How a Lens creates an Image.

[@primenumberbuster404]

The fact that this is the only dedicated optics channel on entire youtube is crazy.

[@davemorphling7432]

I think you're severely underestimating the knowledge, effort, and money required to produce these videos. The fact that there is a single channel with this caliber is a blessing.

[@primenumberbuster404]

@@davemorphling7432 There exists more expensive videos of amateur rocketeers in youtube. Which is infact so much more complicated but yet we have so much of that content on youtube. But for Optics in general with this level of dedication there is hardly any.

[@tokiWren]

@@primenumberbuster404 i would guess this is because there is more information regarding the mechanics of rocketry in circulation. and optics is a much less "exciting" field, somewhat like the idea of "charismatic species" in conservation

[@-r-495]

absolutely!

[@nikoy4266]

Where he said he bought something is eBay and you find out that a semiconductor magnifier checker for nanometer level😂

[@mrtoastyman07]

Peak youtube right here. Everyone take note - this is how you do educational content. So awesome. You and microcosmos inspired me to get a microscope and I've been teaching my daugter about optics - truely thank you for your hard work on these videos!

[@HuygensOptics]

The microscope is totally underrated as an instrument for physics education. Glad you use it. I'm also amazed by the scary looking monsters that are in my pond!

[@trumanhw]

@@HuygensOptics Have you ever checked out the YT channel Lemino ..? It's not physics, but it's perhaps my favorite obscure channel (not that obscure tho).

[@jhgrc]

@@HuygensOptics 3Blue1Brown channel also had interesting video about Prism, explaining what happens inside lens medium, why light slows down with wave propagation.

[@Devorse]

English is not my native language, but I studied it at school. And in addition to the excellent educational part of the video, I would like to note the clear speech of the author, understandable to non-native speakers

[@rschroev]

Interesting because the author is also not a native English speaker (he's Dutch). Maybe that helps non-native speakers to understand his English better.

[@cavesalamander6308]

@@rschroev Yes, most who have learned English as a foreign language (like me) speak a separate 'school' dialect that is taught in schools. As a result there is good understanding.

[@gregorteply9034]

Dutch accent is so good.

[@BreakingTaps]

Very, very cool demonstration! Something about seeing a physical demonstration of these principles really makes it clear, compared to simply looking at textbook illustrations. Can't wait for the ASML video too!

[@HuygensOptics]

Thanks Zach! Regarding the visit: what they do at ASML is completely insane, like the synchronized acceleration at 30G with sub-nanometer precision and making accurate projection of billions of device patterns in one go with the same precision routinely possible. I was completely blown away by all the things I was not even aware of were possible...

[@BreakingTaps]

@@HuygensOptics Wow, that's just so completely impossible sounding! What an amazing engineering accomplishment. Can't wait to watch!

[@Luis-qe8el]

Just amazing knowledge and caring, simplicity and detail that Huygens propagates to the world, totally love the idea of ASML sharing too, even if its just the optical part that they use a water plate i think, ty ty for the great content!!

[@GeoffryGifari]

Seeing that Nils Berglund's channel is credited, it strikes me just how connected the KZbin science community is. I could talk to a physics enthusiast halfway across the world and just happened to recognize the same channels

[@giovane_Diaz]

there is even a folk that did a graph analysis of his own audience and got some evidence of just how interconnected this community can be. (and how it is just a tiny table on the huge yt mall world)

[@GeoffryGifari]

@@giovane_Diaz really? do you have the link?

[@idontwantahandlethough]

@@giovane_Diaz I'm not sure I've ever heard someone refer to a singular "folk" before 😂

[@douginorlando6260]

This channel had used Nils Berglund’s animation to depict how multiple sources eventually become solid angle regions of coherent light. This explained a contradiction that puzzled me since the last century … why multiple sources at a particular wavelength bunched together physically do not all cancel each other out due to adding increasing numbers of phase shifted waves? (The randomness of phase shifts implied as number of sources increased, then every wave would have another wave approaching 180 degrees out of phase and thus cancel out). This really messed up the idea of inverse square intensity because at a distance, a light source like a star would have cancelled out all its’ photons and radiated energy would vanish! Nils demonstrated why the waves do cancel in some directions but combine in other directions so like the song in Titanic movie, the radiated energy still goes on. The total energy passing through a Gaussian shell of any radius around the star will remain constant regardless of radius

[@jorymil]

Astronomical sources are so far away from us that they essentially behave as coherent light sources due to their small solid angle. Same reason you put a slit in front of a spectrometer: you're trying to select only in-phase light.

