How Bad Was The Great Oxidation Event?

Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Art by Khail Kupsky
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
If you like our videos, check out Leila's youtube channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist.
References:
www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/2015...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
sci-hub.do/10.1126/science.16...
• That Time Oxygen Almos...
www.michigan.gov/documents/de...
courses.lumenlearning.com/bou...
sci-hub.do/10.2475/ajs.s4-23....
www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
books.google.co.uk/books?id=H...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelve...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c...
Image Credits (in order of appearance):
Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc., CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
By James St. John - Jaspilite banded iron formation (Soudan Iron-Formation, Neoarchean, ~2.69 Ga; Stuntz Bay Road outcrop, Soudan Underground State Park, Soudan, Minnesota, USA) 53, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By James St. John - Jaspilite banded iron formation (Soudan Iron-Formation, Neoarchean, ~2.69 Ga; Stuntz Bay Road outcrop, Soudan Underground State Park, Soudan, Minnesota, USA) 53, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
By Yanenming - Own work, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Bäras - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By McGhiever - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Zosma - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By John Sweeney - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Abrget47j - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Mhsheikholeslami - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By James St. John - Tillite (Coleman Member, Gowganda Formation, Paleoproterozoic, ~2.3 Ga; Straight Lake West roadcut, north of Temagami, Ontario, Canada) 10, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
By Oleg Kuznetsov - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Life restoration of Mimoperadectes. By Jorge González - Horovitz I, Martin T, Bloch J, Ladevèze S, Kurz C, et al. (2009) Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of Opossums. PLoS ONE 4(12): e8278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008278.g006, CC BY 2.5, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

Hello all! Hope you are enjoying the video. Quick correction - the image of frozen Earth does indeed hide the shape of North America. Oversight on my part. Obviously wouldn´t have been under there back then! Apologies.

[@daveanderson718]

This video starts out very good, but then ends abruptly. you want us to believe in the evil snowman that killed the earth?? then why don't you tell us how he was killed, as if you are not blind, but look out the window, he hasn't been seen for billions of years. Or is this video just a blathering cartoon?

[@wenkeli1409]

@@daveanderson718 dude, what?

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

Your comment starts out very good...

[@sallytomata1]

I was just preparing to comment on the point in the video at 24 minutes that shows the current outline of eastern North America that would have been erroneous to the period in discussion. Glad to see your comment, but wondering about your editing process.

[@MrMAC8964]

Its a frozen planet people !!! I can see gilligan and the skipper there if i look close . Do you realize you should be listening more and looking at the pictures less. lmfaro Its all "the deep state" fault , that put monsters under your bed .... and nuts in your education.

[@johnmcnulty4425]

It takes a masterful narrator to make one feel empathy for anaerobic bacteria and cast oxygen as a villain. Well done, Sir!

[@johngreenwood1610]

Dont worry Bill Gates wants to depopulate the Earth and that means you and me and right now that process has begun!

[@aljohnson3717]

@@johngreenwood1610 Bill Gates is so eager to save the Humankind, that he’s ready to have each individual human being to be wiped from the face of the Earth.

[@aljohnson3717]

@Michael Hawaiianstyle I will identify myself as an ash tray

[@aljohnson3717]

@Michael Hawaiianstyle don’t forget about yellow labs and panda cubs. The rest can go to hell

[@bradhirsch4845]

lol

[@daveslow84]

To all the microbes that died during the great oxidation event... Rust in peace 😔

[@anonygent]

Angry upvote. Have it and get out.

[@alanhonlunli]

Pour one out for the microbes that didn't make it.

[@tiddy671]

@@anonygent it’s called a like, this isn’t reddit

[@anonygent]

@@tiddy671 It's called a joke. This isn't Facebook. 😏

[@aggebojkalos6518]

Too soon.

[@fordxbgtfalcon]

The person responsible for this masterpiece is extremely talented. Better than what’s on Discovery for sure.

[@JohnG-xu8uk]

discovery channel used to be good when i was a kid in the 90s. but now it is what it is just like more other things that are what they seem to be, utter crap

[@yaqbulyakkerbat4190]

To be fair that's a low bar

[@robertstack2144]

I think it's god, a George Burns from ,........Great Britain or Less than Great Lesser America

[@TheJoshuamooney]

Yes. Discovery was a good idea that was quickly turned into a needed money maker by the bottom-line people. Pre-internet/KZbin/ etc. that was sadly predictable.

[@robertstack2144]

So you are sure it was a person? A god person?

[@keesdevreugd9177]

Most of this I've read or heard before, but the realization how fragile life really is, shocks me every time. We're living on an unimaginable graveyard of billions of wiped out species. Think about that.

[@KayAteChef]

Imagine if something evolved a new metabolism and dumped poison in the atmosphere and we all perished within a decade with no way to economically fix the issue.

[@needlesandsonics5819]

@@KayAteCheflife will still go on with or without us. We aren’t anything special.

[@KayAteChef]

@@needlesandsonics5819 We are the only thing capable of caring. You are right of course but your argument is best made from the perspective of something that is already dead.

[@blucat4]

Not quite billions of species, certainly more than that in numbers of individuals, but not species.

[@gloxxxkky6667]

⁠@@blucat4billions of species def existed thorough the earth’s history

[@gregbors8364]

I used to know a lot about the Great Oxidation Event, but my memory is a little rusty

[@kingofthecatnap6246]

Same here. My memory has been bad for as long as I can remember.

[@transamgal9]

😆 🤣 😂

[@davidcoffman9326]

Dad joke

[@Never2old.]

I see what you did there 😆

[@Misses-Hippy]

Lol!

[@danaoconnor9523]

thoughts and prayers go out to the families of the bacteria that were rusted to death

[@shramo]

F

[@briannawarren4174]

Um, aren't we the descendants of those families?

[@Calamity_Jack]

RIP - Rust In Peace.

[@eppurse]

That's the spooky thing about evolution- the tremendous amount of death required

[@randyralls9658]

@@eppurse it is the spooky thing about life

[@woodyforest2100]

What a great series! We are in the era when online content is more interesting than stale television. Great job!

[@blucat4]

Wow I figured that out 30 years ago. Welcome. 🙂

[@TheDragonCat99]

"Ha ha! Stupid bacteria... imagine poisoning your own atmosphere out of greed and killing everyone including yourselves because of short sightedness! Sure glad we have brains to prevent that..."

[@h14hc124]

Exactly. The *planet* will survive whatever we humans throw at it. But whether we leave it habitable for the life that currently lives on it, is another matter entirely.

