History of Vientiane - Laos Part 5

Vientiane (pronounced /vjɛnˈtjɑːn/, Lao ວຽງຈັນ Wiang-jun; Thai เวียงจันทน์ Wiang-chan, IPA: [wíəŋ tɕàn]; literally "City of Sandalwood") is the capital and largest city of Laos, situated in the Mekong river.
Sri Sattanak, or Sisattanak (Lao: ສີສັດຕະນາກ; Pali: श्रि शत्तनक् शिसत्तनक्), is a former name of Vientiane. It is often confused with Sri Sattanakanahut, the Pali name of Lan Xang, the Kingdom of the Million Elephants. Sisattanak now is the name of one of the five districts of the city Vientiane.
The name of the city is derived from Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism. Its original meaning is "royal sandalwood grove" or "city of sandalwood", this tree being highly valued in classical India for its fragrance. In modern Lao, the meaning of Vientiane is ambiguous, and is often mistakenly believed to mean "city of the moon", because the words for 'moon (chandra (चन्द) in Sanskrit)' and 'sandalwood (chandana (चन्दन) in Sanskrit)' are written and pronounced identically as 'jan'. However, the name in Thai, เวียงจันทน์, retains the etymologically correct spelling, and clearly indicates "city of sandalwood" as the meaning. The romanized spelling "Vientiane" is of French origin, and reflects the difficulty the French had in pronouncing the hard "j" sound in the Lao word; a common English-based spelling is "Viangchan", or occasionally "Wiangchan".
The great Laotian epic, the Phra Lak Phra Lam, claims that Prince Thattaradtha founded the city when he left the legendary Lao kingdom of Muong Inthapatha Maha Nakhone because he was denied the throne in favor of his younger brother. Thattaradtha founded a city called Maha Thani Si Phan Phao on the western banks of the Mekong River; this city was told to have later become today's Udon Thani, Thailand. One day, a seven-headed Naga told Thattaradtha to start a new city on the eastern bank of the river opposite Maha Thani Si Phan Phao. The prince called this city Chanthabuly Si Sattanakhanahud; which was told to be the predecessor of modern Vientiane.
Contrary to the Phra Lak Phra Ram, most historians believe Vientiane was an early Khmer settlement centered around a Hindu temple, which the Pha That Luang would later replace. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the time when the Lao and Thai people are believed to have entered Southeast Asia from Southern China, the few remaining Khmers in the area were either killed, removed, or assimilated into the Lao civilization, which would soon overtake the area.
In 1354, when Fa Ngum founded the kingdom of Lan Xang, Vientiane became an important administrative city, even though it was not made the capital. King Setthathirath officially established it as the capital of Lan Xang in 1563, to avoid Burmese invasion.[4] When Lan Xang fell apart in 1707, it became an independent Kingdom of Vientiane. In 1779, it was conquered by the Siamese general Phraya Chakri and made a vassal of Siam.
When King Anouvong raised an unsuccessful rebellion, it was obliterated by Siamese armies in 1827. The city was burned to the ground and was looted of nearly all Laotian artifacts including Buddha statues and people. Vientiane was in great disrepair when the French arrived, arrived to only find a depopulated region with even the great city of Vientiane disappearing into the forest.It eventually passed to French rule in 1893. It became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos in 1899. The French rebuilt the city and rebuilt or repaired Buddhist temples such as Pha That Luang, Haw Phra Kaew, and left many colonial buildings behind.
During World War II, Vientiane fell with little resistance and was occupied by Japanese forces, under the command of Sako Masanori,[5] on 9 March 1945. French paratroopers arrived and "liberated" the city on April 24, 1945.[6]
As the Laotian Civil War broke out between the Royal Lao Government and the Pathet Lao, Vientiane became unstabled. In August 1960, Kong Le seized the capital and insisted that Souvanna Phouma, become Prime Minister. In mid-December, General Phoumi then seized the capital and overthrew the Phouma Government and installed Boun Oum as Prime Minister. In mid-1975, Pathet Lao troops had move towards the city and American personnel began evacuating the capital. On August 23, 1975, a contingent of 50 Pathet Lao women, symbolically "liberated" the city.[6]
Vientiane was the host of the incident free 2009 Southeast Asian Games, with 18 disciplines being dropped from the previous games held in Thailand due to Laos' landlocked state and the lack of adequate facilities in Vientiane.

