How Did Apollo Avoid a Radiation Disaster?

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Curious Droid

Curious Droid

Күн бұрын

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Neil Armstrong's biggest fear about the Apollo missions was a solar occurring during the mission and although none of the missions was affected by such an event they were lucky through timing rather than anything else. This video looks at what might have happened if they might not have been so lucky and how we are trying to mitigate such effects happening on the up-coming Artemis lunar program in 2024.
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Written, Researched and Presented by Paul Shillito
Images and Footage : NASA, Troublemaker, Cancer Research UK, NISENet
And as always a big thank you also goes out to all our Patreons :-)
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@CuriousDroid
@CuriousDroid 3 жыл бұрын
A correction is in order as I said the gateway program was cancelled, this is not the case and it is due to be in place by the time of the Artemis program in 2024.
@Shazprime
@Shazprime 3 жыл бұрын
Also, a 10-Gy whole-body dose of ionizing radiation would result in almost certain death within 24-48 hours, with or without a bone marrow transplant and supportive care. Anything above 8 Grays is generally regarded as invariably fatal, and 10 is definitely in that territory. A dose of 4-6 Grays is generally where doctors and specialists try to do intensive interventions like colony stimulating factors, marrow transplants, and so on. Anything in the 10 Gy range would probably just be met with palliative care-- I believe that one's chance of survival at that high of a dose is something like less than one tenth of one percent, and that's *with* aggressive interventions. Then again, a lot of the events that have informed our medical knowledge of acute radiation sickness have been multiple-casualty in nature, Chernobyl, Hiroshima/Nagasaki, Castle Bravo fallout, and so on, meaning that such medicines were maybe reserved for those who the doctors thought had the best chance of survival. If it were just a one-victim event, maybe they'd get the kitchen sink thrown at their ARS, I just don't know. Just thought I'd add in that thought about 10 Grays being a tad more serious than you made it sound, thanks for the great video
@SaturnCanuck
@SaturnCanuck 3 жыл бұрын
That's good news
@Skoran
@Skoran 3 жыл бұрын
Came here to ask since I thought I totally missed it. Glad it's not cancelled. Thanks for the correction and your awesome content, learned so much because of you.
@MrVillabolo
@MrVillabolo 3 жыл бұрын
That's unfortunate. The gateway program is a waste of effort. Spacecraft should be able to go directly to the Moon without any steppingstones. The Moon itself is the practical steppingstone for missions further out.
@Shazprime
@Shazprime 3 жыл бұрын
@@MrVillabolo Well, in order to prep the Moon to be that stepping stone, you might need the Gateway as an interim step, no? But in all seriousness, there are so many reasons why all the manned missions put on or designed for TLI have been 2-spacecraft (orbiting tug + lunar lander)-- If you need to land your whole stack on the Moon, that means you need to carry enough fuel to lift the entire stack off the Moon again, and you need to have the whole stack certified for the entire complex process of launch, TLI, lunar landing, lunar ascent, and TEI, as well as being itself certified for reentry or having a second capsule anyway for reentry. It is orders of magnitude cheaper to break the stack into discrete pieces, each of which is designed for the environment and workload of each step in the mission. Imagine if you had to have a command and service module (CSM) that was designed not only to accomplish the big navigational burn to get back to Earth (TEI) (The reason I didn't include TLI is because the Apollo missions used the S-IVB third stage to perform its TLI burn, and I assume that Project Artemis will also use a stage to accomplish it too), as well as keep the crew safe in deep space for a week or more, and carry enough consumables for both the trip there and back, but ALSO be rigorously certified for lunar landings and ascents, as well as moderate-to-long duration stays on the lunar surface. Yikes. I know we've come a long way in materials science, engineering, rocketry, and a whole bunch of other things, but even to a casual observer this seems like an unrealistic vision. Also, such a spacecraft would almost certainly be expendable (i.e., not re-usable), so this ship, which would almost certainly be the most expensive spacecraft ever built, would be thrown straight into the garbage can right after it performed its duties. I'm not arguing that it's impossible, I just think that it makes so much more sense to do things another way in terms of a number of variables that it would simply never happen. However, if it did, it would be cool, not gonna lie.
@syx3s
@syx3s 3 жыл бұрын
it still amazes me after years of watching just how good paul is at making these. kudos to easily one of the best content creators on the internet.
@sean70729
@sean70729 3 жыл бұрын
I echo that sentiment he is a masterclass.
@tylerdurden4006
@tylerdurden4006 3 жыл бұрын
Lmfao, the best of the fake american propaganda you mean, this guy is always a joke 😂
@syx3s
@syx3s 3 жыл бұрын
@@tylerdurden4006 you're the only joke i can see right now. spout nonsense with no possible way to back it up.
@syx3s
@syx3s 3 жыл бұрын
@MichaelKingsfordGray yeah, aren't accents annoying?
@hayleyxyz
@hayleyxyz 3 жыл бұрын
Sign all YT comments thread devolve into childish insults. But yea, CD is a great channel. As a Brit, I appreciate the videos he does on British/European aerospace
@virutech32
@virutech32 3 жыл бұрын
carzy how much of early space exploration was basically just russion roulette. those astronauts & cosmonauts were some brave sob's.
@ronaldtartaglia4459
@ronaldtartaglia4459 3 жыл бұрын
No different than aviation of the time. We are just surrounded by pussies now.
