The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

The creation, rise, and fall of the Ottoman Empire
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Credits
- Research: Mrs Scope
- Audio: Seb. Soto
- Storyboard / Animation
www.artstation.com/turkbud
/ turk_bud
/ turkbud
Social Media
Discord: / discord
Reddit: / historyscope
Twitter: / scopehistory
Instagram: / officialhistoryscope
Facebook: / averythingchannel
My music playlist while animating: • My Music Playlist
Sources:
www.britannica.com/summary/Ke...
Kia, M. (2008) The Ottoman Empire. Greenwood Press
Finkel, C. (2006) Osman’s Dream - The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books
Howard, D. A. (2017) A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press
Inalcik, H. (1997) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press
Fromkin, D. (1989) A Peace to End All Peace. Henry Holt
Quataert, D. (2005) The Ottoman Empire 1700 - 1922. Cambridge University Press
Source: (Ed.) Inalcik, H. (1997) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press
Fromkin, D. (1989) A Peace to End All Peace. Henry Holt
Quataert, D. (2005) The Ottoman Empire 1700 - 1922. Cambridge University Press

[@HistoryScope]

The audio engineer couldn't find good high quality recordings of many of the songs in this video. So they remade 13 of them and we uploaded them on our third channel, Music Scope, so you can listen to them yourselves as well: kzbin.info/door/kH3AD8-uCAJYW7Q9I0ZJig

[@xylobol]

epic

[@Scwarzkop]

what's your second channel?

[@polyherb4096]

wow lol. also you have a audio engineer?

[@HistoryScope]

The second channel is called Extra Scope. It doesn't have any content yet, though. You also won't be able to find it if you search for it AFAIK.

[@gavrielpapas773]

@@HistoryScope I think you watched too much Game of Thrones. Janissaries did undergo circumcision and not castration. Eunuchs won't make up a whole army of strong people unless it's in the GOT fantasy world. It's a huge mistake you made, you gotta fix this or no historian will ever take you seriously.

[@kmmmsyr9883]

Some errors: - Ottoman Empire didn't exist for 700 years, it existed for 620 or 623 years (its founding date is disputed, either 1299 or 1302. also it's fall is 1922 by Ataturk abolishing monarchy in Turkey) - Janissaries were not castrated. Only castrated people employed by Ottoman government were eunuchs in harems or people who rised to higher positions from being an eunuch. Close to being castrated, however, janissaries were forbidden from marrying until their retirement (until the reign of Selim the Grim). In fact, many people who rised to higher positions from being a janissary even married the sisters and daughters of the sultans and had children with them.

[@oguzhan9424]

One of the Turkic empires, we had many of them (at the same time) spanning a timeline over 2000 years.

[@kmmmsyr9883]

@@oguzhan9424 I didn't say anything to the contrary?

[@abdirahmanmohammed4738]

I was confused when he said the janissaries where castrated and tried to search google and Wikipedia for any articles that indicated so but I couldn't find anything.

[@Mustafa1998]

@@abdirahmanmohammed4738 they were not allowed to marry, however later that changed

[@no8to8racism]

The castration thing also startled me. I knew they weren't eunuchs.. Thanks for confirming

[@saurovaki]

I've always been interested in the Ottoman Empire but I wasn't sure how to comprehend its history in a linear fashion so thanks so much for this video :)

[@the-angel-of-light-gardevoir8]

Coincidentally enough one of the Ottomans most iconic rivals is Poland which is historically a Jewish stronghold

[@Berat-mm6pj]

@@the-angel-of-light-gardevoir8 so was the ottoman empire. Have a good day sir🖐🏼

[@joeshar.]

To understand Ottomans; you should understand Turks and their history starting from Central Asia, a part ended in East Europe way before Ottomans (Huns); then other part Seljuks take over Persia, Middle East and opened the gate to Anatolia. Ottomans have started from that time. If Ottomans have influenced the events in European history; Turks in Central Asia have influenced the events in China and India.

[@the-angel-of-light-gardevoir8]

It is pretty ironic though that the Ottomans historically a very progressive nation Genocided the Armenians in the last years of its life

[@Berat-mm6pj]

@@the-angel-of-light-gardevoir8 that's really ironic (even though nobody knows if the government itself ordered more than the deportations). May everyone be punished that caused this misery to the unguilty

[@warcrimeswilly631]

I would love to see a video like this on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, an important yet overlooked country. There seems to be no in depth video like this on the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and I think it would make a very interesting topic.

