How did Architecture change in the late Roman Empire?

[@reubenmatthews5615]

God, Classical Roman Architecture NEEDS to come back. The Baths of Diocletian you showed looked so stunning I could not believe it.

[@tatrankaska2305]

Look around your town, if you live in Europe or America. 17th, 18th and 19th century architecture was full of buildings based on the classical Roman style. The ornamental part of them is largely inspired or completely copied, though the overall shape may be different..

[@Bidmartinlo]

​@@tatrankaska2305 Even those buildings who almost completely copy the Roman architectural style fails to give the same feeling of breath and exploration like the Roman buildings. I've never visited any of these places myself, but those that copy Roman architecture makes it feel like it's all private works rather than buildings meant to "breathe" and be visited. Like much of Washington DC. Although I admire and respect the attempt, yet it feels more like the architecture is it's own thing. It feels grand, but more oppressive and empty. While Roman buildings are always surrounded by other buildings, they are decorated, they have several different colors and they often have a simple gimmick making the building more interesting. There are even Roman buildings that feel more like home that are simply there for the sake of one purpose (just entertainment, bath or worship) and then there are multiple purposes. It's all barbarian imitations, because that's what earns us money. Very few love their homes like the Romans did, it's just a place where we live until we can find or build the dream home we'll never find because it doesn't exist. Simply put, our modern world is made to make money... not to be enjoyed or even loved. We are only told to love and enjoy it.

[@puffthemagiclepton7534]

What's more. The Baths of Diocletian was 'small' compared to the Baths of Caracalla.

[@reubenmatthews5615]

@@Bidmartinlo I think the biggest example of this is Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas. The most kitschy, depressing imitation of a classical Roman building. It's actually kind of fascinating.

[@crazybalalaika8143]

​@@Bidmartinlo While I agree with many things you said, you have to keep in mind most Romans lived in rent appartments (insulae) and they've rather spent their whole day at work and where at home only to sleep, so there wasn't much love to their own home everywhere there. I guess what you think of is the importance of their public buildings or the homes of the rich in Pompei (which was kind of a place comparable to Beverly Hills or something like that, as many famous or rich people lived there).

[@leonardodavid2842]

The baths of Diocletian are actually still standing. The outside marble was stripped to built churches, but the inside has mostly been preserved (although transformed into a church and simplified in style, with the affrescos gone and statuary removed).

[@alienbishop]

Only Part of it stands, but yes, that part is structurally very well preserved

[@kaloarepo288]

Michelangelo redesigned it and now it's the basilica of Saint Mary of the Angels and where Italians of distinction are given state funerals -the baths of Caracalla are where open air opera performances are given during the warmer months.

[@bgdxmas]

Maxentius's basilica is obviously already a departure from the classical Greco-Roman architecture. In my view it actually represents the point of departure, being somewhat revolutionary, even if it keeps the ornamental part (statues and other decorations) unchanged. As you already mentioned, it has a complex functionality, but also it has a different structure, based on arches and vaults. Later Christian churches simply copied this structure. Well documented, congrats!

[@GBart]

I was just in Rome looking at these buildings - they are SO MUCH BIGGER in person. I was just staring with my jaw on the ground. - Five stories of precisely laid bricks, arches as wide as a house, massive columns of granite that medieval christians couldn't take down despite their best efforts... It's impressive af

[@infinitelink]

"medieval peasants and interlopers" -- some of the Chronicles of Germanic tribes that weren't exactly Christian in the post-Roman/early medieval era mentioning "gods" are thought to be instances of "found this big arch thing, tried as best we could to knock it over, we couldn't so the gods must have made it." With Rome's disappearance all its decaying grandeur and earthquake wreckage became no more than a giant open air landfill of materials for whoever was still left alive to harness as best they could (and emergetic, aggressive, but somewhat stupid roaving bands to write into sagas about their encounters with divine things).

