Gibbs free energy and spontaneity | Chemistry | Khan Academy

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Intuition behind why spontaneity is driven by enthalpy, entropy and temperature. Introduction to Gibbs free energy. Created by Sal Khan.
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Chemistry on Khan Academy: Did you know that everything is made out of chemicals? Chemistry is the study of matter: its composition, properties, and reactivity. This material roughly covers a first-year high school or college course, and a good understanding of algebra is helpful.
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[@hamzie11]

For my final exam i said the reaction was SPONTEAUS I am now repeating the subject

[@samarthyadav4839]

😂

[@jenniferwang946]

Oof 🤧

[@knowledgechannelized5493]

First of all .......Repeat this once again🤣🤣

[@Vedicaa]

Idk why this is so funny😂😭

[@xiaowenxu1505]

It is just amazing!I never knew before where the energy released or absorbed by the reaction come from.I never knew why T is involved in calculating gibbs free energy.Thank you so much!

[@Sleduuschaya]

Gee people. Don't like it don't watch it. What can be slow for some is just the right pace for others. You want speedy stream of information? Go sit at the lectures in college. Or better yet, grab a text book and start "understanding at your own speed" instead of wasting your time critiquing somebody's charitable work. I am, for one, am very grateful for somebody who TOOK THEIR TIME and reiterated the information in a simple and a non-pompous way.

[@leenthebeenbag]

SPONTEOUS

[@Jonathan-rf5cp]

Sponteaus. lrn2spell.

[@qwertyuiop-ke7fs]

The Greek god of Entropy

[@nichithcn7119]

like that pole dance, lol

[@vult07]

Sponteous Spilatous

[@GODintheface88]

"imagine tryin to screwdrive something while runnin past it" haha amazing! totally using that someday

[@luchis117]

Spoteous sounds like a Greek Hero

[@Upgradezz]

😂

[@Masrur111]

Sal is the best!

[@Metanoiance]

pff... Who needs Campbridge or Harvard when you have the Khan Academy... You guys are the best! Brilliant and easy explanations! Makes learning FUN

[@clm4231]

Thanks Sal Khan, with your help I will be able to finish my medical program and eventually I will be able to help thousands of patients.

[@sciencenerd7639]

Sal's way of explaining things is so awesome

[@hatchedarea]

but in chemistry its always drilled into our heads that the reason increased temperature increases reaction rate because it makes particles more likely to hit each other, it seems in contradiction with the analogy that increased temp will reduce the spontaniety of the reaction. Why would increased heat help out a reaction sometimes and not in others? Is this simple a problem with the explanation they give to students?

[@108titan]

thank you! I like how you realised how good your analogy is around the 11 minute mark

[@hussam023]

After 10 mints of this video suddenly whole thermodynamics made sense....gr8 intuitive video

[@mrqreeny]

And from that day off, I started to understand 'Gibbs free energy'... This explenation definitely blew away all my questions about this topic :D Thnx!

[@ginoxxxx09]

Excellent! in less than 20 min more understanding of thermodynamics than dozens of lectures

[@ar33z]

You make me wanna do some videos of my own just to help others in the way this videos helps me, thank you :)

[@shix1Resolve]

I spent a whole week of classes learning this stuff, still confused. but after 20mins of khan academy my brain just learnt it all.

[@nahidsharmin]

I second this 💖

[@rebeccaliang8915]

You linked so many things together for me in this 17 min!!! Thank you so much!

[@green_block]

No Way. You can't compare that with Khan's video. That is just explaining how to do the math which has no need to explain. Even a 5th grader know how to do that!! On the other hand Khan's video helps us building intuitions on how things actually works. He explained the physical meaning of each and every properties. Finally, if you don't wanna learn more than a fifth grader but wanna pass the exams of your high school or university then you don't need to watch Khan's videos.

[@joshuawalker8297]

That was the best explanation of this concept I have ever seen.

[@stephensells6038]

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! This was extremely helpful

[@ull893]

Khan says, I feel pretty good about this equation. I agree with you Mr. Khan. Are u related to Salman Khan the actor anyway?? You are awesome...You are the avatar who is born to revolutionise the education system of this world.!!

[@LannieCamper]

Can you do a video on the graphs for these for the new Alevel syllabus please

[@dr.strange123]

Helpful video.