[@souphanhali]

Thank you ! for posted History of Vientiane. I hope some day some one will translate these youtube to English for our young generation. souphanhali 1 second ago

[@MrLaosuisse]

ຂອບໃຈລາວລ້ານຊ້າງທີ່ນຳເອົາປະວັດລາວວຽງຈັນມາລົງໃວ້ໃຫ້ເປັນບົດຮຽນໃຫ້ລູກໃຫ້ຫຼານລາວ ໃດ້ຮຽນຮູ້ສືບຕໍ່ໄປ.........ຂອບໃຈທ່ານຫຼາຍໆໆໆໆຮັກປະເທດລາວ

[@onwoli1084]

ทำวันนี้ไห้ดีที่สุดก้อพอย่ายืดตืดกับอาดีดหลายเกินไป

[@peterkoko1]

ຮັກປະເທດລາວ

[@thongchanh3380]

peterkoko1 ຂອບໃຈ ສຳລັບໍ້ມູນນີ້

[@Laohaklao]

ໃນຍຸກພະເຈົ້າສຸຣິຍະວົງສາ ປົກຄອງ ປທຊ ບ້ານເມືອງແມ່ນ ຮຸ່ງເຮືອງເຫືລອງເຫື້ລອມ ວັດວາອາຮາມແມ່ນໃດ້ຖືກ ສ້າງສາຕົກແຕ່ງ ຢ່າງຈົບງາມ.ເມືອງວຽງຈັນ ຮຸ່ງເຮືອງ ຈະເຣີນ ບໍ່ນ້ອຍໝ້າໄປກົ່ວາຊາດອື່ນ ບໍ່ແຕກຕ່າງຫັຍງ ຈາກ ຍຸກພະເຈົ້າ ໄຊອົງເຫວ້ສອງ ສຸພານຸວົງສ໌ ແລະ ພະເຈົ້າໄຊອົງເຫວ້ສາມ ພະເຈົ້າ ຫງຽນ ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ ຂຶ້ນຄອງລາດ. It is Laos' golden age. ໂອຍ!!ຕິສະຫຍາມອີກແລ້ວ..ບັກລາວຕາຂາວ..ຕິມຶງເອງ. ບັກປອບ. ເປັນຫັຍງມຶງບໍ່ກັບໄປອ່ານ ເລື້ອງບັກໄຊອົງເຫວ້ກ່ອນ.... ມຶງແປງ ປວດສ ແລ້ວ ບັກຄວາຍ..

[@vln3522]

ມຶງບໍ່ເຂົ້າປະຫວັດສາດ ບັກປອບທັ່ງລາວມີປະຫວັດສາດຂອງລາວ ຄວາມຈິງທີ່ເກີດຂື້ນຈຳເປັນເລົ່າໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໃຈບໍ່

[@user-sr7dn3fq9b]

ມຶງນີເປັນຄົນເນລະຄຸນຕໍ່ບັນພະບູລຸດແທ້ໆບໍ່ຄວນເກີດເປັນຄົນໜ້າຈະເກີດເປັນໝ້າ

[@user-jk2xb3nm4p]

lao sound familair with khmer language than thai

[@peakarach7051]

វីរៈ រ័ត្ន Thai Ayutthaya, Thai Supanburi, Northern Thai, Thai Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thai Esan...are Lao peoples they came from Vientiane, Luang Prabang, XiangKhouang. Thai central are Lao they're related to Siem, Siam or Rsiam peoples through intermarriage over the centuries, that's why their languages are mostly Lao, Mon-khmer and Malaysian languages. Siam, Siem, or Rsiam are Mon-khmer, Malaysian, Vietnamese, Burmese and Hill tribes peoples.

[@user-jk2xb3nm4p]

peakarach agree