[@SoulEternalPeaceWarrior77]

Right? Just imagine Rome in the 4th century AD. The beauty of the marble statues, fountains, baths, temples, etc. There will never be another more beautiful city again, they took it to the highest levels possible.

[@kaloarepo288]

Actually I had a German friend who said he was disappointed by the size of the Colosseum when he saw it -he had imagined it was a lot bigger from the photos and drawings!

[@alienbishop]

@@kaloarepo288 :D

[@atlantic_love]

Impressive language, quite a tale.

[@bc7138]

You can kind of see that Late Roman and early Byzantine architecture had an influence on early Islamic architecture, especially concerning domes.

[@aquila4228]

Very well pointed out

[@jayasuryangoral-maanyan3901]

I think you mean later islamic buildings after thr ottoman conquest of Constantinople. Early islsmic buildings were more like the alhambra's first expansion: square and flat roofed. Persian architecture would also influence it I'm sure

[@Bidmartinlo]

I've always wondered though what a house during the Roman republic would look like. They basically built it all out of wood and it was made by the citizens, so it could either all be completely alien or eerily familiar. I don't think we'll ever know. Rome was certainly not always made out of marble and stone though. 😅

[@johnfine1036]

This is my first and only comment on KZbin but I wanted to say that I love your content. It provides a ton of insight on the late Roman Empire and I seriously look up to your opinions. I also wanted to say that I would be really interested in seeing a long format (~30-40 minute long) video of you explaining your take on all the factors that contributed to Rome’s collapse. I’m a student studying classics under Dr. Eric Cline (who focuses on the late Bronze Age collapse) and I’m currently taking a course on ancient collapse and resilience. We just covered the Romans, but it would be wonderful to see someone like yourself (who uses consistently reliable sources and figures) do a breakdown of the last two centuries of factors that led to Rome’s end. Again, I love your videos, particularly those that explained why western Rome’s end was due to Byzantium’s choice to not recognize Odoacer as the heir to the empire led to our choice of 476 as the “fall of Rome.” Of all the KZbinrs I’ve seen, it seems like you are qualified to cover that. Thanks again and I hope you consider it!!

[@beneficent2557]

Have you read Gibbon yet?

[@histguy101]

You can't choose to recognize or not recognize a guy as emperor if he doesn't claim the title.

[@TetsuShima]

The Late Pagan Empire era was not a great Age, but it cannot be denied that it ended beautifully with the great buildings of Maxentius.

[@vitorpereira9515]

No infidel building can match the magnificent Hagia Sophia.

[@TetsuShima]

​@@vitorpereira9515 Dad, nothing bad will ever happen to the Hagia Sophia, right? 🥺

[@vitorpereira9515]

@@TetsuShima Of course not. Hagia Sophia stands as one of the most visible symbols of Rome's architecture. And her beauty is so great that she conquered the heart of the conquerors. Mosques like Churches are the house of God!

[@osseftw12]

😂😂

[@osseftw12]

​@@TetsuShima 😂😂

[@johnp1937]

Fascinating video as always. I believe the Baths of Constantine was in fact the last major baths complex built in Rome, not the Baths of Diocletian. Also, the interiors of Rome's early churches would have been stunning actually, with the marble revetment, mosaics, and the heavily decorated arch near the altar. I visited Santa Sabina on the Aventine Hill (420s AD), where one original large mosaic is preserved, but most if not all the original marble revetment is still intact. The columns are original, and likely from Rome's imperial repository of architectural columns and capitals, etc., so not spoila. So I don't think the early churches' interiors were sparsely decorated in comparison to the classical temples. It's a shame Constantine's St. Peter's basilica in Rome is now gone, but the new St. Peter's is impressive in its own way. The architecture of the late Roman Empire was definitely inspired by Diocletian's Palace at Split, with the arched colonnades and and the arch set within the pediment.

[@vitorpereira9515]

It cannot be denied that the architecture of the late Roman Empire inspired the architecture of the Franks, Visigoths and even the Lombards.

[@ostrichhe4d]

You can really see that in how Charlemagne designed Aachen. It was really a revival of Roman architecture.