@sean70729
@sean70729 3 жыл бұрын
True heroes they were.
@lennonwhitehead1352
@lennonwhitehead1352 3 жыл бұрын
There’s one above me.
@himarei
@himarei 3 жыл бұрын
That's what exploration is. The first explorers who sailed the high seas, without knowing what they were going to find, were also basically playing Russian roulette. Same thing can be said for those who explored Antarctica and mountain tops. Even when we were hunter-gatherer, it took incredible bravery and courage to explore unfamiliar new lands, with all the unknown dangers that could be there.
@SolarWebsite
@SolarWebsite 3 жыл бұрын
@@ronaldtartaglia4459 I guess we value human lives more these days, which in itself surely isn't a bad thing? Back then we risked human leaves for silly things like the cold war.
@HO-bndk
@HO-bndk 3 жыл бұрын
When I was a tiny little kid in the 70s watching James Burke talking about the Apollo "moonshots" on British TV, I thought the Van Allen belts were what astronauts used to keep their spacesuit pants from falling down! 😶
@JamesDOConnor1916
@JamesDOConnor1916 3 жыл бұрын
😅🤔😀👍🏻😎
@colinp2238
@colinp2238 3 жыл бұрын
You never read a Fantastic Four comic before then?
@aaronpetrinec9566
@aaronpetrinec9566 3 жыл бұрын
Best comment I have read in a long time. Funny, inoffensive, cute, apolitical, non vaccine, non covid, the list goes on ....🤣 Can I preorder 2 for xmas gifts?
@IvySnowFillyVideos
@IvySnowFillyVideos 3 жыл бұрын
😹
@brentgreeff1115
@brentgreeff1115 3 жыл бұрын
@@aaronpetrinec9566 - It is funny though, that we went to the moon, because its there. - but we are now too scared to go the grocery store without protective covering. - Man has really come a long way.
@CyberSystemOverload
@CyberSystemOverload 3 жыл бұрын
If we were taught science in school the way Paul presents these we'd all be in a STEM field by now! Well done Paul fabulous work bro. Please dont skip past the sponsorship message people :-) We must support the channel.
@Legitpenguins99
@Legitpenguins99 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah, i really wish i had access to most of the KZbin channels i watch now while I was still in school.
@paddor
@paddor 3 жыл бұрын
* Russian
@MostlyPennyCat
@MostlyPennyCat 3 ай бұрын
​@@Legitpenguins99 One of my hobbies as a child, which is now my career, was programming our home computer. The first computer we had, an Acorn BBC Micro Model B, came with a mountain of detailed programmers documentation and reference material. Everything you needed came with the computer. However, our _second_ computer was an Acorn BBC Archimedes A3000 This came with practically no programmer's documentation. So I could never really program it beyond what was the same between the two computers. Pre-Internet, so you're screwed, it's impossible without spending hundreds of pounds on documentation. And this ain't even know what documentation you should choose. That's what it was like back in the 80s and the start of the 90s, you just wouldn't any information
@livingcorpse5664
@livingcorpse5664 3 жыл бұрын
There are several projects working on generating plasma and using magnetism to wrap it around spacecraft in a bubble big enough for spacewalks. Yes, a real life force-field.
@davidelliott5843
@davidelliott5843 3 жыл бұрын
Apollo had a small fraction of the power needed to do this.
@steveaustin2686
@steveaustin2686 3 жыл бұрын
@@davidelliott5843 I believe Living Corpse is talking about research being done now for future missions.
@VTXHobbies
@VTXHobbies 3 жыл бұрын
@@davidelliott5843 obviously, that's not what OP said
@TTURocketDoc
@TTURocketDoc 3 жыл бұрын
one minor correction, NASA's Gateway project is not cancelled, it's just not on the "critical path". We're still working on it at JSC
@anthonyhitchings1051
@anthonyhitchings1051 3 жыл бұрын
gateway to nowhere, sad to say
@paulmichaelfreedman8334
@paulmichaelfreedman8334 3 жыл бұрын
The gateway hardware can be made obsolete by using a modified starship that can dock multiple earth-moon shuttles and landers. And be much cheaper. Once that idea has fully settled into the heads of the decision makers, the outcome seems simple to me.
@markchip1
@markchip1 3 жыл бұрын
Rather than a full spheroid of water shielding around the entire craft, would it not be more practical to have a limited area, and quite literal, partial shield of all the craft's water reserves to shelter the crew behind for a few hours?
@conradmcdougall3629
@conradmcdougall3629 3 жыл бұрын
The LEM spun in what was referred to as a "barbecue roll" to avoid overheating from the sun. That water shield wouldn't work if in just 1 spot. Good idea though.
@RtB68
@RtB68 3 жыл бұрын
@@conradmcdougall3629 ...so my old waterbed won't cut it? It's been through so much I thought a solar flare would be easy peasy.
@kirkc9643
@kirkc9643 3 жыл бұрын
When fuelled Starship will have a lot of liquid methane onboard...something that is also packed with Hydrogen.
@davidsoom1551
@davidsoom1551 3 жыл бұрын
You can't shield behind something against Galactic Cosmic Radiation, it comes from every direction and the Solar radiation, well read about what happens when it encounters the materials of the craft. You can't just duck behind something and be safe.
