The Seven Voyages of Zheng He - Summary on a map

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

Ever wondered what surpassed the Yongle Encyclopedia after all those years? That's right, that one your teachers aren't happy with you reading😂

[@daniellxnder]

Wikipedia! 🙈

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

@@daniellxnder correct🤪

[@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747]

@@joshygoldiem_j2799 Can i ask you? what city do you live in? And how is the weather there? we have +30 degrees

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

@@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747 I live near London, we had a drastic heatwave back in the summer but since then the rain has been very on and off Also why?

[@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747]

@@joshygoldiem_j2799 got it, thanks for the reply

[@AGLMapping]

Please keep uploading more videos. I'd prefer this much more than some shorts. Anyway, thanks for uploading!

[@Dock284]

wow i didn't know you watched Geo History

[@berutakhaos9830]

i agree, longer videos are what i subscirve to this channel so im glad they are making more

[@ThisIsThePlanet]

He only publishes shorts to recycle his old content and make more $

[@sandeegrey5977]

I don't really like Shorts anyways. Plus, it feels like consuming too much of them can lower your attention span.

[@berutakhaos9830]

@@ThisIsThePlanet as much as i hate to admit that is true

[@biochemwang2421]

Zheng He's maritime expedition for the Ming dynasty was like the Apollo project for USA in 1960s. Too expensive to continue, but they made history.

[@legpol]

I believe the Chinese Zheng He's maritime expedition in the Ming dynasty was a novel, not history. Why? because billions of people saw the Apollo project while nobody saw any Zheng He's ships.

[@ImperialDiecast]

why was maritime expedition too expensive for china but not expensive for small portugal 50 years later?

[@legpol]

@@ImperialDiecast : The Chinese maritime expedition was a novel. The author Ma Huan made some money.

[@biochemwang2421]

@@ImperialDiecast You have to know the scale of the Chinese expedition fleet at that time: 20000+ men, 100+ ships for each time.

[@jackbrothers3152]

Do my eyes deceive me? A real video instead of a short? Yay!

[@Whywhywhywhywhy709]

Not a trick

[@sagniksarkar9660]

I also didn't believe at first

[@AggressiveSkunk]

ikrrrr, shorts always tricking me when I see a notification, I think it's a new video but hopes are down because..yep It's a short! but finally a video has been released

[@jackrotz2139]

Yaiy

[@ziadbaha1699]

I was just wondering about this today and wanted to learn more about him, how lucky!

[@dolphingoreeaccount7395]

Same bro

[@adolf_08]

it always changes my mood to see the notification of a new video on this channel, excellent and greetings to the team behind such good content

[@SicMvndvsCreatvsEst8]

I learned about Zheng He from a type of atlas for children that I got when I was 10 or 11. Really happy there is a good video about it!

[@elgirl19]

Crazy to think what would of happened if the Ming went full colonial and created a world wide empire that rivaled Spains.

[@therearenoshortcuts9868]

problem is it has to be very profitable to create an incentive the Spanish found stone-age civilizations with mountains of gold zhenghe only encountered countries with similar technology...

[@elgirl19]

@@therearenoshortcuts9868 yeah it would require the creation of the eastern version of the barque. It’s like they used to say, “why expand outside China? We have everything”

[@anaskhoiri3653]

Ming in that time is superpower and only intresting to exotic animal war in ceylon capture chinesse pirate in palembang trade with majapahit and samudra to Mogadishu

[@youtubrone1411]

Worst timing, sorry.

[@wrjtung3456]

The mandarins (the ruling class) would not allow this since it will give too much power to merchants and the army

[@131alexa]

That was fascinating - particularly the details of the ships, routes sailed and at 4:48 about the Galle Trilingual Inscription (cf. the Rosetta Stone). Very clear to follow and nicely presented with the map (one nit-pick: the caption reads "dynasy"). Sad that the archives were destroyed or lost but other documentary sources must survive. How much of the story told here is speculation? Great history channel: keep up the good work :)

[@carmenhanna7867]

A lot is speculation

[@underhorse5367]

Details are lost since the journals were purposefully destroyed but the general route and events of the expeditions are pretty certain.

