located on a latitude lower than Sacramento(CA, USA), Seville(Spain), and Athens(Greece). The difference of ocean and continent is huge indeed.

[@Geodiode]

That's the Siberian High for you in winter, blowing all that cold air out to the coast, with Seoul being in the way. I talk more about this in my Asian Monsoon video. And, thanks for the public subscription, by the way!

[@mayankkumar4161]

The summer are still very very humid and hot

[@nordriket]

I noticed a tiny spot in northern Yukon, Canada that seemed to be dfb. That is quite remarkable if it's true. Where is this?

[@kapuz-z4083]

Yeah that's an error, it's been fixed in newer maps.

[@blueflare726]

I live in Minsk, Belarus and here we can have up to 30-35 in summer and in winter there was a whole 2 weeks of -25. I just love this climate

[@Geodiode]

Thanks - I think that's the first comment from Belarus! I'm glad you like the climate, as many in the US who experience the same have no love for it! (Personally I would like to experience full four seasons).

[@paulbrower4265]

Southern Michigan. Dfa. People here seem to dislike the summers enough to take their summer vacations farther north (Dfb, where summers are slightly cooler) and retirees often move to Florida when they retire (warm side of Cfa and areas barely in the A climates. Florida has Af (Jupiter), Am (Miami) and Aw (Key West, bordering on BSh), as well as Cfa (Tampa-St. Pete, Orlando). Maybe grain farmers can get away with this. People who have the choice do not pick Dfa extremes of tropical heat and polar cold. Summers are sticky enough for air conditioning, and winters are cold and snowy. Global warming seems to be bringing Cfa conditions nigh in such places as Detroit (heat island) and the lakeshore of Lake Michigan.

[@anthonykhan1676]

​@@paulbrower4265Americans really don't appreciate the continental climate enough

[@amiinsofly]

@@paulbrower4265I agree with your analysis I don’t live to far from southern Michigan in southern Ontario (GTA) we are in the northern reach’s of the dfa climate, I’ve noticed summers getting longer warmer Septembers and Octobers warmer summer nights longer heatwaves the cfa boundary is definitely creeping northward

[@metalwarrior6657]

You should also mention that continental climate is home to the most fertile soils, chernozems. That is a good treat for surviving these harsh winters! Greetings from Czechia!

[@sreedevisodanapalli1010]

I heard the prairie soil was so fertile it broke the plows.

[@ssssaa2]

@@sreedevisodanapalli1010 thick and deep. It wasn't utilized properly until steel plows were invented, before that in North America agriculture was relegated to the forested areas of the east with thinner soils.

[@paulbrower4265]

These areas were also slow to get civilized. The high fertility went into thick forests that kept the Romans from bringing their almost-modern mass society into what are now the Czech lands, Poland, and central and eastern Germany. What are now Vienna, Budapest, and Belgrade were rough Roman frontier posts. Snowfall protects the groundwater in the winter and keeps the soil nutrients intact for the plants of the next season. Rainfall is light enough in the summer to prevent gully-washing torrents from washing away topsoil before plants get entrenched. The Dfa climate holds some of the rich black earth. It is worth noting that the Hungarian Plain, Wallachia (southern Romania), and most of Ukraine are barely humid enough for non-irrigated farming... and almost "cold steppe". But that is excellent for wheat, one of the most economical crops for water use. But winters are cold enough to ensure that only one crop can be raised per year.

[@perrylim9728]

@@paulbrower4265 I heard that Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, with the Dwb and Dwa continental monsoon climate also have black soils too, growing rice and wheat every summer, just like any other continental climate zone, only one crop can be grown per growing season during the summer rainfall peak. Irrigated by the great rivers of the Northeast China region specifically the Songhua River, a tributary of the Amur River

[@tsenavi]

The climate I grew up in, even though I don’t like it and prefer Oceanic climate I’m glad I could experience 4 seasons to the fullest

[@tsenavi]

@@Geodiode Ukraine :)

[@SamuelGarcia-jj2vk]

I love the oceanic climate

[@Alice-gr1kb]

I can definitely see the no dry season in my city. It snows a lot and rains in summer

[@Alice-gr1kb]

GeoDiode I also see the huge temperature swings. Currently is about -5°C every day in the winter but in the summer it's about 25-30°C

[@kemalmusthafa779]

which city/country did you live?

[@jbebing3626]

Some didn't like this climate but if I could give a chance to live to another climatic zone in my life, I would definitely choose this. I like the polarization of cold, snow and hot sun during winter and summer seasons. Also in this climate, autumn foliages are really bright. I currently live in Aw climate, and maybe soon I wish I could experience continental seasons! 😀

[@ByronBillings]

Ive lived in this climate for most of my life, and I enjoy it for the reasons you've stated. I like to have full seasons and the drastic change between the hot summer and cold, snowy winter. Indeed, the autumn here in Ohio is quite beautiful as well.

[@perrylim9728]

Seoul was so beautiful in autumn!

[@Daniel-wk6yg]

I lived many years in the rare DsB subtype. Four distinct seasons, cold wet winters but a warm and very dry summer which makes it prone to summer forest fires.

