How does a CD work? (AKIO TV)

[@AKIOTV]

Why is this old crappy video so popular haha. I wish I had this sort of view count on my newer stuff.

[@tm_yt323]

Stop swearing

[@michimaybe]

I just bought a cd player so ty for this video lol

[@liukang3545]

cause obselete tech is interesting

[@Victini777]

Because we are learning about our childhood technologies

[@Bedogg25]

It’s the only actual video about how cds work that showed up, KZbin search is ruined

[@localloser9937]

Dude it blows my mind how someone came up with this. Like ??? It’s so crazy that we can just put this tiny disc in this player (whatever form it is) and it clearly plays someone’s voice that was recorded at a different point in time. Like we can turn pictures and voices into 0s and 1s and idk but that’s pretty crazy if you ask me.

[@Jack-jd6tj]

Lmao look at any motor and think ab that

[@Jambroni_1]

if you were educated and were interested in how records and other storage devices i am sure this wouldn't be that hard to figure it out. this cd is like a record becuse it has bumps, and its round.

[@ariesradke6193]

jambahole so?

[@Jambroni_1]

Aries Radke#6 just sayin not to hard to design

[@yeahright3495]

@@Jambroni_1 no, you're clearly not understanding. The design isn't so much the amazing thing... it's the fact the complexity of a song or a detailed image can be stored in thr form of tiny bumps on aluminium, which can then be "read" by a machine and prefectly generated as they original image / song.

[@TemujinScott80]

Basically someone took the concept of vinyl and made it 100x better, technology wise

[@depleted6481]

Futuristic vinyls

[@jackwallace8969]

I like how you worded it better technologically

[@postmodernmarxistnihilist4282]

@@jackwallace8969 It is actually better than vinyl. The recorded data in a cd is much more accurate than recording grooves in vinyl if you know how to mix an audio properly. All the talks of vinyls sounding crispier and vibrant is just placebo effect. The only reason to buy a vinyl is for the aesthetics.

[@dovydas4483]

@@postmodernmarxistnihilist4282 that's absolutely true, but having a vinyl feels so much better than just the cd.

[@riccoescobar10k63]

@@postmodernmarxistnihilist4282 I agree

[@kingbon932]

How tf does somebody come up with this are they just like “I got an idea”

[@asaniwasabi]

Trial and error

[@mysticolored]

Also, previous technology plays a big role. This is essentially how vinyl works but with different parts. Old technology limitations inspire to make new modifications

[@haasman100]

Someone runs so you can fly.

[@380stroker]

Aliens

[@shinkurt]

Yes

[@northfarm4816]

Very nice 3AM content!

[@LeonardoNicolasNiqqo258]

Totally me rn lol

[@lawand_kurd]

I’m watching this vid at 3 am lmao

[@dubiousend9429]

I'm watching this exactly at 3am 💀

[@ilikethenumber7934]

Me at 1am

[@bonnieella820]

3:42am lol

[@anonymous.2660]

Everything with technology doesn't makes sense to me.

[@Cessated]

same

[@bulbolmarcos9128]

making fire is a technology

[@divyrajzala867]

I suggest you to read more basic stuff and progressively level up. Eg. If you want to learn about a cd try researching about other storage devices what parts they use try to compare. It may feel difficult in the beginning but after some time it'll all start coming to you like magic.

[@Pharoax]

@@bulbolmarcos9128 you knew what they meant

[@therizzgod4203]

@@divyrajzala867 bro we aint tryna be a technology wizard like you💀

[@abhimanyubahree1455]

You helped me for my exams.Your explaination is very vlear and concise.The best part is that you did not waste any time

[@weeh4mmy39]

Did you do well?

[@naowariv.3051]

@@weeh4mmy39 good question

[@digitalkartoffel5358]

Damn you guys took exams on CDs?

