How do SSDs Work? | How does your Smartphone store data? | Insanely Complex Nanoscopic Structures!

Have you ever wondered how your smartphone can store countless pictures, songs, or videos? Or, have you wondered when you download a podcast to your smartphone, where does it actually get stored? In this video, we will open up your smartphone and take a look at the inside of the memory storage microchip. This same microchip is also used to store data in solid-state drives, or SSDs in your computer, in tablets, and inside flash drives. The technology is called VNAND or V-NAND, and it's incredible how engineers were able to fit such an insane amount of memory storage capacity in such a small space.
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Written, animated, and edited- Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Voice Over- Phil Lee
Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro into SSDs
2:06 - Example of Saving a Picture
4:17 - Pixel Calculations
5:19 - Single Memory Cell
7:59 - Vertical Strings and Pages
10:34 - Control Gates of VNAND
12:00 - Calculations of Example Array
13:09 - True size of an SSD microchip
14:50 - Overall chip in an SSD
16:07 - Outro
16:32 - Creator's comments
16:54 - Future Episodes
This video is part of a series that intends to thoroughly explain how SSDs, and more specifically how VNAND works. These are the episodes in the series:
1) [18min] Overview on how SSDs / VNAND / Smartphone storage works.
2) [3min] Quick/Abridged episode of the overview
3) How charge trap flash works. (details on a single memory cell)
4) How strings of memory cells work (details on a stack of memory cells)
5) How a massive array of memory cells are organized. (Terabit Cell Array Transistor, TCAT)
6) How is VNAND manufactured?
7) Possible episode on an analogy using a city & apartments to explain VNAND.
Key Branches from this video are: Microchips, CPUs, Integrated Circuits,
Erratum:
Animation built using Blender 2.82a www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro
Book References:
Aritome, Seiichi. (2015). NAND flash memory technologies. IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems. Wiley. [2nd most useful resource]
Cai, Yu et al. (2013) Threshold Voltage Distribution in MLC NAND Flash Memory: Characterization Analysis, and Modeling. 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition. IEEE.
Micheloni, Rino. Marelli, Alessia. Eshghi, Kam. (2018) Inside solid state drives (SSDs) Second edition. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Volume 37. Springer.
Micheloni, Rino. (2017) Solid-state-drives (SSDs) Modeling, Simulation tools & strategies. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Volume 58. Springer
Micheloni, Rino. Crippa, Luca. (2016) 3D flash memories. Springer. [Chapter 4- Most useful resource]
Pierret, Robert F. (1996) Semiconductor Device Fundamentals. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Prince, Betty. (2014) Vertical 3D Memory Technologies. Wiley
Internet References:
Crisp, Simon. (29/01/2018) Samsung SSD860 PRO 4TB SSD Review. Kitguru.net
www.kitguru.net/components/ss... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Mellor, Chris. (28/07/2016) QLC flash istricky stuff to make and use, so here's a primer. TheRegister.co.uk
www.theregister.co.uk/2016/07... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Samsung Website. Samsung 1TB Details and Specifications www.samsung.com
www.samsung.com/us/computing/... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Shah, Dhiram. (27/02/2019) Samsung Begins Mass Production of Frist 512 GB eUFS3.0 for Next-Generation Mobile Devices. Fareastgizmos.com
fareastgizmos.com/smartphone/... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Wikipedia contributors. "Charge Trap Flash." "Flash Memory." "Floating-gate Mosfet." "Samsung Electronics." "Solid-State drive." "Solid-state storage." "Three-dimensional integrated circuit." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May, 2020
Yoon, Alex. (15/02/2018) Understanding Memory, An inside look at different memory types and how they work. Semiengineering.com
semiengineering.com/whats-rea... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
#SSD #VNAND #Microchip

[@BranchEducation]

What are your thoughts on the creator's comments? You can find them in the English (Canada) subtitles.

[@filipesantos3259]

How about Portuguese subtitles??? I guess Brazilians would love that. K

[@sanjayr8336]

Bro, nice explanation with good CG keep it up🤩🤩

[@haploideallel]

/Edit: As for 12 hours later; the subs are there (again). = = = = = Sadly, this video does not contain any subtitles at all (not even the regular 'crappy' autoCC). Well, at least for me that seems to be the case. Watching this on the YT-website.

[@BranchEducation]

@@haploideallel I added subtitles, but I dont know what's up with them

[@haploideallel]

@@BranchEducation - I say this is youtube screwing up (again). Once in a while, most videos in my subs, won't have subtitling, where usually they would have them. Sometimes it seems (to me) like youtube just don't give a cr*p... :/

[@SomethingAbtScience]

It's not the complexity that gets me, it's the insane ability to manufacture at such a small scale, unbelievable. Far above me.

[@lemuelcericos3395]

I'm amazed how this nano size things are arranged

[@mattb6646]

Right, it's basically alien tech to me, and im a machinist. Structures this small doesn't even exist in my world.. you know, except for my electric devices

[@mattb6646]

​@@lemuelcericos3395 I just want to know how they're constructed, im sure it's all machinery but I'd still like to see them in action

[@djin812]

​@@mattb6646 using silicone and light. Lithography. The silicone is coated with a photosensitive product that changes when certain light waves are introduced.

