How circuits REALLY work!

[@larianton1008]

this is the type of intuition I always hoped in my physics journey. No one ever talks about this stuff. Not even in grad school. What a huge disappointment, really. thank you for your energy!!

[@copernicofelinis]

FINALLY! A Yuotuber who gets it right!!! It's frustrating to see channels with tens to hundreds times the number of views you have, mislead their viewers and subscribers with incorrect explanations. You deserve way more views. Kudos for explaining this in such an intuitive way.

[@thulyblu5486]

I remember watching the Veritasium videos "How electricity actually works" and his explanation was not really understandable to me. I watched several more videos from other youtubers but still meh... this is the first one that actually makes sense to me. Thanks!

[@enzoys]

I also had my journey of trying to understand electric circuits through these videos for intuition and I can say, aside from this, the ones I recommend the most are: the one from science asylum about circuit energy which is awesome and just below this one in the list and two from alpha phoenix, one about electricity intuition and one about if electricity could solve a maze (funny that I got more out of the maze one because we could basically see what was happening with examples). Oh, and of course, the animations from eugene khutoryansky too! Specially the ones about inductors and capacitors.

[@fgorn]

More deep dives! More deep dives! Thanks! The video answers a lot of questions and is really helpful. I would like a deep dive of the battery where you combine the anatomy of the battery from chemistry with your physics and present it. Once again, thanks a lot!

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Glad to hear that! Yea, that would be awesome!

[@oyster4545]

Yes i also loved that explanation

[@chesswithsomi7314]

​@@Mahesh_ShenoyAre you the guy from FAQ show??

[@lycanclawz918]

Every time I get to watch your videos, even if am not that focused, everything you say just floats in comprehensively no questions at all. Love it🥰😁

[@nadianikitsina626]

i am getting asked a lot, why i always try to make things so complicated, instead of just accepting the theory as it is, remember the equation and go on with my life... but somehow i can not... it is wonderful not only to finally get the answers, but it has been even more valuable for me to recognize, that my questions were not crazy and confusing in the first place and that there is a whole community of people on a similar path :) i feel at home! thank you very much! i do not care about the format of the video or its length, but i care about the ideas and intuition you offer! so more topics about electrical engineering would be much appreciated, since it is not always easy to imaging the invisible stuff :)

[@enzoys]

that was THE BEST physics video AND lecture I've ever seen. Really, it culminated and integrated a lot of different individual little knowledges I had and made sense of why I needed to learn all that! I feel like I have an awesome intuition about how circuits work now and even happier that I'm learning about this field

[@asadakbar2945]

Firstly,let me thank you for clearing almost all my doubts about electricity flow and voltage and whatsoever. I've watching VERISTASIUM videos as well to achieve this but those didn't prove to be providing much explanation required and i never had this kinda intuition before. I am a 2nd year FSC student from Pakistan who has been fighting issues with electricity flow since this concept was introduced to us in 10th class,finally now i can say that it ends here now that i found such a good explanor. Although one thing that i didn't understand is that i think it should be negative charge deposited on the surface of other part of the circuit/wire as well and not positive charge. Tell me where I'm getting it wrong,please. I'll be waiting to get answers.😊

[@neelnj288]

Think like this See the battery has +ve charges on lower end(in video) and -ve on upper and as we attached these to the wire then due to conductors property the + charge got onto conductors surface from the end where it was connected and same for -ve

[@asadakbar2945]

​@@neelnj288thank you sir for taking your time for helping someone you don't even know.....i really appreciate it....not everyone's like this.....people don't give a damn.... I'm sorry i just saw ur reply,six months later....i waited to get the reply to this question for about 10 days...i used to check everyday to see if somebody had replied but when alot of time past,i thought i should just give up the question....

[@SultanInStem-t3i]

This is the type of teaching I have been looking for. Thanks for focusing on concepts rather than raw formulas

[@howdadogdoin729]

this is the most incredible channel ever

[@Smmmile]

Brilliant, should be a video watched by all students.

[@vinod.tanwani]

You are a saviour to students but honestly more so to hassled parents, who despite all their degrees fail to answer the queries of their child satisfactorily!! Keep making such deep dive videos.