[@sheldontucker4287]

FAH. Funny as He..l

[@dansmaaslet6623]

Your related to the survivors

[@twothreebravo]

As a person who likes oxygen, I don't think it was a bad thing at all.

[@evertonporter7887]

Yet our bodies are made to function in an oxidising environment.

[@chancethompson8686]

Strange fact, oxygen is the most carcinogenic substance on the planet..

[@oo-uu9ez]

One thin that might' ve happen is that you would get oxygen toxicity.Luckily we could just get something to counteract it (like a breathing apparatus) to return it to normal levels.

[@galenjones9529]

@@oo-uu9ez can't forget about the increased ignition point.

[@galenjones9529]

Ironic fact: Oxygen, which we need to survive, also causes us to age further than peak performance aka: decay genetically. Getting old is a disease.

[@williamreely3455]

Humans: We are the most disruptive species ever. Cyanobacteria: Hold my carbon dioxide.

[@mnichols1979]

Humans are just getting warmed up.

[@Pfhorrest]

What if what we're doing to the planet now is comparable to this? We'll wipe most of ourselves out, over and over again in cycles, until some of us learn how to survive our own waste products... but then we'll be free to waste the rest of the life on the planet, and only the tiny fraction of life that can survive that newly transformed world will go on to populate it in the distant future.

[@krunchy8118]

@@Pfhorrest Its not though. It's not comparable. Humans are not effecting climate to the level of causing extinction events or ice ages. The earth goes through cycles mostly driven by our own star. Our magnetosphere is weakening more than ever and all it takes is the right CME to create another Carrington Event. No electricity for some years after that. Also we are on the cusp of our stars cyclical micro nova event. This is real mass extinction. Imagine hot pieces of ejected plasma from the sun impacting around the world and much much more. Do you think Bezos is flying to space for fun? Elites know what is coming.

[@mattiOTX]

@@mnichols1979 well played.

[@NettiGaming]

Comment of the year.

[@ripwednesdayadams]

It’s amazing what humans have been able to learn and accomplish in a very short period of time. I’m always blown away by the fact that the earth has lived billions of different “lives”.

[@blucat4]

Hardly billions, maybe dozens.

[@bakielh229]

don't be delusional, we have no idea by looking at a piece of dirt that it's billions of years old. That's silly

[@Dneptun4o]

Carbon dating has left the chat​@@bakielh229

[@egay86292]

primates are the goat!

[@BlueInOrangeAgain]

@@bakielh229it’s silly to think that looking at a piece of dirt is how we know the Earth is billions of years old

[@fionagibson7529]

This is so well narrated that I didn’t even notice there were no subtitles, despite normally preferring them if at all possible. Masterfully crafted.

[@kevinjohnson3521]

All lies though!

[@jefflittle8913]

"In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move." - Douglas Adams

[@davidcowan4705]

The only people that are angry are those that let their sins interfere with their science. I only trust Christian scientists because they have minds that are more open to the whole picture. This video is silly and nothing but ridiculous and worthless lies.

[@nonbeliever5027]

😂true though

[@jennylee9278]

Actually, I think Arthur Dent said that.

[@grantfrith9589]

I love that quote.

[@dasstraat]

It is a believe, not science. I'd rather put my money on Jesus' version.

[@ChalcedonXXX]

I am a microbiologist and studied anaerobes and Clostrida in particular. I wrote my Ph.D thesis on the effects of oxygen on these bacteria. There is a spectrum of oxygen tolerance amongst these bacteria. They are all Eubacteria, modern microbes not Archea. I enjoyed you presentation very much.

[@nothuman3083]

My theory is the bacteria would spore and be taken up my evaporation, be rained on the land multiplying and oxidation of the land, released more nutrients flowing in the streams to the mouth of the oceans staining the seas red. Leaving the open and deep ocean to absorb the dead bacteria and oxygen. My hypothesis is the seas of iron where turned to rust, removing a central nutrient from the environment wiping out most of the organisms that soaked up the oxygen or diluted it, spiking oceanic oxygen, whilst the land was turned the air oxygenated by the puddles, ponds, streams, and rivers. Oxidation of nutrients limited the outflow, until glacier craved out sediments booming the oxygen producing life forms into dooming themselves as glaciers advanced to the poles.

[@brazilianbastard3992]

@@theskyizblue2day431why so rude

[@lilmilos5176]

@@theskyizblue2day431i do

[@SergyMilitaryRankings]

​@@brazilianbastard3992he's a loser who's never achieved anything

[@KapiraytX]

​@@theskyizblue2day431oh look guys, a pathetic human

[@GraemePayne1967Marine]

I took a couple of college geology courses in the early 1970's, and the oxygen catastrophe was not mentioned. Therefore I assume this is newer science. The hot controversial topic of that time was a radical theory called "Plate Tectonics" - a process we humans experience many times per year on this planet.

[@joerosen5464]

Few people realise just how recently the theory of Plate Tectonics became accepted! I thought this was obvious stuff that would have been worked out by those wealthy gentlemen scientist explorers of the 19th or 18th century. Then I stumbled across the story about how arduous the journey to get the theory accepted actually was, & that it took so long. It was in a lovely coffee-table book by Bill Bryson entitled "A Brief History of Everything" that I found in a Thrift Store for a few bucks, as it was already 10 years out of date... To think we'd already put men on the moon more than once & the scientific/geological communities were still giving its main proponent an incredibly hard time to the point of ridicule!😳

[@DarkTouch]

i wasnt too far behind you and learned about geosynclines, miogeosynclines, eugeosynclines and all that rubbish. but we did learn about tectonics as well. it was new, i guess i got the cross over time. I did learn about the oxygen event, snowball earth and all that.

[@DanielWSonntag]

I'm glad we made it through that one!

[@live4twilight4ever]

This sounds so much like a made-for-TV documentary. I've seen a fair number of long-form educational videos on KZbin, and none of them made me feel like a kid watching the Discovery Channel the way this did.

[@brentfarvors192]

More like being FOOLED like a kid...He was doing good, until he tried to tie the Co2, to the destruction of methane...Which, is made up of Co2...Doh! 21stcenturywire.com/2020/09/05/global-cooling-noaa-confirms-full-blown-grand-solar-minimum/

[@ZleFox]

​@@brentfarvors192 lol, this is what Big Oxygen wants you to think!

[@in8187]

Another false video on how the earth is billions of years old.