[@LocalBroYT]

OMG an actual video instead of a short! Best day this week

[@jasonchow6475]

I am from Malaysia and the state of Malacca where Admiral Zheng He visited has a statue and museum honoring him. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He

[@dreadvoice7285]

We have been blessed with a Geo History video my dudes

[@SicMvndvsCreatvsEst8]

I love your videos! One of my favourite history channels!

[@jackrotz2139]

Yes love your full length videos, excellent work and on a topic I'm not too familiar with being a western and all.

[@sem_identitificador]

the similarities with the portuguese expeditions are uncanny. Awesome video, keep it up!

[@ianmowat3231]

How exactly are they uncanny?

[@mint8648]

Chinese were less interventionist imo

[@PeterGregoryKelly]

Portugal and Spain were lucky enough to find defenceless civilisations without metallic war weapons, gun powder or horses but lots of gold for the taking.

[@DerickC_]

​@@PeterGregoryKellyLucky? So why they dont conquered Japan?

[@rb98769]

​@@PeterGregoryKellyOP is talking about Asia, not the Americas.

[@songkok7hitam]

i love all of your video. its not boring but yet its simple.

[@vern86]

Finally a new upload, interesting content as always!

[@maggiezheng2845]

My family are descendants of Zheng He originated from Zheng He adopted son from his brother. My grandpa had the family heritage book.

[@legpol]

But there are no ships to be seen, how could Zheng He go to sea?

[@hanzocloud]

Sure you are

[@tommy-er6hh]

Wow, real history well told. No imaginary voyages to discover California or Australia, no Illusions of Zheng He discovering Europe, just historical facts. Is this legal in You Tube?

[@bassboy646]

How accurate are these facts. Genuinely curious since the narration mentions the destruction and loss of the records

[@arolemaprarath6615]

Where is California?

[@cooldude9772]

@@arolemaprarath6615 europe

[@arolemaprarath6615]

@@cooldude9772 in Madrid right?

[@thano5408]

@@arolemaprarath6615 No, in Baghdad

[@urlton]

I prefer this narrator. Thanks for the video

[@Dock284]

this was great! Keep it up!

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

One of the best admirals in history alongside Hayreddin Barbarossa and Yi Sun Shin

[@mint8648]

There’s going to be someone with a polar bear pfp who will deny he existed

[@arolemaprarath6615]

Nobody ask Mongol Islam is arab

[@mint8648]

@Lightbringer very relevant

[@dominicguye8058]

​@@arolemaprarath6615 ???

[@gavinhenderson4322]

Would love to see the travels of Saul sometime in the future

[@ericazevedo2449]

Dropped literally everything I was doing to watch this.

[@PoznajSwiat]

Love this channel ❤️ 💕

[@mayleetan6518]

China should establish a museum on ancient maritime based on Admiral Zheng He. The museum should be based where Zheng He started his overseas trips.

[@legpol]

很是，鄭和紀念館中，可展覽鄭和的文章著作，信件，以及他與各國簽訂的契約。

[@PoznajSwiat]

Love ❤️ this channel

[@SiIRjeAdventure]

great info, next videos about the crusade😁😁

[@gang.jesus_]

Babe Wake up Geo History just posted

[@pedrobicudo8531]

nice video

[@mrstas4691]

Спасибо за видео надеюсь скоро выйдет видео с русским переводом

[@ladislavrocak]

English?

[@VR36030]

This is basically the medieval version of interplanetary travel efforts getting suspended from the 1970s to early 2020s.

[@normanbraslow7902]

The number of ships and the size are without exaggerated. Sailing technology at the time wouldn't make those big shops unmaneverable and thus unseaworthy.

[@silverstar8868]

Holy fuck, I've been trying to remember Zheng He's name. Thank god

[@Dodal3186]

Kindly requested to provide videos with Subtitles for overseas followers. 🌱🌹🌱..

[@GeoHistory]

Now its done :)

[@legohistorytube.3148]

Do the Travels of Captain James Cook/A Video on the History of Australia (The Country)

[@Prelopus-Bythmectic]

Thanks, I had to do a speech for school which is about Zheng he

[@paolof]

Wake up babe, Geo History just posted

[@MachineThatCreates]

The Chinese were doing maritime exploration long before any Europeans. The fact they chose to stop in the late 1400s is what's most intriguing.

