Happy birthday! Ten years of Higgs Bosons - past, present, and future!

On July 4, 2012, researchers at the CERN laboratory in Europe announced the discovery of the Higgs boson. It was a tremendous triumph for the Standard Model of particle physics and confirmed a prediction made nearly half a century prior. In 2022, we celebrate the tenth anniversary of that momentous discovery. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln reminds us of the discovery and lays out a roadmap for research over the next several years. Working out the properties of the Higgs boson will keep the research community very busy.
Book describing history of development of Higgs theory:
Ian Samples, “Massive: The Missing Particle that Sparked the Greatest Hunt in Science,” Basic Books, Revised edition (2013).
ATLAS discovery of Higgs boson paper
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
CMS discovery of Higgs boson paper
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
CMS ttH announcement
cms.cern/news/tth-announcement
Original Higgs boson video
• What is a Higgs Boson?
Fermilab physics 101:
www.fnal.gov/pub/science/part...
Fermilab home page:
fnal.gov

[@user-wu8yq1rb9t]

And I should *Thank* you, *Dr. Lincoln* , for all of your efforts during these years, for informing us.

[@jaydunstan1618]

We all agree here!

[@brasildocara]

Man, please focus in formulate Nobel Prize worth Questions, ;) Let's make a stronger community and elevate the discussion

[@jaydunstan1618]

@@brasildocara Yes, but it is very important that we give Dr Lincoln the recognition and support that he publicly deserves. Once this is done, then we can elevate the discussion, but the foundation of public acknowledgement must be laid bare for all.

[@popscola2574]

Dr. LINCOLN looking more and more like Mr. Feeny as he gets older.

[@interstellarconveyance4865]

Thank you! Only you could express such a deep sense of higher meanings and expressions of higher maths in such a wonderful way. You are an inspiration to all of us. Thank you.🙏🏻♥️👍🏻😁

[@boepiesnoep7867]

Yo dr. Don! Good to see all that hard work there at Fermilab has left you with a healthy neutrino glow...

[@ehehehe58]

Cherenkov wishes he radiated as much as him

[@boepiesnoep7867]

@@ehehehe58 yes, even a real ghost doesn't glow as ghostly as the man working with ghostparticles

[@animalbird9436]

No thats whiskey

[@paxdriver]

"no fewer than 6 individuals..." 😘😜 thanks for 11 great years of content

[@wolfboyft]

I really enjoy these videos!

[@chriswhitt6618]

Happy birthday Higgs. Love your channel. I’m a newish subscriber.

[@thundabird93]

awww I'm so glad you're doing better! a few months ago I was... worried... glad to see ur still snarky and spry as ever lol

[@MohamedOmar-br1wn]

Thanks for your information

[@Ambienfinity]

I feel so much more solid now we have the Higgs field. Thanks Peter. You've put real substance into the Universe. (And thank you Don and all the other science communicators for making the ideas accessible to the rest of us.)

[@brasildocara]

Man, please focus in formulate Nobel Prize worth Questions, ;) Let's make a stronger community and elevate the discussion

[@frankkolton1780]

I've followed Dr. Lincoln's career since his brief stint working for the Black Mesa Facility in 1998, he's changed his name since then. He is very talented.

[@Scott-vy4zj]

How old is he really?

[@rickharold7884]

That’s super fascinating thanks for the update I love it!

[@nothing9220]

Science never stops... and you never disappoint...

[@seanleith5312]

Far more exciting? More than 4/7?

[@jasonlough6640]

I wish these comment areas werent so flooded with all the "oh wow this is a great video" type posts. Of course its a great video. Its a decade of great videos. I wish there were more questions / answers. Anyway... Questions: At about @6:20 you compare the mass of the Higgs to the mass of a proton. So, am I understanding it right that the thing that gives mass to other things, itself has mass? So the Higgs gives mass to itself? Question 2: If clocks tick slower in higher gravity, and gravity is curvature of space by mass, and mass is caused by the Higgs, then could you say the Higgs causes time to slow down? 2B) Wouldnt gravity be a side effect of the time gradient caused by the mass? Like, pause time. Nothing falls. Make an objects lower part travel slower through time than its top part. The gradient imparts a torque on the spacetime diagram of this, towards the slower part, meaning, it falls. So, is mass indirectly causing gravity, with no need for gravity particles? (Basically: is there no DIRECT cause of gravity, is it just emergent, a side effect?) 3) What causes the clock to tick at all? Like if some mass slows a clock some amount, then enough would stop the clock totally. So the Higgs is like anti-time? 4) Could there be an anti-Higgs? Ill stop there lol but I have a TON more.

