The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

If you would like a more comprehensive explanation of these laws, go to my classical physics playlist! Clips 28-31 cover the four laws, one law per video, and they are much more in depth than what is mentioned here!

[@kipling1957]

Thanks!

[@RM-th9ur]

Professor Dave Explains GOD BLESS YOU

[@shivanshlolayekar9668]

You look like JESUS

[@terminate5888]

Energy can flow from a colder object to a hotter one. Its just that the total energy transfer is to the colder one, hence the hotter one looses thermal energy and the cooler one gains thermal energy. But even if there both at the same temperature,but under different pressures, then there can still be a transfer of heat energy making one get colder and the other hotter even if they both initially have the same temperature, as of the heat intensity.

[@naman_ind]

Professor dave explains Trin tan.... I like that sound

[@crossovers5073]

This man saved me from failing my high school. I'm graduating with Physics honours next month. Thanks Dave ♡

[@TheGlass50]

Wow…,Congrats Sir

[@siddharthkumar4440]

This isn't enough boi 🥲🥲

[@marnick4229]

high school? im using this in university

[@nothing_tosee936]

​​@@marnick4229in India the syllabus is tough.We get to learn ochem,thermodynamics, inorganic at young age also calculus at age of 15

[@happytrails5342]

​@@nothing_tosee936that's crazy!!! Although, I bet you'd still have a hard time in western world on the college level

[@scottdemunnik7753]

I teach both high school physics and chemistry. In the unit of heat, both of these classes overlap quite a bit. It was hard to find a good video explaining the laws of thermodynamics and entropy. I like KHAN, but they are too long. Others are too abstract or goofy. This gets to the point quickly as you speak very clearly and with conciseness. Any high school science student would find these clips good to watch.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+Scott DeMunnik nothing makes me happier than my content going to good use in the classroom!

[@Akashascosset]

agreed. much more concise than the sometimes bumbling khan. but loosen up a bit. the only part that didn't seem like you were reading a script was the last part where you said to send you an email.

[@drasleona247]

Akashascosset Yeah exactly, not that I don't absolutely love Professor Dave's videos but like in Crash Course they tell a few jokes related to the subject, stuff like that that makes it seem more personal and friendly. Though his presidential parody video is quite funny, and I like the tattoo on his right arm :D

[@Bilbus7]

Akashascosset Well you can kindly shut your mouth. Jokes are for the weak. Straight to the point lectures are perfect for students who look these up.

[@prashamranjan5638]

idiot

[@kariminou1]

Professor Dave, I always enjoy watch your KZbin videos and admire you for working so hard to educate others. Big Thanks!

[@dheerajalladi6176]

ok sir

[@Shinotant]

Dave: There is a layer of math beneath the intuitiveness Me: *holds breath* Dave: ..we won't get into the math oh thank christ

[@wrongfulhermit]

welp he is christ

[@mungelomwaangasikateyo376]

😂😂😂

[@sashamuller9743]

at first you might not like the opening but after a couple of professor dave explains videos you'll be singing along no doubt

[@sweta9]

😂😂😹 I'm the living proof.

[@shreevatsak343]

Yeah I always sing it😂😂

[@the-real-sachin]

What?! I fell in love with that intro when I first saw that...

[@ramaraotumpala23]

@@shreevatsak343 yes I too always sing the song

[@ruthmasresha2639]

Absolutely

[@cnisp7198]

Never thought I'd be taught the Laws of Thermodynamics by the Jesus himself, but I'm going to take it

[@harshitamankotia6567]

I- 😭😭😭

[@gayatriramanan8505]

😂

[@ALLTHINGS-FUNNY]

😂😂😂

[@jackeroo75]

But Jesus is known to be black and not white!