[@mjciavola]

I am very happy that you tackled the subject of electrons traveling in a circuit. I have had difficulty finding such high level of detail which includes the "transient stage." You say that initially, the current in the wire is very fast because there is little resistance, but as you know the normal drift velocity of electrons is relatively slow (2 cm/sec) which surprises a lot of people. It may have helped to compare the slow drift velocity of electrons to the velocity of the electric field, which is established at the speed of light. Also, I think that it's important to point out that just like in a resistor, the electrons moving through a wire also bump into atomic nuclei and move in lots of random directions with the net movement being in the direction of the field force. I know that you cover this in Khan Academy videos and thanks for mentioning me.😁

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Haha, yea I am seeing I missed a lot of things!

[@allamjogesh4512]

Can you explain a little more about the transient state and drift velocity of electron being low

[@mjciavola]

@@allamjogesh4512 All I know is that the normal drift velocity of electrons is relatively slow (2 cm/sec)

[@okoliepromise807]

This man needs to be protected at all cost... Such brilliant intuition!!! Thanks for all you do Sir. Please don't stop helping us❤❤❤

[@imaginer04]

I totally agree with you.

[@Vineger23]

True, but sadly he will not probably upload these types of videos anymore. It seems like he has started to make videos only on famous topics like light, relativity, spacetime and black holes. I totally understand him, because then he can get more views, which is obviously important for a youtuber.

[@doggokirby1822]

Please make more videos like this! Very good for EE students!

[@theoriginite7440]

Thanks for this great explanation, keep making these types of videos on doubt that are considered not relevant in school education or exams.

[@EnggStrange]

One of the best videos on the internet on how a circuit really works, Thanks sir

[@shaikhahmed6562]

Hi mahesh first i would like to appreciate you for putting so much efforts and make learning physics easy and interesting.I have been watching your videos for 2 years which helped me a lot in comprehending the concepts easily feom khan academy. I always consider you as one of the best teacher . According to a research it says that if students from disadvantaged backgrounds get access to top 25% of teachers of the world then the gap between teacher and effluent student would completely disappear ....I believe that you are one of worlds top one quarter of teachers.Students really need teachers like you ...Thank you for sharing such an awesome video again.....

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Wow, that made my day. Thanks for sharing :)

[@lycoris7890]

I'm so thankfull for you. More DEEP DEEP dives !

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Yes yes!

[@yame1305]

awesome video, through my months of preparing for jee advanced i had lost my drive, intuition and curiosity for physics only ever looking at everything through a mathematical lens. only understanding just enough for problem solving. this video re ignited that fire i had for physics, thank you.

[@ChrispyThomson]

Keep them coming! I’m a very slow learner so 1/2 hour is about right for me. Thanks!

[@OP-do7rt]

Simply gold content

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Thanks ☺️

[@asimo15]

... for me, Mahesh, this is very interesting. I'm an electrical engineer and I learn new insights with your detail approach. Keep them coming, don't worry about the length. Good thinks take time Thanks

[@robertbauer6723]

I may have to watch this again because it was so packed with good information. I kept thinking about what you said about charge accumulation at each end of the resistor, and in my layman's understanding, I realized that is voltage drop. But you tied it to the physics behind it in a way I could grasp. And in your explanation of how the electric field ends up pushing the electrons parallel to the wire, with surface charges canceling out any non-parallel components, wow. Is that behind the "skin effect" of high-frequency currents?

[@benlee3545]

Ultimately understand the puzzle of learner. Very good or the best teacher in the world. Thank you for the video.

[@insertusername5737]

Thank you very much, there are many topics in this channel that I always had doubts about and no video or reading could get me out of doubt

[@tsmanjunathabhat]

I would listen to you all day long and still be interested. Because I know I will be satisfied at the end to have a better intuition of reality. You are awesome!,

[@aryanraj441]

We love it MASHY, make more deep dive videos!

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Haha, thanks!

[@AATutorsYT]

these videos are amazing man, you don't understand how much this helped me. PLEASE do more deep dives!!!!!

[@contrary6480]

This channel is phenomenal.

[@boboganbobogan9297]

Your explanations are spectacular. Every sentence I hear from you is straightforward. Btw from which books have you learned this deep understanding of physics?

[@tu7____________]

This is the best video about this topic and answered every open question I had. Thank you very much and I hope this gets millions of views! Edit: Please make more of those 30min long videos where you go in depth!

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Sure will :)

[@GodSahil]

@@Mahesh_Shenoy Though I like those videos where only 1(or maybe 2) question's answer is elucidated.

