Geology 101 with Willsey, Episode #12: Volcano Types

[@shawnwillsey]

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[@bluewhalestudioblenderanim1132]

not related but HALF of everest's height is due to a regional high point whitch it sits on so it's not even particularly tall of a mountain . . instead it's the location that makes it special

[@chrisj2848]

I'm really enjoying this series! Thank you for taking the time to make them. 👍

[@xwiick]

Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!

[@rachelberry1570]

Really enjoying this series of classes and also your ones on minerals. Many years ago, when I was a child I was asked by my grandfather what I wanted to be when I grew up and I answered "A volcanologist". Needless to say that never happened but I am still fascinated by the subject. Best wishes from Herefordshire, United Kingdom.

[@raenbow66]

Good early morning, Shawn. Your classes are really valuable. Thank you so much.

[@petrakostyszyn389]

Those episodes really make fun! And I like the questions at the end - just to check if I understood everything. A BIG thank to you Shawn, for all your efforts! 😊

[@marymachunis3778]

Good morning. This is a very interesting series. Thank you for making them and sharing your knowledge.

[@marionnadeau8457]

Thanks for the great explanations, Shawn! I didn't realize that cinder cones only erupt once!

[@mandysmith1756]

I've seen lots of videos of the big eruption at Mount St Helens but that time lapse of the growth of the lava domes was fascinating. Enjoying this whole series.

[@jacquie-h4530]

Thank you for another informative video, Shawn, I just love when a new one arrives.

[@oscarmedina1303]

Thank you Shawn. I love the pop quizzes you throw in. You make learning about volcanoes a blast.

[@CrescentMoonPye]

This was wonderful! Thank You, Professor. 🌋🧡

[@felipericketts]

Learning the basics. Thanks for Geology 101! 🙂

[@davidk7324]

Excellent. Thank you Shawn.

[@sueellens]

Spending my Friday evening catching up on Prof. Willsey’s videos! This was fun and I learned a lot. Thank you! (I got all quiz answers correct! 😉) gold 🌟

[@DianeSmith-h3t]

Fabulous, and I listened and got all the answers right at the end. 🎉 Must be sinking in. 👍thank you Shawn.. Di…Cumbria.

[@causewaykayak]

I am going to have to watch a second time.... excellent instruction.

[@shaunpapworth4269]

Great video very informative on how to identify the different volcanos loved the quiz at the end thanks Shawn.

[@cindy8426]

Thank you Shawn! Great class as always!!!!

[@saldia67]

Thank you so much! I will have to start at the beginning.🙂

[@Arcae95]

I’m in disbelief that I’m about to catch up with this class!! I’m so excited to get to be your student! You are making dreams come true.

[@shawnwillsey]

Yay! Thank you!

[@jerryglazman260]

Excellent series and very well presented. I think if I had taken a geology course from Professor Willsey I would probably be a retired geologist today instead of a retired chemist. I have recommended this course on my local rock clubs FB page.

[@shawnwillsey]

Awesome.

[@jimbarker506]

Thanks for your time Shawn, it's great to have a refresh after all those years ago when I was doing my degree in Geology. Jim from Dartford UK

[@sheilagraham8543]

Thanks again Shawn: as informative and interesting as always. you must be a good teacher as there was no problem identifying the various types of volcano 👍😀😀😀

[@corrinneloudon525]

Thanks for this great review, Shawn. I learned a lot.

[@sandrine.t]

Well, the weekend is here, so it's time to treat myself to the latest episode of your Geology 101 series! Thanks for this one Shawn, I appreciate how you keep things simple, this inevitably prompts me to do some additional 'research' in books and on the internet :) The USGS animation of Mount St. Helens volcanic dome is so impressive, the way it grows is truly spectacular!! Also, it's hard to see that it's actually lava... Your hike there in 2006 with your friend must have been such a thrilling experience! (I got all the right answers to your quiz, that's cool ;)

[@greenthing99100]

This is a great project - thank you. I was intending to something botanical along the same lines but biology of a different sort derailed my plans and so now I am a digital artist living with a motor neuron disease.

[@susierider55]

Great chapter. Thank you.

[@chasdegeofroy3091]

Great video. Shawn very much enjoyed that best, Chas.

[@formerastronaut]

Hey I've hiked up THAT cinder cone in the photo and you are completely right. It felt like it took twice as much effort to get half as far as an normal hike.

[@DawnDavies-ln3nn]

Wonderful.

[@muzikhed]

Very interesting, Thank you.

[@candui-7]

I was asking Myron the other day, "Where do you think the next West US eruption will happen, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada. California, Oregon, or Saskatchewan?" He said, "Don't know."

[@christinedaly2694]

Thank you that was very informative and helpful 😊

[@shonaguthrie848]

Thank you!

[@Hippogriff_titch]

Thanks again for a great video

[@marcialoofboro306]

Thanks for another class!