[@mint8648]

They did not stop, China continued to trade with Southeast Asia and India until the Ming collapse.

[@anaskhoiri3653]

Those western not brave Enough for attacking china until 19 century when them weakened china with Opium

[@scott2452]

There were Greek & Roman traders in the Indian Ocean over 2000 years ago…Roman diplomats even made it all the way to China in the reign of Marcus Aurelius. What Chinese exploration did you have in mind that predated this?

[@krlost4405]

@@scott2452 China arrived to east African coasts before romans and europeans... Romans only started to make contact with China as collateral of their relation with the middle east. They didn't discover anything; middle eastern kingdoms and empires were already trading with China before Europe knew they even existed. Also, romans only got to Sub-Saharan Africa indirectly with expeditions from their presence in North Africa. In that sense, is totally different than the chinese exploration by Sea. What Chinese exploration? They had a +3500 vessels fleet at its peak, with some vessels having 120m in length. For comparison, Columbus vessels were of 19m long. Do you really think they just had that fleet sitting around doing nothing in a time where no other empire had that amount of vessels?

[@scott2452]

@@krlost4405 That seems like highly unlikely when you compare The Da Ming Hunyi Tu map to Ptolemy’s World Map in his Geography… and then consider the Chinese map was made well over 1000 years later…I am open to sources if you have them though

[@matthewmann8969]

Wonder what would happen if he brought bigger fleets, ships, boats, rafts, paddles, or rowers.

[@Leo_SC]

It’s almost unanimously agreed that if Zheng He was determined enough, he could’ve requested a voyage eastward, and under the right circumstances could have landed in the Americas.

[@Kim-cj2ds]

@@Leo_SC chinese ship is flat bottom hull its only use to walk through coast not for sea going ship

[@Leo_SC]

@@Kim-cj2ds Not necessarily, but yeah it would’ve been way harder then going on a voyage with three clipper ships, and when I say land in the Americas I mostly mean a voyage across the coral islands to the tip of the Alaskan Peninsula, but even then it’s kind of a long shot.

[@PeterGregoryKelly]

@@Leo_SC Risky because there was no idea of what to expect. Zheng He would have known about something about south Asia. He couldn't sail into the Mediterranean Sea unless he built a canal but that would have been interesting.

[@rb98769]

​@@Leo_SCGoing to Alaska through the Aleutian Islands was definitely doable for Zheng He. I think he would struggle to resupply his men compared to the major ports he found in the Indian Ocean, so he would probably want to bring less people, but it was certainly a possibility. There just probably wouldn't have been much point to the voyage when his goal was trade, because the Chinese would have been aware that coastal eastern Siberia was quite depopulated and not host to any major central trade hubs. So they wouldn't expect it to be much different further in. Meanwhile Columbus thought he would be reaching the same ports Zheng He visited by sailing west.

[@PeterGregoryKelly]

All sorts of what if scenarios come to mind.

[@dirtyhermit5260]

sad to see the yangtze and the pearl river dissapear :(

[@itzfishiesBS1]

Can you make a video on the roman empires?

[@mint8648]

No

[@meejinhuang]

China could have colonized or setup trade posts on all these journeys, but instead their Ming Emperor decided to cancel the expeditions.

[@m.hughmungus121]

Doesn't sound like they could have colonized it, then- they had inept leadership Contrast that to Europe after 1492

[@ritswik]

China invaded and annexed mangolia, Tibet and Turkmenistan now want Taiwan too.

[@JackDrewitt]

didn't they install puppets in kotte and samudera, aswell as pressure every nation from aden to saigon to be in chinese influence?

[@Madshadowgolem]

Bringing home pandemics eventually makes travel less exciting.

[@m.hughmungus121]

@@Madshadowgolem Germ theory wasn't a thing until centuries after this..

[@ladislavrocak]

Can you make Ottoman empire summary on map??

[@thicky1336]

We don't learn enough about eastern history in the west. Sad that this video doesn't have nearly as many views as the others

[@legpol]

All history of any nation is only 20% true and 80% false. There was no exception in the Zheng He voyages. When you learn eastern history, you should bear these percentages in mind.