[@amolyte]

@@digitalkartoffel5358 computer science probably

[@merakii4130]

Grandma: Back in my day, we used CDs to listen to music Granddaughter: CDs? Grandma: CDs nuts haha gotteem

[@ryans413]

Still use them in my car

[@anonymousr1918]

I had CDs growing up, I want a sound system and trying to burn some cds of old songs I like

[@beans9434]

I was sat here and randomly wondered how a cd worked so I stumbled across your video and found my answer, thank you

[@martinfarfsing5995]

This video taught me more on how cd discs work than college and university electrical degrees did , thanks

[@liza3337]

This is the best explanation I've seen. He also explains read direction and the speed adjustment. No one else does.

[@elieriachi7258]

Pits and lands equally reflect laser beam into sensor (it is called the law of reflection). Only at the transition from a pit to a land or land to a pit destructive interference occurs in the reflected laser leading to no or extremely dim beam enters the sensor. This destructive interference occurs because CDs are made so that the depth difference between a pit and a land is a quarter of wavelength of the laser used.

[@Imjust_KEN]

me tryna memorize this w/o any use for it anywhere... STILL AN AMAZING VIDEO!

[@CIintB3ASTW0oD]

I'm waiting to causally drop it in convo 😆

[@Recordology]

Close! The data is injection molded into the polycarbonate layer not the aluminum layer. The laser diode and photodetector operate on top of one another with the use of a beam splitter. Cool video! I got stuff wrong on my first cd video and that’s how I eventually learned.

[@CIintB3ASTW0oD]

What is the aluminum layer for?

[@elieriachi7258]

@@CIintB3ASTW0oD To reflect the laser.

[@Enezari-oussama]

Many ways to store the information on a CD and many materials present the ability to receive it the polycarbonyl is one of them . we otherwise all agree that this video doesn't present how the information is stored on a CD only but it inducts too many brilliant ideas and subjects for example how is the volume of storage capacity is increased by improving the sensibility of the information support to alpha rays it inducts many other engineering solutions as well ,ways to read CDs and possible designs of a CD readers.nice remarks ty

[@videobi-4453]

I can't be the only one that just started watching this late at night

[@deepakmali2358]

One of the best explanation i have ever seen👌 thanks for your help.

[@boyinagowri3799]

Fuck

[@friedchicken5227]

How does someone burn data on a disk? This is a very nice and informative video :) excellent!

[@classicmovieentertainment8467]

Basically, there is a kind of dye instead of aluminium (if I remember correctly) and the laser has much more power when it's burning and not reading. So the heat forces the dye to change color at that particular spot and when the laser reads it, it reflects the laser less stronger.

[@HighFidelityFox]

@@classicmovieentertainment8467 do rewritable CDs (CDRW) work by burning the entire thing again or what?

[@ryans413]

The lasers power burns the recorded layer why people say I’m going to burn songs onto a disc cause that’s exactly what’s happening when burning a disc the lasers power increases and the disc spins much faster the recorded layer on the disc changes colour you can see this if you only burn a small amount the burned layer appears darker then the blank recorded layer.

[@ryans413]

@@HighFidelityFox yes those discs have the ability for the recorded layer to be re burned over and over at least 1000 times. The player or burner will erase the data back to a blank free space then re burn new data. Over time it can weaken the recorded layer so it can’t be done over and over forever but who’s going to re burn the same disc 1000 times anyways

[@weeh4mmy39]

Thinking about how discs work without the vid made my brain commit die

[@emmosea]

I learnt something new today ! Great explanation

[@kisangrg2765]

I think youtube visual learning videos must be compulsory in every schools so we all can understand more deeply

[@CIintB3ASTW0oD]

For real. That was my problem in school.

[@jamargamingexperience2124]

Sometimes i wonder how someone came up with these ideas and inventions, science is wonderful 😊

[@JM64]

So, correct me if I'm wrong but it goes something like this: The laser starts at the innermost part of the disc, and gradually moves outward in a spiral formation, with the CD player changing it's rotating velocity as the disc goes on. The laser reads data off of the disc via a binary code written with the bumps and recesses of a thin aluminum sheet. Assumedly you get more data onto a disc by increasing the concentration (data per area) of this spiral, which could be done by reducing the surface area each binary bump and recess takes up and making the laser more accurate as well as move outward slower.

