Hand Carving an Apple Wood Water Bottle or Travelling Flask - Part II | Anglo-Saxon Green Woodwork

The Anglo-Saxons would have needed to carry water in a bottle or flask when travelling or on military campaign. Here I carve the body of a flask from apple wood inspired by finds from the period.
During the Anglo-Saxon period, bottles and flasks may have been made from leather, pottery or wood. Wooden flasks have been found in a number of Merovingian and Alamannic graves on the continent, with find-spots including Oberflacht, Trossingen and Cologne, dated to the 7th century. These were high status objects and were originally turned from maple. The flask from Trossingen contained the remains of a hopped barley beer - one of the earliest examples of hops used in brewing.
This flask was carved entirely by hand from apple wood as I have not yet built a pole lathe, therefore the opening to hollow the body needed to be larger than the originals. The wood had been seasoned one year prior to carving to prevent the warping and cracking that apple wood tends towards, although this meant it was quite tough to carve.
The flask is sealed with a thin disc of apple wood. This was roughed out with an axe, and carefully hewn into shape so that it sat flush in place on the flask body. Once flush, it was thinned down into a fine disc.
A rebate was cut around the edge of the hollow in the body of the flask with a chisel, in order to fit the disc with as tight a seal as possible.
The disc was very carefully trimmed to fit into the rebate as tightly as possible; first by carving it so it was a hair's breadth larger than the rebate all round, then by taking very fine shavings until the disc could be pressed into the rebate. Reference points were marked on the body and disc with a knife. These helped to align the disc correctly, and to make sure it would not be carved too small, resulting in a loose fit.
At first, the disc was so snugly fitted that it could only be removed by prising it off with a chisel. Unfortunately, the wood shrank further after fitting, so that it was no longer so tight. This could have been remedied by letting the thinned out disc dry even further before final fitting. Smooth, straight-grained woods like ash or maple, as used in the originals, are more suited to the task, being less likely to twist and warp. However, I pruned this branch from an ancient, perhaps century-old apple tree cared for by my family. The tree still lives and I wanted to make something beautiful, so that its lost limb would not be wasted.
After some final smoothing all over with a knife, and dishing the inside of the disc slightly with a hook-knife, the pieces were ready to join together.
Cheese glue, made of curds and lye, was chosen to join the pieces together due to its water-resistance and durability. Fresh spring milk was curdled with apple cider vinegar. The curds were separated, squeezed and rinsed to remove as much acidity from the vinegar as possible, before being laid out to dry. Wood ash was boiled in water, then strained, to extract the lye. The dried curds were mixed with the lye until they dissolved and the mixture was smooth.
Meanwhile, a strip of leather was rolled, trimmed and sewn with flaxen thread into a stopper for the mouth of the flask. Cork, if available at all in Britain during the period, would have had to be imported from the Mediterranean and would have been costly.
The flask was given a coat of linseed oil before sealing the inside with beeswax. The beeswax was gently melted over a small fire, taking care not to let it burn. Once fully melted, the wax was poured into the flask and swilled around until the flask no longer leaked. In fact, it leaked more than expected, which was quite painful! The join on the outside of the flask was also sealed with soft wax. It might have been wiser to seal the outside first, before the inside, to prevent the loss of so much hot wax. Beeswax was a valuable commodity in the Anglo-Saxon period.
The flask was 'baptised' in the nearby sacred spring, which flows from a cave in the rock face. The water is cool and sweet, and smells pleasantly of honeyed beeswax from the flask.
Despite any misgivings about the slightly loose disc, for now the combination of cheese glue and beeswax works well as a seal, and the flask is water-tight. This flask will be very valuable on future journeys and campaigns. It will be interesting to test the durability of the cheese glue and beeswax seal and see how long they last before they need resealing.
With thanks to:
Herknungr, Musician, playing 'The Wolf Chieftan'.
Hector Cole, Blacksmith, for forging the Saxon T-shaped Axe.
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[@gesithasgewissa]

Hi all! You can check the subtitles and description for much more detail. Thanks for watching, and many thanks to Herknungr for the music 'The Wolf Chieftain'!