[@karenik2768]

What app/site is used for these vids? Btw i lime the video thx for a vid and not a short again

[@GamingFergusFan420]

please make a full video on the early world

[@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747]

Can i ask you? what city do you live in? And how is the weather there? we have +30 degrees

[@GamingFergusFan420]

@@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747 quite cold where I live

[@Xcv214]

Terimakasih geo history 🙏🏻

[@micahistory]

last time I was this early, the Ming empire still existed

[@mint8648]

It will come back

[@ocloredmind4973]

Can you please make a video about Japan's history?

[@VayChernov]

There's Yellow River on the map, but you forgot Yangtze River.

[@jacobnation3908]

Interesting

[@acchindra7399]

As a Sri Lankan I had no idea the king dynasty had attacked and had ties with Sri Lanka😮

[@legpol]

I believe 鄭和下西洋 is a novel because there are no ships. Not only no ships, there are no writings written by him. A man in his position should have written a lot such as treaties with foreign governments, correspondence exchanged with foreigners and his own government, as well as his own compositions. Yet there was none, absolutely nothing.

[@mihamhassan6206]

you missed the part when he visits Bengal sultanate and receives A giraffe....

[@legpol]

Do we know how Zheng He's meeting with the Bengal sultanate was arranged? You see, Zheng He first arrived at the sea shore while the Sultanate was stationed in a city many miles inland. How did the sultanate know somebody was visiting?

[@bimokresno]

in indonesia he was known as cheng ho. i think there are at least two mosques bear his name.

[@mahirkansara993]

Using which software u r making these videos ????

[@politonno2499]

Have you considered making a video the African World War / Congo Civil War (1997-2003)? It is a very complex conflict so it could be cool

[@EA_customersupport]

Do a video on chola naval expedition,that happened in the year 1024.

[@daianpeter5089]

It'd be awesome if at least some of those archives and documents appears.

[@crystalquartz2763]

¿Can you do history of the british empire? please I woul love it. Thanks.

[@SamantaGothic]

Is the narrator the same person who narrates the ridddle channel?

[@micahistory]

Please visit Micahistory 2, it would mean a lot!

[@KaiserOfAryas]

"An offering, Which is made to Buddha, To Allah, And to Vishnu" *Suprised Pikachu face*

[@anaskhoiri3653]

Muslim is heavy tolerant just look Ottoman in 15 century you gonna preffer stay in Ottoman than other european country

[@spy1545]

What the fuck 😶😶😶

[@spy1545]

@@anaskhoiri3653 sorry I don't prefer muslims

[@kurc_wl]

Good job! History of Japan please)

[@rileysmith461]

You should do one about Ibn Battuta next!

[@thomasshelby7176]

New video 🙏

[@wikisaiyankdb2662]

So his travels are the source of Sea Snake Corlys' expeditions in ASOIAF/Game of Thrones.

[@Andrew_668]

郑和是一个伟大的航海家

[@legpol]

郑和航海，乃是小说。从没发生过。

[@山巅一寺一壶酒-u2q]

​@@legpol是的，你的人生，也是我上厕所时想出来的点子

[@cudanmang_theog]

Champa was a chad that outlasted 20 Chinese empires

[@yugao6766]

being great thankfully to you for the amazing video，specially as chinese，being much proud of my motherland！！！

[@legpol]

Yu Gao: Unfortunately, Zheng He's story might be a hoax. 因为，郑和访问各国时，他带着27，760人的队伍。每到一国，这么多的人要吃饭，上厕所，睡觉等等。试问，这些生活必需品谁来供应？如果没人供应，当然就是没去。只是小说家在家中写故事。

[@yugao6766]

@@legpol 多读点书吧

[@legpol]

@@yugao6766 ：你说的书，当然指郑和下西洋是真历史的书。然而你怎知我没读它们呢？很可能我早已读遍了所有的。如若不信，请举几个书名来考考我。

[@yugao6766]

@@legpol 《天妃之神灵应记》求你认真读读

[@legpol]