[@user-fq7ow7yj3j]

This video is an absolute gem. You completely delivered on the promise: "if you stick around, you will not disappointed." The reminder that 'these are not simulations, they are real images collected using a microscope' was a kick in the brain. And it's not often I get to have a thought like, "Hmmm. Removing those rings decreases the information like a compression algorithm" and hear only a few minutes later, "The image looks a bit like a heavily compress JPEG image." BRAVO!

[@babysnaykes]

This is a real gem, thankyou for all your work

[@InfraredVisuals]

Awesome! The way you demonstrate the subjects in such detail is invaluable. As always, thank you for making another video. Also, congrats to Nils for making the scientific simulation.

[@computer_in_a_cave2730]

I think I just saw a fiber optic simulation by Nils - amazing - only 80 lines code _ish run on GPUs / you know the graphics card peeps. Multi modal fiber - Does Loki know about this ... hehe.

[@commander-tomalak]

Man, I have never seen anyone explain the creation of an image with a lens from a pure wave perspective, and so clearly at that. I am a working professional in integrated photonics and have a PhD in physics, and I have learned quite a bit today. Thanks!

[@aether5213]

I wonder how many physics PhDs are here in the comments!

[@dittilio]

The first few minutes really solidified some things I knew, but kept in different baskets in my brain. I used to design acoustic sensing experiments that used fibre optics strain variation (DAR), and the lensing effects of different materials as sound propagated through soil/gravel/concrete/air etc had dramatic effects on triangulating the source of the sound (small digger near a cable vs. big digger far away). Thanks so much for putting this video together, along with all the others you do.

[@DanielHeineck]

I did my coursework for my Ph.D in photonics, and your descriptions are fantastic and would have helped me a ton back then. Wonderful work! I would love to see your demonstration of how darkfield illumination/microscopy works, as, selfishly, I'd love to link the video to my coworkers :)

[@jorymil]

Absolutely! There was a picture of Kohler illumination here that made _so_ much sense!

[@doug529]

This may well be the clearest, most concise explanation video I've ever seen. It snaps together years of formal education that was presented in discreet and disparate topics. KZbin is a modern day Library of Alexandria that just happens to be filled with an inordinate amount of content about cats -- let's hope it doesn't suffer the same fate as the original.

[@TheSidyoshi]

This is one of the best videos on KZbin.

[@samk2407]

I just had a whole moment there when he said that the angle had to be bigger the smaller the spatial frequency we wanted to reproduce. That's such a simple explanation for the diffraction limit of a lens

[@catbertsis]

This dudes goes on and on just shattering my understanding of physics and does not even sweat, somebody stop him! (actually nobody stop him I want more)

[@Velocentric]

This channel (and mostly this one video) has answered, in completely understandable terms, some of my most long held questions about how light works . Thank you.

[@smith507]

Bloody hell, my entire understanding of how lenses work was wrong all along! I learnt a lot from this video, thanks!

[@71Kailee]

OMG what a fantatic demonstration of lens behaviour and diffraction limitation. Only a third of the way through the video but already it's an eye-opener and has made me finally truly understand some of the basic optical phenomena covered - even though I +thought+ I already understood them for decades. What a wonderful idea to connect up with Nils to create these superb graphics. Perfekte uitleg, beter kan het niet Jeroen!

[@anteshell]

This must be the best piece of information about how optics work I've even seen.

[@persianwhite]

The fact that I, who is dumb as a brick, can understand the presentation shows how well your content is made. Thank you, sir.