[@firstnamelastname2197]

@Unfriendly atheist and ornately carved colorfully painted wooden halls. Look at barbarian jewelry and you can imagine how magnificent their woodwork must have been

[@firstnamelastname2197]

@Unfriendly atheist well celts are barbarians so you’re undermining your point

[@Tzimiskes3506]

@Unfriendly atheist Yeah those Mudhut dwellers who preserved most of the Roman Documents we have today, average internet atheist...

[@sancaisancaii]

They adopted late Roman architecture and made it theirs. The so called Barbarians did not traditionally build from stone, those techniques were copied from the Romans. Early medieval architecture was not called Romanesque architecture for no reason. The myth of the Renaissance greatly skews our perception on how much a continuation of the late Roman Empire the Middle Ages actually were.

[@marvelfannumber1]

Not sure about the claim on the baths. For one, the Baths of Diocletian are not the last classical baths in Rome, the Baths of Constantine were also built a bit later. Also there were plenty of baths built in Constantinople after the 4th Century. Justinian built some, which are mentioned by John Malasas, Leo the Wise built some. Not to mention Thessaloniki has an intact bath from as late as the 12th Century. Also, were long colonnaded streets really a new thing? They were pretty common in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria or Antioch already. Not to mention the Roman Cardo. Doesn't seem like a very 'new' development at all to me.

[@carlosfilho3402]

The interesting Thing is That Classical Architecture is Very Present in The United States Neoclassical inspired By Greco Roman Cultura While in The Rest Of Latinn América We Tend To See A Mixture Of Styles Such As Baroque The Romanesque Present in Many Churches As Well As The Neogothic As in The Cathedral Of Our Lady Aparecida In São Paulo For Pilgrimage.

[@doppelwaffen]

I guess North American architecture came from England whereas Latin American archiceture came from the Spain.

[@petermills3814]

Here's another great video you can do next in recommendations from all of us Maiorianus! Did the Roman Empire's trade with India over the earlier centuries destroy & weaken Rome's economy!? = Rome was short on precious metals during the 3rd century crisis. As I recall from many fields of research over the many years = Rome lost most of its gold and silver coinage & bullion to trade with India over silks, spices + precious gems and other materials that India mostly refused to trade with, other than the huge quantities of gold & silver that Rome's merchants had to exchange with to get it all to bring back home. It was a double edge sword for Rome's prosperity and maintenance. 😅 While Rome's mines in metals were finite, India was growing all their precious trade goods in endless abundance from their homeland farms... all the gold & silver mostly that Indian palaces are decorated with & temples originated from trade with Eurasia and the Roman empire. Persia also made it difficult for Rome's empire as they took more & more of its wealth in raids and unfair trade since even before the start of the empire during the late Republic. By the time of the 3rd century... most of Rome's gold & silver mines both in the west and east were drying up, while the treasury was starting to become all but empty since the end of the 2nd century... and they had to find other new ways or mines to make money in metals to hold in their reserves & use to maintain everything. Then I heard that the Eastern Roman Empire did fix this issue with later diplomacy in alternate exchange rates between the nations and acquiring the silk worms for their own home industry of it from China brought back by Monks to them instead... but by the time they did under Justinian, it was far too late for the Western Empire long gone and the earlier empire to resolve. Even too late for Justinian's economy back then to support his campaigns decades earlier in further growth for his empire's society for further funding as well... just imagine how Rome would've been as an empire if they could've fixed these issues many centuries earlier & keep most of all their precious metals within their empire back home? Can you please look into all this and make a future video about these subjects please... it would be amazing for the rest of us to know that this was another major reason why Rome declined during the 3rd century as well. 👍✔ Thanks for the great videos over the recent years BTW! = Keep up the great work!

[@canadious6933]

I would love to see a video aboout the western provinces and Italy in the 7th or 8th century to explore a little more about the evolution of culture and roman styles to medieval

[@reinodaserrocia6706]

THIS Up!