[@bluelotus.society]

@@mattb6646 Maybe the aliens visited Taiwan (who seem to be one of the very few who know how to produce microchips)

[@MrHeavychevy86]

This makes you realize just how intelligent the people behind engineering stuff like this are.

[@razer6909]

not intelligents but hard workers

[@ArunKumar-dv8zw]

@@razer6909 both. Without creativity and intelligence, inventions are impossible no matter how hard one works. Similarly, without hard work those things are waste

[@sturmblizzard780]

1000000000000000 heads and then there´s me a 4 to 5 head xD

[@udinsyepudin5396]

@@razer6909 They're intelligent too.Too hard for make Super wuper Complex project

[@secularargument]

That’s a horribly constructed sentence.

[@nitheshpushparaj1032]

Man, give him an award for making a such wonderful and easy explanation.

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\z]x[c\]zx[c

[@barutoofficial2804]

What ? if His explanation amazes you !! Then how much amazed you would have been understanding about memory mechanism

[@ClaneEso]

Easy?

[@40mmmikemike]

This didn't just happen over night, it was a long process to get to where we are and took many great minds. It would be cool to see a documentary more into the history and evolution of this stuff. It's cool to see old physical records people used to listen to music on and the old cameras they used to take pictures physically vs digitally. I'm amazed by the online multi-player video games and virtual reality stuff blows my mind, that's what made me curious about how hard drives and the ssd work and are used. Theres so much to learn, it's hard to wrap my head around. And it all happened in a relatively short time compared to how long we've been on this earth. We have these big brains and eyes gotta use them for something.

[@martinlarrosa08]

I have always wondered what happended or what has been discovered that technology started to grow potentially in just a few decades... I mean, how engineers were able to progress so far and fast in just a couple of dacades than in 1 thousand years ?

[@riso002]

best comment ever. couldn't describe it better

[@thekorsh4230]

God gave everyone a gift whoever has this gift brings it to life.

[@imranq9241]

Better to learn the principles behind the inventions so that you can make them when you need to...otherwise there's just too much information

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.x]c[\zx][c\]

[@jjohnn9195]

The really mindblowing part: "Here's a single sheet of paper"

[@sherwinjupiter1526]

i had to pause the video at that moment to fully grasp what he said... mindblowing indeed!

[@playerscience]

Exactly what I was thinking!!! That was indeed mind blowing!!!!!

[@rayd7964]

when he was counting the cells on a block I knew it was coming but still blew my mind!

[@soyal6185]

🥴

[@severec0bra672]

How do they make it if it's smaller than paper?

[@muhammadfazlurrahman4929]

Every part of smartphone is a miracle of engineering Most people today : nah, we only care about the camera

[@nioxic77]

seems more like the companies care about having "the best" camera but in reality, people just want a decent camera - which most higher end phone has these days. I mean.. can you tell which picture is taken with which phone? Imagine having a 200 pic collage taken with the top 200 mobile phones, and you just had to guess which phone took which picture. You can't. this whole "camera race" is lame My old S7 edge took great pictures and i cant really tell based on my albums when i switched phones (i got the S9 these days - replaced S7 due to screen having "pink lines" for some reason)

[@BranchEducation]

That's true- I think this camera push is really driven from the marketing dept. And that the marketing team needs something for differentiation.

[@rhishikeshsapkal]

@@BranchEducation The Android was originally intended to be used for camera devices so can't really blame them

[@Josh-oc7ib]

It's a way for them to make you give them money. Money is want they want in the end.

[@anandkumaryadav3995]

😂😂though camera indeed too. People only cares about MP😂😂

[@Thomlinmusic]

I bought a 4TB external SSD that fits in my hand so I was curious how it's possible and how it works.. It's insane how the tech world has made it possible to store so much data it such a small place..

[@MetalApe]

Same here. Yes, it's like magic what these smart people create! Kudos. I hold it in my hand, and knowing that 2 complete Movie Projects are stored there. Despite the bad times, what a wonderful time to be alive.

[@dhavalrajput3777]

I have 10+ years of experience working with SSD firmwares, but hadn't understood SSD internals so better in such a short time. Thank you for this informative video !!!

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\z]xc[]zx\]c[

[@mihalis1010]

Lasers and lithography. @jw72jswu728uwj

[@bhavyajain638]

I feel lucky to be born in this universe, where I can get education for free. No teacher would ever be capable of explaining this way.

[@kevinbrown2568]

absolutely right bhavya 😊😊

[@FirstLast-cc6cv]

@lolli pop and watch it again today, just to be sure

[@deandownsouth]

That can't be right. I learned this along with much more detail some 40 years ago. They were called books, we carried them and had to read/study them. The professor played the role of the video with blackboard showing the concepts. And we were required to write a low level program to read/write data on disks as part of the class. Don't get me wrong, I love that there's videos and that regular users can see inside the components of a computer system.

[@dano247365]

Yes, it's monetarily free but the tech and science that makes this possible goes back 200+ years and millions of hours of effort! You are in fact fortunate to be born now and use this resource but have the perspective of history. Knowledge from KZbin videos has its limits and GOOD teachers are invaluable and unfortunately, under appreciated

[@bhavyajain638]

@@dano247365 I think the same way! Like if I ever do something extraordinary, it not just me, all the work which has done in the past contributed to the work. Nobody had done things on their own. It's a collective effort.