@DLWELD
@DLWELD 3 жыл бұрын
@@RtB68 You just have to be under the water bed to have it work.
@MashX.
@MashX. 3 жыл бұрын
Where do you get such sick T-shirts? I really need a dozen.
@toiletpapermerchant9310
@toiletpapermerchant9310 3 жыл бұрын
i think its by some company called madcap. he has mentioned it in his older videos
@Dethred1
@Dethred1 3 жыл бұрын
Probably from Dan Flashes
@jasnterry1313
@jasnterry1313 3 жыл бұрын
Atom Retro, he has a link to them in his old videos
@MashX.
@MashX. 3 жыл бұрын
@MichaelKingsfordGray what in tarnation do you mean?
@mitseraffej5812
@mitseraffej5812 3 жыл бұрын
The big message is how vital and thin our protective blanket of air is.
@dnomyarnostaw
@dnomyarnostaw 3 жыл бұрын
Its not the Air that's protective!
@mitseraffej5812
@mitseraffej5812 3 жыл бұрын
@@dnomyarnostaw The air is not the only protection but it certainly plays a big part. Of course without the magnetic field the air would soon been blown off.
@oremooremo5075
@oremooremo5075 3 жыл бұрын
Most people get suprised when I tell them how we can only survive upto 3km in the air.
@mitseraffej5812
@mitseraffej5812 3 жыл бұрын
@@oremooremo5075 Yep, after driving to the summit of Mt Haleakala on Maui, elevation almost exactly 3,000metres, I walk down into the crater. I thought I was going to die on the climb back up to the car park.
@oremooremo5075
@oremooremo5075 3 жыл бұрын
@@mitseraffej5812 It really strikes in the idea that life is barely making it on Earth
@stephenpage-murray7226
@stephenpage-murray7226 3 жыл бұрын
Top drawer as usual.
@markdaywaltjr.5707
@markdaywaltjr.5707 3 жыл бұрын
Both in well researched content, and apparel!
@AinsleyHarriott1
@AinsleyHarriott1 3 жыл бұрын
Like my socks👍
@andrewpearson3598
@andrewpearson3598 3 жыл бұрын
Great video Paul. Learned so much watching your vids.
@xrayaiz74
@xrayaiz74 3 жыл бұрын
I have often wondered how the 1st Apollo mission dealt with the Van-Allen belt around Earth. Now I know that there is no escape from it but instead one must navigate through it to make it to the Moon and other places in the solar system. Odysseus had Scylla and Charybdis and we have cosmic radiation in myriad forms. Thank you for showing the extent of the effects of the solar flare from the 50s here on Earth. That scale of power is unimaginable when you think that it caused over 4,000 magnetically-triggered naval mines to explode within a short time of each other. Satellite circuitry was cooked, solar panels were hammered by charged particles that essentially aged them, digital communications were extensively disrupted. It's an example of how far we have to go scientifically to understand the basic mechanics of the universe...not even that, just stars as a beginning. It's humbling under no uncertain terms but awe-inspiring at the same time. It's why I like Star Trek (original series)-- their slogan wraps the whole idea up by the phrase "to boldly go, where no man has gone before."
@Leg239
@Leg239 3 жыл бұрын
This guy always has the most awesome content and shirts. Please sell them or put up a link
@DLWELD
@DLWELD 3 жыл бұрын
Come for the content - stay for the shirts.
@aw9680
@aw9680 2 жыл бұрын
Paul have you done an episode on the craziness that is our sun? I bet you'd do it proud.
@spock6734
@spock6734 3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating! 🖖🏼
@wizzardofpaws2420
@wizzardofpaws2420 3 жыл бұрын
So happy to see a Droid video pop up! I click the like button before I even watch it
@sean70729
@sean70729 3 жыл бұрын
Always delightful to catch one quickly.
@sean70729
@sean70729 3 жыл бұрын
Appreciate your great work. This is my favorite channell that never fails to align with my interests how delightful it is to have such a great and knowledgeble narrater, you are proof that Gen X people are our greatest hope for the future.
@iwishyouwould6937
@iwishyouwould6937 3 жыл бұрын
Cheers mate. Love your stories. You always answer questions that usually get lost in the wash but are massively fascinating.
@michaelhowell2326
@michaelhowell2326 3 жыл бұрын
I just can't wrap my head around the fact some people think it was faked.
@GottEddy
@GottEddy 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah the camera team was already waiting on the moon when they landed on there.
@jr2904
@jr2904 3 жыл бұрын
Especially when the Soviets would have called out any fakes, yet we've still got idiots out there denying it lol. In the same league as flat earthers
@samsonsoturian6013
@samsonsoturian6013 3 жыл бұрын
They don't. They're trolling you. Some of them think it's funny, others it's an ego thing where they'd say the sky is red if that was the fad.
@fishie3799
@fishie3799 3 жыл бұрын
@@samsonsoturian6013 Nah man, you browse enough KZbin comments and you'll run into some dead serious Moon Landing hoaxers, they all spout the same 3 misinformed talking points they don't understand and they refuse to listen to any contrary evidence. It makes them feel special to be "in the know," even if they're completely wrong.
@kirkc9643
@kirkc9643 3 жыл бұрын
Never underestimate the level of dumb that is possible.