[@kennj321]

I think it would be a very short video. Economy was so poor then most people were scavenging. Archeologists say it's tough to study because so little new stuff was being made. People lived pretty light, it was the migration period.

[@canadious6933]

@@kennj321 Migration period took place a little before that. Though the 700s was primarily the height of the Carolingian Empire I believe and that was a pretty large swatch of former imperial territory. So there is something to explore there in a video

[@markkonzerowsky8871]

It would be a post on Romanesque (or, as some nitpickers would have it, pre-Romanesque) architecture. Great topic but may fall a bit outside the scope of this channel.

[@andrelegeant88]

One could also show how Islamic architecture was largely a continuation of Roman style.

[@flyingisaac2186]

Thank you again for your latest video (I'll need to catch up!). One possible detail in a late Roman church shared with the old Roman basilica where the governor sat in judgement was a certain form of the furnishing in the sanctuary of the church and basilican dais where sat the governor. The governor would've been flanked with images of the emperor while the priest would be flanked by images of saints and often whichever high official donated in support of the church. While the liturgy of the priest has a sacrificial aspect, there is also a mode of instruction and judgement (late Roman churches could have a semi circle bank of seating for priests, deacons, even bishops to meet, like in the basilica of St John in Ephesus). While the analogy is strained to a degree, the congregational function of a basilica which all but the meanest Roman town possessed, and where met its curia, was surely noted by earlier Christians who would mean in decorated rooms of the wealthiest member of the congregation. San Clemente in Rome was one notable example of a domus which became a church over time. I think Peter Browne noted a certain similarity of a Christian priest and Roman praeses.

[@larrywave]

Now we need a list of late Roman buildings 😂

[@reubenmatthews5615]

Ravenna is full of them, due to its prominence in the late Western empire.

[@markkonzerowsky8871]

Procopius made a huge list of them in the 6th century.

[@bioliv1]

Wow, only one small troll comment, with the rest of the commentary on a stunning level, like this stunning video! Your channel might not have the highest amount of subscribers, but you seems to have the most intelligent and knowledgeable audience of all.

[@DB2ID]

Excellent job tying in many of the buildings that we can still visit today. I was just staying near S Maria Maggiore and spent a nice evening in there appreciating that transitional style... without all the crowds that go along with the A-List cathedrals and churches in Rome

[@emsnewssupkis6453]

Many of the architectural changes like streets as colonnaded streets was due to global COOLING. The Roman Warm Age was followed by the Dark Age Cold Cycle.

[@melissacorbett4180]

This was really cool! Would be nice to see a video documenting the divergent evolution of Western Roman architecture to the Romanesque architectural style under the Visigoths and their successors!

[@ch1cky_br1ky27]

A remake regarding colonnaded street. This phenomenon was wode spread in the Roman east as far back as the second century ad (jarash, Aelia capitolina, Botzra, scytopolis, Palmira and so on). Also, while there were forums and agoras in some of the eastern cities, the colonnaded streets acted as the main market for the settlements, and as a plazza-street or linear forum. I suggest looking at Buhring work about this topic ( The Stage of Palmyra: Colonnaded Streets, Spaces for Communication and Activities in the Eastern Roman Empire). While it is true that in the western part of the empire this type of street is less common in earlier periods (Timgad is the only exception i can think of), ib my opinion it would be inaccurate to say that the colonnaded street is more of a late antiquity phenomenon.

[@lerneanlion]

This video suddenly makes me think of this. How did the peoples during the Middle Ages viewed the Roman Empire? Obviously, there will be plenty of some biases to glorify it. But still, it is quite something to think about.

[@markkonzerowsky8871]

Dante is still arguing for its restoration as late as the end of the 13th century (De Monarchia). Machiavelli is probably the first to recognize that times have changed, and the unification of Italy is the best that can be hoped for.