[@HistoryScope]

It's going on the list of future topics

[@eyekombie3638]

Russian Empire would also be an interesting topic, because their fall was both very interesting and complicated. It would be interesting to hear, how imperial government system, army and ideology collapsed, not just "tsar was bad, then 1917 and Soviet Union"

[@warcrimeswilly631]

@@HistoryScope I'll look out for it

[@yerma6847]

@@eyekombie3638 it's not difficult to understand the Russian empire failed to win important battles in major wars starting with the crimean then the first ww plus the lack of understanding of how Europe was advancing a society they stayed as an agrarian empire while the big boys industrialised leaving the Russians as the backward country where as britian and the Germans had parilments and officials outside the royals the Russians had direct rule which left them easy to manipulation ie rasputin (he might or might not have been using the tsar as a puppet for his mysticism) but as the R.E lost touch with its people and basically abused and starved it's people the Germans saw a chance to send a rebel called Lenin to start the bolshavic revolution which is what lead to the down fall even the Americans and the British tried to stop the communists by sending troops to arkangelsk to lead a counter coup bt its basically failed empire lost touch was over thrown after colossal balls up in major wars

[@brittking3990]

I don’t think that would be a good idea…I mean honestly no one gives 2 shits about Poland or Lithuania. But good luck!

[@ChrMuslimThor]

The Janissaries were circumcised, not castrated.

[@shaunybonny688]

I was going to say, castrated soldiers, that doesn’t seem like a good idea.

[@williamdavis9562]

@@shaunybonny688 Yea it's just terrible research on the part of the guy who made the video. Imagine a bunch of castrated soldiers storming a castle? Not going to end well.

[@HistoryScope]

Yes, I messed that up.

[@williamdavis9562]

@@HistoryScope 40 minute video with that few mistakes? It's a job well done my man. Although I'm still laughing at the idea of a castrated army charging a city 🤣🤣

[@daylight3325]

What’s the difference. I feel cheated. I hear it’s way more sensitive with the skin. Tf mom.

[@ondank]

It honestly boggles my mind that the taxation on spices was SO steep that European countries decided that it made more sense to sail around a continent in voyages that took months, then to pay those taxes.

[@haldir3120]

I would argue high prices drives competitors to enter the market.

[@theCosmicQueen]

lol don't imagine for one second it was a bout taxes, it was about warfare and an enemy taking over the former trading partner, the Byzantines. And the entire trade route for shipping.

[@ondank]

@@theCosmicQueen citation needed

[@adamthemyth]

They were the OG libertarians.

[@akkadian102]

@@theCosmicQueenYea but a smart empire would still allow trade to pass through their territory. They didn’t have an embargo on the European nations they just had really high tariffs because of the monopoly ground trade routes.

[@rawka_7929]

The Empire's rise is impressive really, taking advantage of the weakened powers around them slowly getting larger and more powerful honestly it's intriguing history

[@majkel1684]

That's pretty much how every empire ever created rose to power

[@rawka_7929]

@@majkel1684 not saying it ain't, but ig it's more intriguing to me because I'm from around the region they originally rose in, not happy about it but eh

[@williamdavis9562]

@@rawka_7929 Don't see how that affects your life in anyway, shape or form. Not happy about what? Events that took place 700 years ago? lol

[@rawka_7929]

@@williamdavis9562 it did majorly shape my life due to sheer butterfly effect alone, if the ottomans didn't exist and let's say I'm still born all these years later shit would be majorly changed

[@oddshaft4851]

@@rawka_7929 well, cope about an event that happened 700 years ago then

[@grinchgames98]

The Ottoman Empire is an amazingly interesting empire, it’s progression from a rising star with a monopoly on religious tolerance in the Middle Ages to a nationalist, backwards second-rate power it very intriguing.

[@xp8969]

So basically America in slow motion

[@joemama-yf7gn]

@@xp8969 B R U H

[@straw_hat1579]

@@xp8969 B R U H

[@huseyinfurkankardiyen2104]

Too much self confidence, luxurious way of life of city dwellers and lazyness brought end of Empire. They did little to combat and follow European colonialism. Ottoman could have easily pursue and achieve profitable trade and diplomatic agreements with Indian, Afghani, Middle Eastern, Indochinese and Central Asian factions because of common culture, religion and nationality. They were of course so confident and arrogant by the time they realized they were not the biggest it was too late

[@oguzhan9424]

A few notes: it was the brightest star mostly and watch out who you call "backwards".

[@lukasnowak9770]

I have been watching your videos since the Aztec empire one. Still happy to rewatch most of them once in a while. Keep up the great work! 👍

[@thebestcentaur]

"What were they gonna do, sail around Africa?" Europe: *so anyway, I started sailing*

[@degox99]

For anyone who wanted more about the ottoman/turkey, the channel kraut has a 4 hour documentary divided in 3 videos that is amazing (and very dense)

[@bltsevdallarfanclub641]

Kraut's second and third videos are biased.

