How do EPIRBs locate a sinking ship?

When a ship sinks, the first priority of any rescuer is to actually locate the vessel in distress. It may seem easy, but in comparison to the size of an ocean, its not!
That's where an EPIRB comes in. An EPIRB is an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon, and it is one of the most important pieces of safety equipment that is carried.
It transmits the location of the distress to satellites orbiting the earth, allowing rescuers to find you.
In this video, we take a look at how EPIRBs work, and see what you can do to make sure they work properly.
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[@zidingo4557]

i go at a maritime school in norway, and our teacher always shows your videos every friday. keep making these videos!!!

[@beachbum4691]

Smart Tutor :)

[@MikePlaysYeet]

zidingo norgeee

[@agungagus8052]

Same

[@f-22araptoryamato26]

Agung Agus bruh

[@agungagus8052]

@@f-22araptoryamato26 ??

[@ThatGuy-vw6gc]

Stuff like this still continues to baffle me, something so small is so vital and useful.

[@cham4w]

That's what she said!

[@fredboi5519]

@@cham4w nice

[@drabberfrog]

@@cham4w lol

[@dragonfireproductions790]

Whistles are the smallest and are extremely useful

[@BakedBanana]

oh

[@RickyJr46]

In June 2017, Queen Mary 2 rescued solo yachtsman Mervyn Wheatley from his disabled craft Tamarind in the Atlantic. Speaking to us later, he said Tamarind had taken on water after capsizing in the storm, and his EPIRB was triggered by falling into it (along with his previously dry socks!). He canceled that original distress call because Tamarind at first seemed salvageable, but upon realizing her steering gear was beyond repair he switched on the EPIRB manually. That call eventually brought QM2 alongside. If I recall, it was some 32 hours between his capsizing and rescue- quite the ordeal.

[@drewdurant3835]

I have an inherent fear of the ocean. Never will I find myself on a vessel out at sea. I appreciate your channel because it gives me a glimpse into that world in which I fear. Thank you

[@Icetea-2000]

Because of the potential sinking or because of the existential dread of those endless open spaces?

[@drewdurant3835]

@@Icetea-2000 it’s more the unknown... the inability to see or stand while being completely at Neptune’s whim.

[@Icetea-2000]

@@drewdurant3835 Yeah I can see that. I have the same feeling with space, though I hope I can someday overcome my fear and travel with a rocket. (If it’s cheap enough, crossing fingers, Elon)

[@foty8679]

@@Icetea-2000 Space is harmless compared to the ocean. Space only has 1 Bar difference

[@Project_VideoGame]

in both areas, You'll die from lack of resources

[@antonman1234]

The only good shipping channel

[@blu_e1910]

?

[@mrmato1716]

I am going to send this link to the Danish Maritime Academy, I really love your videos and they are really great education for new crew members!

[@CasualNavigation]

Glad you find them helpful

[@fahrizalrizaladialalzam2245]

O

[@Insecuretaco]

My job is programming theese when they are installed or replaced. The ships VDR (black box for ships) also has a EPIRB with data storage on it. This one is the most important EPIRB as it has details of everything that may have caused the vessel to sink/crash stored in it.

[@daetslovactmandcarry6999]

And... If you manually activate it, point it AWAY from you body... The antenna extends automatically and can put your eye out or worse. 😕

[@tnhl77]

jeez that is vital info lol

[@jjrice9371]

This is only on some epirb models

[@OGTabo0]

@@jjrice9371 lol mariner roulette

[@squillamsquallace2468]

I worked on boats for months and checking the EPERB was a major part of our maintenance.

[@JNDlego57]

Good! Karma says that the one trip where you forgot to replace the battery is going to be the trip where you are going to need it.

[@tedhenkle]

Great and informative video! I work for Washington State Emergency Management, (USA). We’re familiar with EPIRBs but any activations are handled by the US Coast Guard. We mostly get involved with similar devices-PLBs-Personal Locator Beacons and aircraft ELTs (Emergency Location Transmitters) during Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. Some devices have phone and text capability so you can communicate the nature of the emergency. A couple words of advice: First if you buy one of these devices enter your registration data as completely as possible. This improves the chances of being able to identify you, and contact you or a family member. Second, don’t “test” the device. As the video mentions, once the beacon is activated, it sends a signal to a Rescue Coordination Center, who will contact an agency like ours, and we in-turn will contact the county sheriff’s office. So you’ll end up getting at least three agencies spun-up over a false activation.