[@jayasuryangoral-maanyan3901]

​@@markkonzerowsky8871 Dante believed that he was living in the empire and and used arguments based in roman writings to argue in de monarchia, that the crisis between the emperor and the pope should have been resolved by sepaeating their spheres of influence in society

[@markkonzerowsky8871]

@@jayasuryangoral-maanyan3901 True, but the Holy Roman Empire that Dante lived in was never quite a viable replacement. for the original. This was due to the conflict between Pope and Emperor that you rightly pointed out. Meanwhile, the Paleologoi were still clinging to life in Constantinople.

[@originaluddite]

Those circular designs look great.

[@alexanderaugustus]

A small note: amphitheater refers to round theaters, like the Colosseum. Amphi means 'all around'. The crescent shaped theaters were just 'theaters'. The 'amphi' was added to note that a theater was 'doubled' and thus round or oval.

[@unternehme]

For the records: the brick courtyard with a stone basin shown, which belongs to Bologna's basilica di Santo Stefano, is largely the result of a 19th century attempt to bring it back to its medieval look after early modern alterations. It is likely that the elaborate brick and stone decorations were not as they appear now, certainly simpler if at all present.

[@LCTesla]

I'm currently staying Rome so this topic has recency in my head... it's been explained to me that a lot of what we see of old Roman architecture these days is actually a set of renovations and reconstructions from later ages, most notably the renaissance... it seems to me ancient Roman architecture was never all that different from late Roman architecture that Renaissance artists never touched... the Renaissance brought a lot of Ancient-Greek flavor into it that likely wasn't there initially...

[@rosskourtis9602]

Once again, quality content.

[@ezzovonachalm9815]

These comentaries are a splendid exemple of a cultivated audience dialogue with a highly cultivated author- You, MAJORIANUS !

[@v.g.r.l.4072]

Excellent video, as it always happens with this scholar.

[@paulcapaccio9905]

The most important period in history. Late Rome !

[@Sheboobellach]

What about palatial architecture? Villas of the the aristocracy? I wonder as well about the abandoned temples. Were they like the Roman equivalent of the haunted house trope from today? Old stone temples slowly wearing down and becoming overgrown, stripped of ornament, developing supernatural reputations etc. You did mention the statues being seen as possessed 💁‍♂️

[@paulcapaccio9905]

We should consider starting a club

[@Gorboduc]

I love all the history channels with little rectangles waging war on one another, but a bit more of the arts-n-culture side to go with it is very much appreciated. 👍

[@HVLLOW99]

I looked up Churches in Spain built in the 11th Century thinking I was going to see High Gothic architecture but they were still built in the late Roman style known as Romanesque or Byzantine. Gothic Architecture had yet to arrive in Spain until the late 11th Century around the 1080s and into the 12th Century. So for over 500 Years after Rome fell this Roman style architecture prevailed in parts of the former western empire.

[@transluxlyceum3236]

Great video... the segment re: the innovation of the colonnaded street was esp interesting... love this channel... Thanks

[@lymeregis4354]

Even today many Orthodox Christian churches incorporate typical Roman elements.

[@captaincodpiece3263]

Superb video

[@edgarl6824]

I love medieval Roman architecture, my favorite 🤩

[@michaelstaengl1349]

Your content is almost always excellent but at 3:52, I have to submit a teeny tiny correction. The Templum Divus Romulus indeed was dedicated to the founder of the city of Rome and not the son of Imperator Caesar Maxentius. Maxentius built his basilica at a location where once old documents of the earlier Republican period of the Roman Empire had been stored which had a relationship to the founding myth of Rome. In all other cases this video is a great piece of information about the late ancient Roman Empire(s)

[@lucasl3m0s]

Interesting that after the conversion of the Roman Empire, the classical style of the first centuries and all its extravagance were abandoned or transformed, as a way of breaking with pagan culture and idol worship; Christian art began to adopt a classical Roman style, but Christianized - to study the history of the Church in the first centuries (its martyrs and saints) is to start to admire the Late Roman Empire after its conversion, the artistic expression of this period shaped what would be the art of Europe in the Medievo, with great cathedrals and mosaics. History in the Late Roman Empire became neglected with the revolutionary influence of the Enlightenment in the teaching of history, as well as all their rejection of the Church and its civilization. -, Christianity does not reject the beautiful, the good and the true, this was the norm of the Church in preserving the classical culture in the Middle Ages, written by pagans, preserved in its essence, like the Roman art that was transformed from the classical period to the late.

