HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS 1, HARDENING, TEMPERING, ANNEALING & NORMALIZING OF STEELSMARC LECUYER

[@twobee10001]

I have been a Mould Maker for most of my 62 years of life and you have put together by far the best presentation on the hardening of tool steel yet. I have been shown since my early apprenticeship years, by experienced Journeyman Mould Makers, an unclear method of oil hardening our tools. You have explained it way better than it has ever been explained to me before! Thanks! i can't wait to get back in the shop and practice on some tool steel.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks James, I do this for fun and for the pleasure of helping others. Ciommenst like yours make the whole endevor worthwhile. I am touched. Thanks for watching and for taking the time to write, Marc L'Ecuyer

[@dannykrumpton4467]

Your students were lucky to have a teacher like you, good teachers don't get enough respect IMHO.

[@gateway8833]

I am a retired Fire Chief, I wished I had your vedio when I was a new firefighter. You provide a perspicacious presentation that is concise a understandable. Superb.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks abby! Flattery will get you on my good side! Marc

[@duks1111]

if i only found this video sooner, instead of 100 other, informationless vids... tnx for the knowledge sir , great video

[@dyode1]

...I'm investigating how to fabricate some spring clips to stabilise a baffle assembly in a telescope - and here I discover yet another youtube gem video. Thorough and clear, many thanks for an excellent video, a classic. I've watched many videos before this but none embed the presented phenomena and techniques in a rigorous empirical & scientific demonstration as your video does. A classic. Thanks kindly for your effort.

[@dginia]

Thanks for your insights. My maternal grandfather was a black smith. He told me he was apprenticed to three different men. In each case, when it came to performing a critical operation they would turn their back on him so he could not observe. Being a good student of the College of Hard Knocks, he went around them by reading books at the library. His understanding became greater than theirs. An unconfirmed family story is that he was the preferred sharpener of bits for the Mount Rushmore project because his bits stayed sharp longest of anyone's.

[@Daledavispratt]

+Dennis Goodrich Sounds like a classic case in job insecurity, if you ask me. Your grandfather was wise to glean as much from them as he could, which sounded like the very basics...and then educate himself with more pure knowledge unspoiled by opinions. They actually created a better blacksmith by trying to limit his development...nice.

[@fredmaughan5669]

Great video! You've taken all the mystery and magic out of basic heat treatment - applicable to the vast majority of shop projects. Thank you!

[@jimmytwohats2538]

I work in the demolition industry and have cut ALOT of steel over the years (oxy/LPG, thermal lance, hydraulic shears) and love every minute of it. We are taught about heat affecting steel lifting equipment(chain, hooks, FSWR) in Rigging, so I have always been aware of the topics covered above in a broad sense, obviously for the safety factor. This video has just added another dimension to my way of thinking about the whole experience. Literally another dimension. Thank you so much for sharing your immense knowledge mate. Appreciate it.

[@davidanimator1]

I have just gotten into your videos and already I want to thank you for giving clear and simple explanations of fundamental matters in working with metal. Many of the KZbin videos give very poor explanations of the things in their titles and I'm not sure why people bother to produce them. Not all of us have fathers who worked forty years as machinists and not all of us have access to a fully equipped professional machine shop. Thanks again.

[@davidanimator1]

Don't know 'bout that music, though.

[@ryanr4939]

Stellar explanation of these concepts. I have read it a dozen times, but never has it been so obvious as your explanation.

[@dz50790]

This is my favorite part of KZbin. Them you for making this video because it's exactly what i was trying to learn

[@a68rebel]

Best video on heat treating I've ever seen. Very easy to understand. Outstanding!

[@roosteri446]

I've read about austenite, martensite etc. decades ago but now I really understand what it means. The 1-2-3-4 rod was really descriptive what happens inside steel when heating and quenching. This was by far the best educational video I've seen for years in KZbin. I have to check the other videos in your channel too!

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

+Roos Teri Thanks Roos, you can link to all my video on my free website THATLAZYMACHINIST.COM Thanks for watching and for commenting, Marc

[@brinschneider9998]

Awesome video! Ive been trying to find a detailed video explaining these processes for a couple of weeks now. Well done and thank you very much!