[@AGENT47ist]

Just finished my GMDSS course for the GOC(General Operator Certificate) and passed it. EPIRB was the most tricky to describe, yet its one of the most vital equipment in the GMDSS. Always study and safe seas for all Mariners out there !

[@megand2994]

I LOVE your videos! I never knew anything about ships before I started watching your channel a few days ago and I'm addicted. I think I've found a new passion? MUM IM GOING TO BOAT SCHOOL

[@CasualNavigation]

Thanks Megan. Glad it has got you interested in ships

[@claudiodiaz9752]

You forgot to mention that in addition to the 406Mhz signal sent to COSPAS/SARSAT satellites, a marine EPIRB wil also send a beacon signal in 121.5Mhz, that will be used by SAR aircraft with special equipment to detect it.

[@americanrebel413]

This gadget is quite essential for boating, Very useful for hiking as you said, Heck, I would like to have one just to have 1 in my car just in case. Great video thank you.

[@tonys1636]

Communications to satellites is a bit hit and miss on land as signal can be obscured by buildings and trees, note the effect of a pigeon on your sat dish, If in a car and in a heavily wooded area or upside down in a ditch totally useless.

[@americanrebel413]

@@tonys1636 👍🍻

[@sirBrouwer]

A lot of inbuilt GPS systems do have a s.o.s. function that basically can do the same. And if the GPS is out of action there are radio transmitters that can do the same over the radio.

[@americanrebel413]

@@sirBrouwer 👍🍻

[@kaydenchan7093]

Thanks for such amount sailing info. I’m a huge fan of ships.

[@tod2992]

I didn't know that this channel still existed. One small video bi yearly you get forgotten about.

[@baileywright1656]

Nice video :D It reminded me of A Storm Too Soon: A True Story of Disaster, Survival and an Incredible Rescue by Michael J. Tougias. The circumstances surrounding their EPIRB and it's registration are kind of crazy. Fantastic read if you are interested in maritime rescue operations and survival at sea.

[@CasualNavigation]

Thanks Bailey. Sounds like a good read

[@WelcomeToJ]

Another fantastic, informative and extremely interesting video, sir :)

[@steve1978ger]

If you want to equip yourself with an EPIRB or PLB (personal locator beacon), make sure to pick a modern one with GPS. Standalone COSPAS-SARSAT will transmit your distress call, but is considerably inferior in getting a position fix both in accuracy and acquisition time. Due to the low number of COSPAS-SARSAT satellites, it can take up to an hour (if I remember correctly) to acquire a position fix. Also some of them are geostationary, which means accuracy is considerably lower in high latitudes. The worst thing you can have is an old beacon transmitting on 121.5 / 243 MHz - these are not received anymore at all. Another useful device for boating can be a SART, a Search and Rescue Transmitter, which will reply to radar signals and be directly visible on the radar screens of SAR units.

[@kir_spb4877]

I was shocked when learned some EPIRBs are still rely on that old school CASPAS SART system. In some places it take 2 hours to detect the signal and there is a huge hole in the middle of the Atlantic (not speaking about poles) where no detection is even pissible ！I hope my ship will be equipped with a GPS EPIRB

[@tgm9991]

GNSS constellations of which GPS is one of several have been getting equipped with 406Mhz SAR receivers to receive the bacon's signals and eventually replacing some of the older SAR Sat's and its operational on some Galileo and some newer GPS Sat's now. Just to clear something up if the GNSS satellites around you aren't equipped with the 406 receivers but your beacon did have a GNSS receiver on it you would still be relying on the old LEOSAR and GEOSAR satellites to sent the GPS coordinates along with the usual coded signal to as GPS only transmits signals saying what the satellites position and the time the signal was sent towards the ground the GPS devices on the ground then uses several of the signals to figure out where it is they don't send any return signal for that so the GPS satellites require a separate receiver to be an actual part of the SARSAT network and that can only be added on the ground as a secondary payload before it's launched so only newer satellites are so equipped.