[@popscola2574]

Oh wowwww just woe great questions man im unfortunately not qualified in physics

[@nmarbletoe8210]

HAT'S OFF to the HIGGS! !Ole' nOle' Ole'!

[@kira9871]

WE want you to teach us the complete Einstein's relativity theory!

[@LordZordid]

What always amazes me in relations to science is the 30,40,50 years or sometimes more planning in advance.

[@muaral-rasheed2565]

Yeaaahh more form Fermilab!! Thanks Dr. Lincoln!!!

[@thomasbramwell9592]

Ten years already! Time slow down please!

[@shadowoffire4307]

FERMILAB AND DR.LINCOLN.

[@TheyCallMeNewb]

Well done Lincoln and team withal. Also, *epic* opening and closing cards!

[@cdgt1]

The Higgs is a field. The particles it produces are the +W boson, -W boson and the Z boson. Higgs Field = 252 Gev. The electron volt energies of the two W bosons plus the Z boson when added together equal 252 Gev.

[@B.D.F.]

“But if the particle decays so quickly how much effect could it possibly have?” Looking forward to that answer. 😁

[@nmarbletoe8210]

The Higgs boson has little effect. Higgs field has a huge effect.

[@paulstephen5416]

Our family loves Dr Lincoln!!! They should put a picture of Dr. Lincoln in a lake point tower, hahahah. Maybe, "science never stops unless you're atomist, or, rather, a Dominican going Thomistically"? ...Dad jokes still loading...

[@jggerald7877]

I was being consulted on the Higgs boson and other advanced Physics and Astrophysics subjects in the 1970s and 1980s by top scientists perhaps brought to me in MasbatePH by the British Monarchs or Princess Anne. We were Star Trek's Starfleet then.

[@mudfossiluniversity]

Hi Don it is Roger Spurr.......dont you think it is time to look at my research again.........you know I found the Higgs and Muons and dark matter and is on my channel.

[@drdon5205]

I'm sorry Roger, but no, you did not.

[@alcash65]

Fascinating, just mind twisting,bending,blowing, fascinating.As always, thank you Dr Lincoln

[@dinnoel3147]

Dr Lincoln, would you care to make a video about Resonance? From nuclear physics perspective

[@phoule76]

It was a missed opportunity not calling the Higgs Field the Higgpen.

[@JohnJohansen2]

So, that T-shirt is one size fits all😉

[@joseraulcapablanca8564]

Thanks Doctor Lincoln. It is great that you try to educate us. Keep up the good work.

[@martinsoos]

Don't objects get smaller with mass and energy when we are working with wave energy particles?

[@RME76048]

The proton-proton collisions sound promising. I will imagine that the velocities will be very close to C.

[@spookyactionatadistance1316]

Nice. Now you've made me feel smart and stupid at the same time.

[@roberthamilton4218]

Dr Lincoln, is our size as a human being relative to the size of the universe smaller than the relative size of the smallest subatomic particle that we know of to the size of the world?

[@anodominate]

In every video Dr. Linchon leave something inspirational behind - "Science never stops" & "Physics is eveything".

[@asthmasayshi131]

no video about the recently discovered new particle at cern ? the double charming tetra quark ?

[@pelimies1818]

Happy Birthday to all in the Team!

[@Yogachara]

Can you do a video on Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and how it may rule out dark matter?

[@henrik2117]

10 years?! Damn I'm feeling old now! 😂

[@bharathkumar1794]

yeh really old !

[@srik7323]

Awesome you put Boson with capital B!!

[@knowmankind]

Keep up the great work Dr. Don. I love watching all your presentations. It lets an armchair scientist get a real understanding of how the universe works, in the small stuff.

[@tresajessygeorge210]

THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!