[@YamiKisara]

Whoever thought of using cheese as a glue was a mad genius, lol

[@gesithasgewissa]

😆😆 Agreed. A lot of discoveries are pretty crazy if you think about it, just like the first person to milk a cow!

[@Tom_Quixote]

Not as crazy as the one who thought of using glue as cheese..

[@gangrenousgandalf2102]

​@gesithasgewissa * looks at nursing calf* "Oy mate you gonna pay for that?!"

[@nakefatty9167]

I like the sound that apple wood makes.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Nice huh?

[@dorianmilam3519]

Wow! Thanks for this video, it amazes me what our ancestors went through for things we take for granted today!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks for watching!

[@Th0m4s-Fox1]

Thanks for the details in the description. It really help to understand the work done during this video. That was quite interesting to see.

[@gesithasgewissa]

I'm glad it was helpful, thanks for watching!

[@WolfStar08]

I've been waiting for this second part to come out. I use a leather bottle and only thought of doing a wood one way in the future but ever since your first video on this I want to make one now that's larger to carry extra water in. And your bottle here turned out exceptional!

[@gesithasgewissa]

I'm happy that this project has inspired you! Leather bottles are really nice too, but hand carved wood feels quite special. I hope your bottle project goes well. Mine is quite small; it holds just over a pint. If I would do this again for a larger bottle I would use ash wood myself. I appreciate your words, thank you.

[@WolfStar08]

@@gesithasgewissa keep up the amazing work and I know exactly how you feel when it comes to using hand tools and that hand carved feel. I do a lot of wood working and that's part of the reason. My leather bottle holds 1 liter exactly of water which I use it for day trips or be sure to go in areas with springs nearby for refills. For a wood bottle in the future I think I'm going to aim for 2 or 3 liters which would be a bit heavy but if packing it in as a spare water source and leaving at camp or a sole water source for many days it's a good compromise. As for ash wood I higjly recommend working with it, I can't wait to see what other projects you do in the future! Keep it up!

[@gesithasgewissa]

@@WolfStar08 That sounds great! Definitely a good idea for travelling in dry areas. Though at 3 litres you could call it a small barrel! 😄

[@toucann8]

Thank you for showing how you keep your hook knife sharp! You must take very good care of your tools. I had never heard of cheese glue before, absolutely fascinating. Brilliant work.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Hi, you're welcome. I remembered you asked about it after Part I, so I made sure to include it! I'm hoping to make a grinding wheel to make sharpening with natural stone faster. Cheese glue was traditionally used by carpenters and furniture makers, but quite obscure nowadays. I think my recipe could do with perfecting though haha! Thanks for watching.

[@Wolfram762]

That is an amazing hand carved water bottle!!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@Wolfram762]

@@gesithasgewissa you're welcome!

[@lisascenic]

Cheese lye glue? Fascinating! As a hobby beekeeper, I was waiting to see if you’d be using wax. Linseed oil and melted wax can be mixed together as well, and if you’ve got wax straight from the comb rather than melted into a solid lump, you can melt it at a lower temperature.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Yes, it's supposed to be somewhat water resistant! Thanks for the advice about melting wax comb, I'll try that next time!

[@Patenhtc]

