How does Starlink Satellite Internet Work?📡☄🖥

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With Starlink internet, data is continuously being sent between a ground dish and a Starlink satellite orbiting 550km above. Furthermore, the Starlink satellite zooms across the sky at 27,000km/hr! How can the dish and satellite maintain a continuous connection? And then how is data sent back and forth? Well, in this video we're going to dive into the inner workings for the ground dish and Starlink satellites, and see how a beam of data is formed, how this beam is swept across the sky, and then finally what exactly is in that beam that allows for incredibly fast internet! This is an incredible feat of technology and engineering, so stick around!
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Table of Contents:
00:00 - Intro to Starlink
01:00 - Overview of Exploring Starlink
01:46 - Difference between Starlink and Broadcast Satellites
03:28 - Parts Inside a Dishy McFlatface
05:06 - How does an Aperture Couple Patch Antenna Work?
09:13 - Electromagnetic Wave Emission
12:45 - Forming a Beam that Reaches Space: Beamforming
15:22 - Brilliant
16:52 - Steering a Beam to Sweep Across the Sky
18:54 - Starlink: Phase Array Beam Steering
21:11 - Notes on Phased Array Beam Steering
22:24 - Sending Data in a Beam to the Starlink Satellite
23:27 - Innerworkings of 64QAM
26:02 - Actual Size of Starlink Dishy & EM Waves
26:55 - Images from the Starlink Patent
27:49 - Outro
Key Branches from this video are: How does Bluetooth Work?
Erratum:
At 2m50s, the orbits are inaccurate. The TV satellite should be in geostationary orbit moving in the same direction as the Earth. Furthermore, all the Starlink satellites should be orbiting West to East. Credit to Paul S.
Script, Modeling, Animation: Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Modeling: Prakash Kakadiya
Animation: Mike Radjabov
Voice Over: Phil Lee
Sound Design: www.drilu.mx
Sound Effects: Luis Zuleta
Sound Effects and Music Editor: David Pinete
Sound Effects: Raúl Núñez
Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca
Animation built using Blender 3.1.2 www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro
References:
Antenna Theory: www.antenna-theory.com/
Distributed Phase Shifter Array System and Method [Starlink Patent]
patents.google.com/patent/US2....
Elon Musk's Starlink and Satellite Broadband dgtlinfra.com/elon-musk-starl...
SpaceX Filings with FCC fcc.report/IBFS/Company/Space...
SpaceX Reveals More Starlink Info After Launch of First 60 Satellites techcrunch.com/2019/05/24/spa...
Wikipedia contributors. "Antenna Types","Aperture(Antenna)" ,"Low Earth Orbit", "Patch Antenna", "Phased Array", "Starlink" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited August 2022
#Starlink #Satellite #Internet

[@BranchEducation]

How many shooting stars did you see throughout the video? Post what you counted and we'll pick a random correct comment to receive a prize. Also, check out the Creator's Comments found in the English (Canada) subtitles for many additional details. Note: you can access them via the options button -> transcript -> English(Canada). FAQ: Q1) Do the two phase shifts from beam steering and 64QAM mess each other up? A: No. For transmission, the data is encoded into the 64QAM signal and sent to all the beamformers where then the beam steering phase shift is added. Then the signal is sent to the front-end modules which increases the power for the patch antennas.

[@jithendrareddy7108]

12 shooting stars Branch Education!!

[@sciencespectrum3855]

Almost 10 times🙂

[@mrtbts]

i think about 12-15 idk

[@danielfmyers]

42

[@persiancarpet5234]

22 I'm very sure

[@JerryRigEverything]

Way cool. Very interesting process. I'm glad there are smart people in the world who understand all this stuff.

[@aviral1230]

Hello Zack, it's nice that you too like these type of videos. Have a great day.

[@TheSculptr]

cool

[@workspilot.]

It is the job of an engineer man

[@bishromerabdelrahman1177]

Nice to see you here Zack

[@secretservice1816]

Hey! Jerry, don't u think Elon musk is a con artist? He is just lying to his investors and the customers, his cars are a safety hazard

[@loukmor]

The fact that a KZbin channel produces greater content than a big science tv channel while in the same time making it easy to understand blows me always. Your videos are so good (and infrequent (in a good way (for quality))) always leave me wondering how do you people make do. Anyway, keep up the amazing work.

[@BattousaiHBr]

actually fucking nuts that this content is available. hugely underappreciated channel.

[@BranchEducation]

I greatly appreciate it! We're slowly building a team... to make it more frequent, but still maintain the depth and quality. tbh, it's always a little boggling how cursory a 2 hr long science special on 'quantum computers' or 'some other complex topic' is when it's on the TV science channel. Like I love it- but still it doesn't get into the deep details.

[@loukmor]

@@BranchEducation exactly. Someone who see this kind of stuff doesnt want to be just told that the dish uses math to boost the signal. He/she want to learn how .

[@TheTonyMcD]

What is this tv you speak of? It has channels? Is it like a serious competitor to KZbin? Sounds like an interesting concept, what's the website address?

[@itsMe_TheHerpes]

@@BranchEducation you made this video unwatchable. stop being so cringy. "dishy" ... WTF don't you have any respect at all towards your viewers ? do you think we are special needs ?

[@AlgernonNormanOwen]

With my degree in physics, all the concepts are pretty natural and intuitive for me, but my mind is still blown to realize that some engineers and technicians actually made it real, and error proof, and commercialized it! And as a teacher, I can still say that you did an amazing job explaining how these things work. Great job, and thank you!