[@YSoreil]

Throughout the video I was constantly thinking "Where did I hear high NA before?" and I am so happy to see the tie in at the end of the video. It's extremely cool to see the ring lenses and their performance.

[@AnkitPatel-ih6uv]

This is one of the most fascinating videos I've watched! Connecting Fresnel lenses to fourier series and JPEG compression was quite mindblowing. Thank you so much for this great video!

[@Jay-sr8ge]

Always wondered why images get softer at the small apertures. This video explains it perfectly

[@josefhrdlicka2251]

I'm studying optics in my masters and this video still contained an experiment I've seen for the first time. Fourier optics is fascinating. I believe you have made a video on Fourier transform and how ear can perform fourier transform. So basically if I understand it right, our eye is in fact also capturing just spacial frequencies of the things we see. It all comes together:)

[@ENDESGA]

astonishing video - I wish I had this in high school. I understand optics a lot better now!

[@zorktxandnand3774]

You have a real talent for explaining complex matter in a way that makes it as easy to understand as possible. Great animation, script, and very good voice over with spot on timing. This coupled with the very practical experiments you set up make for top notch educational content. Your videos prove that education is not just stating facts, it is making knowledge understandable. Don't dumb down, but explain better! Well done sir!

[@crownlands7246]

Wonderful walk-through, amazing visualization by Berglund 🙏 Looking forward to your visit at ASML 🌞

[@nicolascloutier3199]

This second half of the video is the most practical introduction to quantum mechanics I have seen.

[@MissNorington]

Awesome! Sticking around till the end of the video was very rewarding! It actually made sense seeing the real tests 🤯

[@WolfmanDude]

I can say that I now understand the basic concept of nummerical aperture thanks to this video. I never understood how a aperture can have an effect on the image resolution, in my thinking it would only make the projected image less bright. Now I get it!

[@DougMayhew-ds3ug]

Love the format and the “live from the bench” aspect. The unexpected 70’s music was a great gag. I almost dropped my phone. That was a brilliant tour through lenses and Fourier, and your deep hobby work on the photolithography slits makes it especially fulfilling to see unfold.

[@satyris410]

I feel so lucky to have stumbled upon this KZbinr. I'm not an astronomer by any stretch, but that's where I came from - watching John Dobson making a reflector telescope from a porthole glass. I've learn so much about light already, thank you.

[@JimGriffOne]

In terms of the intro scene (how light moves through a lens), when I look at light directivity now, I always think of it as perpendicular to the "rays", because it literally is based upon the way it moves. It's so difficult to imagine it in the old way any more, once you realise it's a perturbation of a continuum (the EM field) rather than straight lines pointing out in "rays". P.S. Those animations are awesome! Big up to Nils Berglund, and also big up to you for all your excellent and informative videos!

[@AABB-px8lc]

Very satisfying explanation of NA, usually it too general and "dry", w/o motivation how it can be invented. Thanks.

[@robertwatsonbath]

Really cool, thanks Jeroen. I was aware of Fresnel zone plate antennas but never stopped to think about how they really worked.

[@DakiLund]

This perfectly explained my questions concerning "lens diffraction", thank you

[@hawkkim1974]

the visual illustration at 3:30 is just so wonderful!

[@dsllvv]

This is simply the best explanation I've ever seen. I loved the fact that you showed real experiments. Thank you!

[@48ford8n]

This, like all your videos, is fantastic, I hope you make many more because this is one of my very favorite KZbin channels to watch.

[@DiffractionLimited]

Excellent video, so interesting ! In the microscope footage, I really like how one can see slicies of the propagating light smoothly varying between an image of the aperture and an image of the object. Great work!

[@_abdul]

Just finished 3b1b's recent optics videos, This is absolutely a Treat to watch. Thanks for the amazing content.

[@larryscott3982]

The first 1/2 is really informative. I was pondering that issue for several just recently.

[@timschulz9563]

Thank you for this video! I had my personal moment of realization in university in my signals and systems lecture when we were introduced to the Fourier transform. I realized that decomposing a signal into discrete frequencies is basically the same thing a prism does.

