History Re-Summarized: Egypt

I for one was shocked to learn the Egyptians actually buried their kings in a giant Millennium Puzzle.
We've covered Egypt on this channel in previous videos, but this History Re-Summarized is the Definitive Edition, redone from the ground up to present the best possible account - starting at the beginning for a full chronology of Ancient Egypt, from the very first Pharaohs the Muslim Conquest.
(Observant Egyptologists and D&D players might note the Pyramids are actually D-*Fives*, but technically they're D-*Nines* since each face is actually two right triangles at a slight angle to each other and not a single flat isosceles triangle, so shhh, we can pretend it's a D4.)
Sources & Further Reading: "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt" & "Ancient Egypt: A Very Short Introduction" by Ian Shaw, World History Encyclopedia entries on "Ancient Egypt", "Old Kingdom of Egypt", "First Intermediate Period of Egypt", "Middle Kingdom of Egypt", "Second Intermediate Period of Egypt", "New Kingdom of Egypt" www.worldhistory.org/egypt/, The Great Courses' lecture series "History of Ancient Egypt" by Bob Brier. Additionally, I have an undergraduate degree in classical studies (re: Persia, Ptolemies and Rome). Extra special thanks to our OSP Discord server moderator & Egyptology connoisseur Billy, for his assistance and guidance for this video!
Our content is intended for teenage audiences and up.
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[@OverlySarcasticProductions]

We've got new PINS! For one more week, grab a Demeter & Hestia Enamel Pin Pack at our Crowdmade shop! crowdmade.com/collections/overlysarcasticproductions/products/overly-sarcastic-productions-hestia-demeter-pin-pack? -B

[@rajashashankgutta4334]

Title must be changed as history Resummerized: ancient Egypt

[@scarletkingdom2359]

Please talk about Nubia🙏

[@Padtedesco]

Egyptian history summarized: ends on 600 CE Brazilian history summarized: starts on 1500 CE Roman history summarized: It never begins, it never ends...

[@NotHPotter]

The pyramids are square pyramids, not d4s. Ok, got that off my chest.

[@checkoffgames]

That final joke was terrible. You should do more of that

[@Dyneamaeus]

"Conquered not by a man, but a god." is a statement absolutely thick with historical weight.

[@Larsanator]

Actually it wasn't conquered by a God, same God, different name; it was a man known as a prophet that did the conquering.

[@writershard5065]

It's funny 'cause it can be said that that's still conquering by man. Just using a different strategy of culture erasure and conversion.

[@CoralCopperHead]

And historical hypocrisy. Seriously, the sheer number of atrocities that have been justified by "[INSERT DEITY OF CHOICE HERE] told me it was divine judgement and I had to be the one to massacre this entire population of people because they eat something we aren't allowed to or some shit."

[@Larsanator]

@PenitentDeadMan308 T OK, Jesus was the leader of a cannibal cult. Convince me otherwise.

[@carlosroo5460]

THE God, I may add.

[@Riverbed_Dreaming]

‘Alexander the Macedonian twink’ I’m not sure if you admire the guy or despise him at this point but that is a powerful sentence

[@huntergraham702]

He dislikes the bland "The Great" title given to Alexander and in his video about the man, he came up with all sorts of more interesting titles.

[@jasonblalock4429]

@@huntergraham702 Yeah, but none of Blue's titles for him were particularly flattering, like "Alexander the Pretty Good" and I think I also remember "Alexander the Overrated."

[@apollo8447]

This is the peak of the "giving alexander diffrent epithets every time we mention him" running joke

[@rotomblack8389]

You are unsure if the context of Alex’s monicker is admirable or despicable? That speaks volumes in itself lol 😂

[@AHGrayLensman]

My favorite is still "Alexander the Plot Armor".

[@Strider1321]

Every time I look at the Ptolemy family tree the geneticist in me has a mini heart attack trying to think of how to calculate the inbreeding coefficient

[@Yora21]

"It's high. Very high." Though I always have doubt how much the official lineages actually matches genetic parentage.

[@helenanilsson5666]

@@Yora21 Same. I mean we're talking about the most powerful people in their country, stuck in marriages that were most likely very political and not inspiring a whole lot of passion, and there wasn't really any reliable paternity tests back then. Besides, there's a lot of history we don't have access to because time has erased the sources, or the sources were never written down to begin with. Heck, for all we know the Ptolemy family *knew* that the genetic lineage did not match the official records but didn't include that information in the family tree because they wanted to preserve an image of "pure family". Edit: went back and counted the generations in the dynasty and got 13ish (complicated by the inbreeding) generations in those almost 300 years. I refuse to believe every heir was truly legitimate.

[@joshuahunt3032]

@@helenanilsson5666 Yeah, I assume that if every heir was legitimate, there’d eventually be a breaking point at which further generations become too genetically unstable to even EXIST. Every attempt for a child after that breaking point, for all I know, might result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or worse. And I don’t think that would take 300 years. MatPat once did a Film Theory episode suggesting that there’s a damn good reason Daenerys Targaryen was unable to have a kid (at least at the time the episode was written, I’ve never watched GOT myself).

[@CollinMcLean]

​@@Yora21 Very likely when you consider that on top of the Rosetta stone and sibling marriage another thing the ptolemies are famous for is the sheer orgy of orgies they hosted.

[@DavidbarZeus1]

@@joshuahunt3032 Dany is actually less inbred than you'd think. For prizing their Valyrian lineage, the Targaryens are surprisingly mixed in with the rest of Westeros

[@ieshi23]

It's always astounding to think about how old Egypt is. There are around a thousand years between the old and middle kingdoms... then another 4000 until today

[@CoralCopperHead]

On a related note, the ground you walk on is several billion years old.

