How diuretics cause hypokalemia

[@lakkisush8901]

Today I found your channel It's very clear and easy to understand

[@aymaneelamrani5410]

INDIANSS are a gift from god !!!! Thank you so much :) :)

[@NonstopNeuron]

Most welcome 😊

[@yigitisk9248]

After having a lecture on school about diuretics and coming over home to study it I have seen the side effects of the thiazides as well as loop diuretics cause a hypokalemia and alcalosis. I asked myself how can this happen??. The macula densa aldostheron came to my mind but I wasnt satisfied. My unhappiness lasted until saw your video. I didnt expect how easy could that be. Thank you so much.

[@dr.johnchinonsoegu5578]

Very beautiful! The graphics won the show even!

[@NonstopNeuron]

thanks..!

[@nesrinech3967]

it so amazing that i can find these concepts and mechanisms very well explained in a single short video ,thank you, very helpful !

[@Human_with_heart]

u r awesome,just helped a 5th yr mbbs student in getting the concept clear, thanks a lot sir

[@Simplensweett]

Excellent style of explanation 🤝

[@mohammadhuzaifakhan6867]

I'm totally amazed by your work. You made it too too easy to understand antihypertensives. Loads of appreciation. Already subscribed.

[@NonstopNeuron]

Awesome, thank you!

[@mohammadhuzaifakhan6867]

@@NonstopNeuron please make videos on adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonists.

[@chiraggoyal9943]

actually amazing video i was so confused by this

[@varshayadav1163]

Thank-you so much I'm so much confused how hypokalamia occurs now this video cleared my doubt

[@richarddekoa7657]

thank for your simple explanation Sir

[@samionita2008]

Pure delight

[@tomyao7884]

Thanks so much man!

[@deema-medicalstudent]

Thanks alot very useful and short video! 😍😍😍

[@DRAmeen-bi8hq]

Great video!!!

[@mohsenakhavan3500]

Great !. Thank you so much for your efforts, outstanding pictures and very clear explanations. please continue ! I recommend this movie to every one who wants to learn hypokalemia, Renal Physiology and diuretics !

[@NonstopNeuron]

Thank you so much.

[@keithhines12]

awesome video. Thanks so much

[@abebetesfaye6867]

i found it easy to understand. God bless you Man!

[@NonstopNeuron]

Glad to hear it!

[@yuktaramkisson8803]

This helped so much! Thank you so so so much!

[@NonstopNeuron]

Welcome to the Nonstop Neuron.!

[@yiguy5ed6ugh8h7]

Thank you sooooo much you made my life easier I hope for you a nice day sir

[@NonstopNeuron]

Glad it helped

[@mennayasser5404]

Thank you so much that was very helpful

[@barzyali7470]

the background music was a bit distracting for me, please just include your voice. but very well explained. thank you

[@TT-hq2cf]

thanks v helpful i didn't connect b/w proximal CT and CD but it makes sense now

[@muhammadumersiddiqi]

great explaination!

[@sukhmannkaurr6689]

Thanks a lot! It was so good explanation. Amazing work!

[@soumitra8980]

Truely amazing 🤩

[@kind-plate]

very helpful

[@hotcoffee4461]

Thank you so much!

[@sherlockholmes2167]

Thanks!

[@199-g3z]

Thank you for make me clear 🙏❤️

[@NonstopNeuron]

Welcome 😊

[@udayanthijayathilaka254]

Great ... thank u 😍

[@atem2302]

brilliant. thank you.

[@NonstopNeuron]

Most welcome 😊

[@AM-wg1yk]

thanks very much 🙏

[@patriciadaka2345]

This is amazing,a quick question, What drug can be used to treat furosemide induced hypokalemia?

[@atum141]

Quick note: it's more likely to have hypokalemia from thiazides because of their more extended activity (unless one takes loop diuretics several times a day haha). Treating the cause is also important. Besides treating hypokalemia, it's also essential to take a look at possible arrhythmias. In more acute scenarios, you can give potassium... Now coming back to your question. You lose potassium through the collecting duct... so diuretics that ''''''inhibit''''''the collecting duct can help. Amiloride for example blocks ENaC, and spironolactone blocks aldosterone activity (aldosterone increases the amount of ENaC in the apical membrane). That's why they are considered 'potassium sparing', and combinations of other diuretics with them can help prevent loss of potassium and other complications such as alkalemia (it's obviously important to understand besides memorizing, but something that may help is that generally, potassium follows hydrogen and vice versa haha). For example -> alkalemia tends to produce hypokalemia (the mechanism involves serum potassium going to the intracellular compartment), and acidemia tends to produce hyperkalemia (same reason but inversed). Acidemia = higher h+ which leads to higher K+. So... H+ follows K+ haha. That's why correcting acidemia and alkalemia may also be used to help with potassium imbalances.