[@Quasihamster]

The point is: If you want a sinking ship, it's faster and easier to find just any ship and sink it.

[@Unformed8]

It's not untrue xD

[@rickywiltshire815]

Except for prison for sinking someone's ship. Sinking on purpose is illegal anyway. Ships are dismantled at the end of their life span (typically 20 years)

[@Quasihamster]

@@rickywiltshire815 Tell that to the fish who live in hundreds ships sunk on purpose to make artificial reefs. Or ships.. even some trains (NY subway for example) are disposed of that way.

[@popcornegg4405]

Ricky Wiltshire en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuttling

[@popcornegg4405]

Ricky Wiltshire sinking YOUR ship intentionally is not illegal unless it’s destruction of evidence or breaking an environmental law.

[@justanotherperson2960]

Generally a Doppler shift positioning provides a precision of 200 metres or less. A GNSS with carrier phase information can give less than a meter position precision.

[@kaystephan2610]

In case anyone wonders what happened to the Derbyshire that made it sink so quickly: The Derbyshire went through a Typhoon for 2 days with waves continuously crashing over the front of the ship, probably ripping off the covers of small ventilation pipes near the bow which resulted in the bow gradually filling with water over the course of the next two days. The bow dove deeper and deeper into the waves until eventually the crashing waves destroyed the hatch of the first cargo bay (which was filled with 157.000 tonnes of iron ore on that particular ride). The floods of water entered the cargo bays and quickly pulled the ship into the water. The waves started crashing further up the deck, eventually breaking through hatches 2, 3 4 and so on. That whole process cascaded down (or up) the vessel probably within seconds.

[@bongdapanipuri69]

Don't forget, the cargo hatches imploded and then exploded again, leaving debris spread around by a mile.

[@keybchet9986]

*Sees ship in Aegean Sea at **3:55* *Remembers britannic sank on 21. November* Coincidence?

[@noob-qz2dr]

I THINK NOT

[@drabberfrog]

I THINK NOT

[@themightyhood-4117]

I THINK NOT

[@Lambdatrack]

I THINK NOT

[@nyooom7467]

I THINK NOT

[@oliverwalters9533]

I have one on my boat, I wondered how it worked

[@Quasihamster]

Is that an Ismay quote?

[@janicesullivan8942]

Hope you never need to use it

[@digitalgamingctcc4110]

@@janicesullivan8942 if he did, it would be very useful.

[@jedwijnberg8464]

I love Casual Navigation!

[@Jeff-vu4gj]

I've never been on a boat but i always find your videos fascinating, keep up the good work

[@onerandomtrain2797]

Oh my freaking Rails. *HE'S BACK!*

[@MrPeercraft]

Great video as allways. Im studying naval engineering and am really interested in ships in general. Yours is such a underrated channel!

[@GalenMarekOfficial]

Definately learned something new today!

[@RYN988]

science saves lives! amazing stuff! thanks for beautifully explaining this!

[@jakubmateuszkowalski4558]

Sadly, everything depends, whether guys at RCC decide that the distress call is not a mistake or a joke. I have been told a story about an ignored EPIRB activated in Gdańsk Bay. Luckily, the crew in distress had their cell phones covered.

[@joonalavonen5929]

Going on a 3 week on board training on the 13. Day. These videos are great keep it up. 👍🏻

[@tomnow92]

So beautiful, thank you for making this video

[@SOLYJARAD]

please more videos on stability, IALA, ECDIS ,RADAR AND never stop doing those videos

[@jupiterjunk]

. I live in Florida. It's a shame when people are lost to the sea and they didn't have an EPIRB They cost so much less than the wheels/tyres people put on the truck they used to bring their boat to the local boat ramp. ($300 for a personal unit / $500 for a small vessel unit as of SEP 2020)

[@BlitzkriegRap]

This videos are so interesting!

[@masandepeyi5301]

Thank you so much... Great channel.