[@sharkbaitsurfer]

That entire presentation is just brilliant, didn't need complex tools or measuring equipment and the visual differences are clearly identifiable, it's like advanced metallurgy for beginners, provided in a way that we can understand. You are an excellent teacher!

[@jmgraffio]

This is BY FAR the most informative video I have come across. And I have have watched days worth of video. The way you explained it made it extremely simple to understand and learned some new terms at the same time. GREAT VIDEO!!!!!!!!!! Thanks!

[@UniversalEngineer]

This is FANTASTIC. Finally, I’m understanding this topic due to this excellent explanation and demonstration. THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Even with an engineering background, I’ve never experienced such clear as this instruction.

[@SarcastSempervirens]

this is pure gold! I'm a newbie and have always known some general info on this, but never got a thorough and detailed explanation like this to really understand it. thank you for your effort, it is very appreciated!

[@marclecuyer9930]

Thanks Sarcast!

[@brutalbrital]

very good basic information video thank you for sharing your knowledge and experience very welcomed amongst all the rubbish on youtube

[@joebloe9901]

Excellent video......No blabbering and right to the point with facts in your face. I learned a lot from this.

[@Sabrinahuskydog]

I'm not really a metal worker but in general working with steel and hardening has always been something I have been curious about. I looked through a few KZbin videos tonight and did not come away feeling like I have learned much, and in general felt somewhat disappointed in most of what I was finding. But then I suddenly found your video. After having watched all of your video, I now feel like I have actually learned something. I feel like I at least understand the basics now. Thank you sir for making this video. You are an excellent teacher and I feel happy to of (finally) learned something new today. I have saved your channel and I will return to watch some more of your videos later when I have more time.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks Blueberry! It's all for fun, Marc

[@nickbriach3015]

I had some fundamental question concerning heating my 4130 alloy. You provided very good instructions on heat treating, tempering, annealing and quenching. Straight and understandable explanations to the process. Thanks!

[@tomalbers7021]

Excellent video. You haven't said too much nor too little, and it was easy to understand. One of the best instructive videos I've seen on KZbin so far. I wish there were many more teachers like you. Keep up the great work!!

[@mermodfreres]

So helpful! I'm trying to learn how to repair music box combs.....this explains it beautifully!

[@kkusuwan]

Simple explanation but easy to understand that very helpful and educationally. Thanks for your created and shared this great video.

[@davidhart8835]

Thank you for the video I am teaching myself metallurgy because I would like to make a a blade of some sort for fun. I have a large piece of steel that used to be a cutting edge on a plow. I heard it was very durable steel and to better understand it’s possible application for a blade I have been looking at videos to educate myself on the basic properties of steel and it’s types of alloys. This is the best explained and most educational video I have found yet to introduce me to the basics. Thanks again, hope you are well during these times.

[@Peteworth]

answered all my questions I ever had about hardening thank you so much.

[@aaronking5076]

This is the best technical explanation of these processes I have ever seen. Well done.

[@Pappaoh]

Outstanding vid sir! Your graphs and explanations made more sense than any I've encountered to this point.

[@michaelklepacz]

I’m just so mind blown by this channel. I’m going to try to watch everything from the beginning to present.

[@Thekoolbiker]

Thank you VERY MUCH. This is invaluable information on a complex subject, so expertly presented to make it comprehensible by us non professionals! Over and above, I can only imagine the amount of preparatory work that goes into each one of your videos so they are as precise, flowing and smooth as they are. My sincere congratulations, please keep up you excellent work. Aris Hadjiaslanis, Athens, Greece.

[@DaVe1oo]

Thank you for the video it is by far the best and easiest explanation I've ever seen on you tube.