[@Draber2b]

I lived several years in the oceanic climate of West Germany, and moved to Poland. Just a 1000 km and the winters are way colder (summers only slightly cooler). The winters are also pretty damn dry (more than twice as dry as summer) at beloe 30 mm a month, so it's rarely white.. West Germany had even and higher precipitation Climate change is expected to make it Poland much drier, instead of warmer. Forest-fires are rare but increasing

[@princessB911]

Amazing series and videos you have made , l have visited this climate dfb and dfa both when I go to Hokkaido of japan (also visited Sapporo)

[@segfault1361]

Interestingly Southern Ontario is borderline Dfa/Dfb, so it's mostly Dfb but has small pockets of Dfa that are not necessarily where you expect. Windsor is Dfa but London (Ontario) just north is Dfb. Niagara Falls is Dfa but nearby St. Catherines is Dfb. Toronto is Dfa but all the suburbs around it is Dfb because the urban heat island effect keeps Toronto's summer nights warm enough. Then in Eastern Ontario, we have Cornwall which is very close to Dfa and warmer than London despite being further north.

[@senorkenyon3306]

I spend my summers in a dsb (dsa?) climate (Flagstaff, AZ). I think it’s best described as a dry boreal climate. As if you put a forest in a cold steppe. For plant life, we have scattered pine trees with a mostly lifeless underbrush, most of the year the ground is covered in pine needles and not much else.

[@Geodiode]

I once had the idea of moving there (I'm a big astronomer). It sounds like a beautiful climate, and all those ponderosas...

[@paulbrower4265]

@@Geodiode That's a cooler, moister version of what would be a hot desert (think of Needles CA, Las Vegas NV at a similar latitude to the west or maybe Albuquerque NM to the east) due to high altitude. Altitude effects can be shown in Arizona along old US 89: Phoenix is hot desert (BWh), analogous to Cairo, Egypt. Wickenberg has a little more vegetation as hot semi-desert at BSks. Prescott is definitely Mediterranean without the sea. Flagstaff is near the definitional boundaries between Cfa, Csa, Dsa, and Dfa. Analogues in California include Palm Springs, Fresno, Walnut Creek (a suburb of San Francisco), and... Truckee?

[@baruscream7279]

Visited Flagstaff in autumn last year. I would consider it a cold desert though. It amazed me how cold and high it was and how, as you moved closer to the Grand Canyon and Monument Valley, the climate, the flora and the landscape changed completely. Beautiful place. Loved the Lowell Observatory and I highly recommend the Los Altos Mexican food. Greetings from the subtropical highlands city of Quito, Ecuador!

[@Blackstar1701]

i live in a warm summer continental climate with even rainfall! its a very nice climate. i love it. i love the changing of the seasons. i like that we dont have to worry about drought. and that we have hot summers. its so nice. i also like the cold winter for outdoor activities such as skiing

[@Geodiode]

Same here!

[@natyis9368]

thanks for using our support and merry christmas

[@dreamertraveller2635]

I’m from Russia Moscow. Actually we have more deeper variety of temperatures here. Some summers we can have +30 degrees, and some winters -20. Also the huge impact has climate change. For example the last winter in 2019-2020 was pretty mild, from +2 to -5 which is crasy warm, we have such temperatures only in fall.

[@netook8]

2021 was a particularly extreme year in Alberta Canada. Winter dropping to -45C and summer reaching 42C

[@Supersonicgamer1]

Are you using imperial or metric

[@eustress7428]

​@Supersonicgamer1 summer with 30 degree is definitely metric

[@Supersonicgamer1]

@@eustress7428 I thought it was always cold in Russia

[@anubhavgautam7619]

It's my first view on your videos and now I'll be yours regular viewer...🤗

[@remyavm7136]

Great work 👍 Shows beauty & secrets of nature and its climate .I enjoyed well with those posts given in these video.I loved it

[@DnaKGames]

real professional level work here brother, you deserve many more subs

[@Geodiode]

Thank you so much 👍

[@stormspirit9783]

Interesting how as you go further East into Eurasia, the winters keep getting colder, but the summers remain similar to Western Europe, all the way well into eastern siberia.

[@Geodiode]

Actually the summers get a little hotter, due to the diminishing influence of moderating oceans.

[@bale-mulhouseclimat2270]

I live in an atypical place...in eastern France, near the mountains. The climate is Cfb (oceanic) but closely bordering on a Dfb (continental) due to the low temperatures in January (average day/night 0,9°). This is very rare because generally, France is known for its marine west coast climate...The proximity with the mountains has a cooling effect on the climate haha ;)

[@bale-mulhouseclimat2270]

GeoDiode No, not far from Savoie but I live at one of the southernmost points of Alsace, near the Swiss border and not far from the two Savoies.