@Waterratt4344
@Waterratt4344 Жыл бұрын
Just found this page, excellent video and thank you for providing additional information regarding the solar flares and dangers of solar radiation. Looking forward to watching more of your videos!!
@philvanderheit5985
@philvanderheit5985 3 жыл бұрын
Congratulations for your 1 Million subscribers, it's fully deserved ! Greetings from Lausanne.
@nigeldepledge3790
@nigeldepledge3790 Жыл бұрын
Surely the best way to provide shielding for a long-term base on the moon would be to bury it under half a metre of regolith.
@samworthy5891
@samworthy5891 3 жыл бұрын
As always fantastic content. Informative, and brilliantly read. The work you must do in putting these videos together. Great Stuff Curious Droid.
@NLynchOEcake
@NLynchOEcake 3 жыл бұрын
4:06 "these ionizing particles can rip us to shreds at the molecular level, or damage the things that make us money which is why it matters so much" nice
@livingcorpse5664
@livingcorpse5664 3 жыл бұрын
The one way to get the point across the people funding you if they don't care about human life. Stop appealing to their hearts and appeal to their wallet.
@Ganiscol
@Ganiscol 3 жыл бұрын
Since there is nobody sitting in a satellite, the damage it causes to electronics is all that matters for that matter - space isnt just about astronauts. Its fair to point that out, because more people on earth depend on the cloud of sats above us than there are people up there. And make no mistake: working communications and sat nav protect and literally safe hundreds of thousands of lives on earth every day. Watch everything go down the shitter if a flare takes out a large chunk of satellites in our day and age...
@livingcorpse5664
@livingcorpse5664 3 жыл бұрын
@@Ganiscol Spacecraft.
@ProfSimonHolland
@ProfSimonHolland 3 жыл бұрын
good one...lots of excellent information
@StevenRud
@StevenRud 3 жыл бұрын
I just LOVE this channel!!! The information is so extraordinarily and fantastically presented, editing, and narration are superb!!! Thanks for the great video!👍🏻👍🏻😎😎
@NSPlayer
@NSPlayer 3 жыл бұрын
Yay more space related stuff :D
@LambChopRides
@LambChopRides 3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting loved that Paul 👍
@JayMaverick
@JayMaverick 3 жыл бұрын
Fine tuned universe for humans indeed. Space is crazy.
@richwatts8824
@richwatts8824 3 жыл бұрын
Earth is fine-tuned for humans, most of the universe is not
@oremooremo5075
@oremooremo5075 3 жыл бұрын
@@richwatts8824 Earth is no where near being fine tuned for any life. I mean have you ever tried staying naked for long periods of time. There are only a few places in the world suitable for living. Humans have been cheating the system since they invented stone tools and started reshaping the enviroment into what they want.
@Cenourafnord
@Cenourafnord 3 жыл бұрын
Eu adoro o formato desses mini documentários, espero um dia ver você em um grande canal de TV.
@jungleb
@jungleb 2 жыл бұрын
O conteúdo do Paul Shilito é tão bom quando o gosto dele por camisetas!
@Cracks094
@Cracks094 3 жыл бұрын
I really hope they give you the opportunity to appear as a guest narrator on some of the MagellanTV documentaries, you really deserve more spotlight. Amazing content and incredibly interesting to watch each and every video.
@donaldbadowski290
@donaldbadowski290 3 жыл бұрын
This was covered in the James Michener book Space, published in 1982. Not one of his best works, but still interesting. It covers a fictional Apollo 18 mission where the lander crew has used the lunar rover to its maximum distance when they get the word the flare is on its way. They head back as fast as they can, make it to the lander and take off, but the radiation makes them sick and they crash back to the Moon. The pilot in the command module has to watch as it happens, but makes it back to Earth because of the stronger protection he has from the heat shielding. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(Michener_novel)
@spencerwingfield1494
@spencerwingfield1494 3 жыл бұрын
12:51 Did I miss the memo that Gateway was cancelled? NASA finalized the contract for HALO like last month.
@exploshin6
@exploshin6 3 жыл бұрын
I was thinking the same thing lol, had to go look it up to make sure I hadn't missed something
@simongeard4824
@simongeard4824 3 жыл бұрын
I was wondering the same thing. The last I heard, it was "off the critical path", meaning that Artemis would proceed without waiting for the station be be built... but the intention was still to build it. That's pretty close to "cancelled", but not quite the same.
@spencerwingfield1494
@spencerwingfield1494 3 жыл бұрын
@@simongeard4824 Right, but with the now announced delay in building the xEMU suits I could see them coming online about the same time
@mocko69
@mocko69 3 жыл бұрын
Wondering the same haha, Gateway wasn't canceled at all! Maybe he confused it with the Constellation program?
@jimmyfreemantle879
@jimmyfreemantle879 3 жыл бұрын
I had the same thought. it seems like it wasnt that long ago that spacex had tendered the dragon xl for resupplying the gateway. I do believe it will be cancelled though as it will be seriously expensive to build and resupply. Unless Nasa give spacex sole rights to assemble and resupply the gateway and we all know their competitors wont let that fly..
@frankgulla2335
@frankgulla2335 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you, Paul, for an excellent reports with lots of Apollo details and a minimum of 'sturm and drang'.
@BarrettCharlebois
@BarrettCharlebois 3 жыл бұрын
I like your presentation style. Pacing is good, scripting is good. Consistency is flawless (which as a business nerd is a fantastic quality to see in anyone). You do good work.