[@meowmeow-lv6hy]

Lmaooo 🤣🤣🛐🙏🏼

[@ScarlettEvangelineKelly]

I'm a homeschooled sophomore. I watched this in seventh grade and took notes throughout. When it got to the question at the end, I actually got the right answer--without a calculator! It was explained so clearly and with such clever analogies. I'm watching it again just for fun! Thanks so much for this, Professor Dave! It answers a lot of questions for me and helps me understand much more about the way the universe works.

[@angelaelizando3105]

I will never look at hand soap the same way again. Your videos are all very informative.

[@tragedywtf5546]

same

[@sakadabara]

Dear Angela Elizando , do you know how difficult is actually to produce a soap ?

[@jonathan1613]

Angela Elizando I haven't for the past 15 years either...

[@VndNvwYvvSvv]

@@sakadabara Not too hard. Humans have been mixing ash with animal fat for a very long time.

[@sakadabara]

Uncomfortable Truth there was a long way from ash ‘n’ grease to Fairy the Dishwash liquid

[@lumiwang955]

Up to 5 min, I felt that I have learnt more than watching previously 50min of college chemistry teaching videos. Very concise and informative! Thank you!

[@marcusayala6933]

Is college then a scam?

[@jeonboi1009]

I am in first year of university studying chemical engineering and this video put the complex concepts very simply. Thank you!

[@Alex_R97]

Chemical engineering 🙌 - rare species...Me final yr

[@davinci5846]

@@Alex_R97 bro mee too but i m. newbie.. could u guys suggest anyway to learn the chemistry from. basics stuffs

[@maaarcosfavelaa1696]

What University are you studying at?

[@reshmasharma7889]

Me too a Chemical Engineer.

[@akashrai2524]

Im a Graduate Chemical Engineer

[@redwood1133]

Im not a college graduate i was in the military but i still find what your saying so fascinating... i want to learn. Dont give up on me

[@sagharzahedi7414]

Never give up

[@doraexplorer4372]

dont give up

[@yashshroff3841]

Mom: why is ur room so untidy?? Me: it's entropy broo *slipper flies across room*

[@terrancemckenna5302]

Just wanted to tell you that yes, your profile pic worked. I blew on my screen. Now I'm laughing. You got one lol

[@henrykid1393]

@@terrancemckenna5302 for me I see the circle is white but the background of comments is a tiny bit grey

[@alecthomas7408]

That’s about 50% true. Entropy increases with the input of energy. If you input energy to keep your room messy you could consider that to be increasing the change in the entropy of the surroundings. You could also increase entropy by dividing your room up into little sections that would create more cells, or you could also increase entropy by increasing the size and shape of your clothes and making them more complex to allow for more micro states. The possibilities are endless.

[@yashshroff3841]

@@alecthomas7408 bruh

[@thinginground5179]

@@terrancemckenna5302 Nice username. Love spotting a Terrance fan in the wild

[@BezzaDoc]

Thanks!

[@adammtroutman]

I love Professor Dave now. The man does his homework, and explains things so beautifully clear and concise. Respect

[@hridhyac4781]

Iam a malayali..l saw someny videos of others..but I can't understood thermodynamics..But from this I got everything Professor Dave ,now lam a big fan of u...thanks sir.. it's very nice👌👌 Keep going

[@upandatom]

This video was great! You're awesome at explaining the science stuff :)

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

thanks kindly! you've got a knack for it as well :)

[@upandatom]

thank you! means a lot :)

[@mariakhan6090]

You both are great!!!! Thanks a lot for the cool videos!!!!

[@sanjoosona]

Tnx🙏

[@Unknown_Ooh]

You both look like you could be related lol

[@carbon273]

That was scary I almost understood entropy😳

[@isra4489]

Me too 😢😢

[@VuthavadooVikshay]

• Second law: • A closed system naturally moves toward equilibrium. • Heat transfers naturally from Hot to Cold course. • The entropy of a close system always increases (irreversible process).

[@1829Emily]

It's the measure of energy dispersion. So entropy would increase if water went from a solid to a liquid because there's more "microstates".