[@magic8ball237]

@@CoralCopperHead Ground doesn't have cool combined hats though

[@joshuahunt3032]

There’s an old joke that Cleopatra’s life was closer in time to the American landings on Earth’s moon than to the construction of the pyramid of Giza.

[@wyvrn4301]

@@magic8ball237 exactly! cool hats for all

[@timfortune9]

Emperor Augustus is about as ancient to us as the Pharaohs who built the pyramids were to him.

[@hamzahammami22]

Egypt's history after the Pharaohs is equally fascinating

[@OverlySarcasticProductions]

Don't worry, we'll get there. One thing at a time, but we'll get there. -B

[@liamwhite3522]

Slightly-less-ancient Egypt video eventually

[@PharaohofCulture]

@Overly Sarcastic Productions gonna be looking forward to that time. Thanks Blue and Red! 😁

[@WrensthavAviovus]

@@liamwhite3522 so ancient, to old, to tired to retired?

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@OverlySarcasticProductions please do on the Sikhs empire

[@Just_Some_Guy_with_a_Mustache]

Wait, I'm confused. Where's the part where the pharaohs, his court, and their enemies battled each other with stone slabs that summoned monsters in a children's card game?

[@Bluecho4]

It's in between when The Rock was turning into a literal Scorpion King (pincers and all) and when aliens came to build a Stargate.

[@drippylad3973]

Idk check the comment above me

[@alexs5814]

@@Bluecho4 This was the best possible answer to the question above! I bow before your wisdom!

[@johanrunfeldt7174]

For the odd possibility that you're not joking: Please learn to differentiate between real life history and fiction!

[@thackerybinx437]

Okay, you comment on literally every youtube video I watch. Are you a time traveler, wizard, or are you able to clone yourself because there no fucking way that is a coincidence and/or humanly possibel.

[@beardedgeek973]

I never had a problem with "upper and lower" since I always assumed it had to do with elevation and the direction rivers flow (aka downwards and towards larger and larger bodies of water)

[@myx5675]

yea its similar in germany .. where the federal state "lower saxony" is farther north than "saxony" itself, because it lies in the lower plains. Defining lower and upper by elevation is actually more reasonable then to use the arbetrary notion that "north" is up on a round globe.

[@nin2494]

@@myx5675 *arbitrary

[@TheRealPentigan]

Basically that the upper kingdom is 'up river' of the lower one

[@1224chrisng]

same with Upper and Lower Canada (modern Ontario and Quebec), it's based on the flow of the St. Lawrence, even Upper Canada is west of Lower Canada

[@dnocturn84]

It's just a misinterpretation by many people who think upper is north and lower is south. This is wrong and very dumb, as upper and lower solely refers to elevation and of course can be the other way around or actually entirely unconnected to compass direction all together. Things that are something ... north, south, east or west use that term instead. Just pay more attention in school, I guess.

[@eveakane6563]

All that discussion for a Pyramid Scheme joke. I applaud you.

[@Bluecho4]

It makes sense that, with all the incest and whatnot all throughout Egypt's history (especially during the Ptolomaic dynasty), that it would end with an Aristocrats joke.

[@Hallows4]

Totally worth it :)

[@a.h.s.3006]

"Egypt is not a historic country , Egypt came first, then came the history" -Najeeb Mahfouz

[@yonokhanman654]

One may call it... Prehistoric. *Badum ts*

[@xenotypos]

Well, not really as writting appeared in Mesopotamia first (Sumer). History began, when writting appeared.

[@TrivedijiGames]

I disagree with that. Many historians would disagree with that actually.

[@juanjuri6127]

2:40 the bent pyramid didn't collapse into itself - the one that did was the pyramid of Meidum, which was being built at the same time. Both pyramids were ambitious in that they tried to go for a much pointier elevation angle than the other pyramids that came before or after - but Meidum's collapse proved that you needed to go kinda squat or it wouldn't be structurally stable, so the builders of the bent pyramid got the news of what happened and went "fuck it, bent pyramid better than no pyramid I guess"

[@reyonXIII]

The bent pyramid didn't collapse, but their plans for it certainly did.

[@peterwindhorst5775]

@@reyonXIII As well as the guy that built it - according to the Greeks, he lost his head. His sons and grandsons on the other hand continued the family business - building the 3 pyramids of Giza.

[@francischambless5919]

you're still speculating as anyone else is. None of these ideas are written anywhere, just conjecture.

[@peterwindhorst5775]

@@francischambless5919 I was quoting from Herodotus - though the history is rather thin, he was only reporting the legends he heard giving them all a grain of salt. But IF you were pharaoh and your pyramid collapsed on you due to an engineering mistake - would you not punish the chief engineer for his oversight?

[@francischambless5919]

@@peterwindhorst5775 Honestly Peter I wouldn't begin to think that I could ever interpret what a Pharoah at that time would think unless it was from their own account. I haven't read Herodotus in a long time, so I can't recall much of it admittedly, but my point is that we don't have any definitive answers regarding why these pyramids were built as they were. It's irritating to me that hearsay is passed on as facts and not specified as what it is, hearsay and speculation, educated guessing. It's just disingenuous and misleading, or pure junk science. I haven't read anywhere regarding Sneferu's pyramid where the builders started to see cracks and decided to change the shape, nor any first hand writings during that period that this was the case. Everything surmised is just speculation long after the fact and to me that's just misleading to people.

[@dionadair8195]

"conquered not by a man, but a god" is a fittingly dramatic and poetic line for Ancient Egypt.

[@patrickdees5256]

Twas the gods who conquered Egypt in it's infancy, so it takes a god to conquer it again.