[@onuraslanfb07]

@@bltsevdallarfanclub641 To be honest all of his videos are biased. If you want objective sources where you can interpret your own meanings of them you have to read books

[@AB-lg2hd]

@@bltsevdallarfanclub641 how is he biased

[@bltsevdallarfanclub641]

@@AB-lg2hd the US intervention is downplayed. Like he doesn't talk about the whole "Green Generation" project when USA funded religious extremists to support cults etc... Those cults now hold a significant power among the goverment. Just past months 2 cops got attacked by them. And Erdoğan and other ministers doesn't actually know what they are doing. The neo-ottomanism is just public propaganda and larping while we as public try to live in harsh conditions. His videos are overall are better than average but still falls the same mistakes as some other people like thinking "Enver was a Turanist/pan Turkist" or "Ataturk adopted an Ermenian Genocide victim girl". Those stories are fake for example. Enver paşa tried to fight aganist reds after he fucked up as a leader in Ottoman Empire but it wasn't a "Turanist ambition" thing. Returning to Erdo, he openly admitted he was in "middle east project" time to time before. Or his ministers has shown their true colours. For example last month a former AKP(erdo's party) member whislteblowed some conversations. When the first refugee wave came some of AKP members said things like "hopefully our sons/daughters will marry these refugees" because they were pan/islamist scum(I am a muslim but these guys are retarded af) that think making country go to a civil war is okay. There are more examples like how Turkish ministers agreeing on principles that disadventages Turkey no matter where you look at at EU conferances etc...

[@ludvigholst4767]

@@bltsevdallarfanclub641 His takes me a lot of sense in those videos and he brings up why he is negative towards a subject when he is. Also hope this isn't an armenian genocide denial thing

[@MasterMalrubius]

Thank you. I really enjoyed that. I knew the basics of the fall of the Ottoman Empire. However, you provided more detail which helps understand how it was steadily defeated and diminished.

[@Plantrum]

Interesting video. I always liked your content. Even at its roughest, its still very informative. The dept that you go to that others don't dare to is extremely helpful. Thank you for what you do.

[@thomasjohnson2862]

Always get super excited when I see a new History Scope video pop up! Informative as ever

[@gurkeschurke6667]

6:16 I hate how it's portrait like the whole army consists of jannisarys. The jannisarys branch was small and its main purpose was to serve as bodyguards, not to win battles. This downplays the achievements of the army and overestimates the importance of jannisarys. edit: they where not castrated thats downright stupid to assume.

[@geraffgurung]

Jannisaries was not mostly concentrated into bodyguard duties, but also policemen, and firefighters in peace time. Although it's true that they are indoctrinated imto palace guard duties and bodyguard during battles, they were mostly the majority - if not, the only infantry-oriented unit of the battle. Theres also other types of bodyguard units of the Ottomans such as the Silahdar & Kapikulu Sipahi. Sultans usually commited Jannisaries either to lunge attacks or be indoctrinated within a strategy that they created, they are a chip to win battles like Fall of Constantinople, Battle of Mohacs, Siege of Rhodes, Siege of Esterzgom, Battle of Chaldiran and many other. But you are right - Cavalry and other factors such as the Celebi Corps are predominantly apart of the Ottoman Army due to their manpower composition, and their unique role that lubricates balances amongst the Army.

[@HistoryScope]

True, but for the sake of military expansion they were mostly important as a military force. Hence why I talked about the military aspect when talking about military expansion.

[@Sadoyasturadoglu]

You're also confusing devshirme and janissaries, the majority of Janissaries were ethnically Turkic (in the 17th-19th centuries) devshirmes were Christians.

[@aleksanderzhuli9607]

I was going to comment as well on the 'castrated' part, which is inaccurate, to say the least. thanks

[@ptolemy_1427]

Excellent presentation as always, but I feel the need to correct one small mistake: The Janissaries were never subject to castration(since they were destined to be elite warriors), that would be the standard eunuchs.

[@millehugo2879]

I thought that sounded weird because that would probably make them less aggressive.

[@auror9792]

Maybe he meant circumcised 😂

[@chrisk5651]

They were circumcised not castrated. The guards of harem were castrated & thus were eunuchs.

[@ptolemy_1427]

@@chrisk5651 Well of course they were circumsized, since they were all converted to Islam.

[@chrisk5651]

@@ptolemy_1427 yeah but he had said that they were castrated which wasn’t the case & Auror ‘97 said that “Maybe he meant circumcised” so I chimed in.

[@CONSTVNTINE]

6:21 Janissaries were not castrated. Just circumcised.