[@vishank7]

You'll be even more scared if you'd watch Steve Mould's description of Entropy hahah. Do check it out bud!

[@krisgamingtm8234]

Entropy is the measure of randomness,in simple terms it's the measure of random movement,e.g universe expanding

[@saraswathii8039]

The explanation was so good that I could explain all the stuff to my friends clearly

[@leobuscaglia5576]

Excellent explanation. I am no longer into studying physics but as someone with a background in science i still enjoy watching these videos explaining the concepts of physics which might usually be difficult for students.

[@harrysharma1]

I feel it was useless to attend school, I am a Ph.D. student now and I feel Homeschooling following these videos could have been a better option, Thanks, sir:). Amazing explanation, I get to take some lectures and I am totally transferring your knowledge that I get here

[@allypezz]

Studied Chemical Engineering a while back and having a bit of a refresher on the basic principles. Really great job in explaining the abstract, which can take so long to understand. Learning 'what' and 'why' is so often conceded in favor of 'how' and 'when'. And yet it can be explained in 5 minutes.

[@braydenreince6340]

The part where you describe how soap works blew my mind! 10/10

[@awandagita8812]

I'm scrolling your video about fundamental of chemistry, I learned to recall my memories about it. I'm struggling to recall my first-second semester memories through my notes but I found out it really takes time. Prof Dave's simple explanation helps me a lot. Thanks!

[@sehmio]

Thank you for explaining things clearly and making it easy to understand! I really appreciate your time and effort Prof!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

thanks for watching!

[@cristianmarinescu3053]

Loved your comment on the first law of thermodynamics - "works perfectly fine, except for quantum". Nice nuancing of the concept!

[@nada6199]

This is the first time for me to understand gibbs free energy actually i watched so many videos before i watch you but i did not understand thanks alot ( you're the one :) )

[@SH-bl9wh]

Do you think it is possible that previous videos have helped in gaining some understanding before seeing this and feeling like 'wala, i get it now'. Is there a possibility that if you hadn't seen previous videos and saw this 1st you would understand it 1st time round? My questions are our of curiosity, notging personal to anyone

[@ts37924]

SIMPLY AMAZING THANK YOU PROF. DAVE !

[@kabirguron1697]

I've been having trouble understanding entropy for a long time. Your interpretation of entropy as a "dispersal or energy" really stuck with me. Thank you.

[@evelyntromp789]

I literally don’t understand how good you are at teaching. Like omg

[@alaindupont8988]

You're awesome dude ! I've recommended your KZbin Channel to my biology class :)

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+Alain Dupont (Kulggen) thanks for spreading the word!

[@lovelicky520]

I can't believe you literally made me understand this concept in 8min...You're so amazing

[@krispb-2.13.23]

Thank you Professor Dave I really appreciate all of your help!

[@tomcat193]

I spent 4 years in Bachelor's of Mechanical Engineering and Learned as much as this video. Thank you professor.

[@EmreBukusoglu]

Hi Dave- Micellization is actually (usually) an entropy-driven process. The reason is the destructuring of water molecules upon micellization.

[@Somyalohiavlogs]

hey can u please help...micelle formation should be DeltaS positive and endothermic process right??? i am so confused it was in my engineering paper

[@etornamtsyawo6407]

And the explanation about the soap, I represented my high school in a prestigious national science and maths quiz competition about 5 years ago and it was one of our questions. Really great explanation.

[@SerV689]

“Let’s check comprehension” bro wtf am I looking at 🤣🤣🤣

[@colanifakude9501]

Im doing a PhD in electrochemistry and working with high entropy alloys and oxides as electrocatalysts for energy conversion systems. This video is so comprehensive.

[@tylerpaquin4004]

Thank you very much, Professor Dave! Your analogies and explanations with regard to the Enthalpy and Entropy relationship were crystal clear. It truly shows that someone understands a topic by being able to break it down as if you were explaining it to a 5th grader.