[@J0hnC0ltrane]

The Crater Lake caldera animation was great.

[@adahdonaldson5330]

This really helped me study for my geology exam thank youu

[@shawnwillsey]

I'm so glad!

[@marionnadeau8457]

Thanks!

[@shawnwillsey]

Much appreciated.

[@shelleyszulinszky9732]

Happy to learn ❤️✌️👍

[@MSGTGC]

Thanks!

[@shawnwillsey]

Thank you kindly for your generous donation

[@michaelmckeag960]

I’m really enjoying this series, making order out of the clutter of scattered bits of knowledge accumulated over time. Thanks! Regarding the view of the Three Sisters from the SE, I wonder if the glaciated stratovolcano far right is Mt Jefferson rather than Mt Hood. I sometimes get the two confused even in person until I recover my bearings. Looking forward to the coming episodes in the series.

[@YOICHIHAGIWARA]

ありがとうございます！

[@johnlord8337]

A big one that should be considered is the Long Valley caldera in the Northern California Central Valley, south of the Lake Tahoe region.

[@Dragrath1]

Yeah lots of volcanic features out just east of the Sierra Nevadas where the Sierra Nevada great valley block is getting gradually sheered off NBA by the difference in motion of the Pacific and NA plates. Long Valley Caldera Mammoth Mountain lava dome complex and various monogenic volcanic vents ranging from basaltic cinder cones to rhyolitic lava domes and flows(where the dome gets big enough that it starts flowing and can't be called a dome anymore)

[@stephenhudson8739]

Yes I've been to Sunset Crater Arizona and I've seen the spatter cone there with the lava flows

[@lyndafjellman3315]

I kinda like the idea of a hill erupting dirt! of course that is where I live.(I can see mt st helens from my deck and my soil has lots of ash and almost all the rocks are tephra cobbles.)

[@reekoreeko1857]

Thanks shawn. I enjoy how you explain things. I find it much easier to take in. Did I see a video with you at wizard island cinder cone? What an awesome place. thanks again.

[@shawnwillsey]

Yep. Here it is: kzbin.info/www/bejne/en-WYneLia6qhrs

[@reekoreeko1857]

Thanks. I watched it a while back and was sure it was you but, if you remember me, you know I can't even get your name right. I can have a memory like a sieve yet also like a sponge for information and learning. You are great at it, keep up the fantastic work you do for us. Thanks again, yay.

[@markofdistinction6094]

Sooo. Does Santa not bring presents to the naughty volcanos ?

[@Kosmonooit]

Thanks, good reference. Splatter cones? Guess the twin of the Cinder Cone but lava bits are fused?. Couldn't Mt St Helens have been called a Strato before half of it was blown away?

[@shawnwillsey]

As this is a 101 class, I do not cover all volcano types such as spatter cones, maars, tuff cones, diatremes, etc.

[@jfmezei]

Question on cinder cone: you showed a photogenic cinder cone with no imperfections, perfectly round features. Centerfold material in whatever magazine geologists read 🙂 Curious on how it could be so, unless actual lava never flows out. Would this imply this is just an opening to a large pipe below which lets the lava outgas (throwing tephra in process) but the lava continuing in the pipe to an exit at lower elevation and thus easier way out than having to rise up to above the cone? In leilani, Fissure 8 just popped out near Luana street on someone property as a mere fissure/crack and lava then flowed north from there, and as the cone was built, it always kept a passage for lava to flow north so was never a perfect round cone since there was always a big "notch" t let the lava flow out. So curious on how that perfect cinder cone gets formed.

[@shawnwillsey]

Lava was erupted as airborne pieces of tephra (cinder) which built the cone. I think the one in the pic was Lava Butte in Oregon, which did have lava erupt from the base on the south side. Even more mind blowing, some cinder "cones" are not even over the vent, but are blown by wind adjacent to vent to form a mound. As an example, check out Broken Top at Craters of the Moon. It does not have a crater on top.

[@alweber11]

Great series. Will you do a 201 course?

[@bartjes2509]

Thanks Shawn. I do wonder now what determines the type of eruption (pyroclastic or lava) for a stratovolcano ? Having travelled in Iceland I have had the priviledge of seeing all types within less than 100 km radius ;-)

[@boblathrop9983]

It would have been nice if you gave examples of active locations of the different types.

[@coasterblocks3420]

I’d like to see a video on “everything right/wrong with movie volcanoes, starting with Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.

[@shawnwillsey]

Oh boy. Pandora’s Box.