[@modus_ponens]

Omg omg so cool!! That's like applying inverse of diffraction pattern of a hole to create the hole. With all that fourier stuff, it's like magic!

[@pixels_]

i have watched this channel for a long time, but today was a bit special -- i am in the photolithographic space and this was a wonderful illustration of the key concepts in my field. you almost have enough in this video to explain many important trends in semiconductor manufacturing for the last 20+ years in the principals covered here, which is of course where you are going in the next video! goede wetenschap :)

[@daviasdf]

As an ASML employee and long time subscriber, I am exited about that teaser :)

[@alexpyattaev]

Your videos are by far superior to all of the courses on optics I have seen so far...

[@pdorfigliodikmer1098]

Does this mean that the reason why we can image really far objects with telescope interferometry is that by having a large baseline the light can interfere with itself at a higher angle? I've been trying to understand this for ages but never found a video explaining it as easy as this. Great content indeed

[@idontwantahandlethough]

Yesterday we celebrated Thanksgiving in the U.S. I am thankful for you and your wonderful videos, hope you have a good weekend dude 🤗 !

[@larrydykes7643]

Wow that was fun! I get excited whenever I see a new post from you. THANKS!

[@iestynne]

I worked in computer graphics (which is all about light transport and image formation) for 20 years, and I have learned so much new stuff from your videos. I can't express just how good they are. Thank you so much.

[@robertbass4590]

This video condensed several weeks of the Fourier optics lab I facilitated into an excellent 20 min video. Nice work!

[@larvenfritson]

This was the most interesting thing I have watched in ages. Thanks for doing this!

[@alexanderray77]

My father Sidney Ray wrote a number of books on optics. Your videos bring back many memories of those books and of lectures doing my Photographic and Electronic Imaging Science degree. Thank you for this wonderful channel.

[@smithfamily2424]

Sidney is a legend. That book is my most valuable possession! Amazing father!

[@alexanderray77]

@@smithfamily2424thanks for the kind words. He’ll be chuffed to know it’s still useful.

[@SEThatered]

Thank you. I always was curious about this. But optics books are written so dry I couldn't make sense of it. You put it all into a very coherent narration.

[@sinecurve9999]

Thanks for the excellent lecture. I highly anticipate your upcoming video on ASML. That's a very special visit. Cheers.

[@rasherbilbo452]

More clearly done than most physics texts and lectures. Brilliant!

[@yoonsikp]

This is the most interesting and my personal favourite channel on KZbin, thank you for your content.

[@Rom2Serge]

Thank you for everything you are doing. Without any exaggeration , this is my most favorite channel on KZbin.

[@1337treats]

This video is so amazing. Thank you for the presentation of your content. It really improved my perspective on lenses and made the split light interference pattern so intuitive. I’ve been thinking about it for days. Beautiful.

[@not_just_burnt]

omg, the ASML teaser at the end was such a welcome surprise!!!

[@EpsilonZRho]

Yet another amazingly informative video, Jeroen! I don't seem to recall you ever detailing in any of your previous videos the physical mechanism for index of refraction. Many of us would probably appreciate if you touched on it in a future video. I know I would!

[@Scrogan]

Aha! That aperture explanation really snaps in place for me!

[@IslandHermit]

How timely. I was just looking yesterday to see if you had released any videos recently. Kudos to Nils for those fantastic animations, and kudos to you for such a clear and elegant explanation.

[@mmckinney]

Awesome to see the application of the wafer stepper for such a striking demonstration - great video!

[@LoadBearingSolder]

Incredibly good video. This channel has taught me more about optics and physics than any other. I make optics and modules for ASML's lithography machines, and i cant wait for your next video. Im hoping it will give me the "why" behind the different specifications and techniques i have to follow to make these parts.

[@josuelservin]

I already had most of the information about how this work, but this video finally made it all click together! What a wonderful gift, thank you so much for this amazing work.

[@costa_marco]

I believe all praise was already given, but I already liked the video, so I am commenting to boost the channel as high as possible. Thank you for your effort.