This whole project is amazing! Thank you so much for sharing the process. You are without a doubt a very skilled craftman. It's the details that elevates it, like Sharpening the spoon knife and showing the making of cheese glue. A shame the lid shrank. Wonder if it could be done like a shrinking-can. Have a well seasoened lid, slighty green flask, fit the lid and let the flask tighten around the lid. Might have to leave the bottleneck extra chunky to avoid splitting.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you again! I want to create things as authentically as possible, I suppose that goes hand in hand with showing the details. That's a nice idea, although one issue I can see with that is that wood shrinks and expands to different degrees depending on grain direction; most in the tangential plane, less in the radial and very little longitudinally. This means holes tend to distort rather than shrink or expand evenly. A perfectly round hole would become oval. A great example of medieval woodworkers working with this issue is treenail orientation in medieval ships - the treenails were all oriented with their tangential grain the same way so that when the wood absorbs water, the treenail will become oval in the same orientation as the hole it is in. Ingenious! If I was to make this again I would probably use a more stable wood like ash, rather than apple, and really well seasoned. If you could get a really good fit you might not need to use beeswax as the wood would expand from the water, the same way a barrel becomes watertight...theoretically anyway haha!

[@Ben-xg2mc]

Absolutely FANTASTIC! What an inspiration to us all

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you so much! ☺

[@RAMUNI-Viking]

Lovely video. Very Nice Crafting. Looking forward for your next uplooad

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Ramuni!

[@the_macbeth_6147]

Great video! I was a bit sceptical with the beeswax at first but it seems to have worked well :)

[@gesithasgewissa]

As was I! It leaked rather more than I had hoped at first! But it turned out alright. Beeswax does need resealing eventually, so I'm interested to see how long the seal lasts, and I will share an update when it needs repairing. Thanks for watching 😊

[@iheliocrati9527]

This is crazy … the quality of your videos are just brilliant ! Looking forward to see a lot of stuff from you. All together is just so harmonic , well done sir ! Hails from Switzerland.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Welcome Helio, that is very kind, thank you. There will be more to come!

[@sirstashalot7441]

Awesome videos. Can't wait to see what comes next!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@larryslemp9698]

Excellent man!! Beautiful, working work!! Compliments to you!!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@nordicclimber1090]

That is so cool! I want one. Thanks for for showing us.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks for watching!

[@greenjack1959l]

Just read the description. Absolutely brilliant sir, look forward to seeing more.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Ken, such generous messages you have left! I am just about to go through and give you some replies. You can also turn on subtitles on my videos, for information while the video is playing. Just press the CC button at the bottom of the video.

[@greenjack1959l]

I'm lost for words. Inspirational crafting. I'm guessing that was a wax coating you poured in to waterproof the cheese glue and seal everything?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks Ken. Yes, beeswax, as you read in the description and subtitles. I appreciate your comments!

[@kommanderklotz7316]

Nice work! Keep on! Great channel, great job! 👊

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you, I'm glad you liked it!

[@haydeesilvavalenzuela9521]

Un trabajo magnifico!!! QUE PACIEMCIA!! GRAAACIAS!!!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@barterinn123]

Very enjoyable watch. Thank you so much for sharing😌

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you kindly my friend! I'm happy you enjoyed it ☺

[@davidreed2135]

Very cool as always

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you David

[@Mari-hh6it]

Wow, that flask looks amazing!! You are very talented =)

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you so much!

[@PepBo]

Amazing stuff!!! Very inspirational!!!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you very much!

[@curtismiller268]

Nice enjoyed watching 👍

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@XSR_RUGGER]

1:59 Would LOVE a tutorial on the footwear. I have a pair of winter moccasins I made years ago but love the look of these. How do they feel to wear? Actually a tutorial on the overall clothing in the videos would be wonderful.

[@gesithasgewissa]

I can definitely film some shoe-making next time I am making some. They are very comfortable, and more hardwearing than deerskin moccasins, being made of tanned goat or cow hide. Walking on wet muddy ground can be treacherous, although you get used to it! I am planning to film some sewing and clothes-making, I just want to get the house finished first so I have somewhere warm and dry to do it! Very much looking forward to some indoor projects this winter 😆 Thanks for watching

[@XSR_RUGGER]

@@gesithasgewissa absolutely understand that. My moccasins are indeed deer skin and we're INCREDIBLY warm in the winters in the state of Michigan here in the United States but were slippery in compacted snow. Not as bad as I had anticipated but still not as sure footed as modern treaded boots. You're doing great! No rush needed on my request, take your time and enjoy your process. We certainly are.