[@waldwassermann]

"It is all about companionship really". - Wald Wassermann, Physicist

[@engwiki]

Great video. I have a question, though. I'm not a physicist, and I don't understand this concept of decay, when one particle can decay into a completely different particle, or when a collision produces a different particle. To me, it's like saying, "I smashed an apple and a banana together, which turned into an iguana, but after a short while, the iguana decayed into a sofa and a toaster oven." Please provide a video explaining this, as I'm very confsued.

[@festusmaximus4111]

Not just anything can happen in a decay event, there are several factors that remain the same before as after the event. For example, if a photon decays into an electron and an anti-electron (positron) the charge before is the same as it was after because it was zero in total before and is zero in total after. Additionally, electrons are a type of particle called a lepton, and have a 'lepton number' of +1, while a positron has the value -1 (this is an example of a quantum number). The decay event is only allowed to happen if all of the necessary conserved quantities are indeed conserved. Also, the chance of a given transition happening becomes vanishingly small, really tiny when there's lots of particles than need to change. Further, the chance the particles all end up in the right structure for the new thing to be an iguana, for example, is even smaller because there are more ways of arranging a blended up iguana than an intact and healthy one. The first bit raises a philosophical question: do the conserved quantities determine what can happen or do we give names to things that happen to be conserved?

[@user-dialectic-scietist1]

Your example has more physics than the physicists itself!

[@mastershooter64]

"I smashed an apple and a banana together, which turned into an iguana, but after a short while, the iguana decayed into a sofa and a toaster oven." exactly! that's basically what happens at that scales, but it doesn't seem to make sense to us at first because we're only used to newtonian physics and classsical mechanics, we grew up with that! But at those small scales quantum mechanics is what rules, and it's rules are fundamentally very different from classical mechanics that we know and love. No one knows why, well no one knows yet!

[@constpegasus]

Any chance at all finding the graviton?

[@ateacherwhogames8893]

If the Higgs boson is created by the collision of two protons, but it has a mass of around 130x that of a proton, does the extra mass come from the energy of the collision?

[@ericeaton2386]

Yep

[@GrammyFactChannel_5654]

my favorite channel......💕💕

[@Valdagast]

The uncertainty principle is usually put as "you can know position or velocity but not both. Would it be as accurate to say "you can know position or mass but not both"? Since mass can vary and the uncertainty principle is about position and momentum.

[@sydhenderson6753]

An alternate version of the uncertainty principle is that you can know energy (including mass) and time but not both. This doesn't usually matter except for particles with extremely short lifetimes, The W and Z bosons and the top quark all have half-lives on the order of 5*10^(-25) seconds, which makes their masses unusually uncertain, which makes nuclear decay possible. (Dr. Lincoln has several videos on this.) The Higgs boson decays in something like 4*10^(-22) seconds, or around a thousand times as long, so it's mass is a thousand times as certain. The shortest halflife of a quark other than a top quark (the charm quark) is a billion times longer than that of the Higgs boson and a trillion times longer than that of the top quark and W and Z bosons so we know its mass that much more accurately.

[@jerkyjones6944]

Love the title! The loop degrades! 😃

[@michaelnorthrop1205]

I've wondered about the mass of the Higgs boson. Since interaction with the Higgs is what 'gives' other particles mass, does a Higgs particle interact with itself? How does that work?

[@ny3793]

Yes

[@akale2620]

How much science do you want micheal? Michael: yes

[@user-dialectic-scietist1]

The God is hear!!!!

[@hetoan2]

My understanding is no, it doesn't really need to interact with itself, it just is. Starting at 7:10 when he talks about the "circular" interaction, it's the renormalization, which is needed for gauge theories. The Z/W bosons are intermediate vector bosons, and indicate a scalar boson must exist simply by looking at the math. I'm simplifying the concept with this analogy, but it becomes inevitable due to how the unit circle wraps and our coordinates go from 0 back to 1. When we complete the turn on the circle you get symmetry breaking. The Higgs is the jump needed to bridge that gap, thus it exists everywhere, and it's very observation is scalar in nature.

[@hetoan2]

To clarify, this is a property of the U(1) in the standard model, but I'm not familiar enough with group theory or other gauge theories to know if something like the Higgs is avoidable or inevitable. Don't confuse the model for reality. I think there's research coming out of other disciplines, like biochem, that show something like a SU(2) Chern-Simons theory to be potentially more in-line with reality due to the predictions in protein folding and DNA sequence mutations. That being said, these are all just models that make predictions- not reality.