[@rogerproctor7453]

Great job Sir, I would love to see you explain pulse width modulation with this degree of clarity. Thanks

[@AtishKumarSaha]

My precious 31:44 minutes of my life,thanks a lot😊😊😊

[@darshan5044]

yes definitely make more insight into phenonema videos. this was beautiful!

[@viniciusdeloi9386]

I rarely say that, but your channel is highly underrated. Keep up with the good work

[@lunamig2008]

we are intrested to watch the videos please upload regularly....................the video was awesome and deep loved it.....

[@orion.velocity]

we want more & more deep dive videos like this

[@kapsabet3]

Love the Deep dive. Thanks for your time

[@gravitron12]

Dunning-Kruger effect is so strong. Every time I cautiously think I have some small bit of knowledge I realize I know nothing.

[@adibaltahsin2305]

Please make these kind of detailed videos...before watching this video I always had a question that how does a battery know how much current should it push but after watching this video, I am now aware of that transient stage when all this happens..thanks a lot once again and keep up the good work🥰🥰

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Wow, that's great to hear :)

[@elias4eve]

I watched the entire lecture n thank you.

[@ketaksingh5465]

awesome explanation thank you so much

[@rogeriocosta1035]

The overall explain is very good, but that model gives the impression that the electrons really travels in the material. As I understand, the electrons on the materials are always moving in they orbit, eventually jumping from atom to atom. On the presence of an electric field they will have a relative small component of acceleration in the opposite direction of the field, but they do not need to travel or jump to another atom to transfer that energy to others. Each electron with an acceleration component, even the ones in the "wrong" direction, will slightly change the electric fiel around them, transferring part of that acceleration component to others electrons. That process will keep going and the net result of that movement is the current. To make it more clear, the net result of the movement of all electrons has a direction, but even in DC current, even for an infinity time, some electrons can never reach the other side of the battery.

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

I think a more accurate analysis requires a full blown quantum mechanical treatment where you consider the electron wave functions!

[@rogeriocosta1035]

@@Mahesh_Shenoy I agree. Just wondering if we could not say "The electrons do not travel in straight paths, this movement is a resultant of small interactive movements". Moreover, it makes easier to explain how they can curve in the bent of the wire without any field to accelerate them in another direction.

[@ravishankarpulyasambasivan6831]

excellent Mahesh.Wonderful lucid explanation.Pls delve into all the topics deeper.

[@issam431]

hey there. I really appreciate your explanation because i always had those questions, how the circuit behaved in such a way that all the voltage is concentrated on the resistor, and like if you had two resistors both of them will share the voltage depending on their resistance, those principles are basics in circuit analysis, but idk they seemed to me not that intuitive, and idk this concept of transients stage is totally ignored they just give you the laws and you just accept them. I really don't know why so much explainers ignore this concept, it is actually the key point that solved my misconceptions on these questions.

[@otis7951]

This was great thank you very much!! Love the deep dives

[@sumansharma9794]

very good and excellent for concept.

[@190santhoshraj5]

Excellent explanation bro😁...you have opened a new understanding of every physics I have learnt so for...

[@Arush1995]

This explanation is much greater than the channel veritasium. ❤❤❤

[@190santhoshraj5]

Please make more videos like this...

[@alejrandom6592]

At first I didn't believe this guy hangs out regularly with Feynmann, but damn where else could he have learned those teaching skills?

[@JohnDoe-us5rq]

I just found out about your channel recently so I'm a little late to weigh in the question about the length, but since I really like your content, I'd say you matched my preferences 😃. Anyways, very awesome content and so well explained. Thank you so much for those videos of yours.

[@But_Whyyyy]

It was the topic where I was confused a lot. All the intuitive details cleared most of my questions. You are such a non typical legend teacher. It would be amazing if you could dissect the anatomy of the battery and explain every detail. BTW, where did you get this detial? the transient state and the forces on each electron in the circuit? From a book? or internet?

[@smarajitsarkar766]

Excellent 👌

[@DS-nk7jr]

yes please make more in depth videos

[@prabuddhachatterjee9467]

If I were to be an examiner I would have given you 101/100 for this explanation ! From this video I learned a lot about the Science behind a heap of dumb electrons interacting and creating a skocking current i.e heard of sheeps(dumb electrons) listening to the master(battery) and going in a defined way guided by the fences(Electric field). surface charges are like the sheeps at the edges telling there is no way out, just go in the forward direction . I would definately like such deep diving topics on your channel Love you sir !