[@gesithasgewissa]

@@XSR_RUGGER I bet they are lovely and warm in the snow. I guess your snow is dry and light? Our winters here in Britain are simply rain and more rain! If there is snow it's very wet...wearing these shoes in winter your feet are guaranteed to be wet eventually, so they're not very warm. But wool socks help!

[@XSR_RUGGER]

@@gesithasgewissa Michigan has cold winters so the snow is definitely fully frozen. Winter is my favorite time year. Well it was. I live in the southern part of the United States now so we don't any snow most years. My moccasins aren't water proofed so I'd be wet as well.

[@mrdooza9935]

Thanks for sharing your video. It must have taken you an age to make. I really enjoyed watching well done 👏👏👏

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you for watching! Yes, lots of small complicated steps - much more than a simple wooden bowl for example. I'm glad you enjoyed it.

[@polisagora2811]

Found the subtitles. Cheese curds and lye for glue ! Brilliant.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Ah haha that's good, I just replied to your other comment. Thanks again!

[@bartvandervoort9449]

Your videos are well made, very patiently put together. The cheese glue and the lye making were very educative and I might use it next time ill make soap. Did you make the clothes yourself? I'd love to see the patterns for them!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! I do make my clothes myself yes, based on historical examples. I do plan to make videos on these and will share the patterns when I do ☺

[@TrailBlazer5280]

I love this idea of the inset side panel, excellent craftsmanship. Creative thinking when you can't carve into a hole or pour a molded bottle. I almost wonder if the wax alone would be sturdy enough to keep that panel sealed, maybe with a thin wrap of chord around the center too. Anyway can't wait to see more of your videos

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! The beeswax could be, although i've noticed it tends to soften in the sun so I have since reinforced the join with pine resin pitch. I'm glad you're enjoying the videos!

[@tomsensible3999]

Very nice!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks!

[@branbeggrify]

Amazing handiwork, to get such a tight fit by feel and mastery of simple tools is very admirable! I wonder if it would be too much of an anachronistic stretch to suggest a variant of "brewer's pitch" for a perhaps more durable way of sealing the inside of the flask? The main components are beeswax and coniferous rosin, the latter being used in another kind of archaic glue. Thank you for the video!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! I have thought about using beeswax and pine resin when it comes to resealing. Or birch tar!

[@Ilovethebush]

@7:30 what are the white chunks made of? and what was the black liquid a few seconds earlier?

[@gesithasgewissa]

It is casein or cheese glue - the curds are separated from the whey, dried and dissolved in lye to form a paste which dries hard and water resistant. If you turn on subtitles on my videos you will be able to read a bit of information as the video plays. Thanks for watching!

[@danpetru]

welldone! And very interesting recepie for the glue and sealing off with wax. I would have gone a bit further with the axe in terms of shaping the wood because the knife takes soo little wood at a time.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Dan! That's true, although the knife gives me more time to think about what shape I want to carve.

[@armorclasshero2103]

They wouldn't have used hide glue for the disk?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Hide glue is water soluble, so it might not work so well!

[@JakeDanczyk]

Very nice but I wonder why not leave a few loops of cord to hold the disc against the body and reduce stress on the seal?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Jake! You could definitely do that too, I just like the aesthetics of the wood too much to cover it with leather or cord. ☺

[@TheWizardOfTheFens]

Has your flask remained leak free since you made it? What does it weigh when full? Thanks for the videos and content.

[@gesithasgewissa]

So far so good! The beeswax will need resealing eventually, I will share an update on how long it lasts. I haven't weighed it, although I would guess it weighs about 200g empty and holds just over a pint, about 700ml. Thanks for watching.