[@duanhaoming9279]

As a computer engineering student, I would say this video is one of the greatest instruction videos I have ever watched.

[@PKAdazGalaxiaz]

Wish we spent more time learning these things. We waste too much time on electric circuits and not enough on specific components.

[@fatboi_6976]

Dude how do you like it I want to be a computer engineer when I get older

[@duanhaoming9279]

@@fatboi_6976 Well, not bad, but it truly depends on whether you are interested in it. I'm designing GPUs at Nvidia now, and I'm really happy about it. Try to take a few CompE courses or talk to CompE professors when you get into college.

[@dabeastry4389]

@@duanhaoming9279 dream job haha can i get a free 5080

[@duanhaoming9279]

@@dabeastry4389 5080? you need to wait for a really long time. We are still working on 4090, hahahaha.

[@eh597]

I appreciate every engineer regardless of the field.

[@Bruno-dv3ym]

this is very much simplified but still shows just how complex it is, i love it

[@rajeshbabu7938]

Seriously, I don't know how 17 minutes gone ....I was deeply involved with working principles...and as usual animation it's out of the world...!!!

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you!!

[@CONTINUUM2]

Mine was aprox. 34 min. I'm losted between rows, layers and blocks.

[@BranchEducation]

@@CONTINUUM2 well I was lost in this episode for about 240 hours.

[@khaledjami3964]

Branch Education you really deserve millions of subscribers. I love your knowledge and the way of presenting it 👌👍

[@MDKakashi.]

Was it 17 minutes! OMG! May be this was the first video over 10 minutes I ever seen in youtube without skipping.

[@TheLawrence05]

I can't believe I have such level of Divine Wisdom in my pocket and all I do with it is watch Memes and complain about my life! DAMN

[@DP-ot6zf]

That's actually a compliment. When a technology is taken for granted, that means it succeeded in becoming a part of our lives.

[@TheLawrence05]

@@DP-ot6zf yea thats very true its the apiece of success when you think its normal to have such a device in your pocket to the point where you cant live without it! TRUE!

[@ivanberdichevsky5679]

Well memes can help bring the stress down from your system through laughter and joy, which in turn will make you able to be more productive, of course when not abused. And complaining about your life is the first step before actually doing something about it, and we all need a first step. So there you go, Divine Wisdom still there, untouched, within you, within your device.

[@taiwan153]

Remember Your brain 🧠 is way more advanced than any technology made by human :)

[@maxpayne69.]

Yes I too watch memes & by memes actually I mean p#rn 🤳🏼

[@anna-fleurfarnsworth104]

this is the kind of education I love to see, because without being able to independently conceptualize these very small concepts it's easy to get frustrated. I still can't say that I fully understand how this works but what a great explainer!

[@lisetteortiz4684]

I absolutely loved the creators comments, given extra important information while adding insight of how much work went into this video. Gives a greater perspective on how much work good teaching methods actually take

[@thedominantone4264]

*Dude your channel deserves to get millions of subs*

[@nioxic77]

so share his videos on your social media pages etc - thats how he'll gain subs

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! I couldn't have said it better myself.

[@thedominantone4264]

@@nioxic77 sure buddy

[@donaldklopper]

Subs will come. The intelligence with which the visuals, narration and subtitles are created is just mind-boggling, not to mention the content that's being discussed. If you build it, they will come. I'd love to see a video about how these videos are made!

[@annuzamo1586]

very few of us are interested in knowing how it works

[@sysghost]

Of all the "How SSD's work" videos out there, this is by far the best one so far. Getting into details on the right spots.

[@David-Zita]

i agree. this the best on youtube. i really like it

[@cortexauth4094]

One of very rare videos, that are not afraid of being technical. I loved it, especially comments through subtitles, adds some replaybility and also had me know more about the content. I hope I can learn more here. Being a CS student who like computer systems, and hence love to interact with lower layers, I find this very insightful

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\]zx[c\]zx[c\][

[@manoharshenoy4800]

I have no words to say how well and simplistic way you explained such complex technology. One of the greatest animations of all time.

[@Ryuzenski]

This is SO incredible. I consider myself a tech enthusiast, and knew that it was very complex, but it's truly shocking how intelligent people are; the designers of SSDs, and their predecessors, are unbelievably brilliant.

[@JonathanCandor]

It really puts into perspective how far behind the rest of humanity is we all thrive off of a technolgy that only a hand full of humans can even build from scratch. Like monkeys that enjoy macaroni and cheese but have no idea how to make it them selves.

[@williamandre2984]

That is also exactly how televisions work, or some "holographic" cubes work. And it is based on how every computer has been working these last 40 years or so

[@connorjohnson4402]

Well this is just covering V- NAND memory there's different types out there that work a bit differently but same general concept

[@Razzor012YT]

in a matter of years, someone is going to replicate a human mind with the ssd concept.

[@Brukrex]

I'm sure there is something they don't tell us.

[@purefacts01]

I can´t believe we live in a world where videos like this can be seen for free. Love this!

[@ta1708]

its actually pretty boring, seen better videos of this topic

[@Sammy-uk7pr]

why would't it be free

[@mijanurrahman4274]

feel lucky that you can see videos

[@tony_T_]

@@ta1708 I thought the video was pretty interesting. They don't just lecture and try to help you visualize, but actually put time and effort to create an interesting 3D animation that allows you to perceive the shear scale, precision, and intuitiveness of these components.