[@farcydebop7982]

If the Higgs boson decays into a bottom quark and antiquark, does it mean it has no mass, or the entire energy of the higgs is turned into photon? I am a little confused here.

[@sapelesteve]

The Higgs boson was a fascinating discovery for sure! I for one miss your "Subatomic Stories" series Dr. Don. You should consider doing an occasional video for your loyal viewers. 👍👍😉😉💥💥

[@MrKelaher]

It is notable that Dr Don's follicle color charge has changed over the ten years :) It now appears to be a neutral mixed state ! Evidence of a new fundamental force ?

[@Arsenic71]

Or a new state of matter? 😉

[@mactan_sc]

still makes me sad that the superconducting supercollider doesnt exist

[@Braddeman]

You are my favorite teacher and presenter. I wish I was good at math I would love to do physics. Wish you could produce more content as this is one of my favorite channels on KZbin.

[@jeffbisscrx]

OK, I've read about and watched your videos about "force particles" and it still doesn't make any sense to me, I still see forces being "interconnections" between particles, such as a warping of space-time between them and dependent on distance between them. Maybe it's that old magnetic lines-of-force diagrams and gravity's warped sheet metaphor. Maybe a series, perhaps yet another, of precisely how physicists visualize forces that make the particle concept sensible? Two particles throwing balls at each other really doesn't do it for me for a number of reasons.

[@user-dialectic-scietist1]

There aren't such thing like forces, this is one of our trick to speak about material interactions! Also, the material interactions are only two kind, one Attractive and one Repulsing. Besides space and time as and the information, also field, spin, energy, mass, charge, polarity, particle function, wave function, uncertainty, relativity, gravity, electromagnetic radiation, the interactions, the changes ... e.t.c. everything, are creations of the material motion, and not some independent identity!

[@metoo6599]

Alot has happened in those 10 years

[@MerivaleTrains]

I’m 10 aye

[@mwm48]

Could dark matter be matter in a different dimension, or time? For example, might it be the echo of matter from the recent past? Maybe gravity gets weaker exponentially through time just as it does through space, with more recent events pulling greater than past events. Unless the event is more massive, then it would impact longer through time.

[@Scott-vy4zj]

I think so

[@hg6996]

So it's basically another blow for supersymmetry?

[@sydhenderson6753]

I was hoping that there would turn out to be three generations of Higgs bosons but that seems only hold for leptons and quarks.

[@m802001]

A couple of questions… 1. How do you know z and w bosons are produced if the don’t have the expected mass, and 2. Why bother with the incremental upgrades and not go straight to the upgrade that’s due in 2038?

[@drdon5205]

It takes time to get there. You have to build the various gizmos.

[@Arikayx13]

The LHC is a bunch of high powered extremely cold super conducting magnets and it takes weeks to cool the whole things down to operating temperature or warm it up again. If any one of the thousands of magnets fails, it means at least a month or two offline. New cooling and super conducting magnet tech needs to be tested for robustness before sticking it deep underground and freezing it to 1.9 Kelvin.

[@apburner1]

Do particles interact with the boson, or do they interact with the field?

[@narfwhals7843]

They interact with the field.

[@Dragrath1]

Any particle is only a corresponding nonzero fluctuation within the associated quantum field. The inverted wavelength fluctuation then corresponds to the associated antiparticle.

[@nswanberg]

The Higgs field does not oppose motion. It opposes changes in momentum. Doesn't light have momentum?

[@alexyan7245]

maybe higgs bosson will be the fundamental of delivery order transportation in the future.

[@aviecenna8579]

“In fact, you expect to see tons of collisions in which bottom quark pairs are produced at the LHC” - please tell me that that statement is literally true

[@Peter_Riis_DK]

I'm beginning to wonder what's behind the concept of "interaction" in relation to particle physics. The phrase "interacts" is used plentiful in this video. And what's the purpose of all this? I know it's basic research that might be useful or not, but has it in the last seventy years brought us any solutions to real world problems, e.g. making fusion technology work? Or is it mainly a well paid job-creation project for curious university employes?