[@bluesbest1]

It also really sells just how robust Egyptian culture is, that several thousand years of mortal efforts did nothing to it and it took divine intervention to finally end it. It really lives up to the hype of Genesis and Exodus.

[@patrickdees5256]

@@bluesbest1 oh yeah

[@TrivedijiGames]

@@bluesbest1 I don't understand that. These gods aren't even real. It's man made.

[@Big_E_Soul_Fragment]

Finally, Tomb Kings lore

[@IamJustaSimpleMan]

You mispronounced Necrons 😉 kidding 🤗

[@user-uh7cb3vy4v]

My people

[@hyperskeletonhead]

@@IamJustaSimpleMan (setra the perishable) i know im so funny

[@TheLordCypher1st]

Sure this video pleases Settra... Great King, the Imperishable, Khemrikhara, The Great King of Nehekhara, King of Kings, Opener of the Way, Wielder of the Divine Flame, Punisher of Nomads, The Great Unifier, Commander of the Golden Legion, Sacred of Appearance, Bringer of Light, Father of Hawks, Builder of Cities, Protector of the Two Worlds, Keeper of the Hours, Chosen of Ptra, High Steward of the Horizon, Sailor of the Great Vitae, Sentinel of the Two Realms, The Undisputed, Begetter of the Begat, Scourge of the Faithless, Carrion-feeder, First of the Charnel Valley, Rider of the Sacred Chariot, Vanquisher of Vermin, Champion of the Death Arena, Mighty Lion of the Infinite Desert, Emperor of the Shifting Sands, He Who Holds The Sceptre, Great Hawk Of The Heavens, Arch-Sultan of Atalan, Waker of the Hierotitan, Monarch of the Sky, Majestic Emperor of the Shifting Sands, Champion of the Desert Gods, Breaker of the Ogre Clans, Builder of the Great Pyramid, Terror of the Living, Master of the Never-Ending Horizon, Master of the Necropolises, Taker of Souls, Tyrant to the Foolish, Bearer of Ptra's Holy Blade, Scion of Usirian, Scion of Nehek, The Great, Chaser of Nightmares, Keeper of the Royal Herat, Founder of the Mortuary Cult, Banisher of the Grand Hierophant, High Lord Admiral of the Deathfleets, Guardian of the Charnal Pass, Tamer of the Liche King, Unliving Jackal Lord, Dismisser of the Warrior Queen, Charioteer of the Gods, He Who Does Not Serve, Slayer off Reddittras, Scarab Purger, Favoured of Usirian, Player of the Great Game, Liberator of Life, Lord Sand, Wrangler of Scorpions, Emperor of the Dunes, Eternal Sovereign of Khemri's Legions, Seneschal of the Great Sandy Desert, Curserer of the Living, Regent of the Eastern Mountains, Warden of the Eternal Necropolis, Herald of all Heralds, Caller of the Bitter Wind, God-Tamer, Master of the Mortis River, Guardian of the Dead, Great Keeper of the Obelisks, Deacon of the Ash River, Belated of Wakers, General of the Mighty Frame, Summoner of Sandstorms, Master of all Necrotects, Prince of Dust, Tyrant of Araby, Purger of the Greenskin Breathers, Killer of the False God's Champions, Tyrant of the Gold Dunes, Golden Bone Lord, Avenger of the Dead, Carrion Master, Eternal Warden of Nehek's Lands, Breaker of Djaf's Bonds... and many, many more...

[@ultralurker7579]

At last, my people

[@waffleworshiper]

The pyramids of Egypt are square pyramids but d4s are triangular pyramids. However, since we haven’t burrowed under the Pyramids at Giza we can’t know for certain that they aren’t simply half-buried d8s!

[@Ditidos]

Mmmmh, new design for ancient alien vessels taken.

[@akhragee]

Me at my screen immediately: THOSE ARE D5's

[@voidify3]

@@akhragee dice need to have equal area sides

[@lornbaker1083]

@@voidify3 unrelated but do 5D actually exist? I know three-sided dice do. I've never seen or heard of a D5 however

[@waffleworshiper]

@@lornbaker1083 Yes there are d5s and they are shaped super weirdly. They’re used in Dungeon Crawl Classics and Mutant Crawl Classics and manufactured by the company which makes both games.

[@reillycurran8508]

I think not enough attention is paid in history classes to the fact that the NEW kingdom period is still as ancient to Augustus as the Rashidun and Charlemagne are to us. Egypt the culture is one of the most singularly ancient that we know of, so much so that the Afro-Asiatic language family the Egyptian language descends from is one of the oldest that linguists have been able to reconstruct, being estimated as having roots up to 10,000 years old. Not to mention how the alphabet I'm writing this in derives from Egyptian hieroglyphs, 𐑨𐑟 𐑐𐑸𐑖𐑩𐑤 𐑨𐑟 𐑲 𐑥𐑱 𐑚𐑰 𐑑 •𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑧𐑛.

[@reyonXIII]

Indeed. It never does truly sink in with people how stupidly old these guys were, though that's probably because, unlike everyone else, their culture remained intact for 3000 years at bare minimum BEFORE the collapse...and they survived it with culture intact till a bit past the Romans. Mesopotamia is older, but the ball that are length and consistency is firmly in Egypt's court.

[@JMObyx]

Whoah, is that Coptic Script?

[@mostafamohy8494]

What script is this?

[@timothyhicks3643]

@@JMObyx Not Coptic; Coptic looks kind of like Greek. Like this: Ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲁ̀ Ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ

[@timothyhicks3643]

@@mostafamohy8494 It's Shavian script, which is an alternative alphabet constructed for English in 1958. I had never heard of it before today, but it looks like "𐑨𐑟 𐑐𐑸𐑖𐑩𐑤 𐑨𐑟 𐑲 𐑥𐑱 𐑚𐑰 𐑑 •𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑧𐑛" translates to "as partial as I may be to Shavian instead".