[@SiVlog1989]

As ever, as expected from Avery's content, this video taught me more about the history of something than I would have thought possible :). When I was a kid, specifically being taught about historical events like the Crimean War and the First World War, little to nothing was taught about what made up those power blocks. The Ottoman Empire was no different. When I first started learning about those two significant moments in British military history, we were told about who led France at the time, who led Russia and briefly mentioned why the Crimean War started, but no context was given to what the Ottoman Empire was nor why two predominantly (nominally) Christian nations came to the defence of a predominantly Muslim Empire. Next to the Falklands War, the Crimean War seems (to me anyway) one of the most bizarre conflicts in British Military history

[@annatamparow4917]

Not really! Even the current war is a Russian attempt to gain control of the Black Sea! In the Crimean war the French and the English attempted a stopgap measure, the former to safeguard their Indian dominions, the latter to expand their colonies. Remember Tennysonś poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade? By that time everyone had moved forward in artillery except the Ottomans.

[@joeshar.]

In the very beginning; there are also 2 more main events in World history directly or indirectly triggered by The Ottomans. 1-Fall of Constantinople and Byzantium let scholars migrate to Italy which triggered Renaissance. 2-Just like the relationship between Ottomans-Balkans-WW1; similar relationship between Ottomans-MiddleEast-Today's conflicts.

[@Shimra8888]

1299 - 1922 … amazing run. The Ottomans connected Tamerlane and Hitler. And why was it the Sick Man of Europe? Why isn’t the Spanish, Portuguese and Venetians considered the Sick Man of Europe?

[@Hoaxe72]

Basically it became so easy to push around the ottomans. British company’s had monopoly’s in Tobbaco etc.

[@Ultizer]

it's an unfair title really. Ottoman's were at the end of their long run.

[@lovelylavenderr]

Probably because they were white...

[@HighPeakMapping]

I've been waiting for a video about the Ottomans from you, great job!

[@icecream6256]

So complacency and procrastination really adds up and brings you down in the long run, good thing to learn. I'll stop procrastinating after i watch the next documentary video

[@sheevpalpy]

One detail you got mixed up: it wasnt the Young Turks who wanted to promote a national Ottoman identity based around Islam (Pan-Islamist), but rather the Young Ottomans. The Young Turks were the ones to depose Sultan Abdulhamid II in 1908, who sought to emphasise a Turkish identity within the empire. Overall other than that great video

[@thebristolbruiser]

Yes, good point. This is why the Young Turks sought to “Turkify” regions of Asia Minor with large minority populations, resulting in the Armenian genocide, the Assyrian genocide, and the Greek genocide.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@thebristolbruiser and Dinosaur Genocide as well

[@parsifal40]

​​​@@papazataklaattiranimamNever forget the Jewish genocide commited by Adolf "Bozkurt" Hitler Pasha who was actually Turkish (Also the Nazis are Hun so they are Turkish too)

[@ManZarak-md1kl]

😂😂😂😂​@@papazataklaattiranimam

[@iTsGhosty24]

now i can spend 37 minutes of my life listening to something interesting. keep up the work up 👍

[@furyninja1625]

I've always been curious about the Ottomans, I've only heard about their role in WW1 and the collapse but they never taught us about its rise or its society or anything in school

[@horvatlovren7198]

Criminal imperialist empire that terrorised, subjugated and kept the lands they occupied poor. In the Balkans even 100 years after those imperialists were kicked out, we are still suffering from their 500 year occupation.

[@9delta988]

Depends where you live. In western europe we are edudated (although not in dept) on the Ottoman empire. You have to remember there is a lot (and I mean a lot) of history in the world, this is why school sticks to the stuff that helps to explain the world you live in today. For example someone from Kenya doesn't need to know about the northern wars and an chilian does not need to know about Shaka Zulu because they had no effect on the society they live in today.

[@dg697]

@@9delta988 While in Balkans all they teach us for most part are the ottoman genocides and wars with our nations. So while we don’t have extensive knowledge of Ottoman empire itself we learn a lot about ottoman presence in these regions .

[@salihgurbuz2344]

@@dg697 Most of these are lies. The Ottomans did not commit genocide like France, Germany etc. They invested a lot especially in the Balkans, they were tolerant. The French and British empires stayed in the places they occupied for 50-100 years and the people there even forgot their own languages, but the Ottomans ruled most of the Balkans for 400 year but in spite of that for example, Greeks speak Greek, not Turkish.

[@dg697]

@@salihgurbuz2344 Oh so you wanna teach me history of my own culutre . They did commit genocide you can read about it. They took children from their families and coverted them to islam, they did many horrible things as empires tend to do.

[@mlcooks8663]

Very informative. Best docu on the ottoman empire I've seen

[@HierophanticRose]

One small thing, Conquest of Vienna was also mainly to facilitate entry into Italy not Central Europe alone, as by then Ottomans had lost the naval superiority and given up on aiming for Italy via naval route from the south But otherwise great research into industrialization efforts of the late Empire, not many know of it.