[@bale-mulhouseclimat2270]

GeoDiode Totally, I guess you are almost a real Alsatian citizen ! :))))

[@PremierCCGuyMMXVI]

I live in Middlesex County, New Jersey, USA so we have the Cfa climate type (as well as like ninety percent of my state lol), but northern parts of my state such as Sussex and parts of Passaic and Warren have the Dfa climate types and the higher peaks of the Appalachian mountains that run in the very far northern parts of Sussex county have the Dfb climate type. In Sussex county, the average (1991-2020) July maximum temperature is 83°F (28°C) while the average January minimum temperature is 18°F (-8°C). While the average July high is 83°F, the hottest temperatures of the summer in the county pretty commonly get to 90-95°F but rarely hit 100°F (although due to high humidity the heat index can easily hit the century mark) while in the winter lows can get quite cold, the average for January is 18°F but the coldest nights can bottom out at -5°F to -10°F. I’ve gone camping and hiking in Sussex County and even though it’s only like 50ish miles north, the climate is definitely much different than further south, close to the coast, or closer to NYC. I’d say the Dfa and Dfb parts of New Jersey are like on average 5-10°F colder than NYC.

[@musicformed]

Why does your world map have big lakes in Northern Africa? I checked on google earth and they are not there, am I missing something?

[@GettyTV2]

GeoDiode They’re areas below sea level that the map must assume to just be water

[@TheLucidDreamer12]

People who haven't been to the Dwa/Dwb areas of China don't really know how surreally harsh this variant is. The summers have a similarly high humidity to the Cwa and Cfa areas just south. The winters are bone-dry. This makes the summers feel much hotter and winters much colder than the temperature graph suggests. The Dwa and Dwb variants are the worst of the habitable continental types.

[@Guktodaechaeuhwedoro]

Seoul is also Dwa and I think this climate is still better than several other climate types. Just my opinion but the worst climate among the habitable climate type should be Aw/As. Like, burning temperature all year-round with the continuation of changes from the desert-like dry season to the wet season containing numerous heavy rains.

[@An-kw3ec]

The Aw variants of Southern America can sometimes be quite mild, the southern Amazon can stay at 23-25 degrees Celsius due to the huge amount of rivers crossing the Amazon, almost never rising over 35 degrees. In the other side, the Savanah variant is almost always super hot.

[@fccc3379]

Honestly I would probably prefer a colder, drier winter than a warmer winter that regularly gets a lot of winter storms. Winter storms, like blizzards, heavy snow, sleet, and freezing rain are no joke.

[@andreaswestman2365]

Falun, Sweden here! Falun is at the border of subarctic, but the global warming has turned the climate to be doubtless Dfb. Wide temperature ranges, more than Stockholm, 3 hours SE. Snow on the ground 4 months/year normally, but less snow and shorter winters now due to the global warming. Sometimes very hot summers, among the hottest in Sweden. Sometimes very short spring! Moderate precipitation throughout the year. Dryer and colder air through winter than the coasts of southern Scandinavia, and less wind. A great climate! People here love to do outside activities in the pineforests, the mountains and on the lakes all year round in this region as mountain biking, XC skiing, Alpine skiing, ice skating, fishing, hiking, canoeing

[@justslidemsphm1208]

Thanks for explaining. Seoul here is Dwa but sadly if the global warming continues, this region could be the first to be altered to category C, precisely Cwa.

[@paulbrower4265]

On the other side, New York City was Dfa about a century ago, and such cities as Louisville and Cincinnati were borderline. Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, and Boston might find the C-D line passing through fairly soon. Warsaw and Kiev -- likewise.

[@mooseears9849]

As someone from Kansas City, I share your pain

[@perrylim9728]

so too could Beijing

[@AsianSodaWx]

Hi From Minneapolis,MN and nice video

[@standin.excaliblur7510]

interesting video! you deserve more subs in my opinion. by the way, why do northern japan(tohoku region and hokkaido) falls under continental climate instead of oceanic climate(like UK), given its geographical location? sorry for my bad english ya, im from southeast asia

[@standin.excaliblur7510]

@@Geodiode thanks!

[@igorgerlovin3185]

I lived in a continental climate all my life: I was born in St. Petersburg, but lived most of my life in northern NJ. Humid Continental is without a doubt my favorite climate type, and I wouldn't want to live in any other climate. I love the warm-to-hot summers (minus the humidity), and springs and autumns that are filled with cherry blossoms and red maples, respectively. As far as winters go, I like them frigid and very snowy; ideally, a winter wonderland for 3 months straight. Although NJ has moderately cold winters, we still get our share of mild, wimpy winters too. Ideally, therefore, I would prefer winters that are significantly colder. Cold, snowy winters are so beautiful and so much fun; the so-called "snowbirds" are missing out big-time.