@@yugao6766 ：我說的沒錯，《天妃之神灵应记》我就早讀過了。而且认真读。读完后，发现它是今人的假冒。其中提到「百余艘船」。这个数目就和其他史学家说的差了好几倍。公认的数是精确的317艘。要这么多，才够装27，670人的海军，他们两年的粮食淡水。这个「百余艘」船数，绝对不够。 其次是，全部言论，没提他如何和外国接洽通讯。也没写27，760人上岸后的生活。他们登岸后在任何一国都得花几个月。这些日子，谁供给饭，厕所，睡觉营房等等生活必需品？走去各国首都走了多少天？沿路如何吃饭睡觉？和各国国王见面说了些什么？各国王叫什么名字？。。。这些，乃是他应该对皇上对人民报告的历史。不幸却完全没有。有的，尽是些造假人的梦想。梦想的历史，当然不会有吃饭上厕所等等琐事。

[@Spartan265]

Yes! Not a short. I really dislike shorts on youtube. But that's a personal preference.

[@haregtewelu2265]

Please make a video of Ethiopia civil war.

[@zac3652]

Please make the next video about Japanese history. 🙏🇯🇵🏯

[@Гиена1109]

when is the video about british empire?

[@quratulainfazal7251]

Can you please make a video about the Holy Roman Empire?

[@voyager1977.2]

This is hundred years before Europeans explored the outer continents. If this is continued then they can match with Spain and Portugal.

[@theentertainmentnation4694]

Many of his voyages never happened Easterners like to lie alout about history due to their inferiority complex of being backwards for the last 300 years

[@xggong8261]

As a Chinese, I think there are two reasons why China did not become a colonialist like Britain or Spain. First, at that time, China as a whole was richer and had more resources, so it did not expect to try to gain more benefits by colonial means. Secondly, China was an agrarian civilization, which was characterized by a lack of adventurous spirit and a desire to live by the sky, so it lacked the spirit of pioneering. And Zheng He's voyage to the West was just a coincidence, the purpose was to promote trade, not colonization. In the West, on the contrary, Magellan, who was almost a hundred years behind China, changed the world, not China.

[@theentertainmentnation4694]

@@xggong8261 The whole "richer and had more resources" its really a weak argument since to colonize u actually need to have resources, manpower, money in general. Scotland couldnt afford their colonies for example so the whole "Europe conquered the world because it was poor" is a very false statement. By the 15th century (1400s forward) Western Europe ,in my opinion and other historians opinions, became the most advanced region in the world. China couldnt make full plate armor they just didnt have the skills to do it, China couldnt produce the masterpiece arts of the Norther Italians Republics (I very much doubt that the average chinese lived better than the average Venetian in the 1400s for example) and Cathedrals with more than 100 meters in height(way more taller and impressive buildings than others in the East)

[@b00zybee]

@@theentertainmentnation4694they actually do have heavy lamellar armour see Japanese armour are directly influenced by chinese armour in sung dynasty, but it was not a big thing cuz heavy armour only suitable for flat land and back in the days mongols usually invades with horses so there’s no use of it. in fact the reason why chinese buildings are so different from venetian buildings is because chinese tend to build houses with wood. i’m talking about extremely complex structures and lasts. romans masters cement and the chinese masters carpentry due to the nature of resources owned. i do agree with you about the art because there’s no influence from the Renaissance and the use of lens. Other than that ming dynasty should be one of the most powerful kingdom, military wise before guns and economic wise as well just because of its size. not to mention europeans didn’t even have seasoning for their food

[@paulietv2162]

@@xggong8261 Plus the fact that the Chinese had an awful record in losing wars all their history

[@AntiCitizen_1]

PLEASE DO A “ HISTORY OF ROME”

[@yoelsingson6614]

upload more video...

[@ajaysinghjhala4385]

You should make different channel for shorts and upload long videos on this channel,this way number of views of long videos will not fall like it has happened for this video

[@krishnkant9477]

Please also make a video about the first maritime empire in the world history, which is a South Indian "CHOLA EMPIRE". It has influence all across South India, East India and South East Asia.

[@spy1545]

Yes please

[@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747]

Can i ask you? what city do you live in? And how is the weather there? we have +30 degrees

[@krishnkant9477]

@@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747 I live in a city in eastern part of India and it has been raining from time to time. Current temp is 25°C.

[@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747]

@@krishnkant9477 got it, thanks for the reply

[@krishnkant9477]

@@abdurrohmanaxmedov1747 welcome.