[@heiko.h8263]

Well done! A fine piece of craftsmanship! And a good idea to use wax for stopping leakage. Is there a special reason, that you used applewood?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Heiko. Our family owns a very ancient apple tree, which I am restoring by pruning a little each year. I wanted to make something special out of the wood so as to honour the tree. Otherwise, applewood is not the wisest choice for a greenwood joinery project! Wood from the branches is very prone to twist and warp, and frequently cross-grained. Ash, or maple as the original flasks, would be better suited to the task. Still, I enjoyed the challenge.

[@heiko.h8263]

@@gesithasgewissa OK, so you had a personal reason, not a historical👍

[@dooleyfussle8634]

Also, applewood will impart a mild and pleasant flavour to the water.

[@whiskeygin8839]

Hi Alec , just watched a good number of your videos. You have done a fantastic job so far and I really can't wait to see what else you are able to show us. Please keep this channel going. I have long thought how amazing it would be to set up an early medieval community somewhere in the UK. Is this something you are seriously looking to attempt? Could you also tell me where you get your saxon clothes from? Keep up the good work my friend. 👍

[@gesithasgewissa]

Welcome! I'm happy you are enjoying the videos. I'm certainly in this for the long haul, it is my ambition to obtain land on which to carry out some large scale Anglo-Saxon projects like house building and growing crops. I haven't seriously thought as far as founding a community, although that would indeed be incredible! I do know of Campus Galli in Germany, it's a project to reconstruct a Carolingian monastic community using historically authentic methods. As for the clothes, I make them all myself, based on archaeological finds such as the Högom tunic and Thorsberg trousers. It's the best way to get them fitted in a way authentic to the period. Thank you for watching, and for the great questions!

[@elizabethglew6930]

I'm really surprised that the disc shrank like that. Didn't you tell us in Part 1 that the wood had aged for a year? What do you think caused the shrinkage?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Hi Elizabeth. I originally had a different piece of wood saved for the disc, which was well seasoned, but that turned out to be too knotty. I needed a clean piece to ensure it didn't leak, so I had to use another piece of the applewood. This had been stored in the round outside over winter, and so was a little damp in the centre still. I also should have carved the piece thin, then let it sit for at least a week before fitting it, but I was too eager to finish it and did so immediately. This combined with a spell of warm spring weather led to the shrinkage I think. Lots of lessons to learn; always prepare more wood than you need and stay patient. Thanks for your question and for watching!

[@TheMegaRedHead]

How long would such a bottle last? You can always reseal the seal if it starts leaking. But the wood would deteriorate after time.

[@gesithasgewissa]

There are examples of this style of wooden bottle still around today that are around 100 years old. As long as it's well cared for it will last!

[@TheMegaRedHead]

@@gesithasgewissa wow that's awesome. We lost so many things in this consumeristic capitalistic world. Our ancestors were really smart.

[@Lutefisk445]

I can't help but wonder if something like this would rot or mold, even with the beeswax and linseed oil.

[@gesithasgewissa]

It hasn't rotted or gone mouldy yet. I either keep it filled with water, or empty with the stopper out so it dries ☺

[@tomasa-m5643]

Wouldn't be drinking out of any rivers for a little while mate, Anglo-Saxon Water Plc. have been doing quite a bit of waste dumping, all while making record profits, 5000 ducats a year last I heard, trying to sell their water in Lundenwic.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Those bloody elite haha! Luckily this water comes straight out of a spring.

[@peterlake1547]

Great video, do you know how many hours went into making the flask? Look forward to more of your videos

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you Peter! I didn't count exactly, but it was perhaps 4 or 5 days work in total.

[@BonsaiBrandy]

this was great to watch. It looks like a lot of work! how common were these types of water bottles compared to leather bottles or gourds or some other alternative?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! For the Early Medieval period, that's hard to say. Bottles are rare in and of themselves. I know of a few finds of turned wooden water bottles from Merovingian Europe, one find of an Early Medieval leather water bottle from Ireland, and a few pottery bottles such as that found at Sutton Hoo. I think leather costrels become more common in the later Medieval period!