[@rishabh741]

Best intro on KZbin

[@vutran4577]

Now I found out the true reason why my room is always messy. That's because of the entropy of the universe. My mom misunderstood me all the times "son, you're to lazy to clean up your room"

[@BudMartin03]

Heroes overcome entropy!

[@BudMartin03]

Or artists can celebrate it for what it is: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q6eTZZitpc6kicU

[@qaz-fi1id]

Entropy happens unless energy is put into the disorder so she was right

[@alecthomas7408]

@@qaz-fi1id Don’t you mean entropy happens when you put mote energy into a system? If you add energy to a system it would then be considered non spontaneous. The more energy you put into the system the more disorder you create and you increase entropy.

[@mrpedrobraga]

@@BudMartin03 He needs to put energy into displacing objects. He needs to do work.

[@zikermu]

Many teachers should take examples on your video to introduce these abstract notions of thermodynamics. Your explanations are very clear and concise. Your pedagogy is perfect. Thank you so much .

[@KiratAlreja]

Thanks Professor Dave , as always . Today is Teachers Day here in my country India A very Very Happy teachers day ! keep making videos and educating all! (Out of topic) - Do you like Breaking Bad? :P

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

of course! amazing show.

[@ishitabanerjee9289]

Professor Dave Explains sir today i saw your video for the first time and its damn amazing. I am from india. Where are you from ?🙂

[@mrsushi1192]

Kirat Alreja today is teachers day in 2018 :))

[@naman_ind]

@@-TayyabAwan Some body here from humanities 😂

[@saidevotees8256]

I m also from india .. professor dave sir advanced teachers day wishes to you..2019 September 5.. I m continuously watching your classes thank you so much sir for interesting explains.

[@krwada]

Sorry, a late comment. I am a big fan of you. This is perhaps the best under 10 minute lecture of Intro to Thermodynamics I have seen. Very few people can explain a very difficult subject as clearly as this! I would give this a big 10 thumbs up if I could.

[@dustinclark3390]

Thanks for clearing that up for me professor Jesus

[@dustinclark3390]

Also as an added bonus I know how soap works now

[@taimgamer9648]

Great effort❤❤ I am a Syrian Chemistry-Olypmiad member used to watch your Chemistry vedios Thank you very much❤❤

[@Lucho261094]

3:52 pure gold

[@vertergaminghd399]

Man you reply to all the comment to clear everyone's doubts #Respect

[@aartikushwaha3517]

Wow...you explain very well💙 Your teaching is superb...👍 And thanks for clearing my doubt 😊

[@etornamtsyawo6407]

Prof. David, thanks so much! I took chemical engineering thermodynamics course two years ago and I never understood the concepts. Now that I am preparing to enter the world of work, I thought I had to understand these things as they are part of the most fundamental concepts a chemical engineer should know. I should have watched this video last two years! I'm very grateful.

[@davidramos3410]

What do you do for work if you don’t mind me asking?

[@AK-di4rv]

I like the table at 5:18 Thanks much!

[@nish3003]

WOW! You just explained to me what my sir took one whole week of 40 minute classes, in just 8 minutes. Thank you.

[@tom_something]

Interesting to have the hills in the background. Spontaneity, as I understand it, can be thought of as a ball on a wavy terrain (we can just use a squiggly line) during an earthquake. On this wavy terrain, there are a few valleys, separated by hills. These valleys represent the different things our ball can do, just by occupying one of those valleys. Some of the valleys are higher than others. It can be easy to imagine that the ball might find its way from a higher valley to a lower one, but only if the ground is shaking enough that the ball can overcome the hill that separates them. Then the ball will most likely be moving faster than before, since overall it has rolled downhill. In many cases, this added kinetic energy can represent heat (since that's what heat is anyway). Similarly, the ball can actually go from a lower valley to a higher one, again if the ground is shaking enough. But if the ball goes in that direction, it will slow down. There's some funky interplay between the speed of the ball and the magnitude of the earthquake, since both of these essentially represent heat. That's where analogy breaks down a little.