[@robertbuettner5691]

Agreed. Meanwhile, too many people pay to watch lame sports/shows. Just a few hours ago, I proceeded with signing up for KZbin Premium....because of Branch Education. And I hope that some of my payments go to Branch Education for their efforts.

[@DrVetterRepair]

I like how you demonstrate the basics of electronics "building blocks" and "duplication". Many circuits follow this standard recipe; create a circuit and duplicate it. Good job getting all of the information across in a fun visual. Funny how far we have come from the simple D-latch memory.

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\zx[c\zx[c\]

[@flamingpitchfork9168]

Teddy Tablante and team deserve a NOBEL PRIZE in Education.

[@Unknown-lw3ux]

And I still can't believe why top branded bags are more expensive than Computers.

[@taninzer1669]

ow cuz they are engineering marvel according to their buyer

[@wuxn3d]

Perception is the most critical parameter of selling consumer goods.

[@projjwalray-6341]

Because that's the price tag for stupidity my friend. ☹

[@oamost]

that comment has 69 likes. I won't press the liek button bruh

[@khurammushtaqch]

Caz the buyers don't have a resident in their upper floor

[@deceptivefacade7713]

I am a computer science student and have been learning a lot about the inside components of computers, and still this video BLEW MY MIND. the animation, the flow, the pacing, the detail explanation, PERFECT!!

[@mohamedagwa2]

True

[@masoomsanadi]

Absolutely. Video is very explanatory.

[@seetsamolapo5600]

In what module do you learn about storage?

[@peterkinskofer6881]

I love this channel. Blew my mind with the first one I watched on SSDs. The comments and captions are a great addition too. Thanks Ted.

[@niftybass]

WELL DONE! "Here's how you see it in paint/3d paint" For teaching, that answered a semi-related question that could have clouded the rest of the video for many viewers. Kudos! ...still watching...

[@thepiyushsharrma]

I DON'T HAVE WORDS TO EXPRESS MY SATISFACTION AFTER WATCHING THIS. THIS IS AMAZING. KEEP THIS GOING. LOVE FROM India .......

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! Glad you enjoyed it!

[@thepiyushsharrma]

@@BranchEducation Plz make a video on how satellite works ???

[@BranchEducation]

@@thepiyushsharrma I will. I think I'll explore communication satellites and the engineering of how a satellite phone on earth can communicate with something in space. First I gotta finish a few episodes more on SSDs/ VNAND

[@thepiyushsharrma]

I'll wait. Hats off to ur work man ....

[@originalrecipe6113]

Hey bro keep this enthusiasm up, you could be teaching other Americans cramming before finals about this.

[@Firefin]

what always gets me with all these highly intricate parts are not only the high levels of complexity that is built into them, but also the fact that someone devised a way to etch out literally nm of material in such a specific and highly accurate manner and that there's little to no mistakes on every sold product.

[@masoomsanadi]

This is really mind boggling.

[@tommyprior_]

Still don't understand how they make that? Little people or regular sized people?

[@mahmudurrashid9035]

@@tommyprior_ Machines

[@tommyprior_]

@@mahmudurrashid9035 yeah no shit.

[@chrismaki5456]

@@tommyprior_ little people

[@royAbir_]

Thank you for describing the vast complexity of a memory chip in excellent presentations with great details!

[@benjamindains6906]

I just wanted to say to anyone learning this stuff for the first time, Branch Education is amazing! I would have probably saved years of trying to understand things in IT if I could have watched these videos back in 2010. If you’re a developer, take the time to understand these concepts it will make the code you write much more efficient because you’ll fully understand what type of process you should use in your software because of how it gets translated back into a physical reality. I play a lot of video games and growing up people would say why don’t you go play something real and not made up, and now I am proud to tell them, somewhere whether in the cloud or locally, video games ARE real because the electrons that power, update, and save data are real too. 😊

[@NortheastGamer]

I totally forgot this was a free video that the creator made just to educate whoever comes across it. Very good production value and the information is given at a level which is both accessible to those with little to no understanding of technology while still being informative to those who are technical but have no experience with this particular technology. Massive kudos!

[@masoomsanadi]

Absolutely. Video is very explanatory. That too, free.

[@wpdoyle]

Yes! I was thinking the exact same thing. The visuals are off the charts and seem like something you'd see on NOVA. Incredible work.

[@moritzfriedrich]

Love your little disclaimer: "No aliens were involved in the development of this technology."

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! I don't search for conspiracy theories, or care much for them- but I bet there's one that says microchip technology was given to us by aliens.

[@Nikkk6969]

@Magister700, @Branch Education: I wouldn’t be the slightest surprised if most of this technology was recovered from aliens.

[@deoxal7947]

@@Nikkk6969 I mean it's extremely difficult to reverse engineer modern SOCs. I don't see how anyone could reverse engineer a chip likely more complex than the ones we have today. The Field Effect Transistor was proposed in 1926 and there was a long history of research into electricity before that. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor And if a probe crashed on Earth that would mean a lot more should be finding us because of how large space is and how far apart planets are. There would need to be many populated planets out there sending out probes in many directions. It will take Voyager millenia before it finds a planet.