[@HPetch]

My biggest takeaway from all this: the absolute mess of Ptolemaic intermarriage that Blue nearly had a breakdown trying to explain years ago is, somehow, less distressing than the nightmare that happened in the following two (or three, it's a bit hard to notate) generations. I can understand why he didn't talk about that at the time, though - after what discussing Ptolemys six to eight did to him, going into nine through twelve probably would have actually killed him.

[@FuzzyStripetail]

In addition to her trading relationship with Punt, Hatshepsut didn't kick around her affinity to use her pleasantly adorable smile to establish beautiful temples and immense wealth for Egypt.

[@fissionist2158]

There wasn’t any point in giving Punt the boot since they were trading, so she kept at it and probably got a kick out of all of the temples and wealth in Egypt!

[@mogscugg2639]

War? Just think of the cost!

[@semaj_5022]

I feel like I'm missing a reference here

[@PatriciaKerri]

@@semaj_5022 "Punt" is a verb meaning "to kick"

[@justatransnoibat3507]

Calling Alexander the Great “The Macedonian Twink” is the best quote I’ve heard out of this channel

[@YourGayOverlord]

It's fabulous, Hephaestus would be proud 🥲

[@rotomblack8389]

“Alexander the Macedonian Power Bottom” 🤣😂

[@blendibisha33]

"World's horniest ukulele" says hi!

[@CollinMcLean]

One of the meanings for it is someone who manipulates the rules of a roleplaying game to give themselves the most overpowered character. So it's got tons of layers to play with.

[@marocat4749]

@@rotomblack8389 XD the macedonian twink title is great to, but that XD

[@lavaknight3682]

I do really love how an entire language was discovered completely by accident

[@fyraltari1889]

It wasn't. Napoléon had a whole array of scientists with him to do egyptology while campaigning in Egypt.

[@singletona082]

@@fyraltari1889Give dude credit for recognizing the value in sending a scientific and reserarch corps with him. 'Oh shit I don't want to just blow things up I wanna learn!'

[@cam4636]

@@singletona082 I mean...it's more like "oh boy let's take souvenirs while we blow things up"

[@singletona082]

@@cam4636 To be fair... that was most of Europe, though the majority wouldn't have bothered. They'd have been 'oh hey I got this while looting the natives over yonderway.' Still not great but at least napoleon wanted to go and get specifics on who he robbed.

[@krankarvolund7771]

@@singletona082 Yeah, the scientists were here to help the army, he wanted to build the Suez channel, mills, roads, etc... ut once in place, they've founded an Egypt Institute, to promote the Enlightment in Egypt, and they began to publish things about Egypt, and that helped a lot in Napoleons propaganda ^^ Also, Napoleon didn't broughtanything back home this time (he pludnered Italy from a lotof treasures inhis precedent campaign ^^), because he had to fled without his army, before they were crushed by the Ottomans and the British XD

[@Punaparta]

So, Rosetta stone in 1822 and the tomb of King Tut in 1922? If this year doesn't bring us a major archaelogical discovery that changes our understanding of Egyptian civilisation completely, I'm going to be _so_ disappointed.

[@reyonXIII]

They find ancient stone tablets that look like cards. Or they fish out a vampire from the sea. ....legit, at one point, those two have crossed over. Sort of.

[@krankarvolund7771]

Maybe the tomb of Cleopatra? XD

[@DavidbarZeus1]

@@krankarvolund7771 We don't have that?

[@krankarvolund7771]

@@DavidbarZeus1 No ^^ Well to be fair, we think it's just lost, because their burial site had collapsed into the sea during the middle ages. But maybe we could find it under the sea ^^

[@user-hy4xz1qt9h]

Yes 1884 1948 and 1984 are interesting too

[@AskMia411]

Never knew Egypt was conquered so much before Rome, I wonder how it affected their theology/mythology. Always learn something new from these videos!

[@fyraltari1889]

I know that Seth went from a benevolent figure to a malevolent one because he was associated with the Hittite invaders.

[@Yora21]

Egypt of Antiquity was already long past it's prime. Egypt is the only Bronze Age empire that survived the collapse, but even they never really recovered.

[@krankarvolund7771]

@@fyraltari1889 Seth made a lot of back and forth on if he was the good guy or the bad guy ^^ Like he was associated with the Hyksos, but Ramessou's dynasty was under his protection, some centuries later XD

[@Marwan-tx5nb]

The most dramatic change came with christianity. Ever since the new kingdom, Egypt has been multicultural; it accommodated everyone, but the state language, culture and religion were rarely affected. The Libyans were already commanders in the army and lived many generations in Egypt before they toppled the northern government (think of a 10th generation president being of Asian Origin, yet still is not considered fully American thousands of years later by historians). The Kushites bassically practiced Egyptian religion and culture,i.e, they actually renovated all the temples and palaces. The Assyrians (defeated the Kushites) were the worst, but again the didn't stay for long. Egypt then had around 100 years of revival, then it fell to the Persians for 10 years before Alexander. There were ALOT of Greeks in Egypt who lived and worked as mercenaries for the last 1000 years at that points. They knew how to get along, and nothing basically changed even during all these different governments, well, till Christianity.

[@michaelscott6022]

"Do you understand the Ptolemaic Dynasty?" "Nah, it's all greek to me."

[@gorvarhadgarson5227]

Ha! Good one

[@ThinWhiteAxe]

*groan*

[@mirjanbouma]

This is so bad. 😂 Well done.

[@icecoffee907]

According to legend, you can still hear the linguistic Battle of limited vowels being fought today between Ancient Egyptian, Georgian, and Itelman.