@Private-GtngxNMBKvYzXyPq
@Private-GtngxNMBKvYzXyPq 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Thank you.
@gflo2781
@gflo2781 3 жыл бұрын
Paul - is there any way you could do a video on how the landing modules were able to find and dock with the command module again, following landing on the moon's surface. This is something that is quite an achievement given the limited tech back then, and ability to have even practiced and perfected the technique before putting it into practice. Despite the numerous other challenges of the Apollo missions, this was always one of ones that intrigued me, and actually had me doubt the feasibility of such an achievement in a time without any of the complex navigation equipment we have today even. Great video as always!
@ann_onn
@ann_onn 3 жыл бұрын
I hope he will too, but meanwhile, Vintage Space has a nice video about it. kzbin.info/www/bejne/d5SXaHydeJhso5o
@gflo2781
@gflo2781 3 жыл бұрын
@@ann_onn appreciate it, cheers!
@oremooremo5075
@oremooremo5075 3 жыл бұрын
Most of the navigation instruments and concepts had been invented in the aviation industry it was just a matter of adapting them for space flight
@SlashHarkenUltra
@SlashHarkenUltra Жыл бұрын
Mechjeb
@jungleb
@jungleb 3 жыл бұрын
For All Mankind Feelings! Love your videos
@Sn-ue2pd
@Sn-ue2pd 3 жыл бұрын
I had this argument with some imbecile who kept highlighting the showstopper talk with Marco Durante which 'proved' the apollo missions were faked. Kept dishing ad homenim attacks and calling me a "zelot" (I think it was a new word for him as he used it in every comment) and repeatedly posting a picture of cell DNA being damaged by heavy iron ions, completely ignoring that everything else existed. Was pure jokes.
@RedShirt230
@RedShirt230 3 жыл бұрын
I can't tell you how much I enjoy your videos. Top quality all the time.
@jameshansen1903
@jameshansen1903 3 жыл бұрын
I remember a cheesy made-for-TV movie from my childhood about the first lunar colony surviving a major solar flare, and a pair of children shielded themselves from the radiation by hiding between large water storage tanks. Turns out it was called Plymouth and it aired on ABC in 1991.
@singletona082
@singletona082 3 жыл бұрын
In fairness depending on tank orientation that is an excellent strategy since water is one of the best insulating materials against radiation.
@karlbrundage7472
@karlbrundage7472 3 жыл бұрын
I lived for 10+ years within 100' of a nuclear reactor with a water/fuel tank between us. I received less ionizing radiation during that period than a person who likes to sunbathe on the beach in the Summer for the same timeframe. Water and, especially, hydrocarbons make for superb radiation shielding. Russian submariners I interact with curse the designers of their boats for not incorporating the water and fuel tanks into the reactor shielding. I lament the number of my brothers in the submarine community who suffer today for that shortfall..................
@tomf3150
@tomf3150 3 жыл бұрын
So we need water and hydrogen rich plastics.
@JoshuaC923
@JoshuaC923 3 жыл бұрын
Still one of the best channel intros, keep up the good content
@Enevan1968
@Enevan1968 3 жыл бұрын
Great video and great shirt, as always.
@allniterz9248
@allniterz9248 3 жыл бұрын
5 rem at the time. Modern radiation workers have a limit of 2 rem in the US
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface 3 жыл бұрын
pffft. 2 rem?? pussies. I bet they don't even smoke while they drink and drive. disgusting.
@highcap4952
@highcap4952 3 жыл бұрын
Nice and interesting video!
@onionknight2239
@onionknight2239 3 жыл бұрын
Another great educational and informative video. You guys are awesome 👍
@roamtheplanet67
@roamtheplanet67 3 жыл бұрын
May we have a link to where you got your shirt from, please, Paul! I like it!
@12345.......
@12345....... 3 жыл бұрын
Most of his shirts are at Madcap england. They have great shipping to the US also
@twisterwiper
@twisterwiper 3 жыл бұрын
Love the subtle mockery of the conspiracy theorists. Much appreciated 😂
@leonardgibney2997
@leonardgibney2997 3 жыл бұрын
Yes, but mostly they get called 'morons' or 'imbeciles'. I was raised Catholic and in that faith, heretics were burned at the stake.
@rogerdevries8883
@rogerdevries8883 3 жыл бұрын
BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU HEAR ON THE NEWS! REMEMBER TO NOT QUESTION ANYTHING!
@rogerdevries8883
@rogerdevries8883 3 жыл бұрын
@@colinsouthern very poor analogy.
@rogerdevries8883
@rogerdevries8883 3 жыл бұрын
@@colinsouthern i do believe in the moon landings and the space race, my issue is mostly with the general term “conspiracy theorists” which is a contrived term that lumps any critical thinker into a group that can then be disregarded as a whole. I misinterpreted the context of your comment.
@rogerdevries8883
@rogerdevries8883 3 жыл бұрын
@@colinsouthern that first sentence completely invalidates your whole argument. You do the exact same thing every day all day. You seek out info that validates your opinion
@CalvinMaclure
@CalvinMaclure 3 жыл бұрын
Bloody crazy to imagine that the most technologically advanced and sophisticated stuff ever achieved survived one of the greatest threats by essentially "rolling the dice". Unreal.