[@launch4]

Always loved the features of classical Roman architecture, not so much the Greek style temples so much as the more common building styles, mostly squares and rectangles, thin brick covered in plaster, circular archways and low angled terracotta roofs. The thing I wonder is at what point and why was that and the later Byzantine style replaced by the high angular roofs and half-timbered building style that are associated with Medieval Europe?

[@cornemou]

Maybe during charlemagne? Maybe the style you describe was only elitist way to connect to ancient Roman Empire, when the peasants who didn’t know anything about Romans just built themselves what they could and created a new architecture over time?

[@cornemou]

In the west europe not Byzantine of course

[@Gio-iv1vd]

Columns shown at 6:05 are clearly ionic and not doric

[@jessetwentenaer441]

Great video! But 6:17 aren't those ionic?

[@thunderthorson6138]

Nice video, as always!!

[@antonikinkovic4890]

Great job, thank you😊

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

Go to curiositystream.com/MAIORIANUS and use code MAIORIANUS to save 25% off today. Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today’s video.

[@RF_N]

this video is uploaded 6 minutes ago, but this comment is 1 day old, is youtube bugging or am i trippin' 🤔🤔

[@chrisparsons2791]

😁 This is fascinating stuff. Good work. Keep going. So much to learn.

[@explorer1968]

And yet even in the XI Century AD, there was this pride in the Byzantine people, or Eastern Romans, of their ancient Roman heritage. Architecture was a Big example!

[@carlosfilho3402]

Thanks Tô This Magnificent Vídeo.

[@jasoncuculo7035]

Thanks!

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

And thank you Jason, for your kind donation, I really appreciate it :)

[@paulcapaccio9905]

Bravo again

[@Redjoekido]

Can you do a video on Commodus since he was the ones that started the whole mess that leads to the Roman Empire collapsing during the Goth wars?

[@JoaquinArguelles]

Thank you very much. Question (possibly a stupid question): If Diocletian was the last emperor to make a bathing complex, then what took the place of these bath houses?? After all, people still have to bathe.

[@markkonzerowsky8871]

Nothing took their place. The Christians closed all of the bath complexes. "Cleanliness is next to godliness" was not a phrase to be taken in the literal sense. One of the biggest marks of the dark ages was the loss of plumbing. You may have heard the phrase "the odor of sanctity." This is one that you can take literally, as they certainly did.

[@znariznotsj6533]

Excellent.

[@acgsamson6934]

Hi Sebastian, would like to know if you like napoleon, and if you ever has considered doing a video about him (perhaps as a continuation of roman ideals in Paris) Thanks

[@TheLeonhamm]

Like for like, there is a great deal of continuity. The Mausoleum of Augustus, of Hadrian, and of Galla Placidia, of St Constantina (and the now-gone Mausoleum of Honorius, et al) were remarkably similar in construction, if not in decoration; indeed Ravenna's Basilica of St Vitale is similar to the mausoleum types .. rather than the Roman courts of law and imperial audience. And Triumphal Arches did not change dramatically .. except in imperial favour. The Roman-esque forms - a supposedly degraded kind of late Roman structures - Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel, made of stone rather than the still common brick, like the Baptisries of the Lateran, in Rome, and at Frejus, France, would have been comfortable on the Roman eye .. if sneered at by later generations, looking for grand straight-up/ squared-off temple or public bathhouse styles, e.g. St John Lateran by the Lateran Palace at Rome .. already losing favour by the time of Diocletian, e.g. the Temple of Romulus, Rome (Sts Cosmas and Damian). ;o)

[@MBP1918]

Very cool

[@justanotherrandomfilipino9018]

This style of architecture would endure all the way to the 20th Century and is referred to as "Stripped Classicism"

[@deutschesvaterlandfankanal]

This is actually real original roman architecture

[@carlosfilho3402]

Could Address More Late Roman Pra Bizantinos Architecture And It's Outside influence As in Italy In Venice Cathedral.