[@reillycurran8508]

Afro-Asiatic, a language family as ancient as it is wildly imbalanced towards consonant inventory.

[@YourGayOverlord]

@@reillycurran8508 then Indo-European languages just go: voweeeeelllllllssssssssss! I've used 32 just in this two sentence reply

[@yerdasellsavon9232]

@@YourGayOverlord then there's proto Indo Europe

[@YourGayOverlord]

@@yerdasellsavon9232 we don't talk about that. The vowels, they're everywhere-

[@DavidbarZeus1]

You forgot about Hebrew

[@MrCoolinschool]

A polytheistic culture being taken over by a monotheistic empire and having their religious iconography scrubbed to fit the new paradigm. Akhenaten must have been howling with laughter in the afterlife.

[@reyonXIII]

One day, Ammit, the monster that ate hearts judged unworthy by Anubis, gets himself checked by Isis, coz for some reason, he feels like something in his gut is laughing its dead ass off and he doesn't know why.

[@elfodelputoinfierno]

Akhenaten really said SIKE

[@dizzydaisy909]

Didn't what Akhenaten made eventually become Christianity?

[@pyrix9569]

@@dizzydaisy909 Yes, Akhenaten is the founder of judaism, christianity amd islam. These religions shoulde be called "atenaic" instead of "abrahamic".

[@ineedapharmists]

@@pyrix9569 sure bud

[@matthewtownsend2620]

I would love to see you talk about the ancient americas and indigenous American history, some of their civilizations are contemporary with ancient Egypt (Caral-Supe) and are being unjustly ignored by many historians.

[@tannemin6758]

If you're interested in that, Blue has put out a "City Minutes: Indigenous America", as well as two History summarized ("History Summarized: Iroquois Native Americans" and "History Summarized: The Maya, Aztec, and Inca"). As to myths, Red made videos on Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. Those are just what I found on a quick search, so there might be more. However, as OSP have stated before, there seems to be a lot less info on the ancient american civilizations due to wars and the eventual european invasion.

[@coffeewolfproductions9113]

@@tannemin6758 Yeah unfortunately colonization strikes again and the effects of it are very hard to pick out when it comes learning more about indigenous cultures and histories, though luckily not impossible.

[@semaj_5022]

@@tannemin6758 It doesn't help that writing was a lot less common in the Americas, with oral tradition being strongly interwoven through most cultures. There are a few collections of oral histories compiled into books, though. Some of the stories in those books could be incredibly old.

[@TheFlamingGamerYT]

Egypt has some neat stuff going for me, at least when I read about how the pyramids were built, and the cool designs for the architecture, as well as the hieroglyphs

[@AxxLAfriku]

I HATE people that HATE other people. The comment I respond to did not spread HATE. That is good. BUT! I get a lot of HATE comments on my amazing videos and I HATE it. Please don't start spreading HATE. Do I have to HATE you too, dear fla

[@NankitaBR]

@@AxxLAfriku I get you, but this comment being *here* was uncalled for. Now you're the one bringing hate out of nowhere.

[@jc7997aj]

@@AxxLAfriku is criticism foreign to you ?

[@signodeinterrogacion8361]

But it ain't a dome so Blue can't cover it.

[@ralek592]

@@jc7997aj it's a bot you're talking to a wall

[@leeshajoi]

Narmer stacked two crowns on top of each other to symbolize the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt... Narmer is Double King.

[@krankarvolund7771]

All pharaohs were double-kings, they even had two godesses of kingship, one for the south, one for the north XD

[@thesquishedelf1301]

_scuttles aggressively_

[@anoninunen]

Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen

[@cdaveyj]

Petition to make “Achaemenid Like A Wrecking Ball” and “Beeg Persia” the official historical titles of these time periods.

[@ThinWhiteAxe]

Yes. So much please yes

[@abbycaldwell3166]

Having recently gone over Ancient Egypt in my art history class, I love the little note with Akenaten about putting more realism in art. Earlier (and later) Egyptian art was heavily formulaic in its construction and Akhenaten really went all out in disrupting those conventions. The art depicting him has so much more character and individuality than the more idealized representations of the other pharaohs - he had some really noticeable cheekbones and wasn't afraid of being depicting with a bit of a stomach.

[@AbbeyRoadkill1]

Egypt, finally! A civilization that lasted longer than the Persian, Roman, Mongol, Spanish, and British empires combined.

[@singletona082]

Time laughs at all things. The pyramids laugh at time.

[@Yora21]

Kleopatra lived 2000 years ago. The pyramids were build 2500 years before her.

[@pewpewpandas9203]

ehhhhh, that seems like an inaccurate way of describing things. Like, yeah people lived in Egypt for quite some time, but it seems wrong to designate all the different cultures/kingdoms/governments as one civilization.

[@paulbutkovich6103]

@@pewpewpandas9203 Not to mention that it's not like the Persian, Roman, Mongol, Spanish, and British civilizations began or ended with their empires.

[@Lemuel928]

Duel monster card battles.

[@mattress2655]

I can tell blue was proud of himself for that pyramid scheme pun, and he should be

[@expansionpack4485]

"Conquered not by a man, but a God." That line is uncharacteristically metal for you, Blue.

[@sirstolas875]

Hey Blue, thought I would let you know that my professor actually really likes your work. Even watched one of your videos in our class! Keep up the good work!

[@PakBallandSami]

“And on the pedestal these words appear: 'My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!' Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.” ― Percy Bysshe Shelley,

[@Yora21]

When Rameses II can't build something for eternity, then who could ever hope to?