[@kelseywilliams6561]

@@in8187 dude stfu

[@aaronkirchdorfer7779]

@@in8187 so tell me what's up

[@chessdad182]

The concept of 2.4 billion years ago is difficult to imagine. That we are lucky enough that this blue planet has been safe for this long is hard to believe.

[@cheezeball6109]

we are in a unique part of the universe where not too much asteroids, etc activity....

[@swisstroll3]

We are also largely protected from comets and meteors by Jupiter.

[@kevinmckay5052]

its not hard to believe if you accept your consciousness would not exist otherwise ;)

[@venniethompson8473]

@@swisstroll3 Jupite doesn't protect us. It draws junk i.n

[@jordandavies6847]

This little green planet hasn’t been safe for 2.4 billion years.. it’s like you forgot about the most well known event where an Astroid hit earth and killed 70%+ of all life being the end off the dinosaurs. Literally a few 100 meters bigger and I doubt anything would have lived.. people don’t realise how fragile our existence is all it takes is a 1-2 mile wide astroid and humans will be gone

[@angeluomo]

At 2:50, the video states that the Chicxulub impactor was 80km wide. Consensus today puts that size at roughly 10km in diameter (e.g., about the size of Everest).

[@davidknisely3003]

The asteroid that killed off the dinosaurs was estimated to be 10 to 15 km in size, not 80 km as is stated at 2:52.

[@darth856]

The Great Dying almost wiped out all advanced life on Earth. But the Oxygen Catastrophe almost wiped out life completely, even the simplest of forms.

[@BJETNT]

It amazes me how many things had to happen for us to be here. Makes you wonder if any dinosaurs evolve to the point where they had intelligence. We can't get DNA out of them so we wouldn't know or maybe would be DNA we didn't even recognize or know what did at the time. There was even sci-fi shows based on this theory.

[@BJETNT]

@DuckDodgers. Butch!! Lmfao yeah Porky said the book didn't work and the mother said maybe you didn't use it right and spanks the baby with it. That was awsome!

[@craigb8228]

Life cannot be destroyed, only recreated.

[@Draugluin999]

didnt know thanks for the info!

[@peterwong5993]

@@BJETNT nearly all animals with complex enough nervous system have certain level of intelligence, I believe dinosaurs ain't so different. Did they developed some kind of civilization? That's another kind of topic.

[@richardmarty9939]

As a trained Geologist, I would like to compliment you on a job well done. Good explanation of a rather difficult period.

[@sandiboots123]

What would the peak ppm of carbon dioxide been? God this is interesting....!

[@irw4350]

my GF had one of those

[@samconagher8495]

@@sandiboots123 In the neighborhood of 4000ppm in the Cambrian ca 500 Ma. to a low of 180ppm Quaternary glaciation (which by the way caused a considerable die-off) which is nearing the cessation point for photosynthesis and O2 generation. Of course the IPCC won't tell you that as they push for that level. They also don't tell you what happened during the Eocene.....life bloomed, new species (especially hardwoods), etc etc., very warm and high CO2 levels far more than today.

[@antoniomv9444]

The big difference is the time it took for big changes during these mass extinctions. Now we have concrete pouring across all areas, all forests and high diversity zones being choped and hunted down. Yes carbon levels may have been higher many years ago, but we are destroying the basic chains for any ecosystem to survive with no time to adapt. The thing was not only about CO2, it is about our disgusting consuming practices with no regards for others, we must be fficient in the way we obtain and protect the natural resources, and we already failed.

[@joeshmoe7967]

@@samconagher8495 Yup. If we go to low on the co(2), we will be done like dinner....frozen dinner.....

[@cosicave5179]

Excellent! I've learned a lot more about the process - which I had a very vague idea of. Superb narration punctuated with timely pauses which leave the listener hanging on every word. Thankyou!

[@TheDrRJP]

I never learned anything about how this extinction occurred from my sicence classes until just now. This is a wonderful series that hopefully is being taught in schools today

[@user-hs5me4dw4n]

In school?I don't know if I'm a boy or girl 😂

[@alexanderplatypus3664]

It's interesting to note how amazing and powerful photosynthesis seems. Like when we think of plants (or algae, etc.) it's almost magical, because they generate energy and grow without needing to harm other organisms (directly anyway). So it makes sense that when this process first started evolutionarily, it was extremely unstable and TOO powerful and sort of got into some cascade effects.

[@ananthropomorphictalkinggo6641]

Plants may make simple sugar through photosynthesis, but make no mistake, plants need dead things to get the nutrients to grow. You can't put a plant in sterile soil and think it's not going to die. Not to mention, there's around 750 different species of carnivorous plants alone, nevermind the thousands of parasitic plants like strangler figs that directly harm other organisms as part of their life cycles. Life feeds on life.

[@kettelbe]

Perhaps we can remake it powerful quite a bit to take more co2?

[@Anotherguy1st]

I suppose it depends on how you view power. It's pretty amazing but considering how long photosynthesis has been around you would think plants would develop better ways to avoid being eaten. Perhaps that in itself shows the limitation of what plants can do really, they can make their own food but not defend it, at least not from other creatures which can move and consume.

[@technicolormischief-maker5683]

@@Anotherguy1st “Defense” is the product of a scarcity that plants don’t really deal with. Because they get their energy from the sun, plants don’t need to defend themselves; they make more of themselves faster than any animal could ever eat them, and most plant species don’t really come into conflict with other plants. Not to mention that in many cases, being eaten by animals is to the plants’ benefit. You can bet that if it were efficient, plants would defend themselves more actively, but often they just resort to passive measures like thorns and needles. What does it say about power that it’s more efficient for plants to make more plants? That no matter how many die, there will always be more, like cutting off the heads of a hydra?

[@benjaminparent4115]

@@Anotherguy1st Plant do have defense mechanism even against animal. They release toxin when they detect they are eaten, to reduce digestability, mess with the herbivore metabolism, or straight up poison him, a shit load of psychoactive substances like caffeine or nicotine are actually insecticide produced by plants. And there is also torn and spine, those are defenses too despite being passive.

[@douglashenri5017]

This here is a hiddem gem. One of the absolute finest channels. I did not know just how massive those changes were, it sure gives a whole new perspective.

[@jamiejudd7146]

It's humbling, in my opinion. Just to be here now, in this moment despite the current state of affairs....I feel lucky to exist. Like I was gifted something truly sacred. Idk how many people can relate but still.

[@melvinshelton8448]

You betcha. Kind of puts a different focus on the word "pandemic".

[@in8187]

Another false video on how the earth is billions of years old.