[@halitozgur6166]

Thanks to your guts, I have finally understood what Gibbs free energy is.

[@flowersbyellenoh9634]

Could you explain why in an endothermic reaction with positive entropy, the rxn is spontaneous when the temperature is high? I understand it mathematically but if you can show or explain at the atomic/molecule level, I would really appreciate it!

[@kavieyu2281]

It is a good one and it makes things more clear! Thanks a lot!

[@mollyclifford4087]

Ugh thank you so so so much!!!! Always the best and fun to watch!

[@drdoovey5425]

Yeah, I am aware decimals are above zero :P ... I was just pointing out that it could seem confusing to other people. I'm just talking in terms of explaining, It would be more simple to just say positive or negative, which are the agreed when dealing with the sign for energy. Just to be clear, I wasn't the one confused. I'm a chemistry tutor, and sometimes my students ask that exact question (albeit out of a bit of stupidity), but they are the ones who do get confused, and it doesn't help.

[@Donaldbeebi]

u made it intuitive for me, thanks

[@Limitless306]

brilliant

[@albadadkola3301]

thanks a lot!

[@rddaos]

He doesn't need to script every sentence, he just needs some notes so that he doesn't spend 30 minutes rambling to himself without presenting more than 30 seconds of information. But i suppose dummies can't absorb more than 30 seconds of information per 1/2 hour

[@13250]

Master, thanks man!!

[@dextrart]

amazing video and explanation, thank you so much!!

[@kagamer21]

Thank you!

[@VinceW271]

Cosider the Reaction: 2Hg) (s) --> 2Hg (l) + O2 (g) Bond: Hg=O 340kJ/mol O=O 498 kJ/mol How do i solve this? My answer was exothermic but it was wrong. It should be endothermic. This is how i solved it: Enthalpy Before: 2(340) = 680 Enthalpy After: 498 Change in Enthalpy: 498 - 680= -182 Therefore, the reaction is exothermic because energy is released from the bond. Can you please tell me what i did wrong and how to solve it. Thank You

[@sarahfaress5957]

so at equilibrium (forward rate equals reverse rate so the reaction is still moving in both directions) and delta G = 0, does this mean that the reaction is spontaneous in both directions? delta G = 0 means that the free energy of the reactants equals the free energy of the products so the probability for the reaction to move in both direction (spontaneously) is equal? Can someone please chime in?

[@nishantdaima34]

Thank U a lot.... Really..

[@redemptous]

Nice leisurely and clear explanation, thanks

[@mackinnon182]

i don't understand how in example 2 the second state is less entropic that the first. The first look like elements and the second a compound. Is the element more orderly? Or is that not important in terms of the demo?

[@Lilmystery21]

Thanks you keep inspiring people and keep doing great things

[@NaturallyHigh]

*I've used this in the Caribbean and the Netherlands.

[@rotivo99]

why do we want the equation to be negative? 13:37

[@idster7]

@rddaos he's made hundreds of videos. he probably doesn't have time to rehearse before every one of them. these lectures IMO are better at illustrating concepts than any i've seen on the internet. and they are free. so you have no grounds for argument.

[@lEmiliee]

aaaamazing video can't thank you enough

[@Myat-oh8iy]

In delta G values - 35 kJ mol-1 and -12 kJ mol-1, which value is closer to equilibrium?

[@Upgradezz]

thank you

[@sirixilus]

golden video

[@jeanlucthomson2323]

Does anyone else notice that the "Daily Statistics" shows huge spikes just before the exams? Seasonal trend, I wonder what it means?

[@ryandavis9455]

This is le chatelier: When heat is a product (exothermic), high temperature will shift the reaction toward the reactants and low temperature will shift the reaction toward the products. When heat is a reactant (endothermic), high temperature will shift the reaction toward the products and low temperature will shift the reaction toward the reactants.

[@elizabethchung5285]

THANK YOU

[@kipling1957]

Brilliant! Now I get it.

[@ashsiddique]

This really helped me, thanks!

[@EclipZeMuzik]

i really like this keep up the good work!

[@sayantanghosh6714]

Amazing explanations. Thank you!

[@chris082681]

Definitely helped... good thing i'm not studying english. i think i would sponteausly fail.