[@rog2224]

Getting fusion working is mostly magnetic field wrangling, thus an engineering problem at 'classical' scales. I think your 'tenure' question is better aimed at theology colleges.

[@Peter_Riis_DK]

@@rog2224 Are you absolutely sure? You should write a paper about that. Let me know when it's out. Besides, do you have a useful answer other than snide remarks?

[@theprincedavidmckinzi2423]

🎂🥺

[@liberalrationalist8905]

What ideas are bubbling up that would use Higgs bosons to accomplish things that might include space drives?

[@theultimatereductionist7592]

Holy S! Higgs proposed the idea in the year I was born!

[@ArrovsSpele]

Wait a bit. We have never observed higgs directly. Only assumed decay particles. How do we know it have lifetime at all. It could just as same be interaction/decay/fusion/what ever its called alltogether. And why we need particle at all as field can exist without them?

[@Arsenic71]

I don't claim to understand even a fraction but here's something I don't understand. The relationship between particles and fields. Does this mean space is filled with Higgs bosons and particles interact directly with it, or do particles interact with the Higgs field? What do particles directly interact with? I find it truly breathtaking what moderately intelligent apes have already found out about the nature of things, just imagine what's to come in the next, say, 10.000 years.

[@Dragrath1]

In Quantum Field Theory what we call a particle (and its associated anti particle) are really just a persistent fluctuation within the associated quantum field i.e. an electron is a persistent excited state in the electron field while a positron is the inverse i.e. if an electron is represented as a peak value within the field the positron would have a corresponding a trough of equal magnitude. Fields can exchange energy and momentum with other fields via interactions so within the electron field example because oscillations in this field come with the property we call charge they primarily interact with the photon field a.k.a. the electromagnetic field so if that trough and peak come together and cancel out that energy will be released into the photon field as a pair of gamma rays. Thus in effect quantum fields within QFT are the only things that really exist in spacetime with the caveat that gravity does not yet work together with this model.

[@Arsenic71]

@@Dragrath1 Wow, thank you very much for that explanation. Just so I understand it correctly: The only thing that always exists are fields and those only turn into "particles" when interacting with another field (or in essence another particle...fluctuation). That would make total sense. Thanks again, sir, I believe you have made me smarter today!

[@Dragrath1]

@@Arsenic71 In essence yeah though quantum fluctuations in quantum fields arising due to the uncertainty principal complicate things by allowing "virtual" interactions but that is the general gist for how Quantum Field Theory works, its the fields that are fundamental and particles are the vibrations propagating through the fields.

[@CookiePepper]

13,800,000,010th birthday instead?

[@R055LE.1]

Eagerly awaiting 2038 apparently

[@darealpoopster]

How does the neutrino have mass then? They don’t interact with the Higgs, do they?

[@mby_dk]

I have a question that I haven't seen addressed anywhere: Our Universe was small shortly after the Big Bang, so it can't have grown to infinite size, because nothing can grow from finite to infinite size. Right?

[@narfwhals7843]

The _observable_ universe was small shortly after the big bang and it is still finite in size now. But the observable universe is likely only a small part of the whole universe. We don't know if the whole universe is infinite or not but if it is infinite now it was infinite as soon as it existed.

[@KonekoEalain]

Wow 10 years has slipped by fast. Thank you and can't wait for more!

[@max0x7ba]

The Planck constant definition is incorrect because it misses the time factor. A Photon is one oscillation of EM-field which has constant energy, there are no "high-energy" photons, they all have same constant energy of 1 (cannot be simpler than that). Planck missed the time unit because he sampled at 1-second intervals. An easy mistake to make in pre-computer times. Read a whitepaper called "Calibrating the universe, and why we need to do it" for full details.

[@invisiblekincajou]

i would say that mass is some sort of "higgs charge", inertia and gravitation are two "kinds" of same thing as electricity and magnetism... well, i'm not scientist anyway

[@MidnighterClub]

I wonder if there are any clues yet why inertial mass and gravitational mass are the same thing?