[@stusmith5627]

this vid is by far the most detailed and correct vid i have found so far on this subject, and for that i thank you. you have made my day!! well done sir.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

+stu smith Thanks Stu! It's all for fun but it is nice to know that the videos are appreciated! Marc

[@dunxy]

Great video, presented professionally and concisely in an easy to understand way.Thank you very much! I feel now like i have at least some idea of what to do,never done any real hardening but do have much time annealing my brass for reloading.I purchased 3' of 1/2" silver steel yesterday just to stuff around and get my skills up, this experiment seems like a good start before i even try making a part.I think maybe i just try making myself a center punch or something to start with,do want to make an edge finder as well so that's a basic project too.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Hi dunxy! Thanks for a great comment. If you download my project drawings from the first page of my website ( THATLAZYMACHINIST.COM ) , you will find a simple edge finder project. Thanks for watching and for taking the time to write, Marc

[@villeneuvehr]

Excellent video. Everything you need to know about steel heat treating in one place. Thank you very much for taking your time to record this. I need to heat-treat some steel for carving tools i'm making, and this video was just what i needed. Best regards

[@fltwn]

Great job, Marc! Best explanation that I've ever seen of this rather complex process.

[@chadc437]

This is an excellent video. Very easy to understand and tremendously informative. I wish I had been able to watch this 20 years ago.

[@beerwrench]

Awesome! As everyone else has said before me, you've made something very complicated, very easy to understand.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks Mark! Marc

[@roelofrosendal]

Thanks a lot for covering this process so methodically and presenting it so absolutely clear. Its easy now for me to chose the best way of hardening and tempering the little anvil I am making with a bar of st 37k steel. I was under the impression that tempering after hardening was not needed. Now I know better. Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us. Roelof Rosendal I saw some comments / critics to your video. I give al lot of musical and technical workshops. All I can say you have given me, and others, an example on the best way to make things understandable.

[@tj9382]

This is a very good video, like having a personal tutor. Thanks very much.

[@yaarge2]

Clearest and best paced explanation I've found...thanks for posting

[@neilyeag]

Wow, I agree with the previous post. This is the most informative, professional and concise video I have seen, as opposed to a sea of rubbish.

[@robertallnutt3717]

Thank you for the best presentation on hardening steel. Now it is making sense to me, great job.

[@gerardopenya]

I feel lucky because you are still teaching in this way. GREAT VIDEO AND EXPLANATION.

[@graphique333]

Very instructive, well laid out, coherent explanations. watch this and learn about the general and differing heat treatment processes.

[@teidenzero]

This is incredibly clear. I only recently got into knife making and I wanted to dig a bit deeper inside the heat treatment process but I wasn't able to get a clear picture of what's going on and how it works. This is such a well put logical explaination, thank you

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks TZero! Producing the videos is one of my retirement projects and it's all for fun, but I must admit that it's nice to know that the videos are helping. Marc

[@teidenzero]

@@THATLAZYMACHINIST I am just starting knifemaking as a hobby, I'm waiting for my first piece of steel on Friday! I'm going to send the blade to heat treat somewhere for the first few blades, but meanwhile I'm gathering as much knowledge as I can and this was by far the best bit of information. You gained a new subscriber

[@cherrypicker8897]

Absolutely fantastic lesson. Have been in engineering over 50 years, still enjoy it. Thank you.

[@1693caterpillar]

Marc: Thank you for this excellent presentation on heat treatment. You have explained to me in a half an hour, what 2 years studying books could not. Thank you very much. I'm looking forward to learning from your other vids. Thanks again for sharing your knowledge....

[@brianprocter6191]

Thanks for the link to your video, Very well done. I taught metalwork for years so I have some knowledge. wish I had your video years ago, that was before internet.

[@flthmr63]

Excellent instructional videos for sure. I can’t the believe the youtube algorithm didn’t introduce us years ago.

[@alirezasaf]

Thank you very much. I just do not know how to thank you, I spent many hours trying to figure things out and you managed to clarify everything I needed. Now, I just can't to wait to share this amazing video with all the students in our team. Also I can't wait to watch all the videos you made. I hope everything goes super well in your life. I hope all the efforts you put in the making of these videos payback really way in whatever way you enjoy it the most.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Hi Alireza1 I am glad that the video helped, I produce them for fun and for the good feeling I get from helping others. Thanks for taking the time to write, it made my day, Marc

[@alirezasaf]

I am so glad to know that I made your day, because you made my day too. Thank you again.

[@TonyTooTuff]

This is the knowledge I was specifically looking for. I look forward to your other videos.