[@siberx4]

Every video you put out is a treasure, and gives me new insights into phenomenon I either had not considered before, or thought I understood better than I did.

[@MrMraza123]

Very few articles found on the internet, thank you very much you shed light exactly what I was looking for. Thank you very much.

[@rodrigoviverosphoto]

Finally I understand difraction.. thank you!!!!!!! THIS IS THE YT channel I was looking for months...

[@HuygensOptics]

Welcome!

[@ajejebrazor4936]

Delightful! Thank you so so so much. This video needs to stay in the Hall of Fame of educational resources!!!

[@EricJSmith-qe7cn]

Thank you for touching on Fresnel lenses. I own a 5 kW cine fresnel light and I could stare at the glass fresnel lens all day. I’m also fascinated with zone plate photography, so you hit a double whammy for me. I’ll be looking for more fresnel speak in your other videos, but please do more! :-)

[@AntiProtonBoy]

I love your channel. Your ability to explain optical phenomena is exceptional and is easy to follow.

[@5ty717]

This is an excellent piece on the structural side of optics. However, one piece that you did on photonics has helped me more than any other. You explained that photons have a beginning and an end without a time like middle, and in this period their behaviour is that of a wave of probability direction and displacement. Only. My understanding is this complex plane wave continues until (strongly or weakly) absorbed in phase amplitude matched matter and harmonically reverberates (usually) the absorbing electron wave, in such a way as to mimic the established bandgap behaviour of electronic transitions Hence your clear representation of wave in some basis, rather than some sort of duality of a point particle has helped my understanding of much of photonics. Thank you for this. Jeroen you have some depth of understanding.

[@James2210]

I started watching 3b1b's new video "You can't explain prisms without understanding springs" and was immediately reminded of this

[@HuygensOptics]

Me too, especially when he started talking about school education and opened up textbooks. But to be honest, his video is so next level that what I make completely pales in comparison.

[@86congtymienbac80]

​@@HuygensOptics I also just watched his video. I try to summarize the main idea. Light is essentially just waves. The speed of light is also the speed of vibrations in space. In the physical environment, light and material vibrations are synchronized in frequency => the material absorbs an amount of energy, reducing the wave amplitude. When returning to the basic oscillation, the matter re-emits a wave with a frequency identical to the synchronous frequency but with a phase delay. The combination of the secondary wave and the excitation wave is a wave of the same frequency but the phase will be shifted backwards, which also causes the light wave to slow down. Here, material ions are introduced by the author as follows from classical elasticity theory. I think it's a type of load like in electricity. It is an LC type induction circuit. However, there is a part of the energy of light that stimulates matter, causing it to vibrate and heat up at a new basic vibration level. (Can the fundamental vibrational frequency of a material be studied as a function of temperature? However, it must be noted that the basic oscillation frequency of the crystal film at the boundary must be different from inside the material. Like boundary columns in a building that bear less load than those in the middle of the house) Is it okay for me to understand the video like that? And it's interesting that, if we know the thickness of an atomic layer, can we accurately calculate the interaction time of ion - light through refractive index?

[@ebrewste]

As always, an great optics video! I also want to compliment you on the clarity of presentation of such a difficult topic. This video made me reflect on the number of things you get right: optics, presentation, scripting, voiceover, weaving a story during a technical topic, editing, physical experiment, keeping the topic accessible for different levels, etc. A lovely accomplishment!!!

[@myself248]

Thank you for this! I just learned about liquid crystal diffractive optics, and this helped me get my head around a lot of the fundamentals of how they work. (And some of the higher-order effects, even!)

[@garybatch4102]

So well done and presented in an easy to understand, practical way. Twenty two and a half minutes of optical essentials flew by.. Looking forward to the next one...

[@GregorShapiro]

I enjoy your deep dives into optics. I have been intrigued and enlightened by Nils Berglund's videos for a while now and recognized the reproductions you used here. Good job to you both!