[@YouMockMe]

The micelle graphic; blew my mind once the visual representation "clicked". Another awesome vid.

[@jollyjokress3852]

Entropy: I "fight" it daily.

[@MohitYadav-ks3hh]

What does this mean

[@jollyjokress3852]

@@MohitYadav-ks3hh entropy is a concept. I'm not a physicist so this is only my basic notion of entropy: Things go from state of high to low order in time. You need energy to create higher order and when the energy supply stops, things go into less order. An example: you need energy to build a castle. You put brick onto brick, cement between bricks and so on. The castle is the high order. When you just let time pass, the castle will eventually become a ruin. The ruin is of lower order than the castle. You didn't invest energy to maintain the castle. Entropy is everywhere in nature. You have to eat (food =energy) so your cells keep working. If you stop eating, you will die. What I mean by "I fight it daily" is: every day you have to work hard to keep things going and not falling apart, e.g. keeping your room in order because it takes energy to put everything back into place from where you took it; meeting friends because when you don't invest in friendships, they will fade ;)

[@jollyjokress3852]

@Vijay Veluri actually, the example of the castle is from Brian Cox. He explains entropy by a sand-castle :D

[@parths6865]

@@jollyjokress3852 wow science + philosophy Noice

[@pushpakmohokar1197]

straight from india, just showed your video to teachers. whoa! they showed to all class as reference. keep up the good work man.

[@binodtharu-zq2ol]

Why are you here danm

[@rimsoncorreia9233]

It was a great learning experience professor Dave

[@samjohn2984]

I'm a chemistry teacher and I just found the explanation I'll be using from today onwards. Brilliant!

[@Jesse_Meyer]

When he described soap I was like what the fuck the what.

[@vialactea5549]

This felt like a 30 min read. So much information condensed here. Thanks!

[@anuchand9263]

Nice explanation....my all doubts are clear now ....thanks professor dave

[@XxXAloyZXxX]

Currently studying the subject on the basic level. Learnt more from this video than 2 years of my uni. Thx a lot.

[@exsosus5002]

This is amazing. Ty Professor Dave. My concept of 'time' since I was a child is now just a theory for me and I use enthalpy and entrapy every moment of life to govern my decisions. I have since had a low stress life.

[@DobBylan_]

Lol stop lying

[@friedpicklezzz]

I don’t understand the equations behind it so I stick to the rationale and laws, which is super useful.

[@markcostello5120]

Professor Dave; "That's how soap works" Babylonians; "We just thought it cleaned stuff"

[@OBM21]

you have a knack for explaining this concisely.

[@frankiebobula8073]

Thank god for Professor Dave

[@burnsmybritches5857]

I thank science for professor Dave

[@gauravGupta-bk2sw]

I think most of the things about science are excellently fascinating to such an amazing level, that only the right person, can convey their depth.

[@eterentreelos1587]

Your videos are very didactic. They are also great to train English.

[@dfamilyjuice]

This really helped me better understand conceptually how Gibbs free energy relates to spinoidal decomposition and thermodynamics in general, thank you.

[@GglSux]

+Professor Dave Explains liked the video, how ever I found the "programming analogy" @2:10 a bit "odd" as I have read/heard the "diametrically opposite" being argued. I suspect this difference might depend on what "scale" You are observing/describing the "phenomenon" at. So in Your case You are describing it on a rather "high (macro) level", and only demanding a "general description" of the "state". How ever if You were to look at it at the "micro level", where You have to describe the position (and possibly momentum) of every atom, the liquid would be "harder to describe" and demand vastly more "code". And if I'm not mistaken (which happens ;) when talking about information theory the more random a file is the higher the entropy is considered, and the harder it is to describe it in a "shorter form" i.e. to compress it. And hence it's harder to ((losslessly)) compress a picture of a given size if it contains white noise than if it depicts a chequerboard ((or any other regular pattern)). I thought it might be usefull to know that this "alternative explanatory analogy"exists, especially since it's so "different". Just my 5c's. Keep up the good work Best regard