[@Mysoi123]

because gravitational mass doesn't exist. in Einstein's general relativity, objects follow straight lines just like Newton's first law. but they also curve spacetime around them. this curvature causes gravitational acceleration, eventually, two objects hit, and the acceleration is caused by the normal force from the ground, which is just a form of electromagnetism, causing an upward acceleration out of a straight line. that's what you feel as weight right now. a resistance in acceleration, that's inertia, while in free fall, you're following a straight line. you're accelerating in spacetime, follow a curve path, just to be stationary. so that's the bottom line, gravitational mass doesn't exist, because there is no gravitational field.

[@aaroncoffman7267]

Can the Higgs field be stronger in places or is it homogeneous through the universe?

[@haiguizeify]

Wow, fitting into the same shirt is impressive! Do you have workout routine or do you just keep a controlled diet?

[@fangugel3812]

I really like the Music in the intro and outro.

[@yogeshjog]

🤘🏻

[@iseriver3982]

Only 10 years? Feels like an age. It's kinda like when we figured we're part neanderthal. Relatively recent discover but feels like something I've know it since a child.

[@tanayakhichade914]

How first light of universe is formed

[@laserbeam002]

I would rather celebrate JUlY 4th. And I will. With my family.

[@antumurikks4861]

is there any theorical particle any left or needed solve something ? maybe wobbling myon? what is its solution,, is there anti-higgs particle?

[@DrVictorVasconcelos]

Not in the same way there was the Higgs boson, no. In fact, there was a physics conference back then where a physicist jokingly said that "the worst thing" that could happen in the LHC was finding the Higgs boson "and nothing else". Because there are certainly phenomena that we don't understand, like neutrino oscillations, which are the fact that neutrinos keep switching types (which we've come to call flavor) as they travel, between electron/muon/tau neutrinos, and they don't switch as we expect if there were only the three, so this could be explained by the existance of three other so-called sterile neutrinos, which are called that because apart from not interacting electromagnetically they also don't interact with the weak force (which is how we detect neutrinos in the first place). They are likely to exist because every other fundamental particle has a version that interacts and one that doesn't. We only never put then in because logic isn't enough, we need data, and our data is so-far controversial. In any case, back then we didn't know all that, the other major particles that we expected to find using on LHC relied on Super Symmetry (SS), which would be an extension of the Standard Model. SS is also required for String Theory (ST), so not finding any SS particle was somewhat of a blow to ST. SS particles were definitely the next "theoretical particle", mostly because, as this comment shows, there are many problems left to solve in physics, and, since ST has reached somewhat of a dead end, we needed SS to get us somewhere with ST. And ST would help us solve the biggest problem of all, maybe, which is making quantum physics compatible with general relativity, to create a theory of everything. Which reminds me, if gravity can indeed be quantized, we expect there to be a boson, the graviton, which should have no mass, no electric charge, and spin 2. There's also dark matter; if it is indeed a particle, and not a failure in our understanding of gravity, we have some theories. It could be, again, the sterile neutrino (though that's disputed because neutrinos travel quicker than our models show dark matter to, but then again our models aren't perfect), or something else, like the axion, which is a theoretical particle that received this name based on the cleaning product because the authors thought it "cleaned up" the "Strong CP problem", which itself is that our experimental data fails to confirm deviations from CP symmetries in the strong force that are theorized to happen. But the axion is also disputed as a dark matter candidate, because its mass would be very low and dark matter accounts for like 80% of all the mass in the universe, so thereˋd need to be a LOT of them. But then again, if the authors are 100% right (which is hardly ever the case), then there'd be such high amounts of axions, indeed. Finally, the magnetic monopole could certainly be a particle. Just like there is the up quark which has only positive electric charge and the down quark which has only negative electric charge, some physicists believe this could also happen magnetic charge, that is, particles that have only north magnetic charge or only south magnetic charge, instead of what we see in nature, which is magnetized objects having both poles. There are reasons to believe it should exist, and it's actually one of the motivations for inflation theory (if inflation happened as soon as it's theorized and it was as strong as it was theorized, then it prevented magnetic monopoles from being attracted to the particle with the opposite pole). Which brings me to the inflaton, the boson associated with the inflaton field, which would have given rise to inflation. Inflation now has a lot of work behind it and there are many types of quantum fieds that could have bosons associated with them for us to find. But, again, none of these are "theoretical" particles as the Higgs boson was, I wasn't around when the Higgs boson was proposed but it seems to me that these are all much more abstract and controversial than the Higgs boson was. I think, basically, theoretical physicists focused a lot of energy in Supersymmetry and String Theory for more than three decades and the LHC has not led to any findings in these areas. Now, there are many alternative extensions to the Standard Model, but there's no one theory that seems to attract the attention that SS and ST did. Maybe it's because physicists are afraid of dedicating a life of work to a theory that leads to nothing, maybe it's because physicists are a much more heterogeneous group now and it's not just a couple of universities holding all the most read researchers. But I think one thing that illustrates well the lack of unity of the current "theoretical" particles compared to the LHC is that there even is a proposition to expand the LHC, which is the Future Circular Collider, and even then physicists don't really expect to find any new particles at the new energies the FCC might reach, and many of them think the EU has better things to do with the billions of Euros than create a Higgs-maker to solve what many physicists think are non-problems (like the Higgs mass).