[@anandsuralkar2947]

Lol

[@Sian-Studios]

What we don't have a knowledge about isn't mean it is not! We may have limited knowledge about who developed this technology. Who knows what's true.

[@cyberspell337]

I am extremely glad to find this channel. How the team have covered everything in an understanding way. THANK YOU!!

[@NathanNGM]

The info graphics were AMAZING! Great job with this video and thank you for taking the time to educate us!

[@shivamthacker3126]

The explanation and animation is fascinating. It covers everything. It shows how the technology is growing day by day.

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! I appreciate it. It is indeed growing incredibly fast. It’s just insane how quickly companies can turn around new designs of SoCs and other microchips.

[@evertonporter7887]

Fascinating indeed! I'll need to watch this again...and I'll be subscribing😃.

[@Daddy-dh4lf]

@@caprisong Except for a few subjects but that's gonna change soon with the help of vr.

[@shiroviper]

@@BranchEducation ❤️

[@KigerFry]

@@BranchEducation ¹1

[@stalionstanley4656]

Now i appreciate my phone more than ever , it's enginering art

[@BranchEducation]

There's a surprising amount of art related skills. Designing PCBs are pretty much a massive multi layer connect the dots, I've done it, and made little pictographs in the corner of my PCBs for fun.

[@sakunalt3500]

Branch Education wow 😳

[@naqashhaider3469]

The creation of these miraculous things with such precision is simply godly.

[@MrGamecatCanaveral]

Wow!!! I love how you showed us a small example then totally blew my mind. These drives are insane.

[@snaplash]

In my early days of fixing computers, I worked on disk drives that weighed 700lbs each, stored 80 megabytes, and required 3-phase AC power. Now, I have a micro SD card that stores as much data as 3200 of those drives, with far faster access time.

[@YISTECH]

incredible isn’t it?

[@Abc-qk1xt]

U remember that a small error in a modern computer can trigger another world war and finish everything...

[@roboj05]

The future is now, old man

[@dariepearjuicy1356]

So awesome!

[@andrewsneacker1256]

@@Abc-qk1xt what? U clearly dont know shit about computers xDD

[@mkrz9032]

my girlfriends memory is even more complicated like she remembered events that didn't happened, with full details 8 years ago.

[@dragonite5315]

She can see trough the past.. Future and other universes at the same time.

[@orazmyratrejepgeldiyev1478]

😂😂😂

[@nazminurazis2157]

@@dragonite5315 yeah and without electricity

[@dragonite5315]

@@nazminurazis2157 I forgot 😉thx

[@coltonaallen]

She can't remember what you ate for dinner last night, but she'll never forget that one rude remark you made that one time 6 years ago...

[@folktalesmyanmar8317]

I graduated from engineering university but I did never fully understand how these memory cells work . Watching your video for 18 min enlightenmented my whole life

[@jithendravs]

This is the kind of video that made youtube what it is today but sadly these are no longer promoted by youtube as well as it should be. Kudos to the awesome team for making this !

[@viktork3390]

First english speaking human on youtube who speaks out every word perfectly!

[@chadw8272]

technically no. he was not saying the numbers correctly. one hundred an nineteen is not correct

[@ethanchiasson]

@@chadw8272 shut up Chad

[@NautilusGuitars]

There's no "perfect" way of speaking. Pronunciation varies and language evolves over time due to this. This is the first thing you learn in linguistics. There is no "right" or "wrong" way to pronounce words, within reason. Spelling, on the other hand, has no variability.

[@phoenixita6108]

Bella

[@blopp6240]

@@ethanchiasson that was heavy burn haha

[@jcb3883]

Mind blown. This is amazing! Now I'm curious how they manufacture the chips.

[@Juancmanzanares]

That’s exactly what I was thinking. Wow... wow...

[@Juancmanzanares]

And how long for the machine to build one of this. Wow

[@Juancmanzanares]

And now think how much they cost..

[@anubs1786]

don't ask this question my guy, your mind would explode 😬😬💀

[@CWRobinsonMusic]

Microscopic for sure. Probably smaller. Crazy.

[@Matthew_080]

A quick video simply explaining the complexity of SSDs. Thank you for your big work:)

[@agelualofa]

Brother you are the king in our hearts. Amazing video that explains in graphic information that we all need to know and understand. I’m a fan of your work. Love it all

[@Emmishown]

I'm an engineering student Finally you're the only person who given me the answer of this mystery . You have worked hard for spreading your knowledge. I'll tell my friends to subscribe your channel

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks you for spreading the word!!

[@marcse7en]

Student of engineering, but NOT spelling! It's a "Mystery" how you became an engineering student ? 😂😂😂

[@mohammadhaseeb7392]

@@marcse7en Mistry in Hindi means mechanic and engineers r mechanics. Lol

[@mybeautifulcat7011]

@@mohammadhaseeb7392 abey yaar hasa diya yar tumney, kaay mistri ko bulaiyo, hamoro ko kachu na ato 😂😂😂😂 bundelkhandi

[@francescobasile8933]

@@marcse7en actually studying engineering removes any language knowledge you have ever had before, you just de-learn how to speak

[@taka4059]

This was a 17 min video, but when it was over, I felt like just 7-8 minutes had passed.

[@shubhamsumit9161]

same

[@gloomedits8434]

wtf didn't even realize it was 17minutes lmao

[@danielpalasti8507]

That means you enjoyed the video. If it was boring. Time will go by slower.