[@coineineagh]

Netjes hoor! Nice to have Dutch representation among the history channels. And your humour is very well timed: sometimes less is more. Keep up the good work.

[@joenichols3901]

This is a great video. I focus on Anglo history (I'm an American of English/German descent) so I relate more to it but I wanted to learn more about the Ottoman empire. Specifically when I learned how Spain developed deep water navigation in large part to circumvent the Ottomans in the spice trade. Or the other big one being the Battle Of Vienna where they almost took over Europe. This is great for a newbie such as myself

[@carpediem1981jfa]

Spain due to the Portuguese presence in Africa and the Ottoman Empire are the reasons to go East, without the Ottomans it would have not been Spanish Empire.

[@killer3000ad]

One thing not mentioned in this video but had spurred the practice of secluding the Sultan's sons in the palace was the practice fratricide amongst potential heirs. In a form of social Darwinism, whenever the ruling sultan died, it became a race to the throne amongst his sons to see who could shore up the most support. This sometimes resulted in civil wars but more often than not it led to brothers killing each other. In one event, a newly crowned sultan had all his younger brothers who still children, murdered to prevent any rivals to his thrown. This cruel practice eventually led to the practice of secluding heirs in the palace rather than posting them as administrators outside the capital to gain experience.

[@Pulkit__7]

Seems like the common theme here is: GREED

[@ONI_002]

i love the ottoman history! i myself as a german who has never been to turkey or the middle east have always been interested in the region and especially the ottoman empire. great to see that this channel which always goes so nicely into detail and with amazing visualization does a vid about this topic!

[@anathardayaldar]

My favorite snack when I was in Berlin were Doner Kebabs

[@islamicottoman6445]

Kaiserreich ❤️ Ottoman Empire

[@youtubearsivi9223]

Visit us some day.

[@SpaceKebab]

@@anathardayaldar AHH MAN i went to visit my family and i miss doner so much :(

[@Raveded]

​@@youtubearsivi9223man I am broke as hell. Wish I could visit

[@emmanuelflores1557]

amazing quality as expected keeping working hard!

[@MirageGSM]

Nice video. Interesting it came out one day after Megaprojects did one on a similar topic - Railways in the Ottoman Empire.

[@Lufefe]

Just when I was looking for something to listen to while I code, I see the notification for this video. Happy days 😄

[@mariusvarna868]

Ottoman history explained simply and in a great order, simply a marvelous video.

[@pvm0212]

The Art has greatly improved lately, keep it up

[@sa4555]

Brilliantly done summary of a long and complex history of Ottomans. The phrase by the researcher "Lot of Wars". yeah that is pretty much the perfect phrase to talk about all those conflicts.

[@justinleemiller]

The Ottoman architecture in Israel and Lebanon is gorgeous. It’s really sad to see it torn down to build modern crap.

[@sinnyawesome7037]

is getting rid of an emperor and building democracy bad? you might be the crap!

[@CliffCardi]

The Ottoman Empire was once a superpower that spanned 3 continents. But then, everything changed when The Winged Hussars arrived.

[@williamdavis9562]

The Winged Hussars? Seriously?

[@kaldirdimgobegi]

They were hyperpower too ( i mean the period that when they were ruling Hungary too )

[@hussainashraf5179]

crimean tatars betrayed ottomans thats why

[@kingduck6728]

Bruh no other countries caused the fall of the empire Ottomans themselves caused the fall of the ottomans

[@dylan380jwz]

Good video as always, thanks for making it!

[@3-DtimeCosmology]

That clears things up alot for me, thanks! 😊

[@codyjoe2442]

love your videos keep up the good work 😀😀

[@p00bix]

20:31 There lived a certain man in Russia long ago He was big and strong, in his eyes a flaming glow Most people looked at him with terror and with fear But to Moscow chicks he was such a lovely dear He could preach the Bible like a preacher Full of ecstasy and fire But he also was the kind of teacher Women would desire

[@hydrolifetech7911]

Nice catch! Reminded me of the scandal about Rasputin song tune stolen from a Turkish folk song

[@timeisapathwalkingtounderstand]

Thank you for the video. Here in New York City 1:14 a.m. Sunday March 5th watching and learning how the Ottoman empire fell.

[@SB03182]

Great video! I have enjoyed every single second. I need it history refresher course! Thank you!

[@daireg7921]

Your videos are some of the best historical information I’ve found on KZbin, I really look forward to your next video

[@ffarkasm]

6:21 The janissaries were circumcised, not castrated. Big difference. Just imagine if you were forced to chose from the two.