[@mickxymic9514]

First time of watching this channel for me and I have subsribed with great enthusiasm.

[@mikecroly4579]

Thank you so very much! What a wonderful show!...In all seriousness: so very informative and enjoyable and beautiful! Wow! (I'm truly so overwhelmed I've tears!)...Whoever put this show/video together...your absolutely amazing/wonderful!

[@patriciawatson3293]

Wow you are very talented! It was clear and beautifully presented without any of the usually anomalous clips that are used by other creators to bulk up their videos.

[@KarleneE]

The writer who came up with ice "...spreading like freezing corruption..." is a genius. That's a brilliant turn of phrase: well-stated by the presenter too! Cheers!

[@alexanderSydneyOz]

Except that it belongs in a child's fantasy story, not in a scientific presentation.

[@KarleneE]

@@alexanderSydneyOz Without presentation skills, the most brilliant scientist will neither reach nor sway anyone, even if they are demonstrably correct in what they know.

[@HkFinn83]

@@alexanderSydneyOz kind of agree

[@LatinoLover]

@@alexanderSydneyOz come on I can totally see that phrasing be used in a David Attenborough nature documentary or something

[@EconAtheist]

@@alexanderSydneyOz I thought he was talking about Vanilla Ice. Was perfect. now though you made me totally rethink everything

[@Bobbydazzlla]

Now this is a history lesson stripped back to the bones of time. Presentations like this are mesmerising

[@cancerskryptonite]

More like spellbinding. All freemasonic occult lies using gematria to place spells over the subconsciousness of the drugged/pharmekia human mind. Wake up! Demon/reptile worshipping humans run the world. G in freemason = 7

[@Bobbydazzlla]

@FRANKLIN WILSON So what have you got......not much I'm betting

[@davidreinhart418]

Except it still talks about evolution as a proven theory. Evolution is an antique science.

[@jamesstevens2362]

It is mesmerising! It gives my scrambled brain cells something to focus on. I’m thinking of it as a history lesson everyone needs to watch, because now we are the microbes!

[@hamidhamidi3134]

It started from microbes, but how did these microbes come into being ?

[@boozolini4465]

This was a hell of an explanation, magnificent piece of work, bravo!

[@johngraves6878]

EXTREMELY well done. The VO is incredibly nuanced.

[@Peter-gq4ww]

The first few videos I saw of this channel I assumed were taken from somewhere like the discover channel, I couldn't believe and am still amazingly impressed that these videos are privately made! I'd just like to say thanks this content is golden and I'm actually learning something about the ancient world compared to other docs that only focus on the popular events, incredibly well made my friend!

[@cancerskryptonite]

All freemasonic occult lies using gematria to place spells over the subconsciousness of the drugged/pharmekia human mind. Wake up! Demon/reptile worshipping humans run the world. G in freemason = 7

[@DeuceGenius]

dudes better than discovery

[@jonathanweinbaum5012]

The difference is that, although not flawless, these people use actual science as opposed to the Discovery Channel, which is only interested in entertaining vs. educating people...nice work!

[@HerohammerStudios]

What an incredible indictment of the Discovery Channel

[@GogiRegion]

@@jonathanweinbaum5012 Discovery used to have good stuff. They got bought out at some point, which led to their decline, if I remember correctly.

[@noeldenever]

What a fabulous work. As always, your video felt like professionally produced documentary. From writing to narration and visuals, it's a work of art. Thank you for educating us and letting us enjoy it for free.

[@lindamaemullins5151]

Isn’t it ❤️

[@bluceree7312]

And most importantly, the science behind it. I have known bits a bobs about many of the facts presented but never thought to look at its entirety the way this video summarised it. Very well done.

[@dankachilles9356]

He getting paid. He ain't doing this for free guy lmao

[@robotempire]

We pay by giving KZbin access to our viewing preferences, which they in turn use to sell advertising

[@DrPlatypus1]

He didn't say he was doing it for free, he said thank you for making the video free for the public. 🤨

[@bonniehoke-scedrov4906]

This is my first time enjoying your KZbin channel. Great content! Looking forward to hearing more from you! Your video was so informative. Thank you so much!

[@rossr100]

I don't think I've ever seen this explained so well. Fantastic, thanks. Subscribed today

[@choimdachoim9491]

One of the most interesting videos I've seen in my 73 years.

[@jimgill1181]

I find, as another, I too, must agree!

[@adimunir216]

You should read "A Short History of Nearly Everything - Bill Bryson". This video's script is heavily inspired by material in the book.

[@choimdachoim9491]

@@adimunir216 I just ordered it from ebay. Thanks.

[@michealtaylor7745]

I enjoyed it too. Watched it from my hospital bed in Cardiff Cancer Unit, only just saw it but thoroughly enjoyed it. 60 yrs old in a couple of weeks time. Greetings, UK.

[@uscovenant2350]

There's always so much information available on the internet nowadays. Some people even find it over whelming. We aren't exactly use to this as a species but I'm sure we will catch up. As for extinction, it could easily happen to us. It's happened several times before.

[@Trev0r98]

The asteroid that caused the K-Pg extinction event 66 million years ago was *not* "80 kilometers wide". Most authoritative estimates place it between 10 to 16 kilometers wide.

[@cancerskryptonite]

All freemasonic occult lies using gematria to place spells over the subconsciousness of the drugged/pharmekia human mind. Wake up! Demon/reptile worshipping humans run the world. G in freemason = 7

[@lazynow1]

6 miles or 18445 Egyptian Cubits

[@MaGuFer]

Trev, I read that as well.

[@rutvikrs]

It was only 3.7 inches. The jig was up after the angry ex started gossiping that the previous measure of 16 kms was a charade to gain academic clout of researching an "important event".

[@lazynow1]

@@rutvikrs so are we talking about some bad porn movie or asteroids

[@philipsmith3697]

Take a me a bit of a while to discover your channel, but I find it brilliant. Perfectly narrated and excellent visually. Thank you

[@juliamacdonald3767]

This is an excellent video, informative, well paced, concise, nicely voiced, with good graphics.

[@lavapix]

One of the reasons I enjoy exploring ancient lava tubes. The layers of rock tell stories of a violent past. Well done. On to your next video.

[@scottcantdance804]

@Controversial Chris because of your comment, I looked at his channel. Lol, looks pretty cool. I've never thought of exploring a lot of tubes. Thank you.