[@ryans413]

Correct this has already been achieved with DVD and Blu Ray DVD used a slightly slimmer laser so that meant it could read smaller bits and lands on the same size disc and blu ray took it a step farther with an even thinner laser wave length. Lets not forget dual layers and quad layers in the 4K blu ray discs multiple recordable layers to increase storage size. A typical Blu Ray disc is 50 gb and the disc is the same size as a CD disc that only holds 700 mb big difference there.

[@grimblegrumble]

Brilliant video mate! I know stuff now that I did not know before!

[@boslittlespace1460]

Wow whatever you said just completely flew right out of my head I did not understand a thing💀

[@Ss_jacko]

Then cry bozo

[@boslittlespace1460]

@@Ss_jacko wa wa waaa😣😣 I just got told to cry bozo by the internet troll🤓🧌

[@Ss_jacko]

@@boslittlespace1460 Cry, you get no bitches

[@roxics]

The data is not stored in the aluminum, it’s pressed into the polycarbonate plastic.

[@mutsavo6016]

Yes, I was looking for this comment :) The aluminum is basically a coating around the data in the top plastic layer so that the laser can reflect back to the sensor. The picture in the video actually shows this. Other than that I think the video was a very good and quick explanation about how it works.

[@nickmattyvid]

Really good thaks! Just watced with my kids to teach them about CDs!! Thank you!

[@mrbearbezel6166]

I don't know about you, but I just got here because of the CD and Vinyl came through my thoughts, and now I have a lot of question. Technology is blowing my mind it's making me high af!

[@sciencefollower]

Very well explained, appreciated.

[@physicophysico]

Human high intelligence make him at the top of the food chain and being the most dominant organism on earth...

[@380stroker]

Audio cd and data cd are not read the same. And audio cd is not wav or aiff files, but you convert the wav or aiff files to audio cd format (CCDA) when you burn a cd, which is a constant stream of audio.

[@simonecasula2849]

Perfect explanation, thanks a lot!

[@gkp9870]

My brain during night bring me here

[@SilverWolf941]

I bought a CD from like 2002 without scratches, however it doesn't recognize in my CD drive. Is there a way to know what kind of CD it is?

[@amberrose7495]

Wow that sounds very complex.

[@tularecountycopwatch]

Confusing

[@jiffry58]

Why would the speed need to slow as the laser moves out? If the data is recorded at that speed it would be no different reading it. A record player doesn’t need to change speed

[@AKIOTV]

That's true, but by slowing down the disc when getting to the outside we can keep the information density the same all the time. If the disc wouldn't slow down, these bumps would get further and further apart, meaning that a CD wouldn't be able to hold as much music. It would work, but it wouldn't be optimal.

[@ryans413]

If it wasn’t slowed to the speed the centre of the disc was spinning the data be red too fast and cause problems

[@harshporwal]

Considering what human has achieved i won't be able to use even 0.001 % of human mind in my whole life

[@user-lp9vz6lu3t]

computer scientist is the real genius

[@kidtoucher302]

What masterpiece this is!

[@dipakshisarma2903]

This helped a lot . Thank you so much !

[@hairiemartin8301]

Ok

[@gigilaco]

How is this even possible. How do you go from this to an open world like GTA San Andreas??

[@MrRiadKhalil]

Helps me learn more

[@freddiejonesy6168]

That's cool!

[@alfred5579]

thank you so so much

[@张路飞-m3h]

I have one big question：If the size of pits is near the scale of the wavelength from the light, is there reflection rather than interference??? Are you right in 2:48？

[@tiastez]

But if I delete all the contents of a CD and upload something else on it, how does the next CD reader know that the contents are changed? The grooves on the CD don’t change?

[@voorjohan]

Do you also know how writing on a CD-ROM works instead of just reading it ?

[@gautamshenoy6170]

genuinely good

[@tomandband]

Thanks! Interesting stuff

[@wendellkirton3694]

Interesting information

[@HelianGamePiano]

May I ask, so how to write the bumps onto the surface of the Disc, what technique is it ? Is it able to rewrite many times ?