[@JacquelineKristol]

Great video! Thanks for the work and research! It lacks details as expected from a video covering 4 centuries of politics in 37 minutes, and has mistakes here and there, but overall, quite amazing. ❤

[@SarahET]

Amazing video I really cannot say more, well done, I loved every single second

[@R0dolphus]

Never really thought how much The Ottomans shaped my country, and every other.

[@mavislenya1110]

Janisseries didn't become the main part of the army until its later years. That was the Sipahi that was the main part of the army, which were the equavalent version of feudal lords and their levies.

[@yolakin8210]

Fascinating vid and very informative!

[@skeptic781]

This channel is amazing. I watch this guy's videos for entertainment and for studying. There is so much information in this video that I don't need to read my textbooks for my test tomorrow.

[@basedmonitored5191]

I love how you conveniently left out how young Christian boys were brought to the Ottoman Empire and forced to convert. Long Live Skanderbeg and Dracula!

[@anthonymort5202]

I don't think that was on purpose

[@emrefifty5281]

He mentioned it 2 times

[@kingduck6728]

💪🇹🇷

[@basedmonitored5191]

@@kingduck6728 Give it a rest. It took you hundreds of years to take Constantinople and you needed the help of a Hungarian cannon maker to do it.

[@GearedGaming76899]

@@basedmonitored5191 1453 LETS GOOOOOOOOOOOO

[@CalCalCal6996]

New history scope video??? Omg I know it's snowing here in Montreal for a reason, it must be Christmas!

[@HistoryScope]

This is one of my favourite comments I've ever received.

[@jcm95]

My man, what a video! Extremely interesting

[@portalfan0438]

could you place where u are using your sources throughout the video? this is really informative, and its good that you listed your sources, but its really important that you place a little header whenever you say something towards which source you used, alongside its page number. Most history youtubers dont understand it brings the quality of the videos up by so much, and its really helpful to encourage further reading :)

[@PhoenixBeI]

Interesting video, thank you. Albeit, the Europeans weren't after spices because their food was bland. It was because their food would go bad due to the lack of refrigeration. They needed to cover up the taste of rot. This is why a good chunk of preserved meat like salami, and other sausage-like products, were (and still are) very spicy.

[@skylanh4319]

Both are true. Spices have many purposes. But salt is the main preservative and not part of the spice trade. And the space trade started from wealthy Europeans wanting flavor diversity. They did have flavor…. Just not the options India had.

[@adamb6670]

The concept of medieval people eating rotten food is a myth. It was all borne out of a misunderstanding made by an author in the 20th century. Rotten food makes people sick. It did then, just as it does now. If medieval people had eaten rotten food all the time, none of us would still be around. And the least likely people to eat rotten food would have been the only people who could afford spices.

[@Berat-mm6pj]

18:20 I'm sorry but this part about Egypt is very wrong. The mamluks were the ruling class of Egypt in the name of the sultan since the defeat of the mamluk sultanate in the 16th century. In the time period you're referring to an important man named Mohammed Ali Pascha became governor of Egypt; he massacred the mamluks after a de-facto Civil War with them, modernised Egypt in many ways afterwards and Egypt became arguably even stronger then the Sultan in Constantinople. He even waged war very successfuly against the sultan and conquert the Levante. Then the European powers launched an intervention to prevent that Mohammed Ali depouses the sultan and creates a new powerful Islamic empire. But he remained the de-facto independent ruler of Egypt. Except that your video was quite good. Good job👍🏼

[@keremuygun1982]

Quite good in details for social and politics of ottomans, not just the military as ordinary literature. Thanks for your good work.

[@808_rafa]

Been curious about this topic for a while now

[@rickversglaciers]

Gaaf zeg. Dank je wel voor je tijd en moeite!!!1❤

[@HistoryScope]

Nice pfp :D

[@rickversglaciers]

@@HistoryScope hahaha thanks!

[@oguzhan9424]

@@HistoryScope Are you dutch?

[@irialoceallaigh7665]

The spices weren't for food as much as they were needed for European healthcare. Spices were seen to cure various ailments at that time.

[@noradlark167]

They do.

[@williamdavis9562]

Interesting tidbit of info. Thanks for sharing.

[@chelseagodfather]

Wow. Amazing succinct summary of the Great Ottoman empire. I loved it. I'm surprised you only have 300K subs (I expected to see 3M + 😄). Anyway, new subscriber and keep it coming ❤️

[@theCosmicQueen]

he's got too many inaccuracies.

[@nobodyatall1010]

Excellent, as always!