[@IW4DBX]

great school video, as not native english, I appreciated a lot your efforts to speak slowly. I may say it's the best video on youtube about this steel heat treatment

[@terrymurphy8117]

great video nice to see one that is packed with information that you can trust rare on youtube. and as a bonus Canadian please keep up the great work I am learning a lot

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks Terry! It's all for fun, thanks for taking the time to write, Marc!

[@patricksullivan4792]

Thank you. We watched your video today in welding class. The information is great!

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Hi Patrick! I am happy that the video helped and even happier that you took the time to write. I produce the videos for fun but it is nice to feel appreciated. Good luck with your studies, work hard and be safe!!! It is worth the effort, being knowledgeable and good at something makes a real difference in life. There are a lot of mediocre lawyers (some good ones to) out there but very few top notch welders.

[@AdamBakerBaker]

Just found you and looking forward to watching all of your vids. This is invaluable information delivered in a "classroom" type technical way without having to study over pages of material. Your delivery makes it feel almost intuitive despite quite the opposite being the case. Thanks you.

[@leocrossfield]

I am not a metalworker but I have become really interested. I had many questions about these terms buzzing around my head and you have clarified them all. Excellent tutorial and presentation - so clear and unambiguous. Thank you for taking the time to share you immense knowledge on the subject. Very much appreciated.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Hi Leo! It's all for fun and I am happy that the video helped. Marc

[@robertyoung5748]

I appreciate you taking the time to educate us on the properties of steel.

[@Harrypotergirl]

I'm a machinist send most of my hardening out but have strongly considered getting into it myself. Been thinking about marketing some knives. Your video is immensely informative 👌 thank you Sir!

[@kgize]

Lazy - You make good informative videos - I love them...your presence is weird enough, and your speech clear and succinct enough, as to add an X factor to your videos that is pretty cool and above the normal BS on YT..thanks..I love em

[@rickperry2739]

Thanks for breaking it down to an definable and understandable level.

[@niclas8591]

Excellent video. Clear and concise explanations, nice examples, and not too much information at once. Excellent. Thank you so much, I learned a lot watching it. ...continuing to part two :)

[@jackroman8821]

Excellent video. Very clear and to the point. Well explained and the diagrams really helped reinforce the key points. Thank you.

[@gaildimick1831]

That’s a lot to take in, thanks for the teaching, your a modern day Tubelcain. Thank ayou.

[@luisespinoza4444]

Un video muy instructivo. Muchas gracias por mostrar el efecto del calor sobre los aceros, para la formación de microestructuras.

[@huckleberrysundry]

I'd pay good money to attend one of Marc's lectures. Very informative, very well done.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thank you Calissimus, I make these videos for fun and to help others understand the rudiments of machining. I was a shop teacher for 24 years and I just can't seem to get it out of my system. So when I get a message saying that one of my videos helped, it makes me happy. Marc L'Ecuyer THATLAZYMACHINIST

[@spencerschelde420]

Thanks for making this video. I own a small fabrication shop. We make headers and exhaust systems, etc. One of my mandrel benders had a catastrophic failure and I had a local machine shop re-produce the parts on their cnc mill. I had to do some minor grinding to account for tolerances to get it to fit and I realized hos soft the steel was. I didn't have the time/option of bringing it to a professional heat treating facility so after watching your video I gave it a shot. I used a torch to heat the parts to a consistent and uniform, bright orange. The smaller part was quenched in mineral oil and as I probably didn't have enough oil, it was almost to boiling temps. I then re-quenched in water. The large part was quenched in 5 gallons of water, to which it almost boiled and then again in another 5 gallons of water. I polished both parts to remove the black scaling and then put them in my pre-heated, kitchen, oven. The oven only goes to a max of 555 degrees fahrenheit The smaller part went in first and then the large part. Small part was in the oven for 8 1/2 hours and the large for 7 hours. I turned the oven off and letting the door sit open to allow everything to slowly cool. I took a look at the colors of both parts. I had hoped to see the blue or at least purple but neither one do. They are more grey with some areas of purple and blue. I would appreciate your opinion on the process I used. Thanks.