[@Tuulos]

The beginning reminded me of the sinking of M/S Estonia. Sadly these things weren't around here at that time.

[@user-pi2fj6xs6q]

As always you are great 👍🏼 and your videos are deeply helpful

[@keiyakins]

It's a machine that screams "SHIT! HELP!" at the sky for you. Only half joking.

[@PokeMaster22222]

So in other words, EPIRBs are superb.

[@anormalcommentor9452]

Yay! You're back!

[@ralfribeiro]

Excellent! Congrats!

[@Steven-dt5nu]

Really enjoy your videos

[@ronanmacruaidhri2509]

The one thing that baffles me is that a Shannon class lifeboat sank like that

[@victoriamanley9961]

Excellent. Thx

[@ghostinthecodeRF]

Vhf and hf radio communications on ships next plz

[@abid___6845]

U r the best ever teacher brothr..i admire youu for theese..😍

[@guest578]

Things like these should be taught in school.

[@kfraser3783]

I liked it! ;)

[@jeffries1232]

this is a good video

[@islemnemouchi4249]

Thanks

[@kiel_3222]

Nice, the last time I was this early, Titanic was still unsinkable.

[@PositiveRateAv]

The EPIRB is exactly like the ELT on an aircraft

[@ghentgames]

Awesome videos, I'm bingeing on them! Question: does the unit not start drifting away from where the ship has sank?

[@shubhambajpai7464]

EPIRB sends signal to cospos sarsat whichever is in LOS. And then it gives the hexadecimal code to LUT. Then LUT gives position to MCC. MCC then sends the information to nearest MRCC. Then MRCC decided whether the SAR will go or the vessel in the vicinity of EPIRB will go.

[@JustFishh]

nice

[@unvergebeneid]

In case anyone else was wondering, the MV Derbyshire sank in a Typhoon.

[@slowfox532]

Super interesting! Can you tell us something about this orange rescue vessels on the stern of ships? Do they really use a steep ramp to go into water? How can the crew get in and how can they handle the impact into water? What do they have on board to survive? Thank you.

[@Faultyde]

Super

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

Is the conductivity of fresh water still enough to activate a released EPIRB?

[@nicazer]

Maybe. Most freshwater bodies (such as lakes) should have enough, but some won't. I recommend the "test before trust" doctrine, which is exactly as stated.

[@brandleesee]

HRU is not mentioned near the end of the video. So, in order for EPIRB to be released from its mounting when there is no time to collect it prior abandoning ship, a Hydrostatic Release Unit upon sensing pressure from water when vessel is submerged beyond approximately two meters will severe the rope at the mounting liberating the unit enabling it to float to the surface and activate.

[@bhaveshrohira648]

Can u make a video on the great circle formula?

[@keybchet9986]

Since was hen eperb used on ships?

[@SandaruLewis]

Hi amazing video. I have a question. Doesn't it float with the ocean currents ? Is there a mechanism to stay stationary on the surface?

[@FerralVideo]

I imagine that this can actually a benefit. Any unpowered survival craft (life rafts - which also automatically deploy when the ship is submerged rapidly, check out CN's video on them!) will be drifting with the currents as well, which will direct rescue efforts towards the survivors. Additionally, the units can be tethered to powered life-boats or life-rafts to keep them from going too far, if you had some time before your vessel went down.

[@ExperiencePlayers]

Top

[@spook9780]

Is the ship the P&O Pacific Jewel/Dawn or am I way too blind to see the differences between ships

[@scroogemcduckenjoyer]

Is it recommended to have both an EPIRB and a SART active?

[@bingchillin3628]

Eprib search range without gps: 400ft search area Epirb search rabge with gps: narrows it down to a 10ft search range.

[@500bathtubs6]

does a bigger ship , like a cruise ship carry multiple epirbs ? in case one is not activated ...

[@modernkennnern]

Not gonna lie, I don't think I'll ever have use for the tutorial at the end. I did watch it though, so thanks ^^

[@shubhambajpai7464]

EPIRB only transmits MMSI no. 15 digit hexadecimal code -and Registration No.