[@mohamedhanafy9492]

You know I agree with the message but the story kinda falls flat when you realise Ramses II temple and many of his statues are actually in great condition till this day

[@John_Weiss]

@@mohamedhanafy9492 Bingo! Although, nobody in the 1800s knew crap about even 1400 years ago, nevermind 3400! We've made quite a number of major discoveries, not only of Ancient Egypt, but even Ancient Greece and Rome as well.

[@nathaniellindner313]

@@John_Weiss There was a lot known from the Greco-Roman world at the time, thanks to preserved and recopied classical texts from Greek and Roman scholars that had been recirculating basically continuously since they were written, from Greece to the Middle East to Europe, in no particular order, and a lot of historical evidence from places such as Rome itself, which of course was an inhabited city even after its empire's collapse, and by the Renaissance was once again a city of great importance and power, as well as other maintained communities across the Mediterranean and beyond. Despite that known classical history, for a long time nobody had really much cared about the material aspects of history (therefore things like using the Coliseum and the Forum as quarries, storing ammunition in the Acropolis, etc.), but the Renaissance sparked a renewed interest in these structures as well, and eventually the rediscovery of Pompeii in the mid-18th century kicked off the fledgling field of archaeology, as well as directly inspired late 18th century classical revivalism in fashion and the arts. By the 19th century, it was becoming an established art, and a lot of knowledge was already being uncovered, but it's true that they lacked the systems and technology for discovery we have today, and we have discovered a lot since then, especially for non-European cultures such as the Egyptians. But by no means were they clueless of classical history at the time.

[@John_Weiss]

@Nathaniel Lindner Hmmm. True, true. I still wonder how much of the Ancient Greek and Roman writings preserved by the various Islamic nations were ignored by Europe. How much was left unknown and unlearned until the 19th and 20th Centuries? You sound like you know more of the details about this, so please do correct me. Over the past few decades I have heard that a lot of information and writing from Antiquity was rediscovered/restored. For example, using x-ray tomography to extract the original text from palimpsets or from damaged scrolls. Nevertheless, we have no idea just how much Shelley knew about Rameses II. We might not even know what his sources were for the Ozymandias poem. [Or maybe we do? Not something I know or have interest in looking up. 😉]

[@emeraldvalkyrja225]

Blue: "I'll take it easy for the beginning of the year." Also Blue: "I'll summarize the whole of ancient egyptian history in under 15 minutes." Props, this was really well done, and for such a huge topic, it had a nicely coherent narrative through line. Also, "Alexander, the Macedonian twink", that got a chuckle out of me. ^^

[@Great_Olaf5]

Good redo. I liked your older Egyptian videos, but they were one of the few examples on this channel where even I felt a bit underwhelmed at the earlier work. This was an excellent summary, though I hope we can get individual videos on each of the periods at some point in the future like you did with Rome, especially the Middle Kingdom. When we talk Egypt it's all pyramids in one documentary then all Ramses, Tut, or Akhenaten the next, it took ages for it to sink in to me that despite these being the pharaohs we talk about constantly, they're thousands of years separated from the pyramid builders.

[@theodoreshisler9713]

The sense of scale is interesting. Pharaonic Egypt is so old that Classical Greece, regarded by most of us as "ancient," hits near its end-point.

[@Bluecho4]

The fact that the "New Kingdom" came during the period of the Bronze Age Collapse threw me for a loop. Like, they had two whole kingdoms and tens of dynasties before we even got to Alexander the -Great- Macedonian Twink.

[@Korrupted_dust]

Ancient Egypt feels like an alternative universe…

[@sarahcoleman5269]

This whole video was done so that Blue could laugh maniacally at his own pun in the end.

[@luigiboi4244]

*Whomst whoever holds this boat, if they be worthy, shall possess the power of Egypt*

[@best_of_ant]

13:49 he's been waiting to use that pun for the entire video 😆

[@merrittanimation7721]

“Alexander the Macedonian Twink” is his best title yet

[@vojtik135]

It's kind of ridiculous when you realise Cleopatra lived closer to the Moon landing than to the building of Great Pyramids. I think it's often lost how old the Ancient Egypt actually is.

[@CartoonHero1986]

One of the most interesting things about Ancient Egypt for me is how there appears to be no distinction in their writing styles between factual and mythological historical texts from our modern perspective.

[@carlinc.christensen3478]

It's amazing that this came out so close to "Death on the Nile!" Great timing! Thank you for another amazing video Blue!!

[@1krani]

Age of Mythology music is ALWAYS worthy of a like.

[@bigbigestwiner92]

I was looking for this comment

[@oliviam1115]

so many cool things happened in years 22, I wonder what we'll find this year

[@squibble311]

a plauge im so funny and original

[@scarletbard6511]

I hope we find an Egyptian.

[@cam4636]

@@scarletbard6511 ...Just one?

[@reyonXIII]

We find evidence that the real reason they survived for so long were cards. It can't be a coincidence that Master Duel was released this year...

[@dizzydaisy909]

We found that America is about to collapse :(

[@tylercurrie6667]

I feel like not many people probably notice this but I really appreciate that you guys type out your own subtitles for the video rather than using the audio generated ones from KZbin it really is a night and day difference, the effort you guys put in means a lot.

[@adamcooper7431]

A few years ago, during my freshman year of college I was taking a class called “Ancient Egypt and Nubia” and while studying for my final I came across your old videos on Egypt, which helped immensely. Now I’m majoring in anthropology and minoring in archaeology and this is one of my favorite channels so I was really excited to see this video!

[@lorelynn2822]

The Alexander (insert various epithets) is my favorite thing and “The Macedonian Twink” is now one of my favorites of this favorite things

[@plipito2806]

I watch 14 minutes of Egyptian history for that closing Worth every second

[@pumpkinbeef2836]

It would be great if you did a History Summarized video on Nubia as a follow up, It's such an underated civilisation.