[@sonounguerriera]

Hi! I wished to comment about how wonderful this series is, and the website... it is so very helpful and we are very grateful to you for giving us such great knowledge in such a simplified manner... Köppen's classification seemed so hard without you 😂💕 so, thank you very much from the bottom of our hearts 💗 There is one typing error in the website for Continental climate, it has been referred to as 'Cfa' and 'Cfb' at certain places... i wished to mail this to you but there was no way, i feel so bad to point out this little typing error in such a wonderful series but i just wish it to be corrected xD😍 thank you very much really! YOU ARE SOOO very wonderful and generous for helping us students... thank you, thank you, thank you!!!❤ sending you lots of happiness and love 💖💖💖💖

[@taylorpearcy319]

What is significant about the -3C(26F) temperature in defining a continental winter? It seems a little arbitrary from my point of view. Does anyone know why Koppen chose this temperature? And yes I know that some climatologists today use the freezing point to define a continental winter. Just curious about why Koppen chose 26 Fahrenheit

[@taylorpearcy319]

So i may have found somewhat of an answer, though I’m hesitant to embrace it since I found it on Wikipedia 😬 On the Wikipedia page for the continental climate, it says that Koppen found the -3C isotherm to be associated with the southern extent of winter snowpack in Europe. For reasons which I still don’t understand, it says that the freezing point is more commonly used for the continental winter definition in the United States. So, perhaps those 3 degrees Celsius of lower average temperature are the difference between snow that “sticks” versus snow that melts in a matter of hours? That might make sense because here in Salt Lake City, we average around 60 inches of snowfall but winter temperatures average -1 Celsius, and the snow that falls here typically melts the same day that it falls. Perhaps that’s why it’s ultimately considered to be a cfa (according to Wikipedia) but is close to a dfa

[@paulbrower4265]

I have spent my childhood and middle age in southern Michigan, and I can notice a tendency for winters to get milder. I have experienced -22F (-29C) in 1972, a temperature cold enough to cause soft-drink bottles to break in a partially-shielded walkway. (OK the bottles chilled to just below freezing, but long enough to allow them to break). Although an occasional cold snap can drop temperatures below 0F in the winter, I am noticing much longer winter thaws. May used to be spring and September used to be autumn, but they are now summer. November used to be wintry, but it is now autumn, and December is cold without being particularly snowy. January and February are still winter, but March is becoming iffy. "White Christmases" used to be the norm but they are more sporadic now. Supposedly the C/D line is headed north, and it has already gone from near Louisville to near Indianapolis. Detroit (heat island) will be the first place in Michigan to get a C climate (Cfa) possibly in my lifetime with some towns on Lake Michigan getting Cfa (Benton Harbor) or Cfb (Muskegon) soon after that.

[@Geodiode]

Thanks always good to get a local's perspective.

[@paulbrower4265]

@@Geodiode From someone approaching age 70. Climate change is clearly perceptible in my lifetime.

[@jakubpociecha8819]

A similar thing has been happening here in southern Poland for a couple of years now. For example, this year snow fell relatively early (in the last week of November) and stayed on the ground for a few weeks, but then beginning about a week ago temperatures rose above freezing and the snow began to melt. There are still a few patches of snow in our yard, but it won't last for long because today the temperature is a couple of degrees above freezing. Seems like we're transitioning from a Dfb climate to a Dfa climate

[@alaskanbullworm5500]

Hey geodiode, I know this video is old but I’m curious about whether you would consider Calgary to be the largest city on earth with a dwb climate? I looked on Wikipedia and it is classified as such, with the available precipitation map showing exactly x10 precipitation in July compared to January. I also have trouble finding cities in east asia with the dwb classification with more than 1M inhabitants, despite the abundance of cities with the dwa classification in close proximity.

[@sreedevisodanapalli1010]

Vladivostok russia and rangoon North Korea are also in this climate

[@mooseears9849]

I think Moscow is bigger than Calgary. Also Rangoon is in Myanmar, not North Korea

[@alaskanbullworm5500]

@@mooseears9849 moscow has a dfb climate, not dwb

[@eustress7428]

​@mooseears9849 I think he mentioned Raseon, though both Vladivostok and Raseon are smaller than Calgary (0.6m and 0.2m respectively, while Calgary's is 1.4m)

[@ElizondoAbelardo]

So, for classifying a climate as continental, do you prefer to use the minimum average temperature for the coldest month as 0°C or -3°C?

[@paulbrower4265]

-3C allows persistent snows. 0C means that part of the day will get above freezing, and snow cover melts off between such snowstorms as there are. Snow creates its own chilling effect due to an albedo near 100%. Nothing -- not even bare limestone -- as a natural surface reflects so much heat.

[@sreedevisodanapalli1010]

Long awnser: 0 c because new york new Jersey and southern new england seem like cold snowy places, and the cfa zone ruffly marx the south, only slightly to the North of the edge of the south presumably because of global warming when using 0 c here’s an example: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nXjEhHalq7Ngnas does the city he talks about seem subtropical. According to the -3 isotherm it is subtropical. Short awnser: 0 c because home alone lost in New York This is just my humble opinion and as far back as I can remember anything about the local climate I was firmly in the continental zone no matter what isotherm you use

[@craigceecee8762]

@@sreedevisodanapalli1010 I'd argue a persistent snow level is closer to about -6C. Many cities in the continental climates in North America (i.e. Omaha, Chicago, Detroit, Toronto, Milwaukee) don't always have consistent snow cover in the winter, and they average below -3C. Once you get another tier north (i.e. Fargo, Minneapolis, Green Bay, Montreal) it becomes more consistent. That is likely true too in Eurasia.