[@G31M1]

I can’t believe a ship can just sink in seconds but also I saw a russian ship break in half during a storm and that was also pretty scary and u believable. I think if it wasn’t for the sacrifice of some of the crew members that sinking would have been an even bigger disaster

[@hellhound7572]

Love it....but what about the sunk ship itself is there anything that will help find the ship??

[@bongdapanipuri69]

If the ship was moving/drifting while sinking, then they would take time to find the wreck. Most ships don't move while sinking, so the wreck would be directly under the place where it started to sink.

[@BlondeQtie]

no one cares about finding your ship in the middle of the ocean. only in shallow waters that are frequented a lot they will look for it to remove it for safety or mark it in the map. you cannot dive that deep just to retrieve any personal items.

[@f-22araptoryamato26]

Hey Casual Navigation, can you do a video on the MV Dõna Paz? Thanks because the ship is from my mom’s country.

[@CasualNavigation]

I've not heard of that one, but I'll have a read of the story.

[@civmar1]

No epirb signal from Derbyshire? Any opinion why?

[@bzelarchannel1859]

❤

[@BakedBanana]

oh!

[@resetplayz53]

This reminded me of something bad that happened to me in vehicle simulator... I left port on Carpathia and about a mile away from land it was foggy and I looked to the side and titanic II was on a direct course for Collison and it sank me within seconds

[@bongdapanipuri69]

1:55 why does the beep sound like the beep from SYNC® systems?

[@janb4284]

Can i keep the EPIRB inside the life-raft or is it`s ceiling already enough distortion for the EPIRB?

[@JNDlego57]

“Clear view of the sky” seems to me like that the roof of the life raft will hinder the signal. It may not, but in an emrgency situation, why risk it? You could probably keep it in the life raft but you’ll have to manually activate it, if you manage to escape and get to the lifecraft in the first place.

[@JNDlego57]

Rich H I highly doubt the ocean somehow acts as part of the antenna system considering that water is a fantastic absorber of almost all radio waves except ELF, or extremely low frequency, which is not what GPS satellites use

[@JNDlego57]

Rich H Then please do explain how the ocean water acts as part of the antenna system. EPIRBs send their signals at 406MHz and 121.5MHz. When underwater, submarines use ELF, or extremely low frequency, which is only between 3 and 30 Hz. Not MHz, but Hz. ELF is able to travel roughly 120 feet deep into saltwater while barely having enough bandwidth to transmit a few words per minute. This is because any higher radio frequencies are able to travel mere inches in water. So unless you can somehow explain it, there is no way the ocean water can contribute to the transmitting/recieving ability of the EPIRB.

[@BlondeQtie]

the roof of the life raft will hinder the signal

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Cover the MV Estonia

[@avgeekshorts]

Don't worry Germans have rov

[@bafljhalsdfj]

What is the first ship mentioned in the beginning? Can't discern the name and there is no mention of it in writing. Sounds like "MV dabership"

[@CasualNavigation]

It is the Derbyshire

[@FriedrichHerschel]

MV Derbyshire en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Derbyshire

[@billgross3579]

Is the EPIRB teathered to the ship in any way? What's to keep it from drifting far away from the the sunken ship's location if not found right away? Thanks!!

[@maxstr]

I believe the first blip it makes will be recorded, so rescuers just need to look at location of the first contact

[@BenSmith-qw4kd]

I think the drift is a feature, not a bug. The point of the beacon is to locate survivors, who will presumably also be drifting in the same current.

[@goncho007]

I have two questions: Why don't planes carry one of these? And for how long the batteries last? Do they need to be changed for every trip?

[@tgm9991]

ELTs are the version of these for the aviation industry the FAA, transport Canada and EASA states requires them on board most aircraft Registered with them or flying within their airspace IIRC I'm not sure on other countries and no they don't need to be re charged don't think any of the different beacons have rechargeable batteries at all they do have expiry dates on the batteries that you to change them by and should change them after the beacon gets used.

[@mimimislav2734]

What would happen if EPIRB was activated but not registered?

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

Please make a video on SART thanks

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

@Rich H hey thanks I m A seafarer myself this is very nice info but why is the xband called 3 cm radar?

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

@Rich H thanks Rich are u a seafarer ?