@Ganiscol
@Ganiscol 3 жыл бұрын
Our existence as a species is the result of millions of galactic dice rolls. The odds on this one were really good. 😎
@carlsnyder3419
@carlsnyder3419 3 жыл бұрын
what a surprise video-addition for my apollo-collection 🎖
@michaelhowell2326
@michaelhowell2326 3 жыл бұрын
When you say there is "essentially" no atmosphere does that mean that there is a hint of a lunar atmosphere?
@RCAvhstape
@RCAvhstape 3 жыл бұрын
I read that there actually is a very slight wisp of atmosphere on the Moon, so thin as to be negligible.
@itsmers
@itsmers 3 жыл бұрын
Some particles floating above the surface would make a very low density atmosphere. That's just what I thought of. Particles of rocks and sand whatever is on the surface
@napdaw
@napdaw 3 жыл бұрын
Guess it depends how one defines atmosphere?
@DeputyNordburg
@DeputyNordburg 3 жыл бұрын
There are gas particles. If you want to call it an atmosphere it's trillions of times thinner than Earths.
@UmbraHand
@UmbraHand 3 жыл бұрын
As a matter of fact, in lunar soil, you can find oxygen that originated in Earth's atmosphere, as that oxygen is part of the exosphere of the earth. Every low earth orbit satellite, including the ISS, actually have thrusters as they experience very small drag from gases from the exosphere and thermosphere, which with prolonged exposure, would bring them down eventually.
@jean-huguesbouchard1045
@jean-huguesbouchard1045 3 жыл бұрын
Always well researched content👍
@missnomer3770
@missnomer3770 3 жыл бұрын
hallelujah... I'm rightfully overwhelmed by your explanations, Paul!!
@nicolasmahdavian1793
@nicolasmahdavian1793 3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting and detailed video. Thanks
@franklogan494
@franklogan494 3 жыл бұрын
The Astronauts survived the Radiation, by wearing Tin Foil Suits.
@tmenzella
@tmenzella 3 жыл бұрын
The most interest provoking channel I’ve discovered. The information packed content is as diverse as this chaps wardrobe. Big fan here 👍🏻
@monas4734
@monas4734 3 жыл бұрын
@2:18 Walhalla, Donaustauf, Germany. Beautiful Place.
@davemeeks8109
@davemeeks8109 3 жыл бұрын
The 3 kill shots CMEs from the Sun in July were nothing to laugh about and right up there with July 23 2012 CME event that could have burnt this planet to the ground within 6 months if the CMEs multiple burst were timed a few hours difference.
@davemeeks8109
@davemeeks8109 3 жыл бұрын
Just like class and intelligence never made it into your world.
@jonkayl9416
@jonkayl9416 2 жыл бұрын
Great video. Thank you for making.
@N1njaSnake
@N1njaSnake 3 жыл бұрын
And I thought that scene in For All Mankind was scary enough
@PrototypeOnDemand
@PrototypeOnDemand 3 жыл бұрын
My Guy is Back another lit video !
@shodan1337
@shodan1337 3 жыл бұрын
Great video and shirt. Always look forward to your uploads
@MetalRenard
@MetalRenard 3 жыл бұрын
Fantastic as always!
@DavidNagy03ER
@DavidNagy03ER 3 жыл бұрын
12:50 Gateway is not cancelled, it’s in active development with the first launch in 2024
@shedactivist
@shedactivist 3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating piece as usual. However, you leave me worrying about the crew on the ISS. I get that there is some protection from the magnetosphere but they must be at risk of significant solar activity. How about a follow-up to deal with that topic.
@ann_onn
@ann_onn 3 жыл бұрын
ISS is below the Van Allen belts.
@shedactivist
@shedactivist 3 жыл бұрын
@@ann_onn Thanks for that. It would have been a very short video in that case.
@tribiz6762
@tribiz6762 3 жыл бұрын
Curious droid posting Apollo stuff, time to spark a blunt real quick
@ChaoticOrcPaladin
@ChaoticOrcPaladin 3 жыл бұрын
::passes you the bong::
@drmantistoboggan2870
@drmantistoboggan2870 3 жыл бұрын
MAY AS WELL JUST DO HEROIN!
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface 3 жыл бұрын
@@drmantistoboggan2870 haha what the...? calm down mom
@drmantistoboggan2870
@drmantistoboggan2870 3 жыл бұрын
@@ScumfuckMcDoucheface ITS THE SAME THING!
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface 3 жыл бұрын
@@drmantistoboggan2870 umm, no? haha no, it's not?... having smoked/snorted/injected many many ounces of heroin and smoked/injested many many pounds of marijuana... I can indeed declare that heroin and marijuana are in fact different things... I promise. haha
@Semicon07
@Semicon07 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Paul, this was great as always....long time sub, first time commenter! lol
@tonylalangue6243
@tonylalangue6243 3 жыл бұрын
Most FET transistors are hardened to radiation. I did a thesis trying to use a less hardened one as a radiation dosimeter. The experiment was a flop. My suspicion was that either I was given the wrong transistors, or the premise was wrong. Doses of up to a million rad of gamma radiation, induced at the Chalk River reactor, didn’t produce a significant change in the transistor’s threshold.voltage. My experiment was based on too much that was out of my hands.