[@billywarren007]

A fantastic video (not biased) thanks for letting me help out with this one, was a great experience 😁

[@oliviam1115]

12:00 Alexander the Macedonian Twink is a way better name than simply being "the great"

[@kyledalogan]

The use of Age of Mythology background music for this video unlocked a core memory for me. Thanks!

[@Bluecho4]

Learning all of this about Egypt and its dynasties has given me loads of ideas for an Egypt-themed DnD campaign. I mean I already had an idea for a "Mummy Campaign" (the PCs are mummified and resurrected periodically to adventure throughout a mythologized version of our Earth's history, starting as tomb guardians prior to the Bronze Age Collapse and peaking as Old World Horrors in a pulp-style 1930s). But this makes me want to flesh out my own homebrew DnD setting's version of Egypt. A sort of mix of regular DnD's use of Mummy Lords, and the Tomb Kings from Warhammer Fantasy. An ancient land of a fertile river valley, surrounded by mountains and deserts littered with buried tombs. Each tomb the home of a Pharaoh (or a particularly loyal Nomarch) and their honored servants, who were granted undying existence. While some sleep (enjoying their afterlife, astral projecting through the planes, or just enjoying a dreamless rest), others are active (to varying degrees). Staging mock or actual battles with rivals, advising descendants (or, nowadays, anyone willing to visit), pursuing vendettas, studying wizardry, or playing various games with one another (board, card, or otherwise). Also, obviously, their tombs are full of treasures, traps, defenders (undead warriors, animated statues, swarms of insects, etc), and unspeakable curses. The usual. Just waiting for random adventurers/grave robbers to try to take what rightfully belongs to the (un)dead.

[@tntguardian6455]

Alexander the Great: the Macedonian Twink who died really fast...that checks out

[@jon-paulfilkins7820]

That's what you get for standing in Diogenes sun!

[@tntguardian6455]

@@jon-paulfilkins7820 If anything should be learned about Ancient Greece, it's that you don't mess with Diogenes 😂

[@rabnerd28]

"Giant D4 in the dessert" So what I hear is, Egypt invented DnD.

[@syrune]

Look up the ancient egyptian D20

[@KingofKarnies]

Aliens invented D&D, Egypt was the first DM's.

[@iantaylor9664]

They’re D5s, 4 triangles and 1 square

[@haoxinlinying5278]

Dunno what I heard is that they had a sick stone table game.

[@JennyBlaze253]

I mean, according to YuGiOh, Egypt invented card games as well. XD

[@gguyllago]

Would love to see a sequel to this video about Saladin and the mamluks and such

[@TheKingsPride]

Man, as a 40K fan it’s just so neat to hear the original context for so many references that the Necrons draw upon. Although my favorite dynasty, Ithakas, obviously draws some other references from Greek classics.

[@reillycurran8508]

Catch some recordings of the Egyptian language sometimes and you'll get where the naming convention came from too

[@sockpuppetqueen]

My main takeaway here is that it turns out the Book of the Dead, from The Mummy (1999) was real, and also, that it was essentially the Handbook for the Recently Deceased from Beetlejuice. Sure, why not.

[@theblackbaron4119]

If people can believe In worse shit and start religious wars over that. Your beliefs are just as valid :)

[@Bluecho4]

Basically yes.

[@JaelinBezel]

Doubt it was made of gold tablets

[@thomas4841]

"Giant D4s in the dessert" that's a D5, Blue.

[@gzer0x]

schrodinger's 5th side. if we cant see it its not there. ;)

[@idontknoq4813]

So glad you're remaking this. I've always loved your videos.

[@Krypt0n1an1]

The sheer amount of research that went into this video is astounding. Awesome video as always

[@RottenBen]

I wasn't paying attention to the years/timeline, so after so much had happened I was blown away when the Assyrians were mentioned, since I remembered that civilization being one of my benchmarks for "a really really long time ago."

[@eylamhoffmann5016]

when you make your map you should conect the lower and upper parts of the "dead sea" because back then it was way bigger and connected and it only got to low levels in the past 100 years

[@TaeSunWoo]

This is just the type of historical content that I needed. Thanks Blue!!

[@emmar.1008]

Thank you so much for all the Egypt videos! I’m doing an intro to Egyptian Archaeology class right now and these help me remember and make sense of the history a lot better

[@talliaconner-flores5763]

I know this is about Egypt and all, but Ra dammit, Blue. "Alexander the Macedonia Twink" broke me. Off to the Shadow Realm with you.

[@acecat2798]

Me, after hearing about the Rosetta Stone and Tut’s discovery dates: “They’d better have something groundbreaking this year, or I’m gonna be real mad.” Maybe the groundbreaking thing will be returning stolen stuff.

[@cam4636]

We can hope. There's certainly been more pressure in recent years to return stolen artifacts

[@reyonXIII]

Or finding out that cards were indeed involved

[@Bluecho4]

The last couple of years brought up that black sarcophagus, and the discovery of that big grave complex nearby to the Great Pyramids. So we can only hope.

[@domehammer]

It isn't safe to return artifacts to egypt. With how horrible the egyptain authorities treat artifacts they find.

[@Sgt.chickens]

There is absolutely no chance the rosetta stone is going anywhere near egypt untill the antoquities department stops fucking around over there. Egyptian antiquities department is a huge joke.

[@thealastair9047]

ive been meaning to try and put together egyptian history for my own studies for a while. being able to see a timescale of some of that history helps put the picture together a bit. I freakin love these videos, man.

[@xarin42]

As if the rest of the video wasn't already worth watching, that joke at the end was really the icing on the cake.