[@1982matthewtaylor]

It would be cool if you answered this question, wrote a response, so here goes... That steel was quenched in water, i understand o1 and w2 and d2 are all tool steels i think, and o for oil, w for water, d for...i forget, but leaf springs and stuff i guess is somthing else, a steel made specifically for springs? More sylica? Another question is why do some knife makers quench in hot oil 120° or brine mixtures. They say better results and thats the extent of it,... Any ideas

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

@@1982matthewtaylor Hi! Oil transfers heat less easily so it is mostly used for alloy tool steels because cooling down slower will not affect (there is a limit to how slow) the hardness penetration (how deep the hardness will get from the surface). Plain carbon tool steels do not have good hardness penetration so to increase it, it is recommended to quench these less expensive steels in water. Why all the kerfuffle ? It is important to remember that rapid heat transfer will cause greater deformation of the part and increases the possibility of cracking (thermal shock). The slower quench (oil) reduces these problems. Logically, the hotter the oil the slower the quench and that equals even less cracking and less hardness penetration. Less cracking is good, less penetration (other than on a Saturday night) is not so good... but not really. A knife maker wants a hard edge and a less hard body in order to make the knifes cutting edge durable without creating a knife that will not be resistant to shock (like dropping it on a cement floor). Lack of penetration will produce this type of structure that resembles that of bi-metal hacksaw blades. I hope this helps, if not let me know and I will try to elaborate, in any case, I feel that this subject merits a short video. Thanks for a great question and be safe! Marc

[@HyperactiveNeuron]

Please don't fool yourself. You're not just a shop teacher but you're a materials science engineer. I almost went this route but opted for physics instead which was definitely harder. The only thing you didn't include was a discussion about whether the resulting molecular structure was face centered or one of the other possibilities.

[@shoestringeng6473]

Wow that helped me tie years of info together! This video will really help the intermediate black Smith engineering student as much as beginners thank you again!

[@piyushKr.pp-p_]

awesome knowlege video about heat treatmment ..speaking style is too clear to understand...lot of thanks to u

[@Phantom-mk4kp]

Best tutorial on YT for heat treatment

[@steelddd]

Awesome videos, Marc! Very thorough and well presented. I feel like I'm armed with plenty of knowledge now on steels and hardening for my home shop use. Thanks!

[@edwingaloustian3783]

Thank you for the VERY informative video. Long back, I took a few material science classes in engineering school ( my major was electronics engineering) - and your video really clarified so much of what I did not quite understand back then.

[@walterkiel552]

That is the best explanation of the basics that I've seen. Thanks, Marc!!

[@HyperactiveNeuron]

That was not only very interesting but informative. Great materials science lesson.

[@miguelangellagunes1155]

Señor Marc , muchas muchas gracias de verdad por compartir todo su conocimiento. He aprendido mucho de usted y soy su fan y lo admiro, espero conocerlo algún día en persona. Greetings from México 🇲🇽. Viva Canada 🇨🇦!

[@kevins1114]

Just when I thought I knew enough to get me by, I find your video and learn something more. I've been gunsmithing for over 30 years now. The master I apprenticed under taught me well, but he did leave out a few things. For example, I've been heat-treating gun parts without a single failure to date. However, I never knew the terms you described here - If someone had talked about Pearlite, I would have been totally lost. All I was taught for terms was tempering and annealing, but fortunately, I was taught about the differing colors resulting from tempering. I honestly wonder if the man I learned from knew anything about the science involved in metal production. The old-timers would just plow ahead and learn from their mistakes (if they survived those mistakes), but I was fortunate enough to have a conscientious instructor. But, I'm happy to tell you that I learned something new here. If I stop learning, it will be when I'm being dumped in a hole in the ground.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Kevin S Hi kevin, some people like to call themselves experts. I do not. I do know a little more than most when it comes to machining, but many people know more than I do. We are all works in progress and as long as we progress we are alive. The day that I stop wanting to know more is the day they will dig my hole so as you say in your comment, there is really only one way to go and that is forward. Marc

[@micamans]

+Kevin S Pearlite.... and the carbon diagram are one the first things I learned about when It comes to steel...Nice that you have been busy with a great teacher( I think) but you should know the basics when it comes to theory. Open up some books! Cheers mate!