@sheldoniusRex
@sheldoniusRex 3 жыл бұрын
In b4 flat earthers.
@francoisg3009
@francoisg3009 2 жыл бұрын
Verry good narrator! Thank you🙂
@aw9680
@aw9680 2 жыл бұрын
Why do the non-believers even believe that the van Allen belts exist? Isn't it ALL a conspiracy? Lol.
@philanimhlongo6774
@philanimhlongo6774 3 жыл бұрын
Congrats on the 1M subscribers
@candyquahogmarshmallow8257
@candyquahogmarshmallow8257 3 жыл бұрын
Its a sad day that Curious has to account for flat earthers in his presentation of space travel, but, alas, they seem the loudest (and thankfully) minority. Good video as usual Curious Droid🖒
@nickinportland
@nickinportland 3 жыл бұрын
Hey why not they are fun to beat with some cold hard scientific facts.
@jimmym3352
@jimmym3352 3 жыл бұрын
Flat Earthers are different from Moon Landing is faked conspiracy theorist. Not that I agree with any of them. Just pointing out while some may believe in both conspiracies, they don't necessarily believe in both. Flat Earthers are the worst since that is easily disproved by looking at the stars in the night sky (Polaris is a the easy one to disprove their theories). Apollo landing conspiracy you have to provide more facts to before they realize they are just dumb internet trolls.
@paulhaynes5029
@paulhaynes5029 3 жыл бұрын
@@jimmym3352 Do flat earthers think the moon is flat as well then?
@oremooremo5075
@oremooremo5075 3 жыл бұрын
@@paulhaynes5029 The difference between a flat earther and a moon hoax conspirasist is the model of reality they believe in. Moan hoax believe in a spherical earth, their argument is that we did not have the technological capability to land on the moon at the time. A flat earther denies all reality and insist that the earth is flat. Most them use the moon hoax conspiracies to hedge the arguments.
@candyquahogmarshmallow8257
@candyquahogmarshmallow8257 3 жыл бұрын
@@rickyecook59 its not that i want people 'thinking like me' - i want people to stop believing in nonsense. Trust science and not flat earthers on youtube or antivaxxers etc. The fact that you're defending them kinda makes you the odd one.
@cripplegunsmith1
@cripplegunsmith1 3 жыл бұрын
Those X class flares scare the hell out of me! If one were to hit our planet, we would lose KZbin, cellphones, tv, hot water and all the other comforts of western civilization. E.M.P.'s and solar flares are the biggest threat we could ever face....well, besides volcanoes and earthquakes.
@Cheka__
@Cheka__ 3 жыл бұрын
You don't have to worry about solar radiation when you're staging the moon landing from a Hollywood film set
@UmbraHand
@UmbraHand 3 жыл бұрын
Meanwhile, the US government was in cahoots with the Soviets, who could have easily called it a fake. What next, are you going to talks about the Reptitlian, Grey, Hollow Earth, Shadow, Cloud people who rule the earth?
@samsonsoturian6013
@samsonsoturian6013 3 жыл бұрын
Go away
@paulhaynes5029
@paulhaynes5029 3 жыл бұрын
Even as we speak, NASA is secrectly preparing to get a replica Apollo 11 LEM base, plus flag, etc onto the moon, so that it can be 'found' there when the first Starship lands. Although, come to think of it, it would be lot cheaper just to use the old film lot and borrow a spare Starship off that nice Mr Musk...
@samsonsoturian6013
@samsonsoturian6013 3 жыл бұрын
@@paulhaynes5029 you mind lending me that crystal ball when you're done with it?
@paulhaynes5029
@paulhaynes5029 3 жыл бұрын
@@colinsouthern you missed my (perhaps too subtle?) sarcasm.
@kevincassidy198
@kevincassidy198 3 жыл бұрын
Such terrific content!!
@HerbertWest99
@HerbertWest99 3 жыл бұрын
strong effort indeed, another good and informative video Paul !
@DarrylHart
@DarrylHart 3 жыл бұрын
Easy Paul, there's no radiation in a studio that's why.
@cameronmtb
@cameronmtb 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent!!