[@user-wn8nu3uc5y]

I found your channel through your video about autism and agreed with it 100%. I am also autistic with a love of history, and chocolate, so I’ve watched a bunch of your videos now. They are very listenable and easy to understand! I listen to podcasts and stuff all day at work and your content has been great to put on and listen to at length. I appreciate all the hard work, thanks so much 🙏

[@Jadeschannel255]

Hi

[@zuniroa]

I’m from the same town as Januarius A. MacGahan, who was a journalist who reported atrocities that the Ottomans committed against the Bulgarian people and was key to Bulgarian independence and the alienation of the Ottoman Empire from European powers. He’s often dubbed the Liberator of Bulgaria and has a massive memorial dedicated to him at the town cemetery

[@YETERKABULET]

If we wanted one of you wouldn't stay Christian. Go and see how it is massacre and assimilation. ALGERIA. If it were up to your brothers, you would have been killed and you would have been a Catholic, we prevented this, so now you have a chance for a freer denomination. Even if you don't have a religious preference, it was important to people. The Ottomans withdrew from those lands because they were fighting against so many states, otherwise the buffoons would only be appetizers for the coffee tables.

[@juancedillo4040]

Amazing video like always 👏

[@monaoconnell5650]

Thank you. Very informative.

[@elkoikan5993]

Ottoman empire is so huge, it is impossible to cover it all in one video. I wished video talked little bit more about all the great things ottomans build, like multiple stone bridges, channel of Pharaoh's, blue Mosque, great Sultania ship and so on

[@stellak.6268]

Nothing great they ever built nor did. In fact they made that whole area fall backwards and it's still struggling behind the whole world.

[@kingduck6728]

@@stellak.6268 no

[@ManZarak-md1kl]

​@@stellak.6268keep crying lil greek

[@nemanjaradic1055]

Ottoman conquests in Europe be like: I used the christians to destroy the christians

[@ruthkatz1998]

thank you for existing, my dude

[@parkerbell5826]

I wish you had made this longer, it is a lot of history to discuss and was shorter than your previous videos regarding such meaty topics. Other videos are good; would have loved to have gotten more from you in this though.

[@HistoryScope]

Me too. I had written 9 pages, as usual. But only found out afterwards that the letters were larger, so there was less content. I have fixed it for the video that comes after this, I think.

[@rjhick1]

What's funny is that I started playing Europa 4 and started as one of the European countries (Portugal) and literally what you just said was the reason why I started setting up colonies around the world. The Ottoman Empire is just too strong to mess with

[@kenos911]

Portugal in eu4 is so much more op than in real life Still a fun country

[@Hoaxe72]

@@kenos911eah well Portugal fell off

[@lostShadowLord]

One thing I noticed that in regards to how medieval Europe raised it armies. Levies were actually trained and equipped. The idea of a rabble of poorly trained mobs armed with farming equipment was something from the Humanism who basically believed that the 'Dark age' was horrible time compared to the Roman and Greek.

[@HierophanticRose]

Yes they werent random, in fact levy obligation often came with lower taxes - most people dont realize Medieval contractship didnt stop at nobles, it threaded the entire fabric of society from full time soldier to part time levy to peasant to artisan to freemen to anything else. This meant rules and customs were actually less top-down arbitrary than people originally think of middle ages, but it also brought in a very rigid class system except certain exceptions But one thing he mentioned is relevant, levies were often region based, and would bring with it regionalities - ie higher levy obligation means higher priviligies, sometimes unwillingness to leave home country etc. As a result, often caused decentralized states and loose unions. Whereas large professional armies often are signs that a country is collecting more central power over a span of time.

[@Yacovo]

Thanks for the video

[@Nulkk]

I dont usually comment on videos, but this video was just fantastic!

[@triplea7536]

The Ottomans are so underrated, and the Persians before them. Where I'm from you get a strong euro-centric and euro-colonial history which isn't bad but you miss out on awesome and interesting histories from other parts of the world

[@Enkabard]

True but lets be real for second, its demographic- its made by and for same people. I dont think it would be fair to dismiss lack of African/Arabian documentaries as problem solely made by westerners and europeans.

[@theCosmicQueen]

because it's for college. they only have so much time to teach about the basics of history for your own country. Any other history must be done after high school etc. but you see, they were the arch enemies of the western world, as well.

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

Most armies were NOT mostly made of peasant conscripts. Medieval armies were a mixed bag of knights, sergeants, retainers and militia, all of varying quality. However, generally speaking most troops on a medieval battlefield WANTED to be there, or at least it was their job to be there.

[@yoyyoy6376]

The professional soldiers you're talking about were like 2% of the entire army the rest of the manpower had to come from the peasant class, The Ottomans were fielding armies of 50-80K, 1K or so knights and lords wouldn't cut it

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

@@yoyyoy6376 That is a stereotype. Medieval armies were much better trained, equipped and led than they are given credit for, especially by around 1100 or so. Yes, the manpower CAME from the peasant class, but they were trained and equipped decently - they were full-time professional soldiers. From these men we got the word "sergeant" which did not mean leaders of small groups like it does today.