[@Bronxguyanese]

Late roman architecture started to go into romanesque style and later into Gothic. While late roman architecture will go into byzantine

[@MinhNguyen-ff6xf]

Late Roman architecture split into two schools: early Byzantine architecture in the East and Paleo-Christian architecture in the West. Early Byzantine architecture later became the one that we know, Hagia Sophia, etc. Then, it influenced the architecture of Slavic states. Byzantine architecture didn’t use basilica style with a long nave like in the West. Paleo-Christian architecture or early Christian architecture indicates a period between the fall of Rome and the rise of the Frankish empire, before the expansion of Romanesque architecture

[@nyckolaus]

fascinating!

[@stantarasov3967]

What soundtrack is being used as the background music?

[@carlosfilho3402]

Thanks tô This Vídeo.

[@abramsez8268]

Would be great if all the images in the video were labelled for those of us wanting to dig deeper into the subject matter. Otherwise great video.

[@MaxwellAerialPhotography]

I think it’s grossly overlooked that the late Romans may have been the greatest brick builders in history.

[@jimkennedy7050]

I would be nice if the basilica of Romulus is rebuilt bt Macencius

[@histguy101]

"Not a single new bathing complex was built in Rome after the baths of Diocletian." Except the Baths of Constantine... "Even in Constantinople, no new baths were built after Constantine." ?? There were 11 major thermae in Constantinople. Only one of them was built before Constantine, and he transformed it into something like the large complexes at Rome(zeuxippus). Ten others were built between the 4th - 6th century, such as the Baths of Arcadius. Most of them have strange names, or are named after generals and politicians, are totally gone, and are hard to find info about online, but they were definitely being built. There were also hundreds of smaller baths besides the large ones. It was a huge city with an enormous population. Baths continued to be used, maintained, and newly built all over the empire. For instance, Justinian built Thermae throughout the Balkans, in Syria, and even Cyrene. The proto-late Roman/Byzantine structure is without a doubt the Pantheon. It has an impressive entrance, but no attic relief. The beauty is on the inside. Late Roman architecture is really a growth of the Rotunda, Basilica, and Baths, to create impressive interior spaces. The classical Greek temple was impressive on the outside, but the inside only contained a colossal, usually wooden, statue of the deity based there, and little else. They put their gods in solitary confinement. The basilica existed all the way back to the Republican period, and was not changed much.

[@georgiopasca2720]

Correction: The pantheon was built long before at the time of agrippa himself

[@histguy101]

@@georgiopasca2720 Yes, but the architecture of the Pantheon became popular during late Roman times

[@georgiopasca2720]

@@histguy101 why so?

[@teslaoliveira2195]

Super!

[@LukeVilent]

"Why would anyone need to bathe regularly, when we can just ceremonially bathe once in the lifetime?"

[@WordsFromPeter]

There were definitely statues in the old Roman basilicae. The West never stopped making statues only the East did.

[@DavidSnodgrass-xd8li]

I wonder so much about their domestic architecture

[@poisonousabsinthe]

What a beautiful church, around minute 5:00 onwards. Does anybody know which one is it?

[@aquila4228]

It’s a artist reconstruction of old Saint Peter’s basilica in the Vatican. It was demolished and replaced by the one standing today in the renaissance

[@DrewlarkFun]

"gratias VOBIS ago, amici" you are speaking to a plural (as evidenced by the vocative plural amici) therefore VOBIS /wobis/ is needed over tibi

[@Sirxchrish]

I'll tell you who the real problem is, it's that damn Ricimer. Big. Freaking. Problems. With. That. Guy.