[@johnmosheim]

If g=0, and I do DH=DS*T, and then T= DH/DS=T, T can be negative, is that possible? What does that Temp represent?

[@hatchedarea]

@natymed360 Thanks for your answer. Actually, my sister typed up that comment, I'll be sure to pass your answer on to her.

[@cspower12]

I have a bio mid-term coming up, thank you :) :) :)

[@manohartk]

Awesome!! thanks..

[@RImAPhan]

thank you very much.

[@sxyngel]

very helpful video :O so easy to understand.. LOLs at the "magenta molecule part" (not pink ;p) gatta love brainy chemists

[@shauryaverma2705]

Legend

[@mijnkampvuur]

very well explained!

[@jenniferwang946]

I wasn’t even a kindergartner when this video came out lol.

[@caramelbutterfli]

Im struggling with how to find delta g for reactions with different temperatures. i know the equations but its not giving me a delta s or delta h. It just gives me an equation like 2NO(g)+O2(g)--->2NO2(g) at a temp of 715k and sayd find delta g. I dont understand how to relate delta g to the temperature.

[@rafaelblancovillafane3967]

What software do they use as a blackboard?

[@JohnHorak]

Absolutely. Just not for spelling :)

[@sidneydean.]

I disagree, if you want that sort of thing then watching your professor throw stuff on board is more fit for you. Hearing Sal think out loud as he goes along really helps people understand the information.

[@pratyushbadrinath3420]

Thanks a lot. Really helped :D

[@markpankiw5430]

Which videos precede this one ??

[@cptcabo]

Nice

[@umnonoob]

God bless you

[@aniyeats]

@leftgirl92 ya that's why he corrected it...

[@hrishikeshbhadke5373]

aniyeats hi

[@shauryaverma2705]

❤️❤️

[@rddaos]

If nobody mentions to him that he's taking 30 minutes to provide 2 minutes of information, then how will he know to improve?

[@vamsipothireddy2944]

East or west kban academy is best😁😁

[@christopherfanger9826]

Something that upsets me is how readily really smart scientists confuse mathematical probability with realistic possibility. Just because something is mathematically probable in a current mathematical conception of the universe does not mean that it correlates AT ALL to the realistic possibility of that outcome. To assume that it does would be to assume that our mathematical conceptions correlate perfectly with the world, that our math is a literal, perfect description of whats going on around us. But if it is that then why does it keep getting updated? Probability does not necessarily equal possibility, because the equation you're creating probability out of is not perfectly representative of the material universe. tl;dr - no its likely not possible that an egg could spontaneously generate itself from nothing. If Im wrong prove it to me.

[@surfrgrlsophia]

I was wondering why it's called Free energy?

[@nikvenkata]

@jsanford01 wrong "peace", and wrong prize :p

[@a199ify]

Marry Me?

[@DragonAbyssal]

I would probably find this easier to follow if it weren't an assignment. XD

[@nirvanaurantian6834]

This makes no sense. H2 + O2 + activation energy = H2O −286 kJ/mol. Thermodynamics taught and applied to chemical reactions? Na and CL come within 0.94 to 0.23 nm what happens?

[@satriowibowo3412]

Satrio present :)

[@MissRichox]

this guy has more degrees than i have fingers yet he cant spell spontaneous. he's my type of man alright.

[@yukiibeauty07]

and UK history!

[@child9125]

Gib me free energy sigh

[@jondoe9581]

PHOENIX LIGHTS = free energy

[@toomuchstupidmaths]

Correction, any student whatsoever in any country.

[@muninmatt]

good video, but you make your "N's" backwards. this was actually distracting :/

[@victorcheung9126]

peace.

[@harshith0001]

the analogy is getting weak here 😂

[@drdoovey5425]

saying delta H is < 0 is confusing... someone could misinterpret that as meaning a decimal, even though you mean a negative value....

[@angelaflaviano4418]

I have many problems about electrochemistry, can someone notice me? Help meee

[@joseguzman898]

Piece hehe it should be peace.

[@sidneydean.]

ooooook lets not get bent bucko

[@shimonyamaura8302]

spouteaus

[@juvedakhatun4537]

Is it Indian channel

[@furmankhann]

Plz tell me the name of teacher plzzz plzzzz

[@dompilipavicius5276]

Salman Khan, khanacademy.org