[@polisagora2811]

Saw the 2 video for the water bottle. Masterful carving work ! What was the glue ? It looked like curds and whey but then something else was added. Is there a list of ingredients ?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! It is casein or cheese glue - the curds are separated from the whey, dried and dissolved in lye to form a paste which dries hard and water resistant. If you turn on subtitles on my videos you will be able to read a bit of information as the video plays!

[@mrJarmusz]

Nice job! Do you have any source to this type of flask i early middle ages?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you! Yes there are finds of this style of flask from Oberflacht, Trossingen and Köln from the Merovingian period. Although, on these finds the sealing discs were much smaller because they were turned on a pole lathe. As I carved this flask by hand, I had to make the opening of the flask body larger. But the basic concept is the same. You can find more details on these finds in the video description!

[@rsaffirio]

You used many hand tools to carve the flask, how common and readily available where this tools in the early middle age??

[@gesithasgewissa]

There are Early Medieval finds of axes, knives and spoon-knives throughout Northern Europe. My tools are based on specific examples from the period.

[@evangannon5394]

Would great to see the common man's weapons to the chieftains weapons.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Great suggestion, thanks Evan. I am planning to make various Anglo-Saxon weaponry starting with the more common arms such as spear, shield and bow and progressing to swords and so on. So I will hopefully be able to compare these in future!

[@Dunkle0steus]

what's the volume of the flask?

[@gesithasgewissa]

About 700ml

[@Dunkle0steus]

@@gesithasgewissa thanks!

[@Alpemomi]

I want one of those axes! Looks so handy. What’s it called?

[@gesithasgewissa]

It's a T-shaped hewing axe, sided so only sharpened on one side. It's great for making flat boards, but you can also use it for carving

[@suzettehenderson9278]

Did the Anglo-Saxons have something akin to sandpaper?

[@gesithasgewissa]

They may have used a wet cloth dipped in sand, or dried horsetail plants which have a high silica content and can be used to polish a mirror finish on metal.

[@suzettehenderson9278]

@@gesithasgewissa excellent. I knew they had to have something, they quality of their metal work alone attests to that. Thanks.

[@Дубровськийіхвіст]

And I expected that the cover would be closed and then the seams would be set with wax

[@EverintheRising]

Is lye poisonous to use in a waterbottle?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Fair point, but it hasn't killed me yet haha. I don't think the small quantity of lye will be too toxic.

[@rshaart4810]

Interesting choice for using cheese glue, I would have thought pine pitch glue would be the easier alternative, how's it holding up after 7 months?

[@gesithasgewissa]

There's not a lot of evidence that Scots Pine was widespread in Southern Britain at the time, but I could have used birch tar. Unfortunately the beeswax tends to soften and loosen in the sun, so I may well seal it with birch tar soon!

[@Tom_Quixote]

I wonder how often they would injure themselves with their tools back then. You seem skillful and careful, but I know from experience how quickly a knife can slip while carving.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Good question! I use sharp tools almost every day and have yet to have a serious injury. Touch wood!! Plenty of little nicks and cuts though

[@chriscorbin2059]

That's why you have to keep your tools sharp.

[@lukefulton1820]

How long did it take you to hollow out the bowl? Must of taken an age

[@gesithasgewissa]

Yes! About four or five hours for the rough hollowing I think. It would have been so much faster with a gouge, but I have yet to buy or make one. Thanks Luke.

[@jorundr1907]

Beautiful flask. You are from England?

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you. I am!

[@SCARRIOR]

I hope this ends up like primitive technology, and you have your own blacksmith forge.

[@gesithasgewissa]

I definitely want to have a go at some forging in the future!

[@loganl3746]

The cheese glue actually does make sense, cuz you can make plastic out of milk by extracting the protein. Iirc it's called caseinate plastic.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Interesting!

[@robertoservadei4766]

The abc of filling a canteen is that you DON'T turn the mouth towards the current!

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks for the tip, why is that? To prevent debris flowing into the flask?