[@bishaldaa5548]

Same bro

[@dunningkruger5823]

Wow...

[@AbdulRazzaqDM]

wonderful information with clear voice with a professional speaker... very easy to understand a whole chemistry

[@Raintiger88]

Wow. . this was the absolute best video on this subject I've seen. Thank you all for your hard work!

[@tibork3845]

An additional thing to this video is I read an article about SSD drives that said the controller also keep track of how many times a cell has been used because the number of times a cell can be used is limited compared to traditional hard drives. The controller actually locates the least used cells in memory and that's where it saves information, in other words a file could be all over the place bit by bit instead of stored sequentially.

[@cat-.-]

If every bit of complexity is written down and documented, which I'm sure it is, the resulting amount paper would probably crush me if I got under it

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.zc\x]c]\z[x

[@jgould30]

The controller in a HDD does similar things. Your data in the HDD isn't stored sequentially in most cases as well. But sequentially writes (and reads) are faster and therefore preferred when possible.

[@tibork3845]

@@jgould30 Yes, correct, so back in the days we used these programs that would rearrange the files they are stored sequentially because with a mechanical read/write head it improved the speed of reading files and also prolonged the life of the drive.

[@ronaldgarrison8478]

Yes. This is commonly called wear leveling, and it's very important for flash memory cells.

[@miguelalvesmacedo]

There is no way this could be explained more clearly, I appreciate this masterpiece! ❤

[@tomato4300]

Ikr

[@user-zy6vz2mr7y]

this video deserves more likes! this is some real interesting stuff!

[@richmonkey92]

If there ever were KZbin awards, this channel will definitely get nominated.

[@vinicus508]

Understanding how this kind of stuff works while watching it on my phone made me lock the screen and literally just stare at it and imagine how incredible it is that there is this much technology in such a tiny device

[@ecstaticpenguin768]

Seriously dude!!! Absolutely mind boggling.

[@user-pq7xk1hy1y]

I usually don't write comments. But man, your explaining is so concise and clear, that I can follow along seamlessly. The solid state drive technology is absolutely mind-blowing and so incredibly fast.

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.z]x[c]\[xz\]c

[@SisiraJayawardena]

These videos are real wisdom. Priceless! Thank you!

[@rivbir786]

Great video, thank you so much for your hard and detailed work.

[@Marv3Lthe1]

Thousands of scientists and engineers worked there asses off so that we can store bytes of memes in these things.

[@DongLick]

whole internet was invented only for sharing cats images, thats ok

[@Risk-on1]

@@DongLick thanks Al Gore!

[@pareshpatil1986]

Lol..

[@Manetty6]

And for that work, you (people) pay their wages so they van afford their life plus a meal at McDonald's. So no complain and no regrets, you paid for your memes.

[@herrbonk3635]

@@DongLick Internet was designed for the military, by universities. But I guess you were sarcastic.

[@BitBert]

Bravo! As a retired electronics tech, I appreciate discovering these technologies that did not exist when I was studying electronics in 1978!!!

[@herrbonk3635]

Technology is a very broad concept. The technologies existed. CMOS was invented in the 1960s. Nand Flash memory is a direct development of EPROM. And so on. Basic manufacturing principles also remains pretty much the same. (One example of this continuity: Large parts of the industry switched from metal gates to self aligned gates made out of polycrystalline silicon in the late 1960s, but went back again to metals (cu or al) around year 2000, for better performance in CPUs.) But, sure, the "constant" shrinking (until now!) of transistors has made manufacturing and processing techniques much more elaborate and expensive since 1978.

[@jamirkuhn5206]

You guys didn't experienced on your time but take note all improvements currently are just and ideas in your time, and still they are using bit. in short they can't skip inventing from 1970's directly to 2020

[@mgabrielle2343]

You are not alone mate, I designed a product that first used 1K memory, it was soon replaced by a 4K static ram, then they stopped making those as technology moved on so fast, I had to change my pcb layout to accomodate bigger chip , then that became obsolete and had to use a 16K chip with 15K going to waste, only 1 K being used, so these have become obsolete now for quite some time, over a decade ago, but you can still buy some old stock, so now no one bothers with 128K, or 256K and all of these are now becoming defunct replaced with serial memories, of mega and giga bits!

[@herrbonk3635]

@@mgabrielle2343 Hmm... Perhaps in the 1970s. But things have been pretty stable since the mid 1980s. You can still buy static RAMs as small as 8Kx8 (i.e. brand new, no old stock). The ubiquitous 32Kx8 SRAM (62c256 an similar) are still considered a standard component, with several different manufacturers over the world.

[@sarmientovlog1387]

Wow!this is very helpful to me from basic,you fed me more than I expected thank you.continue watching.

[@raavanan17]

You make me sense that how much the nano technology is important. Finally i got the answer for the queries about memory storage. Thanks a lot❤

[@jobayer-hosen]

It's just mind-blowing . An entire galaxy of bits in this tiny piece of silicon.

[@ventilate4267]

And Samsung makes quite a lot of these so I guess you could call it the Samsung Galaxy ;)

[@vedantmahajan9634]

@@ventilate4267 😂😂

[@kamisama9715]

Sometimes I forget that we are living in the future.

[@RAVISDAS_MUSIC]

Truth

[@bencekiss4693]

Actually we aren’t This is now.