[@lavapix]

@@ErronBlack_Outlaw 🤙

[@lavapix]

@Controversial Chris 🤙

[@lavapix]

@@scottcantdance804 🤙

[@matthewsutton2615]

Excuse me it 2021

[@soulfuzz368]

Learning about extinction events makes you feel really small

[@ProfessorCheeba]

nah bruh. im 6'5

[@superduper9357]

We are small and probably not as special as we think we are?

[@StayFractalesque]

@@superduper9357 our intelligence is remarkable even if other intelligent life is out there, or rather, _was_ out there..

[@fritglassware9165]

its the amount of time that gets me. the extinction of the dinosaurs took 30,000 years! some of those iron layers took hundreds of millions of years.. and we are out here freaking out over the shit going on during our measly 70-100 year long lives. 🤯

[@sybillestahl8646]

@@missengineer2782 Makes me wonder if there really are any more technological civilizations in the galaxy. How many crises did we just squeak through in the last 5 billion years?

[@nuggitron]

Beautifully narrated. A real pleasure to listen to. Some other videos have presentors who speak way too quickly. Love your work.

[@technoadmin]

Really enjoyed it, please do more of these, loved it!

[@Imbalto]

I’m a geologist and really didn’t get much more than a refresh from this video. However. You got me to watch the whole thing. Incredible video. Very good science communication

[@Deridus]

Curious. Historians I have met consume media related to their specialization with vigor, even if it is 'just a refresher.' On the offchance you read this, do you do the same? I cannot claim to be a scientist, merely an interested soul who loves learning new things and looking at old knoledge in a new light. I earnestly wish I could spend my life wandering the halls of universities, thinktanks, research facilities, archeological digs, and the like. This world of ours is so utterly beautiful, so rich in wonders, I am always in awe. I live for sunrises, for new discoveries, and yet, a good refresher every once in a while does me a solid boost. My father was a geologist, taught me many things. Showed me how interconnected everything is. My own interests lead me to electronics, but every once in a while, I'll find myself staring at a hill or a mountain and think to myself, "What's in there? How old is it?" I've only traveled a little, but what I have seen will last my life. The Bighorn Mountains hardly deserve the name compared to the Rockies, but even so, standing atop them gave me a sense of scale that simply took my breath away. Standing atop Mt Hood a few years later gave me a sense of scope that I simply cannot put into words. Somewhere in one of my footlockers I have some fist-sized rocks from my travels. Rocks gathered from the St. Laurence River, red and white stones fron the Bighorns, granite from southern Oregon, even some Obsidian from multiple sources. Each one is a story in and of it's self, each ranging in age from a billion years to only a handful. It is a sensation of itself to hold one and think, "where did this come from?" Hmm. I think I need to get back out there.

[@admiralsfleet2668]

​@@Deridus Don't ever eat magic mushrooms and explore nature. You'll be ranting and ranting nonsense for paragraphs and paragraphs. I'm not a geologist, historian, or scientist but your shite talk made me respond. Be curious. It's great. Keep it to yourself

[@zombone2012]

@@Deridusshhh...

[@Deridus]

@@zombone2012 I find it odd that an entire conversation was deleted... I think I just need to get off youtube.

[@jamesjamison3463]

rock man

[@haroldburrows4770]

I just love this stuff, even billions of years ago success breeds demise

[@alexandragamingronyno2275]

Not only that, demise itself was the foundation for future successes. We search for complex alien life but life itself is an unending chain of failed attempts and fateful recoveries. What are the chances for a similar outcome? While greater than zero, I'd say it's incredibly improbable. The Universe is not teeming with life in spite of fat chances for life to appear. That's simply not good enough. Life constantly needs catastrophe to recover from and also evolve further. Without any failings, life will wither away when the inevitable tragedy will come. Thus, the meek will once again inherit the world, unless even they are too proud facing their doom.

[@stormysampson1257]

Demise? Decimation? Destruction? 'I don't think so, Tim'...Success breeds more success. Selecting out any life that is unable to adapt quickly enough. Is that what you mean?

[@rhedinrage1601]

@@alexandragamingronyno2275 I'd argue against that, success can come from catastrophe. We survive because the earth was terraformed but if we keep convincing ourselves that using the abundance of food an energy from that is wrong to do so, we will expire ourselves and from that, birds would probably rise. Chemistry has a few likely outcomes and things keep evolving in relatively predictable directions, especially where a medium like water, Co2, nitrogen, sulfur, heat etc are concerned. If you want to see what happens when things stop succeeding, look at sharks, they never failed so they never adapted and they never changed now they're as dumb as bricks and die if they sleep too long :p

[@DownhillAllTheWay]

Harold Burrows - "success breeds demise" Success? You mean like the mining of fossil fuels? The internal combustion engine and mass transport? The improvement in living standards (well ... for humans)? The Internet? Population expansion beyond the proportions of any other animal ever? Those are the measures of success - and they could *_never_* lead to demise .... could they .... ? The dinosaurs were here for 300 million years. Cockroches have been here for 400 million. We have been here for about half a million. There have been species far more successful than we are, and now, there's not much of a trace of them. Who will last longer - us or roaches? Roaches have a good track record. Primates ... not so much.

[@florianpeter7045]

@@rhedinrage1601 i dont think an animal living for 400 million years has failed in any way so what it might be dumb but how far ahead are we intelligent wise? Id say only a tiny bit concidering AI and superintelligent aliens (which are most likely technological beings that have evolved from biological ones). Every step in evolution is necessary for the next one to occur for if a ladder was missing one step you wouldn’t be able to get up

[@johnvaldez1444]

Masterfully written and articulated. Very engaging, intelligible and full of references. Congrats. Keep it up!

[@tynewcombe136]

Wtf ... blew my small mind in half.... thank you so much for all the hard work it took to bring this amazing information to life .... beyond interesting

[@Valdagast]

"The bacteria do not have protection against the oxygen they produce..." This is what is technically called an oopsie.

[@florianpeter7045]

Well we don’t have an protection against carbon dioxide, oopsie

[@earlwarner4404]

@@florianpeter7045 We do actually. It takes a surprising amount of it in the air to become toxic, especially if there is still enough oxygen present. If that were not the case, we would not survive submarines.

[@izzyplusplusplus1004]

I find it interesting that your statement is true, and that it destroys the evolution genesis hypothesis.

[@Valdagast]

@@izzyplusplusplus1004 Not really. They don't produce large amounts of oxygen and it diffuses away pretty quickly. The dose, as we know, makes the poison. It's a problem when you get exponential growth but those are extraordinary circumstances.

[@florianpeter7045]

@@earlwarner4404 i didn't say it takes a small amount

[@69ElChistoso]

"Suffocated by their own waste gasses." No big deal. I do that to myself in the bathroom all the time.