[@antumurikks4861]

@@DrVictorVasconcelos thanks for answer. I have stupid feeling 2 particles are same but of course its not true, those videos are great. hard understand but clear explain

[@Kenjiro5775]

Nothing is after the Higgs. The Standard Model has been confirmed in its entirity. From here, all there are guesses that are more metaphysics than physics.

[@greensombrero3641]

my mom used to call me a boson

[@rickpontificates3406]

What's next? Well, Higgs-Boson went on tour, but they had a falling out and broke up. Higgs went on to a successful career, but Boson sadly faded into obscurity.

[@Oliveir51]

Higgs field provides mass AND time to certain particles and thode like photon or some.neutrinos. Now is very difficult to imagine no time. At least for me. Any comment on that ?

[@stevenaspinwall2480]

You may be thinking of imaginary time. This is concept you can use to show relativistic of objects with changing time.

[@Oliveir51]

@@stevenaspinwall2480 was said Higgs boson creates mass and time. And is why particles with no mass do not know time. Is related to Fourier transform of position and momentum that leads to Eisenberg uncertainty over energy and time. And energy has mass equivalence through Einstein E = mc2

[@Apeiron242]

Please explain why the hecking heck mass is measured in volts. How many volts does a person weigh?

[@bloodyorphan]

5.6095883571872e+32 electron volts = one gram (Google is your firend)

[@nmarbletoe8210]

eV is an energy. by E=mc2 it is also a mass. ev is the energy that an electron gets moving across a 1 volt gradient, like in a battery

[@bloodyorphan]

@@nmarbletoe8210 We actually calculated the weight of an electron in Volts by weighing a high energy power distribution capacitor fully charged and "empty" the difference was the mass of electrons measured in electron volts.

[@nmarbletoe8210]

@@bloodyorphan Fun experiment, and impressive you could actually measure it~!

[@bloodyorphan]

@@nmarbletoe8210 Indeed the QM community discovered this approximately 37 years ago.

[@adamjbond]

Here's to another ten years of incredible research and science communication!

[@datapro007]

So the Higgs bozon has mass by interacting with the Higgs bozon? Is Bozo the Clown somehow involved?

[@romanski5811]

Yeah, please do a video on how the higgs boson gets its mass; and if it's circular, meaning from another higgs boson, then where does that higgs boson get its mass? Wouldn't that create an infinite series of higgs boson interactions?

[@nmarbletoe8210]

higgs boson has mass because it's oscillaiton changes the energy of the field. it is a radial mode on the mexican hat potential

[@ready1fire1aim1]

3 sets of 3 dimensions. We're 4D, not 3D. 1D, 2D, 3D are spatial 4D, 5D, 6D are temporal 7D, 8D, 9D are spectral 1D, 4D, 7D line/length/continuous 2D, 5D, 8D width/breadth/emission 3D, 6D, 9D height/depth/absorption

[@MitchCrane]

Amazing that mass has now existed for 10 years! Time flies, or does something (I don't really know what time does).

[@brasildocara]

Doctor Linconln, which are the probable hipothesis that explain "Decay of Higgs (or any quantum field) into other particle (or quantum field) ?

[@nmarbletoe8210]

it can decay partly because it has such high energy

[@Pancakes-hx8xj]

I love science physics and biology. I myself want to become a theoretical phicisist.