[@mikakorhonen5715]

@@bencekiss4693 You should read some Theory of Special Relativity published by unknown patent clerk.

[@maulikshah28]

@@mikakorhonen5715 you mean Albert Einstein right

[@mikakorhonen5715]

@@maulikshah28 You know him?!?!? :)

[@jeffersonnguechoum3590]

I can't imagine all the time that went in those unbelievably helpful illustration ... omg you guys ore doing a great job thank you very much

[@dshorts9604]

Just one word for this video and that is 'outstanding' dude , how deeply you have explained that is marvelous ❤❤

[@-heroes4041]

KZbin: "u want to know How SSD'S work?" Me: "yeah, why not!" . . . Edit: thx for the likes 🔥❤️

[@Omprakash-fd2pc]

Then get a sad feeling of dumbness

[@-heroes4041]

@@Omprakash-fd2pc yeah absolutely lol

[@aeebeecee3737]

same here, and this video is amazing

[@-heroes4041]

@@aeebeecee3737 Definitely ^^

[@aeebeecee3737]

😊ابطال - Heroes

[@hamizaniphonexs3220]

As former Process Engineer in the memory semiconductors, I experienced the transition from 64GB to 1TB of SSD within a year.

[@chaoticmasterpiece]

Moore's Law, baby.

[@dcmk4683]

as a consumer i can say "same"

[@arrashisatyadi7010]

So how tf u make that super tiny electron stuff wth men i cant imagine that

[@herrbonk3635]

@@chaoticmasterpiece That old Moores law does not really hold anymore. Physical limits in scaling are reached for most kinds of chips. But NAND Flash (used in SSD) are built in multiple layers. So that's why they can continue to develop without even shrinking the transistors any more. Processors get far to hot for that method. Many other types of chips do as well.

[@vibaj16]

@@herrbonk3635 they'll get smaller until quantum tunneling is a problem

[@michih2866]

Absolutely great way of explaining everything in detail. I think even my mom would understand it this way

[@DrymouthCWW]

Instant subscription. I'm very ADD and the visual animated element was extremely helpful. As was the calm voice and music.

[@SamuelTanMusic]

This is the first time I appreciate the multiple ads in a video, it helped my brain to catch up what's been said. Superb narration! Didn't realize 17min has passed so quickly. 👍

[@Sciguy95]

I would love a video on how they manufacture the memory cells

[@AaronSchwarz42]

Using photolithography, layer by layer with harsh strange chemicals & very expensive highly specialized tools in building that cost billions with high operating costs that run 24/7

[@AaronSchwarz42]

Very very pure water & clean stable electricity are two of the key ingredients + acids & precision polymers & robots & automation of the most precise type for high volume high throughput // to make billions of chips

[@thetreasonseason]

nations of working class ants

[@anuragj8025]

@@AaronSchwarz42 Thanks for that!

[@ouch9402]

@@AaronSchwarz42 damn thats is so so so complex, thanks for the info

[@deathorliberty66]

First, you're an amazing human and thank you. Second, the comments are perfect for the second time watching. I would have to pause if it was the first. But the idea of watching it twice with English Canada closed captions on is genius. Thank you again.🎉

[@SJY11]

Hello Mr Tablante! I just want to say that I loved the creators comments!! Along with the benefit of getting tiny glimpses of the enormous amount of work that has been put into this video, you also cleared up many other questions I had related to SSDs as well! I also found the comments hilarious at times XD Please continue to add them, if it's not too much trouble :) Thank you for the amazing video. The amount of thought that has been put into every millisecond of this video is mind-blowing. Liked, commented, subscribed, and shared! Now, I'll be binge-watching all the other videos :D

[@jimturning8392]

I was searching for this from past 6 years finally you made a simple 3D anime to explain Now i can die peacefully

[@BranchEducation]

Much appreciated! Tho wait till I make my series on microchips and CPUs!

[@juliuskalumba8435]

He shud hold on one last time

[@PauloAlexoliveira]

@@BranchEducation ok subbed

[@pinkipromise]

wait till you see season 2

[@DragonBlueSpirit]

I'm an engineer and jesus.. I could never imagine me and a team of another 50 engineers come up with this complex solution 😂

[@BranchEducation]

Yeah! I was an engineer for a long time, and I always felt I did so little- I would design just a number of cable harnesses and mechanisms, and it would take me half a year to a year to fully finalize it.

[@tr_slimey6811]

Jesus himself is an engineer and can't imagine creating an SSD. Damn.

[@yosyp5905]

you're and engineer AND Jesus? Can you tell me how you walked on water? It'd be a real convenience!

[@likhith-lexus]

You're Jesus?