@ChaJ67
@ChaJ67 3 жыл бұрын
What you do for a long term mission like SpaceX HLS is to surround yourself with supplies, especially consumables. A multi-month mission will actually come with a lot of material that can be used for radiation shielding. If you are ever in a food warehouse, that food blocks everything. Kind of a problem when you need WiFi in the warehouse as WiFi does not pass through pallets of food very well at all. Astronauts also need an oxygen and water supply. As the mission drags on, whatever human waste is not recycled will need to be held onto if possible to use as radiation shielding. You would only discard right before blasting off to return to Earth. (Hopefully whatever you stick that in doesn't leak / get punctured.) In an HLS mission you would likely line Starship with consumables and then have a 'bunker' area where there is extra protection. They already do this kind of stuff on the ISS. If you really want to do space colonization, we are going to need to invest in more advanced engines and a space station where we can do orbital construction in pressurized areas. A thought I had for the pressurized area goes to existing plans and demonstrations for inflatable modules. When you get up to Starship scale, you can potentially haul up a huge inflatable hanger / space dock module with attachment points for more rigid workshop modules with manufacturing equipment in them. The idea would be the inflatable area would be where you do your construction work in a pressurized space so you don't need space suits and the workshop modules would be where parts of what you are building are crafted and say for 3D printing may even extend out into the inflatable area as it is fabricated. The idea for the workshop modules is they would be built on Earth and then simply docked in space to the large inflatable module. You would also have a large airlock module to bring in supplies from cargo Starships and probably have a big zipper type deal so a large completed item such as a spaceship can leave the inflatable module. When you start looking into how to get around the solar system, especially beyond the Moon, nuclear options quickly show up as a way to get high ISP and reasonably good thrust. While chemical propellant can potentially double as a radiation shield, once it is expended to make your ship go somewhere, it is not there to protect you. Depending on the nuclear option used, you can potentially have the performance needed to haul around a permanent radiation shield. You would probably still use consumables and such to help out with that shielding, but always having some, especially a significant amount of shielding by default is better than basically no shielding by default. Nuclear propulsion can also cut down transit times, lessening the need for shielding as the trip / mission is not as long. Chemical on the other hand has the equations break down real quick as you need more delta-V, especially for return trips or even fast transit around the solar system. This is as in you can go orders of magnitude bigger in the amount of propellant you start off compared to the payload mass and only go marginally faster / still not have enough propellant to make the return trip once you get to your destination in the solar system. The only reason we have managed to get probes up to significant speeds in the past using chemical propulsion is they actually spent years doing carefully planned slingshot maneuvers with planets in the solar system, which still means years to decades to get to their destination in the solar system. At this the Voyager spacecraft used an extremely rare orbital alignment to do what it did and so were launched when that rare alignment occurred with haste as it was known it was a once in a lifetime type deal to do. So yeah getting back to nuclear propulsion provides the opportunity to get to useful solar system speeds and even propellant left over for the return trip while still leaving room for permanent radiation shielding schemes.
@DimBeam1
@DimBeam1 3 жыл бұрын
1:51 START
@daveb9211
@daveb9211 3 жыл бұрын
I absolutely look forward to all of your videos. I love learning and the information you provide massages my brain 😊👍 Thank you!!!
@davidcarbonnel6396
@davidcarbonnel6396 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Paul.
@packrat2569
@packrat2569 3 жыл бұрын
Outstanding content as always. Thank you Paul.
@raoulduke6043
@raoulduke6043 3 жыл бұрын
How are the solar flare events managed at the International Space Station?
@ann_onn
@ann_onn 3 жыл бұрын
ISS is below the Van Allen belts - mostly. Therefore, it's protected from solar events, same as we are on Earth. Occasionlly, it passes through the South Atlantic Anomaly. It can make their laptops crash. Cosmic rays cause the cameras to fail; you'll see dead/stuck pixels. But it's not a huge problem... inside the belts. Outside, it's a problem. It's an 'acceptable risk' for a few days, like Apollo, but it's a big issue for longer-term missions. Like going to Mars, which will take about 6 months.
@conors4430
@conors4430 3 жыл бұрын
I only just learned about the Carrington event. Terrifying to think what havoc it could cause in the 21st-century. Let alone being in space when something that size comes
@kirkc9643
@kirkc9643 3 жыл бұрын
Perhaps, but just try to imagine the incredible benefits to humanity of a world without twitter.
@conors4430
@conors4430 3 жыл бұрын
@@kirkc9643 incredible benefits to a world without social media at all
@PMA65537
@PMA65537 3 жыл бұрын
4:30 galactic cosmic rays = GSRs ?
@michaeldelp9651
@michaeldelp9651 3 жыл бұрын
You are correct, it is GCR.
@garymcaleer6112
@garymcaleer6112 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent post, CD. Thank you.
@metallicamadsam
@metallicamadsam 3 жыл бұрын
really nice episode. thankyou!
@josephastier7421
@josephastier7421 Жыл бұрын
To avoid the chance of solar CMEs killing the Apollo crews, we only flew at night.
@markitoxi
@markitoxi 3 жыл бұрын
This is a very well put mini documentary, by the way A LOT of recent studies show that this cosmic rays and particularly solar particles, electric and magnetic field, have a VERY large influence on earths climate which hasn’t been considered in most of the governing climate models.
@paulhaynes5029
@paulhaynes5029 3 жыл бұрын
Not sure that's going to matter much in a few year's time...
@williamchamberlain2263
@williamchamberlain2263 3 жыл бұрын
citations would be nices
@matthieuregnauld9648
@matthieuregnauld9648 3 жыл бұрын
Very intersting! I've learned a lot, thanks!
@dr.michaellittle5611
@dr.michaellittle5611 3 жыл бұрын
Outstanding video !
@Sonofdonald2024
@Sonofdonald2024 3 жыл бұрын
Would love to see a video on the Apollo applications programme discussing the proposed Venus flyby. Very little in the way of decent videos on the subject available
@S1nwar
@S1nwar 3 жыл бұрын
4:20 1000nm architecture how cute
@steveshoemaker6347
@steveshoemaker6347 3 жыл бұрын
Another excellent video....Thanks very much......!
@slakingfool
@slakingfool 3 жыл бұрын
That shirt is epic!
@hagerty1952
@hagerty1952 3 жыл бұрын
Tiny nit: Explorer I was launched in 1958, not '57.
@lohphat
@lohphat 3 жыл бұрын
Would it be feasible to construct small person-sized capsules in the ISS which are surrounded by the fresh water stores to wait out passing flares?
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