[@RoBMcCullochexperience]

exceptional watch. Thank you

[@thiennguyen-vc8zn]

very very impressive, thank you so much.

[@HOPEfullBoi01]

Just to add to the beginning: The Mongolian invasion led to the collapse of the Seljuk (Salçuklu) Empire, the Oghuz (Oğuz) Turkic dynasty that expanded into Anatolia. After their collapse numerous, not just Turkic but specifically Turkish as they didn't relate much to the rest of the Turkic world anymore, tribal dynasties formed and Osman's dynasty Osmanlı (known as Ottoman in English for no good reason) was one of them. It fought and devoured its neighboring brother dynasties on its way to becoming the empire we all know about.

[@whyshouldwecare3267]

@6.28 the Janissaries were never castrated. if nothing else this would make them less effective soldiers.

[@circuitsandparts]

This video was very well done. While many videos cover the demise of the Ottoman Empire, very few even mentions the birth of Turkey. Well done.

[@prouddegenerates9056]

Educational, appreciate you chief

[@bozeeke]

The main thing I have a problem with here is the notion that the Ottomans were tolerant. Not really. Christians and Jews were basically living under a rule similar to the American Jim Crow system but only harsher. If they were such a tolerant empire, why did the Greeks, Armenians and others in the Balkans want to rebel and gain their freedom, which they eventually did.

[@hg9675]

Exactly. If every one of your neighbors hates you. Maybe you're the problem

[@Real-Ruby-Red]

Great, a new vid to use for sleep for a few weeks :)

[@erezofer8267]

I just love your videos

[@AndrewEvenstar]

I've traveled the Ottoman Empire throughout Bosnia. I love the people, culture and food. I want to move there. Long live the Slavs!

[@mertroll1]

What

[@williamdavis9562]

@@mertroll1 Bosnians are Slavs, they also have an Ottoman past.

[@emrefifty5281]

I was in Sarajevo and Mostar 2 times now and I loved seeing the Ottoman Past.

[@AJ-et3vf]

WOW! AWESOME VIDEO! Thank you! Such a superb history video like the ones by King & Generals, History Marche, Epic HIstory TV, etc. Very happy to have watched this! Subbed!

[@kiern1285]

Hell yeah! A new video!

[@franksony1992]

Interesting content. I wonder if the empire of China had the same political struggles in the last centuries of it's existence, as it feels similar. Perhaps an idea for a video about that?

[@sionsmedia8249]

2:49 "only pay a special tax for not being Muslim" and also did not have any rights to protect themselves at all.

[@grosiradu]

As a Romanian I am glad the Ottoman empire collapsed.

[@grosiradu]

@@_udassMemer Of course it did, Romania is a weak country and it won't change in the near and medium future. In the present I am impressed by Turkey, has a great army, I visited only Istanbul, but want to see more and learn more about it history to help myself.

[@kingduck6728]

Turkiyeeeeeee clap vampireeeeee

[@kingduck6728]

🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷

[@allroadsleadtospaghetti888]

Great video!

[@nathandevine908]

Very informative thank you very much

[@Mosfer_aldoseri]

The Turkish government afterwards still have that superiority complex towards most of their neighbors and how they are involved ask a 3rd party in Syria shows that

[@yervandmatevosian2706]

Hey bro I absolutely love all your content and have seen every one of your videos. What bugged me about this video though was how there was no mention of the Armenian/Greek genocides.

[@Sadoyasturadoglu]

Because best joke.

[@Nocontextturkishboi]

During WW1, ottomans have lost %20 of its population(1915-1919) I couldn’t find the percentage but independence war (1919-1923) and everlasting minor/major wars in 1900-1915 was threatining the existence of empire and causing immense casualties&losses. Each country & nation was extremely brutal

[@yervandmatevosian2706]

@@Nocontextturkishboi If that is so, what do you have to say about the Hamidian Massacres of 1894?

[@Nocontextturkishboi]

@@yervandmatevosian2706 i don’t even care what happened in my past life. All armenian’s obsession with the past is really unhealthy!! All armenian people need reality check.

[@yervandmatevosian2706]

@@Nocontextturkishboi When previous wrongdoings go unchecked, there is a great chance it will happen again. Just like if a shoplifter is never punished, they will continue to do so. The pressing concern with Armenians is not to even punish Turks, but simply recognition for the wrongdoings of the past.

[@jlpack62]

awesome video! thanks.

[@dubizingler1548]

YOU ARE THE BEST! Please upload a video surrounding Chinese History, from beginning to now(dynasties etc)