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

@Rich H wow that's cool Where are u from ?

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

@Rich H well thnx for the info sir we only talk about these things is drills that too very briefly I m from India and am a Motorman planning for exams .

[@ashieldgurlhosur4455]

@Rich H always will Thnx and Have a great time

[@shubhambajpai7464]

Dnt Say monitoring stations its LUT who breaks 15 digit hexadecimal code.

[@geisterfahreruberholer2171]

Smal boy with funny name safing lifes every year.

[@Alucard-gt1zf]

How does the test setting work without actually sending out the signal to the satellite?

[@peter_smyth]

My guess is it has a little status light to show that it's on. Maybe they have a way of transmitting a test signal that gets relayed to the beacon's owners without triggering a rescue operation.

[@tgm9991]

Pretty sure it sends a signal that the satellites are programmed to recognise and to just discard and don't relay and it will light up on the EPIRB to say it was transmitted. 406 beacons until just last year and only the very newest ones on the market never knew if any signal was ever received by anything so knowing it can sent a signal is all the test needs to check.

[@avgeekshorts]

What about ROV

[@zeinalfawwaz]

❤🎉

[@JavierCR25]

Now I want one of this...

[@JohnJohansen2]

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 should have had one of these.

[@bongdapanipuri69]

They do. It's called a CVR (Cockpit Voice Recorder) and a black box (i forgot whats inside it)

[@JohnJohansen2]

@@bongdapanipuri69 FDR

[@DrunkyMonkey1000]

If using an EPIRB is a distress signal how can the vessels in vicinity detect that you have activated it?

[@vollelektrolysierer5773]

First of all, the MRCC handling the rescue can put out an area or general call to all ships in the vicinity of the EPRIB using radio or satellite communication, letting them know of the distress. In addition to the 406 MHz satelitte signal, most EPIRBs send a weaker signal on 121.5 MHz for vessels and aircraft to home in on. Some come with an intergrated radar transponder (SART), that will show a distinctive signal on the screen of nearby vessels when hit by their radar beam.

[@alanj9391]

Some, like the one I have on my boat, also transmit an AIS signal, which will be picked up by any vessel with an AIS receiver.

[@marquisdehoto1638]

Can you somehow survive if you ship sinks and you are still on it? Is it theoretical possible?

[@xavierlauzac5922]

Yes, and it has happened.

[@marquisdehoto1638]

@@xavierlauzac5922 Do you know when or where?

[@xavierlauzac5922]

Marquis de Hoto not exactly, but look it up on KZbin, you’ll find results.

[@spiyder]

how the heck does a ship sink in seconds? does it go like “ight, ima head out” but in ship? WATER DOESNT GO THAT FAST

[@chrstimm9079]

The ship wouldnt need to flood each and every compartment simultaneously in order to sink. If one were to capsize with a breached hull, it could sink in seconds and it would slowly fill with water as it goes down.

[@violenceisfun991]

Waves, traveling fast, weight, weather. So many factors can make it sink quicker

[@tgm9991]

Roll on roll off ferries have a lovely huge open vehicle deck that can be easily filled in seconds and such ferries have done down real quick in the past. Vessels have literally split in two in rough seas as well well in the past that'll do it real quick too. Physics can be a a cunt like that sometimes

[@ConsciousOblivion]

Isn't there also a homing signal for aviation radars emitted by an Epirb ?

[@tgm9991]

They transit a signal on 121.5Mhz the international aviation emergency frequency which can be used to locate the beacon by aircraft with the required equipment other aircraft will hear a siren sound every few seconds or so on 121.5mhz if they are monitoring it.

[@thespiritsafe]

what if in International waters (middle of the Atlantic)?

[@macmedic892]

The Spirit Safe it’s still covered by satellites, it’s just going to take a lot longer for help to arrive.

[@player400_official]

All vessels in the area have duty to help. Nearest one will recieve a call from cost guard ordering them to divert and pick you up.

[@andriesu7211]

Can someone tell me the name of the ship he mentioned?

[@BenSmith-qw4kd]

Sorry this is late but the ship he mentions in the video is the MV Derbyshire.