[@victorberthoud]

The bumps are created with a micro powerful laser. It’s like a reading DVD player. You can do it at home but I am not sure you can erase data and rewrite because the disk is physically destroyed in a way. Sorry for my English from Switzerland 😂

[@HelianGamePiano]

@@victorberthoud It's okay. Thanks for the help ! So it is still unknown that how the computer rewrite new data on disc. I think they must use Magnetism to rewrite data like disks on Hard disk. But nowaday people don't use CD anymore ...

[@victorberthoud]

@@HelianGamePiano maybe the disk is burnt on all the surface and there are not pits anymore I am not sure about that

[@namanex8206]

Best explaination

[@dinosanchez8528]

Thats amazing! Where can I find one of these gadgets? Are they available to the public or just certain people?

[@AKIOTV]

This cutting edge tech is unavailable to all but the richest people

[@finnz7786]

Silly

[@dinosanchez8528]

@@AKIOTV god dammit

[@-gemberkoekje-5547]

How can so many 0s and 1s exist on some disc to determine every color of every pixel in ever frame of a 2 hour movie?!

[@why_wonder_209]

How is the dot on the outside moving faster than the dot on the inside if neither dot is independent of the overall speed of the disc as a whole? Isn't it actually traveling further which makes it seem faster?

[@failing30]

Speed is distance over time. So yes it is.

[@babybear7081]

I’m here at 10 pm cause I realized I didn’t know how cds work. Like- you put a disc in a thing and it plays a song or movie. Tf?

[@singularity333]

So how does the cd player know the sound is a high frequency or a short frequency? What is the binary code for 431 HZ....?

[@scarlettrichards964]

My thoughts exactly

[@ryans413]

All music get burned too the disc in the same format unless it’s a super audio CD but that’s a whole different thing

[@nyumputinngumpetin5335]

@@scarlettrichards964 Depends on the developer, they can just set any binary for the frequency data first. As for the number 431, the binary code is simply: 110101111

[@solsaur]

cool

[@NicholasVincent-ol1zk]

The seedy dude. How does cd work.

[@NicholasVincent-ol1zk]

#themseedydudesprank10

[@bo_jelin]

but if the data is encoded into physical bumps, how is it possible to overwrite a cd with a computer?

[@TheZacharyMartinShow]

This is mind blowing

[@quarryfield]

Great video, thank you so much for explaining this :-)

[@rennaafi]

WOW

[@jukes4499]

So do record players also speed up as the vinyl progresses? Or do they not have to because records are written the same way they're played back?

[@AKIOTV]

They run at constant speed

[@swindle8359]

What about games? Im not sure if they're cds but im curious because if you play for long times it would have to eventually end right? Idk

[@vishalrajan7638]

man u have done a mistake while explaining - when laser reflects to land and met with the sensor then only it works on ther other hand if laser touches pit then it will not met with sensor

[@AKIOTV]

It's in the video. Read the annotation at 1:34

[@lloydirving6209]

@@AKIOTV I don't see the annotation

[@AKIOTV]

@@lloydirving6209 youtube's disabled them unfortunately

[@bsncomputing]

I agree with you. I think if light is reflected back into photodiode (sensor) then that is read as a 0 and if light is scattered (from the pit) then its read as a 1.

[@Pharoax]

That’s smart people are smart

[@athanasiosgalanis5854]

Explain this like im 8 years old: explain this like im 5 years old

[@hardeep1331]

I have a question: I understand you can detect the bumps to read but how do you write to a disc?

[@Jakeboy_3334]

Laser make bump by burning it aka burning a disk

[@realitymakers8023]

superb

[@Mariofans-gn1lu]

i like cds better on tvs then bombox they sound clear then bombox

[@Cool_entertainment4]

Now who tf thought of this here huh ?

[@jsingh265]

Magic

[@aidandixon2791]

This is really cool, just all the i's at 1:22 are lower case though? lol

[@kinddiamond6315]

why vinyl records don't need to slow down?

[@AKIOTV]

on a vinyl record, the density of the surface variations increases towards the centre, to compensate for the (relatively) decreasing speed of the needle.

[@ankitpoddar3954]

Thank you

[@Mandorle21]

Well, you explained how to read a CD, but not really how to delete the data and write on it.