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's true, i've heard quite a bit of opposition to the analogy, and am beginning to regret including it. it seemed valid, of course strictly as an analogy and not a literal description of entropy, and a way to help students rationalize the dispersal of matter and energy tending to be spontaneous, but it may be creating some confusion as well. at any rate next week i am releasing new tutorials on the laws of thermodynamics that are much more comprehensive than this one so i would love to hear what you think about those! particularly the second law.

[@GglSux]

+Professor Dave Explains Ok, it wasn't meant as a critique, rather just a "heads up" in case You weren't familiar with it. As I have only heard and read it used in the context of "information theory" and it was quite a long time ago I thought it might have "gone out of style" or maybe was isolated to use in that specific field/context. But You seem to be both familiar with and on top of it :) And though I don't think I'm generally competent to giving critique on these topics, I will "send a comment" if I think I have something constructive to contribute after viewing Your other videos. Good luck with Your future work, here and elsewhere. Best regards.

[@AlexDocauer]

As a computer scientist trying to get a refresher on chemistry, this really threw me for a loop.

[@failranch9542]

I came here looking for this exact comment. Thanks for owning it Professor Dave.

[@lunaw7962]

Gave myself a high five when I got the comprehension question correct. That’s so much

[@justinthehippo]

dave grohl helping me with my bio final *calm face emoji*

[@ravciozo2137]

And both this guy and Grohl have even the same name xD

[@AS-mm4pn]

Yeah both of these Dave s look similar and once I asked this Dave whether he is a musician or not.And he said he had been a life long musician.

[@Palladiumavoid]

Kalm

[@llll-lk2mm]

@@AS-mm4pn He plays piano, there are a few vids of him on a channel by his name!

[@deanbarber8851]

Thank you Professor Dave i wish all teachers can teach the same way you teach

[@silly_humor_memes2907]

Whenever I see you, I remember "Chemistry Jesus" Can't stop laughing 🤣

[@hazel6034]

Wtf I can't unsee 😭 AHAHAHAHAH

[@kaustubhi5910]

You are saving my grades .Thank you for existing

[@shahecoello]

Professor Dave! Your lessons are world class! Thank you so much.

[@autodidacticartisan]

Omg ive watched alot of science youtube. Tens of thousands of videos over the years. But never have I been greeted with a pop quiz at the end! You rock dave 🎸 🎉

[@asr2954]

thanking you sir It was super explanation..and I got good clarification

[@immaculatemphepo2062]

Now I have understood Gibbs Free Energy from you my Professor ❤

[@jabirkhan4976]

thanx sir for your contribution in educating people

[@sasitharandecruz3511]

sale tu

[@jackson0217ify]

This man is the only way I passed gen chem during the summer with an A. I watched his videos religiously

[@tonio909]

No clue how I ended up here, but what a great mistake it was, you are seriously awesome!

[@GlaxzoreBlazer]

Wow really easy to understand until you hit the equations! I am a freshman in high school and ,y engineering teacher went over Thermodynamics in class but not really giving Greshman a chance and instead resorted into asking the seniors. I decided that I should look into this knowing I like science a lot. You helped me out a lot to understand entropy and how it works. Now my teacher will be even more pleased that I'm taking his course into my own personal life and learning and comprehending everything. Thank you for the good explanation! You saved me a lot of time 👍🏻

[@GlaxzoreBlazer]

Sorry about the misspelling, auto correct and simple typos.

[@fuhrer8635]

3:00 AM in the morning and my smart ass got curious in thermodynamics

[@moralesfabricio]

very helpful video, thanks a lot!

[@rickrose5377]

This is the first of these I've seen. Professor Dave is awesome.