[@patriciadaka2345]

@@atum141 thank you 🙏

[@dr.ruhany7534]

Nice video

[@NonstopNeuron]

Thanks

[@yashdeepmukheja2262]

Thanks ❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@NonstopNeuron]

You're welcome 😊

[@Hannahanna-vm1kx]

If Na is reabsorbed from collecting duct anyway how does diuretics decrease bp? Please i need to know 😢

[@happylife4124]

amazing

[@JaveriwAnwer]

Can you plz let me know if Na conc is again imcreasing inside the cell then how it is causing diuresis?

[@NonstopNeuron]

Not all the left sodium is reabsorbed in the later part of tubule

[@hm-eo2gy]

But isn't Na reabsorption at collecting duct only occurs under the control of aldosterone which is only secreted in response to low Na passing at the nephron? So how high sodium passing at collecting duct get reabsorbed?

[@NonstopNeuron]

Aldosterone level never get to zero.

[@yashdeepmukheja2262]

You can add that more aldosterone will be released due to less absorption of sodium in MTAL and due to aldosterone there will be more reabsorption of Na+ions from collecting duct

[@NonstopNeuron]

Yes.. true

[@yashdeepmukheja2262]

@@NonstopNeuron which course you are doing , pharmacy or mbbs?

[@NonstopNeuron]

I am M.D. Pharmacology. Completed the study 3 years back. What about you?

[@yashdeepmukheja2262]

@@NonstopNeuron thats great .I am in 3rd yr ,B.pharmacy at Panjab University Chandigarh

[@NonstopNeuron]

Ok...👍🏼

[@gammmm6814]

It means HTCZ cause hypokalemia via electrochemical gradient at principle cell, right?

[@evenseah1194]

Hi, just for clarification. Not all sodium reabsorb in principal cells, hence most sodium still excreted in urine and reduces the cardiac output. Am I right?

[@NonstopNeuron]

Yes

[@AM-wg1yk]

thanks

[@lynaberr2704]

U saved me XD❤️

[@hellyasse6305]

thank you !

[@NonstopNeuron]

Welcome 😊

[@greenchilli9109]

Awesome

[@aliabduljaleel4295]

Thaaaaannnnkkkksssss

[@geetanshugandhi8252]

Ultimately sodium ions are reabsorbed into the interstitium once they reach the collecting duct.......some more information is missing

[@lakitparmarqt743]

Your editing so well understanding so please tell me

[@NonstopNeuron]

I believe the actual quality comes from clear understanding of the topic itself. Editing is secondary. However if you want to know about editing part here it is. I use multiple softwares during the process of creation. Objects are created in inkscape, concepts etc, animation is done using blender, PowerPoint, for audio I use recorder plus and audacity, final editing is done in blender. It takes very very long than direct screen recordings. But I also love the final quality I get so I am taking this approach. I hope it helps.😊

[@NonstopNeuron]

Also tell me if you have any suggestions for me

[@lakitparmarqt743]

Omg! Really you are so Dedicated towards your work!! Seems so hardwork really hats off! Brother

[@lakitparmarqt743]

Actually I’m also a KZbinr that’s my channel link kzbin.info and i was so amazed by your editing part !!!

[@lakitparmarqt743]

Even I’m also a medical student was making medical videos but now i changed my mind! Nice to talk to you

[@CollinScottTibbitts]

If the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter is being inhibited, doesn't that also leave more potassium in the thick ascending loop of henle? That almost makes more sense to me than more sodium in the collecting duct leading to more being absorbed in the principle cell and leaving the collecting duct more negative thus more potassium excretion. If more sodium is being absorbed from the collecting duct into the principle cell, wouldn't water just follow and negate the action of the diuretic?? The explanation with the principle cell seems more applicable to aldosterone antagonists.

[@NonstopNeuron]

First you need to understand that these processes are NOT "all or none". It's about fine tuning between two extremes. A slight change in the reabsorption pattern is multiplied over time. Talking about your specific confusions: 1. Potassium reabsorbed by Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, is secreted into the lumen normally also. 2. Not all the remaining extra Na is reabsorbed at the collecting duct. So the effect of diuretic is not nullified. I hope it helps.

[@CollinScottTibbitts]

@@NonstopNeuron makes sense! I guess it would also make sense that any of the sodium leaving in the collecting duct would be replaced by potassium to retain electroneutrality in the lumen.

[@lakitparmarqt743]

Please let me know How do you edit

[@millolailyang1545]

Thanks..

[@NonstopNeuron]

Welcome

[@alluminati2001]

Sir is there any role of RAAS system to increase absorption of sodium by enac as aldosterone also acts and helps in absorption of na+.please clarify sir

[@NonstopNeuron]

yes

[@katysrahan7622]

Why is it only K+ that responds to the more electronegative lumen, why doesn't Na+ simply stay in the lumen??

[@NonstopNeuron]

Because Na+ is actively being re-absorbed. But nothing is holding K+.

[@imperious-monkey]

This makes zero sense. Na+ is positive, so how does more Na+ in the lumen lead to a greater negative charge in the lumen... I think a better explanation is the one in most textbooks. More Na+ in lumen means more is absorbed under influence of aldosterone, and K+ is also excreted incidentally.

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