[@scottyrobot]

its like the difference between the star wars prequels and the original trilogy

[@robertortiz-wilson1588]

Gorgeous

[@michaelporzio7384]

Well done and informative, it would be interesting to show buildings of the modern era that were constructed in the Classical Greco/Roman style (Washington, DC for example). Also curious about whether glass windows were employed in Roman buildings, Stained glass became a big deal in Gothic architecture, I wonder where that originated.

[@jayasuryangoral-maanyan3901]

The Romans were brilliant glass makers and in Syria, Roman glass production was found with glass sheets larger than anything produced before modern industrial methods. I'm sure plenty of people would have used glass for windows

[@doppelwaffen]

Glass windows were essential to baths. The caldarium, the warmest room of the bath, had huge windows in order to heat it up.

[@WalesTheTrueBritons]

Apparently everything is Roman, if we found buildings on Mars, there would be some who argue they were Roman.

[@ale_s45]

wow

[@jvbiians2358]

Then later the Ottomans adopted the same arhitekture style.

[@trimegaplays7748]

Rome

[@stonergt3998]

rome

[@elisabettamarese9070]

dovremmo reintrodurre lo studio e l'utilizzo del LATINO..........e dovrebbero farlo anche gli altri popoli che con noi condividono la civiltà e cultura GrecoROMANOCristiana, l'umanocentrico UMANESIMO. Condividere la stessa cultura e civiltà è come condividere virtualmente lo stesso sangue..............siamo come minimo "parenti virtuali".................il Latino dovrebbe essere la "lingua di scambio" tra di noi popoli umanocentrici....... Roma è diventata eterna, quando si è scontrata-incontrata con il Cristianesimo....... Roma ha risolto i problemi della convivenza umana.............Roma è la globalizzazione ed il SOCIALISMO ante litteram. Ps. un sogno: prima era Roma che "faceva" i romani, oggi, nella Roma del terzo millennio, sono i romani che "fanno" Roma..........se ci pensiamo, quando nella data convenzionale del 476 D.C., Roma cadde...........i romani erano già costruiti...ed erano tutti cristiani................cristianizzando il resto del mondo allora conosciuto, ne hanno completato la romanizzazione................nel DNA di ogni cristiano c'è ROMA........vedo romani dalla Russia, la terza Roma (1), alle Americhe, passando per l'Europa e le Isole, all'Australia, alla Nuova Zelanda e forse anche ad Israele..................in tempi bui come questi, dovremmo avere la saggezza di proteggere le nostre "repubbliche democratico liberali a sovranità popolare"(2)nel "CONDOMINIO" ROMA........... (1)l'Impero Romano d'Oriente caduto nel 1453 ed ereditato dai Russi........ è per questo che la plutocrazia mondialista &co. fa la guerra alla Russia per mezzo delle Istituzioni Pubbliche nazionali e sovrannazionali dell'Occidente: la plutocrazia combatte contro ROMA e contro il Cristianesimo.. (2) un miracolo costato tremila anni di lacrime e sangue......

[@gs7828]

Ma questi punti a caso?

[@matthewnewbanks6327]

Keep up the amazing comment

[@Dominic-tq6dw]

It has never changed. Its still pretty the same

[@nenioperator2807]

brrooo luv ur work comment for algoritm 💪

[@danielchequer5842]

Yale University has an entire FREE semester on Roman architecture here on youtube: kzbin.info/aero/PLBCB3059E45654BCE

[@fabianmarcetic3232]

Bruh. Christian art and architecture are some bummers bro 💀

[@wankawanka3053]

What a downgrade

[@refreshrateyes]

Bzantine empire isnt roman empire

[@aquila4228]

It is “Eastern” ROMAN empire

[@gs7828]

@@aquila4228 Greek empire respecting its Roman colonial legacy.

[@rayyanez3527]

I HATE !! LATE 😝 ROMAN ! ARCHITECTURE!!.. I Find ! It !. TOTALLY ! DEPRESING !!!🥺