[@stephenhudson8739]

When I see those fissure eruptions I think of the Columbia River gorge flood basalt

[@Dragrath1]

I would probably break things down based on monogenic versus polygenic systems i.e. volcanoes without any central vents since I would also caution the "nice" volcanoes as many of the ones we think of this Laki fissure eruption was extremely deadly due to the global impacts of its gas emissions. And flood basalts have global impacts inducing mass extinctions the fossil record. From what I have read some cinder cones can get quite violent with powerful strombolian explosions sometimes even producing pyroclastic flows and sub-plinian activity. It's often these borderline events which are insightful to the nature of our flawed categories. Cinder cones aren't the only kind of monogenic vents surprised you didn't mention spatter cones given the prominent examples in Iceland. Monogenic fields can also make maars vents where groundwater flashes to steam and creates big explosion craters. Parasitic vents implies a negative association with a larger volcanic complex which always seemed strange to me given that lava domes are one of the main ways stratovolcanoes grow. For calderas by focusing only on explosive calderas you lost out on the ability to show the only video documented caldera formation from Kilauea's 2018 eruption. And of course to insult our urge to categorize into neat little boxes often these can occur in combinations with stratovolcanoes like Sakurajima growing out of the rim of Aria caldera in Japan. You can even get weird stuff like there is apparently a few andesite monogenic shield volcanoes out there. I also find it interesting that some volcanic fields will go through a phase where they build up a large central stratovolcano before they go back to producing monogenic eruptions again.

[@shawnwillsey]

All good points and that is the challenge of taking the complex world of volcanoes and presenting to new students in a 101 class. This is my approach. I think most instructors would cover in a similar manner based on my knowledge and experience in academia.

[@bluewhalestudioblenderanim1132]

all things concidered "fagradalsfjat" is a pretty good example of a shield volcano formation . . and a very well documented one at that . . so I'm a little suprised you didn't mentioned it here also one more thing that wasn't brought up in this explanation is: spatter cones . . whitch are similar to cindercones but smaller, steeper and built out of blobs of still hot lava that form one solid structure . . spatter cones tend to be up to 30m tall but can grow higher depending on how long the eruption lasts

[@shawnwillsey]

As this is a 101 course that covers the basics, I do not cover all volcano types such as spatter cones, maars, tuff rings, diatremes, etc.

[@TerryWinn-h5l]

Professor, I do not have enough time to listen to the entire series. Could you please tell me the differences between a diamond/gold producing volcano vs. a non producing one. Thank you Terry

[@jfmezei]

Mauna Loa had an eruption in 2022. It started as what would fit your definition of shield with lava effusing from the top of the mountain. But then, the action shifted to a rift that opened on the side of the mountain which flowed towards the road between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea. Would any/all lava effusions from a shield volcano qualify as shield volcano eruption, or would fissures opening on side of the mountain constitute a fissure eruption?

[@shawnwillsey]

Like all Hawaiian shields, Mauna Loa has several rift zones radiating out along its flank that also serve as conduits for magma. So Mauna Loa is a shield which can also have fissure eruptions, smaller shields, and even cinder cones on its large mass. Hence the difficulty of a classification/labeling system.

[@iunderscoream]

7:00 Can you please explain what this would look like if we saw it in the landscape millions of years from now? What would a road cut or slice into that filling fissure be made of?

[@jfmezei]

Does the feature called "Fissue 8" that popped out at 13-3546 Luana Street in Leilani Estates constitute a cinder cone? (alas, Mr Google cut off the street view from the street that were innundated) Very curious on how Kilauea would be classified as it seems to be a caldera, (physically), has had very peaceful eruption with a nice resort-like lava lake for some 15+ years till 2018, then the Halema'uma'u emptied and became violent twice a day, while at same time a "nice" fissure effusion happened down the road in the east rift zone, and ended up focusing on only Fissure 8 out of the 21 that pop up. Since Kilauea/Halama'uma'u have had both effusive and explosive, I assure it is classed as stratovolcano? In the case of 2018, since there was both effusive down the east rift zone as well as explosive at Halema'uma'u, was this considered a single eruption or would they be treated as separate since they have totally different features despite coming from same reservoir?

[@shawnwillsey]

I would call Fissure 8 a spatter/cinder cone hybrid. Kilauea is a shield volcano with mainly effusive eruptions of lava either at its summit caldera region or along one of its two rift zones where the eruptions can build fissures, cinder/spatter cones, and even small shields. Messy business.

[@stephenhudson8739]

Are the Bandelier Caldera in New Mexico and I think there's another one called the Valles Caldera in New Mexico and there's one in California and I can't remember the name of it

[@shawnwillsey]

Long Valley

[@stephenhudson8739]

Is the Amboy crater a Caldera

[@skyedog24]

📜 🖊️

[@slidefirst694]

After the 1980 MtSt Helens eruption, a friend in Washington told me his town was covered in ash and it was frustrating because it was dense and hard to sweep up and trying to hose it off the driveway or yard didn't work, either

[@3xHermes]

[@rachelberry1570]

Thanks!

[@hansschleichert7852]

Thanks!

[@jackgreen9722]

Thanks!