[@aether5213]

Love, love, love your work! Two things that your video brought to mind: there's a video that talks about using the earth's atmosphere as a lens called "Turning Earth Into a Telescope | The Terrascope" (thereby using only one ring to gain resolution). Second, Canon made a couple of so called "Diffractive Optics" lenses that somewhat work on the principle outlined. There is a 400mm F4 and a 70-300mm F5.6 that I've used to good effect.

[@trumanhw]

Of course, as a layman, and bc the wide ranging fields of science involved in optics really are advanced and require a command I just don't have, following this can feel like listening to a native-spanish speaker by my beginner ears in which I'm relegated to gleaning a word here and a phrase there. Still, even with my superficial comprehension, I'm still able to appreciate the elegant principles you've described for us in such a novel and captivating manner. Thanks!

[@matze1508]

fantastic visualizations which underline the explanations very beautiful. Very excited for the next one :)

[@tjf2939]

Beautiful simulation and real-world example! It's really intuitive

[@faxezu]

Oh boy, every day a new Huygens video drops is a good one. And then also teasing a video with ASML as its topic, can't wait!

[@aerospacefuzz]

This is a superb video, especially on diffraction. Thank you!

[@lo-wokliya1267]

Brilliant, thanks for such much love and dedication and clarity

[@jontime59]

Amazing! I studied optics in college, but this was simply beautiful. Thank you.

[@spicken]

That is quite an achievement, indeed wonderful simulations. When I explain the effect of NA on resolution and depth of field having a video like this as 'further reading' is very useful. An alternative way to phrase it is that a positive lens is an exceptionally fast 2D Fourier transform i.e. a very fast computer. I'm sure you are aware of the community of pinhole camera enthusiasts. A 30 order zone plate would make a lot of people very happy.

[@SubTroppo]

Unless I have not been paying attention it has been a while, but it is worth the wait.

[@kenwallace6493]

Top notch stuff! I never fail to be impressed. Carry on, sir!

[@Nehekar1]

Thank you for your efforts here. Learning optics during my highschool with its oversimplifications made it look so unrelatable to me. Your channel offers such a deeper and more intuitiv way of showing the physics here. Thanks for that

[@g1234538]

I had just recently been wondering about this! Many visuals show the effect of a few lenses on rays of light, but that didn't make it clear to me how the aperture had the effect it did. In fact I couldn't tell why it didn't merely "crop" the image formed into a smaller circle. This explanation was brilliant! And the detail you speak about the wave nature of light and give very detailed visuals and simulations in this and your other videos makes the way the wavefronts interact far more intuitive! Looking at those other videos you go into so many interesting aspects about optics that I never thought about in a really entertaining way! Excellent!!

[@StormBurnX]

Absolutely lovely video! I was surprised that you did not go into discussion of how a pinhole camera works, because essentially that is what you were doing!

[@chalkchalkson5639]

Next time on Huygens Optics: "The wave image of light is really just a rough approximation. [...] to give you a sense of when it fails, consider this setup involving a squeezed/number state. [...] here you can see a simulation of the LIGO interferometer with a coherent state and a squeezed state, as you can see [...]" :P This is some really excellent explanations of fairly advanced physics for a general audience! I love it! Especially the practical demonstrations are amazing :)

[@vladimirsch.3015]

That content is a wonderful piece of work. Thanks.

[@nicktoombs6253]

These are beautiful simulations that lead to an intuitive understanding of the relationship between numerical aperture and spatial resolution. I cannot wait to see your visit to ASML. They are surely at the forefront of ultra-precision motion control and optical design.

[@bansci]

Did you just start a new internet flame war, jeepeg or jaypeg? It's gif all over again! Amazing insightful and humorous content again as always

[@z0nx]

Ever since I played around with creating audio/music, I was always fascinated with those spectrum visualizers. Being able to see the parts that makes up the sound in time. Absolutely love to see so many sciencey videos essentially boiling down to just waves interacting and using the FFT. From black holes to audio to camera's/lenses, one day I will have to take the time to code up some implementation of FT myself and actually try to understand it. Dankewol for these amazing videos :)

[@christiansinger2497]

Fascinating video! The effort you put in there to create such unique and informative content has my highest respect.