[@An-kw3ec]

You need high humidity too, chihuahua desert in north america or central china can easily get below -3°C, but the lack of precipitation on those places reflects in little to no snowfall per year,Bsk and Dwa suffer from extreme drought. Japan despite being much closer to the ecuator than sweden, gets more snow in their northern prefectures thanks to uniform year around rainfall.

[@alexforspeed]

My favourite climate zone is in here. Cold temperate to be specific since that will actually really show the contrasts between the seasons.

[@Geodiode]

Yes the continental climates are the only true 4 seasons climates

[@benhur2806]

By any chance, could I know where you got the music from? Might come in useful for some private projects I figure...

[@Geodiode]

You can see the authors and titles of all in this series in this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qXuvaXV9gMilhLc

[@victorcanti9727]

Gracias por sus videos, me sirvieron para un estudio de la Universidad

[@SamuelGarcia-jj2vk]

Que estudias??

[@victorcanti9727]

@@SamuelGarcia-jj2vk Profesorado de Geografía

[@SamuelGarcia-jj2vk]

@@victorcanti9727 en que universidad ? Disculpa

[@endriu55]

I have a question, why is Calgary Canada Dfb instead of Dwb? The rainfall pattern shows that it has a pretty dry winter compared to other Dfa/b cities listed here and the difference between winter and summer rains is quite big like 9 times more rain in the wettest month compared to the driest. So why?

[@endriu55]

@@Geodiode ok thanks for the clarification.

[@mayankkumar4161]

Seoul is really cold durning winters the temperatures can reach -20°C even tho it's located at 37°30'N, that siberian high makes winters very cold!

[@paulbrower4265]

Suggestions for some "great cities": either Budapest or Bucharest would be Dfa. Oh, by the way, there are tiny areas in the New Zealand Alps (high altitude) that have snowy-winter Dfb climates. One activity fairly common in Df and Ds climates is skiing. The resort of Vail, Colorado is probably Dfb.

[@klaus6740]

Bucharest is one of the most snowiest cities in Europe. Maybe you never visited

[@perrylim9728]

I also note that Vienna, Austria and Berlin, Germany are no longer Dfb warm summer humid continental climates, but rather a Cfb Oceanic, with the downtown of Vienna thanks to Urban Heat Island effect even becoming Humid Subtropical Climate (Cfa)

[@susmitadutta4744]

I love this climate!!

[@karlosmarcos5587]

Really loved this, can't wait for Siberia!

[@thephoenix3155]

The south and southeast parts of Siberia (including the cities of Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude and Vladivostok falling under this climate with Dfa/Dwa in the far south and Dfb/Dwb in the south central.

[@tengoindiamike]

I live in Clarkston, MI, a northern suburb of Detroit, Michigan and have been looking for a high resolution map that will show exactly where the Dfa / Dfb delineation is since I feel like I live right on the border of the two. In either case with climate change I feel like it leans more Dfa. Love the climate series!

[@NomadAlex]

great video man and excellent work!! keep it up ?)

[@alexnicolson6110]

Wow! Ben I really enjoyed the video and sure explains a lot of what's going on around these latitudes. You did a great job with all the data and video! And it reminded me of when I was living in Montreal and the last year I lived there, the summer temps were in the high 90Fs and in the winter it dropped down to -40F! That's a 135F degree swing! Wild!

[@SeanLowe1288]

I live in the continental climate and Chicago has gotten an over 100 degree day a few years back and we do see over 90 degree days in the summer so yeah Chicago does get pretty hot in the summer as well as freezing cold winters too with temperatures reaching into the teens and even single digits as well as negative temps too

[@Geodiode]

"The most expensive climate to live in" :P - A/C in the summer, home heating in the winter...

[@SeanLowe1288]

@@Geodiode Very true it is I won't be living in it anymore once my parents die I'll be moving to a semi arid climate

[@Noone-ef3cg]

I come from dalwhinie, uk (cfb), but is semi continental, with a January average of 0.3c, just 0.4c off being dfb. Just shows you that not all temperate climates have mild winters.

[@Geodiode]

Ah yes, next to the Cairngorms on the A9! If you look at the newer, detailed Koppen maps you'll see some Cfc (Sub-Polar Oceanic) near there, the only part of Great Britain that has that climate.

[@zulthyr1852]

Trust me, Dfa is the best climate.

[@adrianmotley8855]

Zulthyr no thanks. I don’t like cold

[@ZRHTrainspotter]

Cold sucks

[@justslidemsphm1208]

Agree. Dfa, Dwa, Dfb, Dwb are the best for me.

[@coolkid3565]

@@justslidemsphm1208 gay

[@elvyn8709]

Hot Summer Continental (Dfa, Dwa, Dsa) - Having a wided ranges temperature occur (hot like a tropical, cold like a boreal) in each seasons and months.

[@mauriciorv228]

I live in the heart of this climate. Western Wisconsin

[@Geodiode]

Great to hear from you. Stay warm this winter!❄️

[@paulbrower4265]

Here's an irreverent view of Dfa and Dfb climates: these are the lands of beer and vodka. Beer is an excellent means of storing calories from grain. It can be kept free of rodents, unlike raw grain, tubers, bread, or sugars. Beer is to continental climates what wine is to Mediterranean climates. Just think of the cities that one most associates with beer: Plzen (source of Pilsener beer and such powerhouse cities for beer as Munich, Milwaukee and St. Louis. Arguably, Golden, Colorado is in the Dfb zone. Vodka can be made out of any grain (US) or potatoes (Poland, Russia, Sweden).