[@akinoz]

Likhith Lexus no he is not

[@mohamedehab1954]

Aside from being impressed by the complexity behind everyday stuff that we use without knowing how it was really made , I'm super impressed with the work that the guys behind this channel do , you are just as brilliant as these technologies that you simplify for us 💕. Very Huge THANK YOU from the bottom of my heart 🌹

[@TechChannel-ho4xn]

Wow!!!! Thank you Sir for such a simple and elegant explanation! Massive respect to the effort you put in

[@akashroy1832]

I can't even imagine what's going on in the palm of my hand every single second......thanks your video opened my eyes😀

[@David-ls4qp]

Truly fascinating

[@daddy677]

Same

[@esakppp6013]

Still we complaining hanging..data speed slow 😂

[@scottrobinson4611]

This is an amazing visual explanation. I worked in flash-based data recovery for 2 years. I was familiar with the logical structures and relative sizes of pages, blocks and banks (the 8 stacks of chips inside the physical package), but I could never visualise them physically before watching this video. At least not the internal structure of the blocks. I have seen many X-rays of VNAND, and your depiction of the 8 staggered banks top of each other, with the rows of copper wire bonds between them was 100% accurate. I think I’d love to see your take on how flash controllers work, how they translate coherent binary from say an ascii text file, to the heavily obscured mess that actually gets written to the NAND. If your file is made up of the binary ‘1010 1010’, that is not the sequence that gets stored physically, Contiguous logical data like that ‘1010 1010’ sequence will first get split up and scrambled with a XOR pattern, than turns it in to effectively ‘random’ data. It then gets split across different pages, belonging to different blocks on different banks. This is called the “flash translation layer”, effectively the layer of logic that converts logical data storage to physical data storage. All this is done so that any given file is stored in as many separate pages as possible. You can only access one page per block at a time, so it would be slow to have to wait for every page to be read sequentially if your whole file is stored in one block. Instead, if you split a single file across many blocks and many banks, you can read multiple pages of that file simultaneously, speeding up the read and write processes. This method of parallelising data access is why solid state drives have become so fast. Instead of having one person read a 100-page book page-by-page, you split the book up in to 100 separate pages, and have 100 people read a page simultaneously. Once they’ve each read a page, it’s quicker to rearrange them in to the order of the pages they read, than it would have been to wait for one person to read all 100 pages.

[@addyarmstrong5946]

Wow, your comment made me a bit more intelligent 🙏🏼😂

[@gabomarquez2720]

Too long didnt read+bozo+didntasked+youfelloff+staymad+fatherless+yourmomgay

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\z]xc[\]zx[c]\

[@EmreArguden]

Thanks for the content and hard work behind it. Also It's very helpful to make bit/pixel calculations. Subtitle comments in the video are amazing. It was weird to have to stop the video in the beginning but it became fun to follow.

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.\z]xc[]zx[c\]

[@maroofrahil7697]

A deep respect to the creator of this video for the knowledge and cristal clear details. We barely find any free video this informative so hats off to the team. Thank you so much.

[@enriqueamaya3883]

Follow Jesus and you will not be ashamed.z]x[c]zx\]c[\]

[@fanjenyieng]

As an nand flash controller engineer, this is the most clearly video description about nand flash’s structure I’ve ever seen ... that’s an amazing job! Thanks for sharing.

[@Justin-uc8sc]

Weird thing to lie about

[@petermainwaringsx]

The more I watch this video the more impossible the technology looks. I just keep shaking my head in incredulity. Fantastic video thanks for your efforts.

[@Xidentals]

Absolutely excellent documentation and lesson👍

[@sachinym]

Salute to the engineers who made this tech soo remarkable and smaller..

[@rothpichkhemara1954]

Salute

[@anishsharma6702]

Salute and respect to thee

[@jimmyzhao2673]

Reverse engineered from alien technology at area 51. The aliens had 4 fingers on each hand, hence that's why all our tech is based on 8 bits.

[@lordspongebobofhousesquare1616]

@@jimmyzhao2673 then how come all my alien friends only have 3 fingers?

[@randomorange6807]

How do they make stuff this small btw

[@parashkathoute6953]

Finally! youtube got me a worthy recommendation.

[@priyansshraj]

me too..

[@prasheelrathod2484]

Very well explained..... Amazing animation..... This is the best anyone can get on KZbin

[@diesel42069]

Brooo these videos are so under-rated man... That's so cool to see too! Keep it up guys and thank you for all that!

[@saneel1988]

Awesome video! I am a VLSI engineer who worked on LPDDR3/LPDDR4 and memory controllers myself, I can say this is really a great way to introduce a memory chip !😄

[@tgmtf5963]

Holy mother of animators!

[@brianlynnthomas9881]

Great stuff, so very well explained.

[@constellacion]

Claro que lo veré por segunda y tercera vez ! Muchas gracias.😀Of course I will see it for the second and third time! Thank you very much!

[@leonlao744]

I can't imagine how much time you spent on making this elaborate animation

[@nalzazlan]

Imagine if a person from the 70s watched this. Probably think we stole this tech from aliens lol

[@BranchEducation]

No kidding! Imagine if someone from the 1870s watched this.

[@satorugojou7045]

Ahahhaa so funny xDDD

[@naufaladitya217]

I mean it's insane how technology has developed rapidly

[@chhavimanichoubey9437]

@@BranchEducation this is vodoo and illegal 😅😂😂

[@josemarivictorsilayan9167]

@@BranchEducation a lot of people in the tech industry would be labeled "witches" and burned to death xD

[@Ukgloryraine]

Неймовірно, я в захваті. Ви дуже гарно пояснюєте простою мовою. Така детальність, без поглиблення в складну фізику. Браво!

[@jackbuff_I]

Absolutely fascinating! The knowhow and intellectual capacity of the geniuses that created this magic is completely mind blowing. And I know that they'll never hear my gratitude but I wanna say thanks all the same.