[@galaxysmp8163]

1:46 fun fact there is no evidence of a red crown of lower Egypt prior to Narmer’s unification of the Kingdom. Evidence for both crowns are solely found in upper Egypt. Lower Egypt by all accounts was a mass of disunited polities prior to narmer that the upper Egyptians conquered and then slapped one of their less popular crowns on after the fact because it made a better story.

[@witherwolf3316]

Fun fact, the ancient Egyptians had bee barges, in which manmade beehives were stacked in pyramid shapes on barges and rowed up and down the Nile to help pollinate the plants along its banks.

[@LunarBlossom-YueHua]

omg!!! everything about your history videos just hits right. Such a pleasure to listen to especially because of the way you present the information and speak in fun an engaging ways. Also mega bonus points for the Egyptian class age of mythology music in the background, you really know how to target your audience LOL

[@JimmyAgent007]

"Sol Power" pun, love it.

[@MZZenyl]

Gotta love the Age of Mythology music playing in the background.

[@mesektet5776]

It's both scary and awe-inspiring to think of what Egypt would be without Pharaoh Akhenaten and his cult of Aten.

[@John_Weiss]

And without the priesthood sucking up all power and, as a result, resources.

[@mesektet5776]

@@John_Weiss Eh, that's not Atenists, that's just purveyors of religion in general. If any thing good comes from religion it's not from anyone who cultivates power from it.

[@John_Weiss]

@@mesektet5776 I was referring to what Blue said in the video: The Priesthood of Amun was growing so powerful that they were becoming more powerful than the pharaoh . Which, as the video points out, is what Akhenaten attempted to reverse with his monotheistic cult that didn't have a massive priesthood. Actually, I wasn't so much talking about religion, but of the economics of having that many people working as and/or for such a widespread priesthood. A lot of resources get diverted to maintaining such a large ecclesiastical bureaucracy. So, my shorter reply was saying: A lot of energy got diverted away into irrelevant nonsense as a result. And the chaos that Akhenaten's reign threw into the mix just made it worse.

[@mesektet5776]

@@John_Weiss My apologies, I thought it was simple momentary on the priest-hood specifically. One of the many, many troubles a tyranny causes is the upset in policy going forward. Aten was a big sun-disk sign of how nuts a kingdom goes when your absolute but very mortal monarch declares his vision the only vision.

[@John_Weiss]

@@mesektet5776 Agreed! And no need for apologies. My 1st reply was kinda vague. I was actually rewatching when I first commented. And I'm re-rewatching now [really like this one]. Just got past the part about the 3rd Intermediary Period, where the Priesthood of Amun effectively took over for about 300 years, rendering Egypt vulnerable to the foreign takeovers that effectively ended Egyptian independence in the 7th Century BCE. Priestly-bureaucracies are always _utter crap_ at defending a country, something history shows us time and again. I always knew that Akhenaten was absolutely bugnuts, but until this video, I was unaware of just how much power the Priesthood of Amun gobbled up for themselves.

[@Kelly-ip9nf]

Thanks for this, we’re taking a test on Egyptian art this Thursday. I love all the drama Egypt went through

[@nightangelx1513]

Just picked up the great courses plus audiobook on Egypt. Can’t recommend it enough !

[@coolio3267]

I just love it when OSP makes D&D references cuz it's D&D and tbh I was actually surprised that they were in a crap guide to DMing, cuz I didn't know that they liked D&D till that video came out lol

[@The_Wise_Sage_]

Your videos are wonderful blue!❤️

[@gzer0x]

The AoM music is like a warm blanket of nostalgia

[@Vanic00]

I love your videos Blue, thank you, don't ever change.

[@dominickdambrosio783]

“Conquered not by a man, but a god” Awesome line

[@micsulli19]

It's always great when you guys use the music from Age of Mythology

[@PatOakes3116]

I need more Ancient Egypt in my feed. Excellent work!

[@hootsifer-darling]

the titles of the dates up in the corner as various conquests occur had me in stitches!

[@toaka5568]

as an egyptien this makes me happy to see how my country is evolving i think all this history classes we had in details all come back to me now i love reading and studying about history and good thing we have too much of it 5000 years of culture .art .religions all in one magic place i love egypt

[@shanedoesyoutube8001]

Wait wait wait, hang on hang on hang on If it's still evolving *WHY HASN'T IT RETURN TO ITS PRIME FROM BEFORE THE COLLAPSE???*

[@ExEBoss]

*@**13:52* ahegao *Blue* is cursed.

[@tintindetund5732]

you make listening and focusing really comical;...learning is fun with ur narroration,,,great work,,,thank u for ur creativity

[@codafett]

Fascinating stuff. I love some Egyptology in the afternoon.

[@emilybarclay8831]

‘Giant D4s in the middle of the desert’ You’re killing me, Blue

[@Hadeto_AngelRust]

Netflix: *Let's pretend we didn't see that*

[@elsbooks1363]

The little congratulatory sound effect at the words "catastrophic inbreeding" had me in stitches, truly a stroke of comedic genius

[@kairon156]

Thanks billy and OSP. as a world-builder hobbyist I enjoy learning about the history of well everywhere really.

[@PakBallandSami]

ancient egypt is such an interesting time to live in this was the time when that pyramids builts and this was the one of the first ever civilization it has such an effect own our lifes today even tho todays egypt look nothing like it old self and you blue cover is my favorite part in all of this on a side note you should cover pakistan some time man love you

[@ralek592]

Unfortunately true

[@airra_star]

I have watched the ending at least 3 time and still can't stop laughing. I hope whoever reads this has an amazing day!!

[@salem-01]

I’m doing a school project on Ancient Egypt, this is gonna help me ALOT

[@ActualVictoria]

Literally posted the day I start Egypt notes for my mythology class. *Chef's kiss*