[@Geodiode]

Yes, that's an excellent viewpoint. I wonder if someone has done a world map of alcoholic beverages. One notable exception to this is the ancient Egyptians used to drink beer, as I believe did some of the Roman legionaries.

[@mooseears9849]

Golden Colorado is weird. It sort of fits in with DfA, Dfb, and BsK all in one

[@Hession0Drasha]

Seems like continental climate, with enough precipitation and not being too far away from the oceans, is the second best climate after oceanic for human quality of life. Deciduous forests are the most beautifull and pleasant place to exist.

[@solomon4554]

I'd argue that the warm-summer Mediterranean Csb climate is more comfortable than the Oceanic.

[@Hession0Drasha]

@@solomon4554 if you don't go outside for the months of july and august sure

[@garnish6447]

What is the name of the instrumental (9:55) used in this video? It's very catchy! I like it a lot. I reside in the Great Lakes / Greater Toronto Area.

[@zulthyr1852]

Oh yes. It might be too annoying already, but in my worldbuild thing, springs and autumns are pretty warm. Your thoughts? (It still has subzero winters)

[@zulthyr1852]

@@Geodiode Subarctic summers are too cool imho. Dfb summers are most comfortable, really. But Dfa is still the best since it has 6 full months of comfort

[@dchan520]

Love your videos so educating thank you so much for these !!!

[@ssssaa2]

Much grain is grown in this region. Virtually all of eastern europe, russia, and canada production is in this section. The two largest grain producers on earth, China and USA, are similarly dominated by grain with these zones making the largest producing zone for grains in both countries. The hotter summers in those countries make corn productive and it is the highest yielding grain, even more than rice let alone wheat with modern methods. China makes even more corn than wheat or rice, and USA makes primarily corn with some wheat in marginal lands. China and USA produce more than 50% of the world's corn, and more corn is produced globally than wheat or rice nowadays. This zone could feed the entire world and more in terms of sheer calories.

[@Geodiode]

Interesting. I knew maize was very productive, but surely one crop per year vs multiple crops of rice wouldn't be more productive? That said, multiple rice crops are only technically achievable in the Tropical (not Subtropical) regions of elevated "winter" temperatures.

[@ssssaa2]

Multiple crops per year is fairly uncommon globally, but it is productive where conducted. China is the only notable continental region it occurs, but then only in the south, especially far south, and this is only a relatively small portion of production there. Historicaly for most of ancient times, the population center of China was in the flatter north. the south is very mountainous and only lightly cropped (by chinese standards) so most of the country is wheat or corn. These are grown In the continental north china plain (historical population and cultural core) and the northeastern grasslands, which are surprisingly hot and wet in summer for how cold they get in winter (well below freezing). Most of the rice is grown in between the southern mountains and often on terraces, relics from the ancient intensive substinence days and incomparable to agriculture in much of the rest of the world. Sichuan basin is an example of this, the whole place is hills with terraces along them, not flat, as can be seen on google earth. I am unsure if it will be possible to modernize and automate agriculture in this region like with the northern grasslands. Probably only with difficulty. Despite being generally south of Europe, most of China's agricultural land is in areas which get close to or below freezing in the winter as an average. Winter temperatures drop even lower than the US latitude equivalent in the winter because of the severe continentality of asia. Hong Kong and neighboring Guangdong's major cities are humid subtropical despite being in the tropical zone latitude wise. Further south than even Miami by a few degrees. Keep up the videos, this is a unique and interesting channel and there aren't many like that!

[@Geodiode]

@@ssssaa2 Southern India has multiple rice crops per year, don't forget. Probably more significant that southern China. Also Vietnam/Cambodia, since the Mekong river provides irrigation during the dry season there.

[@anna_core]

C'mon man you should at least have 1 million subs I have seen alot of people with poor editing skills and they have million when people like you deserve more then them

[@Geodiode]

Thanks! Growth is accelerating every few months. It just takes time on the exponential curve...

[@personsome7954]

In Argentina, the continental climate is presented in small areas in the southwest of the country

[@personsome7954]

@@Geodiode in this map upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Koppen-Geiger_Map_ARG_present.svg

[@dontusemyusername3208]

The only true 4 season climate

[@Geodiode]

Correct.

[@imiguifurr]

this is super interesting and helpful... thanks so much for make these, you have no idea

[@imiguifurr]

GeoDiode this is helpful for worldbuilding, idk if you have heard the term... Thanks again, i'll share these and see if you can get more views from that comunity... Keep up the good work 👌👌👌

[@imiguifurr]

yep

[@icewink7100]

What do you plan on doing after you finish the climate zones?

[@richardtorres2676]

@@Geodiode love the idea to focus in an specific country and give more details of graphs, images and climates aspects!

