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After being hotly contested by various powerful civilizations and empires throughout history, the territory of present-day Syria was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1516. Under Ottoman rule, the Syrians had a relatively peaceful life, as the Ottoman Turks, as Muslims, respected Arabic as the language of the Quran and regarded the Syrians as defenders of the faith.
With the fall of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, Syrian territory came under French control. Under French rule, the first Syrian states were created and the Syrian Republic was formed in 1930. After a series of nationalist demonstrations, the Syrians officially gained their independence in 1946.
The post-independence period began with turmoil, with the country going to war with Israel in 1948 and experiencing a series of coups d'état in 1949. Then, through another coup in 1963, the period known as Baathist Syria began, a period in which the country came to be governed by the Ba'ath Party through a totalitarian system.
In 1970, Hafez al-Assad, also through a coup d'état, took power and began the long period of Assad family rule in the country. This period was marked by authoritarian rule, repression of the opposition and totalitarian practices. Hafez was succeeded by his son Bashar al-Assad in 2000, who continued his policies.
Syria entered a serious civil war in 2011, fueled by the events of the Arab Spring. This war, which is technically still ongoing, devastated the country and generated the largest refugee crisis in the world. In this video, you will learn more about this period of Syria's history and understand how the country got to its current situation.
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