[@vvFanboy]

#stopkinkshaming

[@carolmiller5713]

TMI.

[@uhadme]

eaten by their lover soon as done mating... (plants give off toxic oxygen 'waste' from their point of view) Nature is strange.. cherry picking and taking things out of context in the name of science is shameful.

[@in8187]

Another false video on how the earth is billions of years old.

[@in8187]

@Michael Hawaiianstyle the thumbnail did.

[@MrProElectrician]

Superb quality of education. I have never benefited from such a beautiful presentation of elaborate specific information in such simple yet complete terms. . Thank you

[@lynnotwell995]

Bloody brilliant. Loved every moment. Wonderful narration.

[@busybillyb33]

2:51 Needs a correction. The asteroid impactor that hit the Yucatan peninsula was not 80km, but more around 10km. 80km would have absolutely demolished that entire face of the earth.

[@remijugier6806]

yup, saying 80km instead of 10km might not feel like a huge difference but the asteroid mass is actually 512 times more since its about volume, so a 80km asteroid would amount to 512 dinosaur extinction asteroids.

[@artor9175]

@@waynefay8210 What makes you think anyone cares about your opinion, since volumetric math seems to be beyond your grasp?

[@jonka1]

@@artor9175 I suggest that a lot more than volumetric math seems to be beyond his grasp.

[@jaik195701]

Depends on the speed.

[@e1wdawg]

If some 80 km hit the Earth We would know about it today It would have a massive of change on the face of the Earth

[@tomgore9696]

Brilliant and haunting. The antiquity of life on Earth is mind-boggling and strangely familiar at the same time. We stand on the shoulders of microbes.

[@kailawkamo1568]

Well not shoulders but maybe plasma membranes hahaha

[@robertsmith3672]

So the earth IS. Older than 4000 years.

[@Misses-Hippy]

Love it!

[@noox13]

@@robertsmith3672 ...yes...much older...

[@robertsmith3672]

@@noox13 I knew the bible was fiction even as a child

[@videofan006]

Just found it, and after only a moment of watching this film subscribed instantly! What a marvel of documentary film production. This narration is a masterpiece! This film should go to schools, as well as to the film schools. Thanks, now getting back to watching the rest ;-D

[@lynnsbomb]

Definitely won my subscription. That was great, I like the way you tell the stories. Can’t wait to learn more. Thanks.

[@rogerhinman5427]

3:09 The extinction of the dinosaurs took "...a mere thirty thousand years..." Let's just stop and think about that on a Human scale shall we?

[@imyourmaster77]

Its crazy, we're BY FAR closer in terms of time to the T Rex than they were to the earliest dinosaurs.

[@jamesa901]

So I don't think there's any evidence on how long after the asteroid impact the non-avian dinosaurs survived. 30K years? Or 30? Or 3? Or were they all wiped out when the Earth became an oven at 800 degrees, during the first 24 hours after the impact. Since there are almost no fossils for the first 10K years after the impact, it's pure speculation. Also, as has been mentioned, avian dinosaurs were nearly indistinguishable from modern birds before the impact. There were many types (species) of avian dinosaurs, with fundamental differences but all pretty much looking the same, of which only one species survived the impact. Birds really are an entire Class of animal descended from that single species of dinosaur that made it thru. The same goes for mammals. Every mammal alive today is descended from the very few species of mammal that made it through.

[@Tanrer]

@@jamesa901 yeh I was going to say, non-avian dinosaur fossils have only been found below the KPg boundary and even then not touching the boundary, and to take it further any dates are just dates of specific eatable rock, not the fossils, saying the extinction took x amount of time just seems like a flawed statement.

[@user-mh2bw4hu3o]

They burrowed deep underground in the cool, moist soil.

[@simtexa]

This is fascinating in how all life on Earth has adapted in some way to survive in the otherwise toxic atmosphere. Indeed, many lifeforms are downright reliant on it. This carries with it the implication that potential alien lifeforms that would have evolved in vastly different ways may find our atmosphere to still be extremely toxic to them.

[@Blutwind]

i once read a joke story about how aliens don´t want to contact us because we breathe/drink Rocket fuel and shurg oxidation of as something completly normal

[@Blutwind]

@DESI EDM BEATS yeah i mean humanity is kindof scary if you think about it. One moment we bash our heads in with our neighbor and if a biggger group approaches we stand next to same guy we just punched a moment before. We had to make a study if using a nuke would self immolate our Atmosphere because we realy wanted to use a nuke. We threaten ourself with mutial assured destruction. We have more working ideas on how destroy our biosphere then how to save it. We depend on a chemical compound of Natrium and Chloride. In terms of Stamina we can basicaly outpace anything if the person in question is modrratly fit (as in we wont catch a deer in a sprint but the deer will lose a marathon) Humanity is hella scary and irrational if you think about it in a neutral way. Makes it fun though beeing one of those scary apes! Also we are curious af i mean wich african animal would see the arctic circles and think "imma cross tha mf of an ice desert" or who intheir right mind would think sitting atop a selfsustained semi controled permanent explosion is a good idea because you realy want to touch the white stone thingy in the night sky

[@seantaggart7382]

@@Blutwind yeah

[@seantaggart7382]

@@Blutwind yeah Its our gift Our imagination Its what powers us

[@hendrikdependrik1891]

It also shows life will find a way after us. As long as we're not able to create climate control for our own, but instead destroy everything while polluting the atmosphere with CO2 that's going to suffocate is, other life forms will take our place. And maybe might take a few hundred million years, life will restore itself in ways we can't even imagine.

[@ziomudru]

I am in awe. This is outstanding. Thank you!

[@tomthebomb557]

I have learned more about the history of life on this planet in the 26:39 then I have from any other source. Well done sir. A masterful mini documentary.

[@TearDownGenesis]

The Great Oxidation Event? I'm a bit rusty on that one.......

[@kevindice1092]

That’s a ferrous-essment.

[@Richard-zc1cj]

That's an iron-clad statement

[@toddkurzbard]

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA

[@anonygent]

50 lashes! (Opus the penguin reference for those who are curious.)

[@JEANSDEMARCO]

HAHA! Rock solid man!😀

[@Snowstar837]

I wonder if this is the Great Filter - emerging microbial communities will almost always end up changing their environment and wiping themselves out. Maybe Earth was very, very lucky that anything survived.