[@NostalgicMem0ries]

@@Geodiode i would suggest to focus on one country and its climate after this series, this not just give more info for geography lovers about every country, but also will give you many subscribers and viewers since every country will watch their video and might stick for more

[@SofiaCalotti]

@@Geodiode Focusing on regions would be very interesting in my opinion. Also, seperate video's on climatic phenomena/terminology like hadley cell and monsoons! The basics (which you sometimes also explain in these video's) so to say :)

[@raphlvlogs271]

where did you managed to find those footages?

[@jagergaming5172]

at 7:46, do you mean to say Cfb? or is it Dfb? just a little confused with all these sub categories

[@Geodiode]

Correct. There's an erratum in the description.

[@mikeygordon211]

Bishkek have hot dry summer continental climate with hot dry summer and cold snow winter.This climate have huge temperature differences between summer and winter.Dsa climate mostly found in kyrgyzstan.

[@mikeygordon211]

Bishkek hot dry summer high to 45 celsius and cold snow winter low to -24 celsius.Bishkek have 69 degrees large temperature differences between summer and winter.

[@photobobo]

I live near Minneapolis Minnesota. What I have noticed, since climate change has taken hold here, is that the transitions of the season are very abrupt. One day it is a pleasant fall, next day a snowy winter. Or a moderate spring that suddenly transitions into a very hot and humid summer.

[@yunusemretortamis727]

Does not Ural mountains prevent oceanic humidity reaching further in Siberia?

[@kapuz-z4083]

Generally the oceanic Humidity prevails south of the Urals. And the Urals aren't that tall, so some moisture can still pass through.

[@ShivamGupta-cw2zn]

India has all types of climate that is:- 1. Tundra cold desert 2. Subarctic 3. Temperate(or Continental) 4. Humid Subtropical 5. Hot Desert 6. Tropical 7. Oceanic.

[@Richard_Gonda]

8:35 hello :D from Budapest

[@kapuz-z4083]

Budapest is Humid Subtropical

[@Richard_Gonda]

@@kapuz-z4083 "Hungary has a continental climate, with hot summers with low overall humidity levels but frequent showers and frigid to cold snowy winters. The average annual temperature is 9.7°C."

[@kapuz-z4083]

@@Richard_Gonda How often does it snow in Budapest ?

[@山岡-f4e]

The snowiest city in the world is Aomori, and Aomori has a significant difference compared to Sapporo, the second snowiest city in the world

[@Geodiode]

Thanks for that. "City" has many meanings. In my videos, I determine this to be a large settlement, with over 500k people.

[@KSubscribersWithoutAnyVi-yj4ld]

Please where is NYC in this video? NYC also have a humid continental climate

[@KSubscribersWithoutAnyVi-yj4ld]

@@Geodiode thank you so much but NYC doesn't have just subtropical humid climate it's also a humid continental climate because it's too cold in winter. Btw I love your vids!

[@perrylim9728]

Hey, Korea and Japan despite being continental, grow rice in summer, so does Northeast China

[@eustress7428]

Probably because those places are bordering with subtropical climate zone, and have hot and rainy summer. Though, rice farming is not as efficient as those of subtripical/tropical climate, so it is kinda mixed with barley/wheat/mallet farming

[@perrylim9728]

@@eustress7428 I see I have eaten Korean and Japanese rice before. And I have seen Northeast China rice in a store in my country, Singapore, because our govt imports food from many different sources around the world for our food security

[@sreedevisodanapalli1010]

The 4 seasons part is really strong here

[@InciniumVGC]

These just seem like the worst of both worlds: Uncomfortably hot and humid summers, uncomfortably cold winters, and loads of intense disruptive weather events in between. Just proves west coast is the best coast no matter which west coast you're talking about.

[@ssssaa2]

Kills all the bugs and pests in the winter but has fantastic grain growing summer heat for a long duration. These regions are some of the most intensive grain growing regions over large areas. US, China, Russia, and Canada all have the majority of their agriculture in these regions as well as the eastern European countries like Ukraine.

[@oskarm646]

11:44 so what kind of climate does Poland have? Is it Cfb or Dfb? I live in north west of Poland, and winters are quite mild comparing to those you can experience in Russia or most of the US, but from time to time, we experience heavy snowfall. It's november now, and it's snowing. I wish we had white Christmas though

[@Geodiode]

It's kind of both. The transition between oceanic and continental in Europe is very gradual owing to a lack of mountains

[@paulbrower4265]

@@Geodiode More precisely because in Europe the mountains are generally east-west. The Alps and Pyrenees, although rather high, are east-west so they do not so effectively block oceanic influences. The Coast Range, Cascades, Rockies and of North America are north-south, so they stop the maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean from reaching into the Great Plains. Without the Rockies, the Great Plains would be Cfb and not continental or cold semi-desert. Even the Appalachian Mountains are north-south, which gives New York City warmer winters than Pittsburgh.

[@Geodiode]

Correct @Paul Brower . 5:24 to 6:17 covers this difference.

[@reenaiconicm6382]

Very informative thank u im showing ur video to my kids . I hope u don't mind . 👍

[@Geodiode]

If you're a teacher then you can definitely show to your students.