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Oh man, thanks!!!

[@Beingiitian04]

Great Brother ! You Earned A Subscriber 🎉❤

[@ansgarguentsch9130]

Awesome video! Could you share in which sources you found this explanation? I would love to learn more about this.

[@ajaykulkarni576]

Mahesh, this was super complex, may be have to see it many times to understand

[@4m0d]

I've already studied this so it wasn't anything new but I liked to think about each concept, specially the part of consider high current at one place and low at another causing accumulation of charges which works to eliminate the difference b/w currents (increasing lower current and decreasing higher current simultaneously to make everything equal)

[@Anonymous.10000]

Please tell me the name of the book from where you read it.

[@Angel-d6y9h]

Do you think that a round cable is better than a squared one in terms of electrons distribution? Maybe PCBs aren't the best thing to do if yes. Thanks for your lessons!

[@connyespersen3017]

Best physics chanal on youtube. I really hope you will make more, deeper and sometimes (when you think it's needed) longer videos. Mist importent!, Continuing doing these awful, genial videoes, who tells much much more, than one should think. I think your videoes bring it's visitors much insigth on a level, that they ever thought possible. I believe you a dazzling your vudeoes with a magic touch. No, in fact I think, you are bringing the physics out in a way, there is exceptual. And at the same time, you are telling why the different topics are interesting; you are telling it in so great a way, that you are getting all of your visitors with you. Nothing above, nothing nearby. ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@lucasbrelivet5238]

Actually, the battery wants to send electrons from the negative side to the positive side. It's just that there's something stopping them in the middle. In that case, shouldn't the electrons be bunched up in the middle before you connect the circuit?

[@oof-inator282]

25:30 Why do we only consider the front and back surface? Is the rest of the cylinder not also in perpendicular to the electric field?

[@epops5]

I feel enlightened

[@mikeall7012]

You can actually see this happen in observable time scales if you watch a HiPot test being completed on a large inductor, like a power transformer or 100+ MVA generator. The voltage is slowly increased and the current spikes and settles out, hopefully to near 0 amps, as the target voltage is reached.

[@zhh174]

Great video. Clarifies every confusion of mine. Btw a video on your thoughts on veritasium explanation of electric current.

[@utsavgoyal7991]

Damn man, you teach so well..

[@techamusement6714]

6:28 While wrting E2A the direction of area vector is along outward normal away from the gaussian surface so it should have been E1Acos0+E2Acos(180)=E1A-E2A=0

[@ubahprecious6151]

18:48 I don't think the negative charge distribution will be higher close to the negative terminal of the battery because in that region, the forward push on the electrons are mostly parallel along the wire, I think this charge distribution will be farther away from the negative terminal of the battery and also far away from the positive terminal of the battery for the same reason. Please I'd appreciate your response.

[@bar1s620]

That is HUGE!

[@hackerteam6821]

I really love your voice ❤️

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Aww, shucks! Thanks!

[@BoTingMo]

Can you clarify the idea surrounding charges accumulating? Where exactly is the positive charge manifesting from? So they are leaving positive charges behind in the form of what? Is this referring to the subdivision of positive charges into hyper charges like quarks?

[@amifantastic3976]

Great video sir, loved it :) Something a little bit outta context that I’m about to ask, one thing which we know is that “Current always take the path of least resistance”, but my question is how does current that hasn’t yet reached the resistance area know that “I need to divert myself and not take the path of resistance”? A text solution would be fine too :)

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Great question! Current 'takes' all the possible paths. The current in the path with highest resistance automatically becomes lower than the ones with lowest path! What do you think?

[@sambitsa5025]

Its like you are giving a push to water from one side and it has two path to go. So the path where the water experiences less obstruction is the path where the amount of water flow will be more. Hope it helps:)

[@akedu-rw8kt]

please upload next episode of this

[@demiyoii1186]

hi sir, I have two questions.Can you please answer them 1.Why does charge accumulation happen?why don't they repel each other 2.Potential difference isn't constant in real batteries,right?

[@BruKfu]

this is great

[@themarvellous]

Thanks thanks ❤✨✨❤❤love you❤ your videos

[@TVSuchty]

That is a great explanation. But there is one kicker. Voltage drops within resistors. If the electric flux is the same everywhere in the wire, how can the voltage drops along a resistor. Surely the E-Field must drop within there...