[@mecha-sheep7674]

I doubt it. 1) Every star radiates more and more heat as it ages. So oxygenation and global ice age are needed to escape runaway greenhouse effect, like what happened on Venus. 2) This happens slowly enough that some life will survive somewhere until the planet warms, thanks to geological activity and the star heating more and more. After all, frost does not kill most simple life forms. They just have to wait. So, I think it's rather the opposite : IF photosynthetic life does not appear soon enough on a planet, THEN volcanic activity and increased solar radiation send the greenhouse effect into overdrive. And while it's possible to exit an ice age, it's impossible to exit a runaway greenhouse effect : the ocean boils away, CO2 accumulate in the atmosphere and you end up with a venusian world, where life is mostly impossible.

[@someone2973]

​@no no The Universe has a number of stars that we would consider vast, but we don't know how many planets are needed for it to be more likely than not that at least one of them has a technological civilization at least advanced as ours. It may be that the number of planets needed to make a technological civilization more likely than not is so large that it makes even the number of planets in the observable universe seem small in comparison.

[@BenoHourglass]

@no no So what if the chances of one of those planets getting life is 1 in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000? We should expect the universe to be completely lifeless, then, making us improbable.

[@BenoHourglass]

​@no no "Sheer numbers alone make other life a statistical probability." If, statistically, the chances of life emerging on a planet are 1 in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 then statistically we shouldn't expect any life in the observable universe at all, making us a rarity.

[@KateeAngel]

Considering their fast rates of evolution, it is very unlikely for the while biosphere of microbes to wipe itself out

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Excellent narrator .! Pace / Timing / Enunciation ....all perfect . A pleasure to listen to .

[@rowan1able]

This wonderful documentary drove me to heavy tears, God~Bless You my friend.

[@Laserblade]

I'm 65, and a student of science all my life. You filled several holes in my understanding. Very well written and presented. Thank you!

[@myjizzureye]

Not the first time you have thanked a bloke for filling your holes is it.

[@Laserblade]

@@myjizzureyeSo easily entertained by adolescent humor? That accurately reflects your intellect.

[@myjizzureye]

@@Laserblade I'd say its a stronger reflection on your lack of personality. Also I am not easily entertained, your dad had to push back and moan for me to finish.

[@benderisback619]

@@myjizzureye disgusting and disgraceful

[@myjizzureye]

@@benderisback619 You want my number?

[@jensastrup1940]

Finally, an explanation of why the iron formations are banded.

[@Achill101]

I think the explanation has been around for sixty years but hidden in scientific articles. It's good to see it explained in laymen's terms.

[@jb71488]

I had no idea this happened!! Thanks for the info and narration! Incredibly interesting and gives a sense of scale to our planets evolution!

[@battshytkrazy156]

EXCELLENT

[@davethebrahman9870]

Beautiful production, thank you!

[@tscott6843]

Truly professional content like this is hard to find as it gets buried under content that uses video clips only remotely associated with the narration. Thank you for your time and effort. This is a superb video.

[@cancerskryptonite]

That begs the question, who's paying and why? All freemasonic occult lies using gematria to place spells over the subconsciousness of the drugged/pharmekia human mind. Wake up! Demon/reptile worshipping humans run the world. G in freemason = 7

[@LeoDragon34]

Now that is how to spend 30 minutes on KZbin. Wonderful content, well narrated and produced. Thank you. Happily subscribed!

[@twistedbuilder]

That was a wonder filled presentation that I am thankful to y'all's evolutionary contribution. Mahalo!

[@davidwootton683]

Brilliant! Many thanks for sharing this with us.

[@matteb859]

“Creatures suffocating in their own waste” Sounds like me after a takeaway

[@SirThomezz]

Makes you wonder how many frozen planets are out there, having the same problems we had, except not grtting out of the freeze, heat, or other accidentally introduced change on the path of evolution. Trapped somewhere under layers of ice

[@heskey333]

Judging by the lack of any sign of other intelligent life in our huge universe - probably quite a few.

[@Icetea-2000]

But then it probably wouldn’t have looked like our early earth, highly geologically active with magma everywhere and a very active core. Earth was never destined to stay a ball of ice forever, inevitably the great volcanic activity within would’ve always broken it apart, like it happened

[@JoseMartinez-fg2xp]

Actually it’s Carbon Monoxide planets not frozen.

[@blucat4]

There's a couple of Moons like that in our Solar system, Europa may be in a similar stage ..

[@bakielh229]

don't be delusional, we don't even know that there are other similar sized "planets" out there

[@Minimalist11Guy]

That gave me a real appreciation of our constantly changing planet. I have never see such a well explained description.

[@stephenm8270]

fantastic film. im a geologist and that was the most vivid explanation of the precambrian iron stones i have ever heard. fantastic

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

A minority of Earthlings have been pretty damn lucky a number of times. So, let's not take any of this for granted. There exists no promissory note that guarantees or guards us fro extinction.

[@davidh6300]

So true, and covid has definitely reminded us there are no guarantees in life

[@kma3647]

@@davidh6300 Respectfully, you're comparing a disease with a 99%+ survival rate to mass extinctions with a 99%+ species extinction rate. There is no comparison. None. And 400ppm CO2 isn't going to kill us all either, no matter what the "experts" say. It is events like the one in this video that ought to offer us perspective so we stop freaking out and driving ourselves into anxiety-ridden messes for no good reason.

[@lindamaemullins5151]

@@kma3647 yep

[@mobilityproject3485]

@@kma3647 No. Global warming will not kill our species. But what we do now determines how severe our geoengineering will have to be.

[@pl8827]

@@kma3647 Global warming isn't about making humans go extinct; even all out nuclear war wouldn't accomplish that. The issue with global warming is the economic damage it'll wreak. At the current rates temperatures are rising (and re predicted to rise) we are going to start seeing widespread crop failures leading to global political instability in the next 20 - 50 years according to the pentagon. Cuckservatives just want to pray that problem away, but that's no solution, it's just dumb (like everything else wrong wingers preach).

[@orehas45]

Accidentally stumbled on this channel, this was the first video I watched, and I immediately subscribed. Excellent quality overall, well structured text, wonderful narration and very appropriate video. So refreshing to have the information delivered in a laconic and informative manner, without the usual filler blah, blah, blah, mixed with dramatic pauses, distracting music and useless sound effects. Thank you very much! Pleas keep making such high quality content.

[@pavel9652]

There are a few mistakes in the video. For instance, the K/T extinction impactor had a diameter of about 10km.

[@jimetzel2971]

That was very interesting to watch and listen to. Thank you for creating this.