[@BubuH-cq6km]

😎 👍🏼

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks for watching!

[@fightfanian]

Was that cheese glue?

[@gesithasgewissa]

It was indeed! You can turn on subtitles or read the description for more information ☺

[@ศักยภาพสายสิณะวัฒน์]

Very Good 😮😮😮😮😮😅😅😅😅😅

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you!

[@bilimsanatduzen2074]

a wodden termos interesting

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thanks for watching!

[@sirzorg5728]

Quite a shame that the cap shrunk like that.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Yep, I should have seasoned it more, but I was impatient ☺

[@SoloveikoHappy]

Best for good freedom life

[@gesithasgewissa]

☺

[@daos3300]

beautiful. though i wouldn't be drinking from any wild uk watercourse.

[@gesithasgewissa]

I've always drank from wild springs and streams, it's no problem as long as you're careful!

[@vickievitali9184]

Ok I love the esthetics of what you are doing, but please do not drink out of that stream again. Do you know the source of it? You could get very sick.

[@gesithasgewissa]

It's from a spring, which has been used for hundreds of years, I have and will continue to drink from it. Better than all the chemicals in tap water! Thanks for the concern though ☺

[@vickievitali9184]

Wow you made glue out of cheese. Unbelievable.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Cool, right?!

[@swervituredesigns952]

Brother. 🪵🪓🗡🇸🇪

[@gesithasgewissa]

Thank you my friend

[@richardschneider4775]

drinking from a stream not a good idea

[@gesithasgewissa]

That's a spring, but I often drink from streams too. You just have to be careful to check the source. Thanks for watching.

[@Excellent226002]

where did saxons tools such an awesome steel? Can you make video how to make steel?

[@gesithasgewissa]

I would love to make a video on smelting bloomery iron and making steel. Perhaps sometime in the future!

[@shadowcrusader2283]

I just hated to see you ruin it by pouring wax inside, now your going to be eating chunks forever. Hint best way to keep it from rotting is burnish it or lightly burn it on the inside, the char will keep it from rotting over time it will break in

[@gesithasgewissa]

The beeswax seals the bottle to keep it watertight, not to prevent it from rotting. It cools hard and smooth on the inside, there are no 'chunks'. The only sign of the beeswax is a slight honey smell. Turn on subtitles to see this information during the video.

[@shadowcrusader2283]

@@gesithasgewissa Cool, I stand corrected, Good job.

[@gesithasgewissa]

@@shadowcrusader2283 Thanks for watching ☺

[@electrictofumuffins6384]

What? This makes no sense. There's two types of people in this world; creators and bean counters. Bean counters try to look like creators to get clout, but they HATE sharing. They steal other's ideas all the time. This guy's just here for clout. He aint about sharing knowledge.

[@gesithasgewissa]

Don't like it? Don't watch :)

[@solaris123asd]

6:26 Cheese for everyone! 7:32 Wait, scratch that. Cheese for no one.

[@gesithasgewissa]

😆😆😆

[@Joanna-gg4qx]

Ah if only England didn’t have such polluted rivers I could also drink straight from the stream. 🥲

[@gesithasgewissa]

I am in England haha! You can drink from springs and spring fed streams, but you have to careful to check the source. Thanks for watching!

[@Joanna-gg4qx]

@@gesithasgewissa I live on a boat in Wiltshire, it’s so sad how the rivers are polluted down south! I grew up in the moors and the water was crystal clear there, although did drink it once and my friend was bed bound for two weeks. Haha. I guess I just need to locate these springs eh!

[@gesithasgewissa]

@@Joanna-gg4qx A boat in Wiltshire sounds lovely! I am in Somerset myself. OS maps are great for finding springs...it's fun trying to find them, like a treasure hunt ☺

[@Joanna-gg4qx]

@@gesithasgewissa Oh amazing ! I’m going to give that a go. Haha. I also like to collect nature spots on maps, got a new one to add to the list now 😊