[@crazy541]

8:03 but , you have told in a earlier video that electrons are everywhere, they have no room. So how they get room to accumulate?

[@acephysics123]

This is a great video, thank you. I have a question that you might be willing to answer. If you have two resistors in series the top do the first one will be positive and the bottom of the first one will be negative. What is the polarity of the second resistor? Is it’s top positive also?

[@tu7____________]

Sir, could you please make the same in depth video for series and parallel resisitors? Because I don‘t understand how if I add a resistor in parallel why does the current increase instead of decease? I know that the current takes every path but I would like to get the same Intuition from a in depth video like this one to make it realy clear how the electrons move or distribute during initial state and steady state for example.

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Thanks for the request, Tobias! Added it to the list!

[@tale_teller02]

Please make a fully detailed video on topics related to electromagnetic induction sir. Please it's a request. Specifically, motional emf is confusing me. ( At an advanced level. I will explain my confusion whenever u or someone else responds who can help me. Thanks alot).

[@arpittiwari3541]

Sir can you make a video on why a moving charge produces a magnetic field?

[@aryanraj441]

Check out khan academy India English channel for that;

[@G-Tarun]

@@aryanraj441 Yes! And the Khan Academy website for practice exercises: I'd really recommend using KA for practice, and videos to fill in conceptual gaps and address pain points in intuition for the core ideas.

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

That’s a really good question!

[@rogeriocosta1035]

And does it have an explanation? For me this is the ones of the laws of the universe that we can describe how it works, but cannot explain why exists yet, like the speed limit of the light or the existence of gravity.

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

@@rogeriocosta1035 I think special relativity can take it one step deeper! As per my understanding, electric & magnetic fields aren’t separate ‘things’. When you change reference frames, say a stationary one to a moving one, the electric field manifests itself as the magnetic field!

[@reaganpoe3350]

What i understand is the electrons actually move very little in the circuit and the actual power transference comes from the electro-magnetic field. Veritasium has a video on it with experiment to go with it.

[@vitalkozak6242]

Thank you!!!

[@mohammedalshkhwt8707]

Could you please explain the situation when there is no batter , for example when a voltage is induced by the elevtromagnetic effect and the voltage that induced by the transformer

[@careersscwalla520]

sounds like Khan academy. 😊 Wow u r the Khan academy love ur teaching .

[@demiyo8424]

In one of your videos,you said that potential difference in a ideal battery is constant But when the battery dies,the p.d. also drops. So how is p.d. constant here? (DC current)

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

An ideal battery doesn't die :D

[@biplobhimu]

That's the thing! 😮❤

[@kartheekpattigilli2759]

Finally , got the reason 🙏😌 ,,

[@ilanchen6583]

Trying to make sense of your explanation to why the force is along the wire. I don’t understand why in the lower wire the distribution is of positive charge surrounding the surface. The electrons are feeling the diagonal force hence its make sense they would redistribute on the surface? other point if the wire have very small resistance then the charge accumulation will better explain why the force is a long the wire even if the wire has different twist and turns

[@mogasatigopikrishna2025]

Hi sir, Thanks a lot for deep dive explanation. one question puzzling is how the like charges can accumulate at a point .?? Can you share your point of view. Though I am trying to relate to surface charge formation, still I am unable to convince who these like charges can get accumulated concentratedly at starting for resistor. Also it is not clear the site of accumulation is with in the resistor or before the resistor (conducting wire). I hope there should be definitely some logical answer to this , Please kindly help me to understand.

[@florentinosanchez3969]

great video

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Thanks!

[@AjayVarghese-o2y]

If charges are not accelerating in conductor which means Electric field must be zero and gauss law still hold

[@KailashiDevi-x6z]

Bro could you please create a video about resistance of battery and everything going inside it.

[@fgorn]

Oh, and could you also add the references or further reading to your deep dives? Would really help out!

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Oh yes, will do!

[@AmineAmine-pn7kf]

nice thanks

[@mogasatigopikrishna2025]

[Typo corrected] Hi sir, Thanks a lot for deep dive explanation. one question puzzling is how the like charges can accumulate at a point .?? Can you share your point of view. Though I am trying to relate to surface charge formation, still I am unable to convince HOW these like charges can get accumulated concentratedly at starting for resistor. Also it is not clear the site of accumulation is with in the resistor or before the resistor (conducting wire). I hope there should be definitely some logical answer to this , Please kindly help me to understand