[@AKIOTV]

good point

[@ryans413]

Well CD-ROM are only burn once read once unless you are using that CD as a data disc you can delete the data from the disc but no new space will be freed up because these discs are not rewritable some are those are the CD-RW

[@abdoustarlight8694]

good work :)

[@sajverse]

Yeah.. but how?

[@orahulsinha3901]

Nice 🖤

[@androcoder1389]

take that data to motor instead speakers,.... motor Will produce sounds. thank me later🔥

[@MackDaddyVic]

Yeah and nowdays you don’t even need a disc. Everything is a digital download which is even more insane to me. Fuckin invisible data transferring and shit. Like whaaaaat

[@elephantmoney]

Still makes no goddamn sense. How are pictures and videos stored into zeroes and ones?

[@Songwritersbehindthecurtain]

That’s interesting 🧐 but my question 🙋‍♂️ that I have for cd 💿 player is that what happens if a song 🎵 🎧 🎶 is a half second or a full second like hanson this time around is 4:17 but sure about it on the cd 💿 on the back cover said 3:27 but my mom’s cd 💿 player said 3:26 and it’s a half second instead of a full second it should’ve been a full second instead of a half second and my mom’s cd 💿 player only has the runtime and the number and her cd 💿 player is old should she get a new cd 💿 player with cd 💿 text with song 🎵 🎧 🎶 titled like stereo world 🌍 and sure about it or not?

[@juanmanuelsuarez1686]

DVDs

[@teezsultanhamraa5889]

كنت ذكى مركز خلونى غبى

[@averykaminsky5235]

still seems sketch

[@elkrumb9159]

How?

[@mkepler5861]

you misspelled Aluminum, there is only one I.

[@SpartanWolf120]

Eat your cereal please

[@hamadalansari4209]

Im i a nerd for watching this ? ?

[@teezsultanhamraa5889]

they show me bad

[@ChasLarge]

Worst ever explanation of how data is recorded and reproduced in a CD/DVD!!! Bumps (Land) = 0 Pit = 1 what CRAP! Try reading a decent text book for the correct explanation. Simply put, The EDGE of the Pit to the Land = a Binary one, everything in between is clocked as zeros. The disc is totally reflective, not just the pit or the land, it's the change from one to the other that varies the reflection which is what is detected as a binary one. But you got CLV right - sort of - not a "compensation" but a built in constant data rate calculation and correction.

[@ChasLarge]

@smarts How can stating the truth be RUDE?

[@Bedogg25]

Guess I’m not the only one who random had a crisis about how tf a disc works 😂

[@HandyFox333]

A couple of things I've always wanted to know is: 1. What is a sector? I've always been confused on what a CD sector is. 2. When a CD is burned [burnt?] how come you cant burn extra stuff to the empty portion of the disk?

[@reenatanwani9034]

😂🎉😂🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉na

[@Recordology]

Also, the pits and lands don’t 1:1 correlate to I/o - instead they use sequencing or series of pits/ lands to equal a 1 or 0.

[@SebastianPucci]

Correct. 1's are decoded when it transitions form a land to a pit, or a pit to a land. No change would be = "0".

[@bok7660]

Search this cuz I'm highly curious from reading Dr. Stone. LOL

[@DrCrazyEvil]

Too bad it turned boring :(

[@rizabazan3046]

Does the laser start to read the cd from the exact centre point like you said?

[@ryans413]

Yes the table of contents are written in the middle of the disc the center next to the hole in the disc the laser read outwards until it hit the edge of the disc. Now on DVDs and Blu Rays you can have dual recorded layers meaning there’s two layers of recordable data on the disc. A DVD disc will read just the same as a CD but once the laser hits the edge of the disc it start going back inwards to the centre same with blu ray and now 4K blu ray discs have 4 layers of recordable data it’s just insane now lol

[@Shuckbot030]

Great video! Please clean your nails next time you enter your hands in the video! 👍🏼

[@lanceplaysthis]

Its mind blowing how a very thing frisbee lookin thing plays a whole 1:30:00 movie

[@asulon6]

BRO HOW THE FUCK DO YOU PUT THE ANGRY BIRDS MOVIE INTO 0 AND 1 😭