[@TheDustysix]

+Kevin S I think Kevin as a Gunsmith, as well as everyone else, would enjoy this video "Knifemaking: Making a 1075 High Carbon steel Chopper" by asimmons913. A fascinating project, with a Beautiful finished product. It goes well with the video here we all watched.

[@kevins1114]

+TheDustysix Thank you, I'll look it up.

[@Spycontroll]

Very clean and understandable tutorial! Thank you very much!

[@dalskiBo]

Absolutely brilliant movie, thanks so much Marc. Excellent detail and so well explained, by far the best movie on heat treatment of steel, and of any material, not only on steel but of any material!

[@Ritalie]

The 1900's cast iron pans that were as thin as cardboard, but have absolutely amazing heat conductivity and flatness, and no casting cracks. Apparently they used to cool the pans over several hours, wrapping them in thermal blankets to do a very gradual cooling to make the most beautiful, rich, expensive, unaffordable, impossible to find, cast iron pans. I have a couple pans from the 1940's, 1950's, and 1960's, and they don't have hot spots when cooking, and are very thin. I bought a new Lodge American made Chinese made pan, and it only had a couple of spots that got really hot and burned the food, the surrounding metal would not conduct heat. So there is something going on with cast iron, where it chagnes the thermal conductivity dramatically, depending on how it was cast. The great enigma... How do you fix warped cast iron pans? Every cast iron pan I have, has been accidentally overheated in the last 70 years, and warped.

[@andreacausero4342]

This is high quality teaching! Great video, very insightful and brilliantly explained topics. Well done, sir!

[@varmintproblems]

Very nice video that explains the basics of metal heat treatment...definitely a must watch for anyone wanting to understand this process. Great job!!!

[@habiks]

the most informative video in a long time

[@DK-jt6be]

Thanks a lot for a very informativ and well-explained video. You definitely have a new subscriber! Cheers from Denmark

[@jpmorgan187]

very nice explanations. someone get this man a high res camera! those blue steels were beautiful!

[@HayabusaRydr]

Just found this video. Great info and thanks for examples to help show how things work!

[@vextoffen]

I really learned a lot from this video. thank you so much I'm attempting to start a blacksmithing company after I retire from the army. and while still active I will do this as a hobby. again great vid brother thank you

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks Roman!

[@thomasmare2907]

Incredibly succinct and informative. Thank you

[@jonathanpeer9025]

Very clear. You have explained this topic in an understandable and logical manner. Much better than any book I have read or other video I have seen. Thank you.

[@THATLAZYMACHINIST]

Thanks Jonathan, you made my day! Marc L'Ecuyer

[@NoName-mr1lh]

Thank you very much for this tutorial, it nicely and concisely tells me what I was looking for. It's much appreciated.

[@jacksonminnear5928]

Great explanation on this topic, This video helped increase my knowledge for my apprenticeship

[@wakefieldyorkshire]

What a brilliant lecture from the professor of metallurgy. THANK YOU

[@ciprianokritzinger3636]

Outstanding teaching video, the best I've ever seen.

[@davidcuster4618]

Best exposition of heat treatment I've seen.

[@59alphawell]

What an amazing and instructive video! Thank you very much!

[@wjkahl4900]

Very well done... I wish we had been better able to see the steel colors prior to quenching. This is a very good explanation of hardening and stress releaving. I plan to watch your other videos ASAP.

[@MrShobar]

Marc, I went to college in the U.S. and normalized steel is called it "pearlite" here. A very interesting and informative discussion, my friend.

[@nelioj665]

Very interesting and explained in a very simple way... Brilliant!!!

[@VenturiLife]

Great video. I was amazed at the differences in the crystalline structures..

[@TacDyne]

Wax on, wax off. Paint the fence. The way it should be taught. Thank you for not skipping over the in depth details with proper terminology.

[@marclecuyer9930]

Thanks! It's all for fun and it is nice to know that the videos are helping, Marc.

[@jonarbuckle1560]

You are a talented teacher. thanks again (i keep coming back to re-watch things because im a slow learner)