[@Deepthought-42]

Watched this again several months after the first time. Just as enthralling 👍

[@charlesseymour1482]

The deepest meaning of change imaginable, the creation of an oxygen atmosphere changed everything. There is a record written, and it is in stone. Iron oxide bands.

[@charlesseymour1482]

It is true that one massive layer of rock is the mother of the iron age.

[@charlesseymour1482]

All rich iron ore deposits come from the era in time the great oxygenation events.

[@charlesseymour1482]

This lasted for 200 million years and occurred more than a billion yeard ago.

[@theCosmicQueen]

yeah but that could also be water and air like today.

[@Iknowtoomuchable]

Other Microbes: "NOOOO YOU CAN'T JUST CREATE ALL THAT OXYGEN, YOU'LL KILL US ALL!!!" Oxygen-farting Microbe: "Ha ha photosynthesis goes brrrrrt."

[@ETCABEZON]

* REEEEs in suffocation *

[@nowthatsjustducky]

Perhaps this event should be called the Great Finger Pull

[@stoyanb.1668]

@@nowthatsjustducky lol

[@worfoz]

RIP (Rust in peace)

[@kchuk1965]

@@nowthatsjustducky the great planetary flatulence event

[@vanbistrow7145]

Beautifully done and very informative!

[@catalyst429]

every time I'm in a stressful point in my life content like this brings me so much peace

[@Rafaga777]

What a great channel! I can remember that once National Geographic and Discovery Channel had beautiful documentaries but these days are gone so I am very glad to stumble upon your channel very recently. Please keep on the good work!

[@mbvoelker8448]

Yes! I used to love those channels and TLC too. But they've gone downhill and the good stuff is coming from independent content creators like this.

[@lindamaemullins5151]

❤️

[@henrirousseau9541]

The place that needs more thought is: where and how did photosynthetic bacteria survive the 400-million years of Snowball Earth with its mile-thick ice sheets everywhere? On volcanic cones?

[@Egilhelmson]

NatGeo has decent KZbin videos.

[@6z0]

This is such an underrated channel. I can’t believe you only have 50k subs...

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

50k is no small task, however. It's enough for YT to recognize you. Besides, there are literally hundreds more covering similar topics, many in short bursts, like EONS, a PBS project, for instance. With time, it will grow as the algorithm directs viewers to the channel.

[@shogun8376]

That's the tragedy. People aren't interested in expanding their knowledge, they just want entertainment and fun.

[@michaelloedel750]

@@shogun8376 how do you know that? Also what’s wrong with that if entertainment is also a form of expanding your knowledge?

[@resileaf9501]

We just have to keep watching every video, and over time more and more people will be attracted to this channel. :D

[@nancyf.8185]

@@michaelloedel750 I agree 100%.

[@michaeladolf4237]

Phantastic, what level of information and narration 👍👍👍

[@aapex1]

"Researched and Written by Leila Battison". THE best science writer on Earth! Thank You.

[@jennyjen7000]

I don't think I've ever been this excited for a new video. ❤️

[@brymstar333]

RIGHT!.....pre Permian anything is like crack! ...terminal geek....

[@charlesseymour1482]

Best geology film ever made and just 27 minutes. Tight edit, exciting script and great videography. I stand in awe! Pulsing oxygen rock spanning 200 million years.

[@charlesseymour1482]

I have taught this story in chemistry class with 1/2 the class sleeping. What a story line of sun lovers...

[@toperd965]

@@charlesseymour1482 hhaha never been interested like this before, now i feel like i could be a geologist!

[@Honorablebenaiaha]

Hey Jenny, how often you hit the fentanyl or meth pipe?

[@Astrofrank]

Great video with good narration. I will watch the next one now.

[@user-hm6bn6kw6k]

Brilliant. I have never seen anything as good as this and its explanation of bif and the world at that time.

[@proximacentaur1654]

"What we call the beginning is often the end. And to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from" T.S Eliot

[@josephjucker5620]

Does this remind anyone else of the Trafalmadorians?

[@thepianoman5491]

I know what you mean. A scientific theory says that if one gets caught in an event horizon of a black hole we can see the beginning & the end. I call it the 4th dimension but its a conversation that can only take place between 2 highly gifted intelligent people. My problem is I am surrounded by fools.

[@perfectlypurepinkpompompan3467]

@@thepianoman5491 You live in the White House??

[@hubristicmystic]

@@perfectlypurepinkpompompan3467 yeah, in the near future. Fools with hairy legs

[@iamanowl26]

@@thepianoman5491 really? What theory is this? Also, there already is a 4th dimension it is called Time

[@Tormekia]

Just gotta say I love the tone of voice of the narrator. Calming and soothing. Plus I learn stuff. : ) Always worth a listen/watch.

[@TopSpeedKertus]

You should check out his other channel called Voices of the Past. His brother, History Time, also has a excellent tone and cadence.

[@JPHarringtonJr]

Hanging out with this video while drawing. Thanks for making it-

[@ShauntSerelu]

The narrator's voice is very pleasing to listen to, I love listening to these videos as I wind down for sleep, it really helps calm me down while I wait for my sleep meds to kick in strongly enough for me to actually fall asleep lol

[@quikslvrx]

Suffocated by their own waste at the peak of their success.. the sounds familiar for some reason

[@jameretief8327]

Waste not waist.

[@edew9180]

@@jameretief8327 im wondering if it was intentional, mocking the lazy in our world who, despite being immersed in knowledge, never seem to care to actually learn. Morons at the height of knowledge, kind of in the same theme of collapse at the pinnacle.

[@jameretief8327]

@@edew9180 I just thought it might be a comment that we’re too damn fat!

[@timshen6516]

Life on earth keeps doing this. We are just the latest.

[@cwb2992]

A few million years after our demise something else will take our place as has happened for billions of years.

[@GojiGuru]

Anyone get teary eyes whenever they studied this portion of earth history? So epic, so monumental, so amazing.

[@r2out]

I didn't get teary eyes, but I sure got an injection of awe that stayed with me for a good amount of time; the history of the earth and life is an EPIC adventure, but only for those addicted to awesomeness.

[@lindamaemullins5151]

I’m just bumfuzzeled and in awe myself ❤️

[@jayrenee378]

No I didn't. Intriguing but no emotional/spiritual experience here.

[@reichfuhrer1942]

It gives me goosebumps whenever I try to imagine billions of years of history.

[@Bleach420]

Shoutout the one-cell cameraman. Big up💪

[@ericodijk]

I think I watched all your episodes and I think this one is your best.