[@rozepyracantha5574]

Your channel is a gold mine. Thank you ♡

[@ARYAN-vj1ng]

thanks for being so good in explaining ,i found best channel for my doubts just a few day back.I really appreciate your approach ,please keep clearing the concepts and making it easy for us to understand. Thanks sir.

[@CoughSyrup]

"[...] and as an aside, let me drop some knowledge on saponification: [...]" Nice.

[@lovelicky520]

Studying for biochem exam! Thank you so much this is way better than the long ass lecture videos that I get from my lecturer😭😭😭💖💖💖

[@shubhra729]

0:03 this is so addictive☻️

[@ChewyTwee]

The micelle explanation for the way systems can seemingly defy the 2nd law of thermo is really good, if not cuz I honestly didn't know how soap really worked until now.

[@nishantsrivastava3101]

now i can easily understand thermodynamics

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

wait until i post thermodynamics tutorials in my physics course, they are much better than this one!

[@nishantsrivastava3101]

thanks

[@Chenoah.]

Found your channel studying for praxis. All of your videos help so much. Thank you, thank you!

[@charlespiety5229]

thank you professor. :)

[@lajc2580]

Thank god this video exists it helped me understand better for AP bio. THANK YOU

[@jaybhanushali5362]

At 3:11 it is said that entropy is zero at 0K but unit of entropy S is J/K And if we substitute temperature as 0K the entropy would be infinite and not zero as mentioned, right....??? I am a bit confused ...

[@mixadengitti]

Division by zero is not defined, so no, it is not infinite. Besides, it is a unit, not a variable which you can substitute for a value. The formula for entropy is S=k*ln(O).

[@carultch]

The units Joules/Kelvin in the context of entropy units don't mean what you think they mean. It doesn't mean take the ratio between the present total energy of the substance, and the present temperature. In the context of being heat capacity units Joules/Kelvin will mean that, but not in the context of entropy units. Entropy associated with heat transfer is really defined in terms of an integral, where we "add up" (or rather integrate) every value of reciprocal absolute temperature (1/T), as every unit of heat is transferred between systems (dQ). If temperature remains constant, the integral turns into a simple division problem of total heat transfer (Q) divided by absolute temperature (T). As an example of how to use this formula. Consider a building being maintained at a temperature of 300 Kelvin, on a day when the ambient temperature outside is 270 Kelvin. Suppose we heat the room with a furnace that delivers 5000 Watts once achieving steady-state. What is the rate of entropy generation due to the heat irreversibly transferring across this temperature difference? The answer: (the "_dot" notation means rate per unit time) Entropy lost by the building: S_dot_bldg = Q_dot/T1 Entropy gained by the environment: S_dot_env = Q_dot/T2 Entropy generation: S_dot_net = S_dot_env - S_dot_bldg S_dot_net = Q_dot*(1/T2 - 1/T1) = 5000 W * (1/270K - 1/300K) = 1.85 Joules/Kelvin per second.

[@carultch]

When temperature is zero kelvin in the heat transfer entropy formula, you will indeed get infinity, due to the problem of dividing by zero. What it means is that if you maintain a heat sink at zero Kelvin, anything at a finite temperature that is transferring any amount of heat to that heat sink, will generate an infinite amount of entropy. This will not happen in practice, because once you transfer any amount of heat energy to that heat sink, it will no longer be at absolute zero. This is an infinitesimal singularity in the overall scope of the heat transfer process in question. Also, the closest we've ever found any object to absolute zero, is 100 picokelvin in a laboratory, or 1 Kelvin in nature.

[@jaybhanushali5362]

@@mixadengitti Thank you for the explanation

[@jaybhanushali5362]

@@carultch Thank you for the explanation to you too, i have finally got the point

[@keypo790]

I will literally starting watching your videos every sunday religiously.

[@PEUUDA]

I finally got it. Thank you.