[@Julius.Henrich.Markgraf.88]

So the continental climate in central Europe and parts of the United States is temperate biome, right? But I saw in other videos of yours that, in biomes that are temperate like in the United States and northern Italy, they have a subtropical climate. Why?

[@Geodiode]

Check out my full "Biomes" series to get more viewpoint on this, specifically "Grasslands" and "Temperate Forests". Biomes are much more complex than climate zones.

[@Julius.Henrich.Markgraf.88]

​@@Geodiode Is there any way you can do about Italy in the playlist of your channel of the states of the nations of the earth? Specifically about northern Italy? Both about the biome and the climate

[@Julius.Henrich.Markgraf.88]

@@Geodiode What confused me was that, you said that for example, in the United States, it is the temperate biome but the climate is subtropical. But being from the same northern hemisphere of the earth on the same horizon line as Europe, it had to be the continental or oceanic climate, right?

[@deependra7830]

very helpful in Indian civil service

[@goldfishy]

At 7:40 you say "Cfb warm summer variant". Did you mean "Dfb"?

[@Geodiode]

Yes the erratum is mentioned in the description

[@goldfishy]

@@Geodiode Thank you.

[@user-jr9dv4pe5c]

What's music used in this video I really enjoy it

[@elvyn8709]

As Dfb, Dwb and Dsb referred as Hemiboreal Climate, then, Dfa, Dwa and Dsa can be refer as Subboreal Climate (have a below 0°c winter but the summer is hotter than Hemiboreal the warm summer continental climate).

[@thecitizenoftheinternet1077]

The mediterranean and continental climates are in my opinion the best climates to ever live in. My least favorite climate on the other hand is the oceanic climate.

[@kishandwary9378]

Sir I desperately want to know that which type of climate is found in Central Spain? Is it - Mediterranean dry hot summer, or humid continental warm summer? Please explain! 🙏

[@kishandwary9378]

@@Geodiode Ok thank you for your valuable reply. This helps me a lot 🙏❤️

[@thephoenix3155]

Ben do Irkutsk and Ulan Ude have Dfb/Dwb climates or Dfc/Dwc climates?

[@idk-qs2cf]

As I quote wikipedia: Ulan-Ude can be described as possessing a humid steppe climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), bordering on a humid continental climate (Dwb borders on Dwc).

[@justslidemsphm1208]

Irkutsk has a mixed climate between Dwb and Dwc.

[@Moneytane1976]

You keep saying Cfb when you should be saying Dfb and Dfa. Sorry just a heads up. Spending a year in South Korea, you saw the extremes of climate - cold snowy winters below freezing and then stinking hot summers with days permanently at 30 degrees and 99% humidity

[@Johnnybomb1]

I live in West Virginia near the Pennsylvania state line. What climate is that?

[@Geodiode]

You're on the border of Humid Subtropical and Continental zones. Check out the updated map made after this video: geodiode.com/climate/humid-subtropical geodiode.com/climate/continental

[@Alice-gr1kb]

I was hoping you would mention my city Rochester because it's in Dfb

[@Alice-gr1kb]

GeoDiode it's ok. But yeah what you said was true. Pretty even rain and snow through the year

[@PeterSwinkels]

When you appear to be talking about dfb climates in North America I keep hearing continental cfb, what gives? Otherwise very impressive work! 👌

[@alperenbaser5595]

So i m living Dsa . Malatya Turkey.

[@zulthyr1852]

Ah, Turkey, the land of Dsa

[@alperenbaser5595]

@@Geodiode it so cool to learning but last ten years climate change made too many changes . Less snow in winter more rain in spring and autumn and windy summer . Climate change and damn sadly ruining region . Malatya known as best apricot producer city in the world

[@alperenbaser7952]

@@Geodiode Keep it up your good work . Can u make tree planting effect on climate ? Our country planting 350 million trees each year . So i want to learn it s effect on our climate and global climate.

[@alperenbaser7952]

@@Geodiode Thanks for your interest. I wish more countries become like that

[@coolkid3565]

No turkey the land of csa

[@aileenmarzanna]

As per the 1991-2020 climatological normals, even if using the 0C isotherm, the entirety of Germany, low parts of Czechia and Austria and much of western and northern Poland are now firmly Cfb, while when using the -3C isotherm, the border basically runs from Riga down to Grodno in Belarus, and on to Kyiv with only higher elevation parts of the Carpathians and Alps being still Dfb. Obviously, when this was released the 1981-2010 norms were still in effect, but climate change is going rapid now.

[@Geodiode]

Yes. Thank you!

[@mikeygordon211]

Xian climate is between cwa,bsk and dwa classification types.I think xian is in cold semi arid bsk climate with 300 mm rainfall a year.

[@poshmalosh14]

Bruh, you showed my home state in the first clips, (Utah) when it was the buffalo with mountains

[@poshmalosh14]

@@Geodiode lol yeah, it was just kind of interesting to see it in the continental climate

[@paulbrower4265]

Salt Lake City seems to be on climatic borderlines between BSk, Csa, and Dsa, and that might depend on a local microclimate.