[@dumpling209]

I remember that Zheng He has a base in Bangladesh? (Idk maybe i am wrong)

[@orionfierro5115]

but what happened to the other expeditions with the Emperor himself, Zhu Di and Zhou Man. many archaic maps of other continents came up before the voyages of exploration as copies from these other voyages not mentioned in this video, read Gavin Menzies : 1421 and compare sources

[@nhienleminhhue6605]

the map is partially wrong for Vietnam or Đại Việt had gained Independence again from Ming Dynasty in 1427 overall the video is quite informative.

[@Baelor-Breakspear]

Did his ships have cannons?? Anyone know??

[@legpol]

Robert Scannell: His ships could be a hoax written in a novel. Today's people were all fooled by the novelist. You can easily change your belief in Zheng He to disbelief if you know his ships appeared suddenly and disappeared suddenly. I know his ships did appear and disappear suddenly.

[@rb98769]

It's very possible, yes.

[@legpol]

@@rb98769 : Did you mean Zheng He's voyages is hoax?

[@rb98769]

@@legpol No, I meant his ships could have had cannons.

[@legpol]

@@rb98769 ：You are free to mean so. But I have found Zheng He never had any ships. His story is just a hoax.

[@willemvanoranje5724]

The time China destroying their Imperial Fleet would come to bite them realllll.... hard. Always interesting to ponder about what China could have been if there weren't so conservative/isiolationist. We could have seen an Eastern colonial power fight against a western one.. damn!

[@nehcooahnait7827]

Idk, engaging colonialism like the Europeans? 🥱 it got u rich and the rest suffer

[@willemvanoranje5724]

@@nehcooahnait7827 true, and in the end I don't think Europe got much out of it, like the first stage of colonialism yes, but the Imperialism stage only drained our economies. Once Africa got decolonized Europe saw a surge in economic power, becuz no longer drained on africa. Also most of the campaigns were about power and prestige. No longer about profit for the homelands.

[@leoneltoroc8538]

Bandori Party of Anime in China of Zheng He.

[@tysak4]

Great video! Would love to see a map video showing Islamic diaspora (and other religions)

[@malslix46]

Zheng he, Cheng ho

[@r_dcruz1394]

yes

[@leoneltoroc8538]

The Seven Voyages of Zheng He in Bandori Party of BanG Dream!

[@putsh2704]

Bro, can u make a video about circassia and about their 101 years war against russian empire?

[@ziadbaha1699]

What made his family convert to Islam? I don't have aproblem with it at all but him being in such a remote place I'm wondering what made them convert

[@petaniketjil5282]

In those years, Islam was not a new thing in China. Chinese muslims (the Huis) were and are combining Chinese Philosophies like Taoism and Confusianism with Islamic law, therefore it was acceptable for Chinese POV and attract a lot of new adherents. (Sorry for my bad English, hope you can understand it).

[@ziadbaha1699]

@@petaniketjil5282 thanks alot! You seem to know alot, could you tell me what they would gain from conversion?

[@petaniketjil5282]

@@ziadbaha1699 well when we talk about someone's belief (any kinds of religions) it would likely related to personal spiritual satisfaction. However, since Chinese were and are excelent traders by nature, their conversion presumably related to trade. In those era, the majority of Indian ocean trading networks were held by muslims traders from various etnichities background (Africans, Arabs, Persian, Indians, Malays, and Chinese), hence, being muslims have special information or accesses to global trading network. However, although majority were held by muslims traders, still the Indian Ocean trading network were also enriched with other traders with different religious background i.e. Jews, Hindus, Buddhist, and Animist.

[@mint8648]

He wasn’t born in China. He was born in Yunnan which had muslim governors

[@bestname6669]

@@mint8648 and where is Yunnan? China.

[@bozhoutian5104]

Ming is Han's china Qing is Manchulian's china

[@joelcrandell700]

Can you do Russian federation history on map 1991 to today

[@qbixhippogang7064]

Can u do Roman empire

[@gwho]

this sailing paths zheng he takes seems less like exploration, and more like trying to play impossible mario, slowly increasing how far he gets each time around.

[@TeunisD]

I notice phonetically "Chinese" village and city names in the East of Africa, including in South-Africa, this is from Chinese early settlers??

[@EvansdiAl]

why are the chinese chickens in america prior to colombus?

[@AliAhmad-oc6mp]

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