Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 20: Warm Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate

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Dr. Manishika Jain explains the Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 20 - Warm Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate
Border desert and lie in interior of continents: Temperate Grasslands
Lie on Westerly belt
Away from maritime influence and are treeless
South Hemisphere: Moderate climate
North hemisphere: extensive and continental
Steppes: Black Sea to Altai Mts (broken, isolated area of Pustaz in Hungary & Manchurian plains)
Prairies: Rockies & Great Lakes
Pampas: Argentina & Uruguay
S. Africa: b/w Drakensburg & Kalahari (Bushveld in north & Highveld in south)
Downs: Australia (Murray Darling Basin)
Climate
Continental
Temperature extremes
Summers are warm (upto 66-76℉)
Winters are cold (negative temperatures) - snow covered
South hemisphere - temperature is mild - moderating effect of ocean on climate
Precipitation
Rainfall will be light
Varies from 10 to 30 inches- average 20 inches
Convectional sources of rainfall - intense heat
Occasional depression of Westerlies (as snow)
South Hemisphere: More rain than north hemisphere due to warm ocean currents that wash shores of steppes - average 26 inches
South Hemisphere: June, July & August (rain free), Nov to Feb (rainfall)
Drought is dangerous for sheep rearing industry in S.H.
Mildura: fringe of Mallee scrub of Great Australian Desert
Winds: Chinook (USA) from SW direction of Prairies & depression in winters ascending in Rockies & descending in Prairies - hot wind, melt snow covered areas; Fohn (Switzerland)
Natural Vegetation
Scanty vegetation
Grass covered with differences in density and quality of grass
Treeless with short grasses
Spring: green, fresh and blooming with small flowers - herdsman are busiest
Summer: heat & evaporation, grass turns yellow and brown
Autumn: grass dies, roots alive
Winter: harsh and long
Few trees: willows, poplar, alder
Precipitation as transitional zone - conifers appear
Double rows of trees around houses to avoid strong winds
Economic Development
Home to grazing animals
Steppes: wild horse, Kirghiz (roamed with herds)
Prairies: Swift-footed bison, Red Indians, most sparsely populated area of world, extensive mechanized wheat cultivation and granaries of world (wheat & maize)
Pampas: untamed buffaloes, alfalfa grass or lucerne grass, leading ranching region of world
Nomadic Herding
Kirghiz, Kazakh & Kalmuk
Travel long distance for grass and water
Domesticate animals
Wool: tent and garment
Leather: boots, saddles and belts
Bones & horns: tools, utensils and weapons
Trading post and exchange of commodities - gum, canned food, tea, coffee, sugar etc.
Collective and state farms for ranching
Kirghiz as tough and fearless people (Tartars)
Extensive Mechanized Wheat Cultivation
Extensive wheat cultivation
Cool moist spring - early growth and light showers for ripening yield
Warm & sunny summer: harvesting and straw to be dried
Levelness - ploughing and harvesting easy
Mechanized plough - loosen the soil
Combine-harvesters, winnows etc. are used
Low yield (Prairies: 23 bushel/acre, one bushel = 60 lb. in weight and 8 gallons by volume); Pampas: 20 bushel/acre; UK: 50 bushel/acre; Netherlands: 59 bushel/acre
Yield per man is higher in extensive farms
Greatest quantity of wheat per capita amongst world’s wheat growing nations - greatest exporter of wheat
3/4th of wheat from Canada is exported to Europe
3/4th of world’s wheat is winter wheat (sown in winter) - hard wheat - low moisture & ripened in hot summer - best for bread making & is traded, Great Lakes in USA
Spring Wheat: Moving polewards winter temperature are too cold, soft wheat for cakes, biscuits, Canadian Prairies
Maize in warm area
Wheat upto Peace river in Canada
Away from Maritime Influence and are Treeless @2:06
Climate @3:12
Precipitation @3:47
Natural Vegetation @5:51
Economic Development @8:12
Nomadic Herding @9:53
Extensive Mechanized Wheat Cultivation @11:04
Pastoral Farming @13:45
#Economic #Evaporation #Vegetation #Grassland #Influence #Precipitation #Hemisphere #Dangerous #Depression #Manishika #Examrace
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Kindly go to - www.examrace.com/Study-Material/Geography/Goh-Cheng-Leong/

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We would be covering those shortly.

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[@Examrace]

This is the entire Chapter of goh Cheng Leong - Chapter 20. We are covering one chapter in one video.