[@juanballestermolina1046]

I agree, as an engineer the concepts used are very familiar. Got a chance of use a dish last week in the middle of nowhere and it blew my mind. Its crazy how long we have evolved in the past years where we SMS was mindblowing.

[@Desman228]

Give God the Glory great things he has done!

[@omniyambot9876]

An electronics engineer, all of these technology, physics and protocols are familiar to me and very intuitive, even mathematics in physics level. But the amount of technical math to pull this off is an I don't fucking know how. To have this precision is god stuff but it's only one of these technologies.

[@TINTUHD]

I believe this might be the best video I have ever seen on KZbin in my life. No exaggeration. The technology of starlink. The script of this video. The animations. I’m in awe

[@imthetruegotmilk]

I am absolutely ASTONISHED by the technology behind Starlink, and equally STUNNED by the effort Branch Education put to make it so accessible... This is very high quality content !

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you! We appreciate!

[@Almighty_Flat_Earth]

Satellites don't exist. GPS not working in ocean. GPS is just the triangulation of cell towers. Internet cables are buried under the ocean. Time to wake up. Trust your senses.. _ Satellites don't exist. Those are cartoons. Men send signals to the sky at an angle (a solid dome placed by our Creator), and it reflects those signals back to flat plane(earth) at same angle. Everything is stable, the ground antenna that sends, the earth, the dome, the ground antenna that receives. Universe, solar system do not exist. Are you saying there are bus sized tin objects that float above our heads about 700 km which is supposedly 2000 C hot and doesn't melt the trash cans(so-called satellites) ?? _ Does it feel like we are travelling at 66600 mph around the sun? Earth inclined 23.4 degree? 90 -23.4 = 66.6 now you see it's 666 everywhere.. it's the devil's number.. YOU WILL KNOW THE TRUTH, AND THE TRUTH WILL SET YOU FREE. _ Why mercury and venus show up in the night sky? Can any scientist (Illuminati) explain this? No. All 12 months, we see the same stars in the night sky, but we should see some other stars which are in the other side for 6 months. Globe is busted again. _ Antarctica is the surrounding 300 ft. tall ice wall of our flat earth, and illuminati won't let anyone near by to discover that the world is flat, it's the most guarded place on flat earth. There is a treaty signed by 50 countries that no man can get to Antarctica, because it's the surrounding wall of our flat earth, and it extends very far.

[@jameswright2974]

Russia China sent one satellite which hatched 10 pirate drones today Russia has shut down usa ships Air craft no usa Or nato has entered In Chinese or Russian Airspace in the last 8 yrs

[@beaconing7689]

Why i cant see the other comments?

[@dionysschub5350]

@@beaconing7689 Good question

[@douglassimpson8006]

This is the best explanation of phased array antennas that I have ever seen, especially from a layman's point of view. Great job!

[@thulyblu5486]

It feels like I actually understood something rather than in some discovery channel documentary about any physical/technological topic where they simplify so much that you can't really understand it and they interview a dozen scientists making emotional statements about how marvelous and mysterious it all is.

[@Almighty_Flat_Earth]

Dude, are you not aware of the truth yet? Earth is not a globe, universe doesn't exist, sun & moon are the same size, made up of plasma hovering above our flat earth. If earth goes around the sun, then why do we see same stars for all 12 months? Shouldn't we see different stars on different directions? Globe liars got busted once again😁 solar system, big bang, planets are fake (photoshop). Are you people even real? Michaelson-Morley and Airy's experiment were supposed to prove the earth's rotation, but those proved the earth doesn't spin, they bite the dust, many experiments ended up with the result of non-moving flat surface. WELCOME TO REALITY. UNIVERSE DOESN'T EXIST. Governments , nasa, isro have been lying this whole time.

[@A99OT]

Amazing thing about this video, is it explains what defence departments around the world spend so much money on. The amount of effort in phased array applications in electronic warfare are insane!!! Billions and billions of $$

[@matthewgragg1880]

This is the epitome of KZbin. The fact that such high quality educational content is free is one of the few things that give me hope that technology and understating is the true epitome of research of advancement in society.

[@DemocracyManifest-vc5jn]

My thoughts exactly. As much as it’s been polluted by garbaj 2+2=5 nonsense there is stuff like this that shines through and gives hope

[@brojoseph7]

We need more videos like these for our children and less garbage on KZbin.

[@user-pw5rv7ei8f]

I am a radio engineer. I just want to say....Waw, explaining beam forming using massive antenna array ! That is very hard thing to do but you had the simplest and clearest explanation that I have ever seen!

[@airmailman1971]

My background is in electronic engineering. I've watched thousands of KZbin videos and I've never seen a more professionally made and complete video as this one. Just enough detail to not be overwhelming but complete enough to get the thought across. Excellent.

[@chrisfoster3772]

Starlink is kinda cool

[@richardschaller638]

Wow! I'm a retired Nuke Engineer with a BS in Physics. This brought me back to the days of being an undergrad trying to comprehend antenna theory. My early career was in submarines where I got to see the phased array stuff in the real world with sonar and radar. Great video!

[@p3yp649]

Nice video.

[@donschneider8662]

I have been in the RF, Radar, and Comms industry since 1972. I have to say this is the best explanation of RF and the Antenna theory explanation I've seen. Thank you.

[@jrphillip1458]

This channel has to be one of the greatest channels on KZbin. Actually, the best educational content ever created in media. You don't ever get this level of detail and explanation on a multimillion dollar production on TV.

[@Woogachaka42]

I'm a phd student working on these kinds of projects, and I want to applaud you. This is the cleanest and clearest explanation of phased array antennas I've seen and will be super helpful in helping me explain what I do to others

[@BranchEducation]

What's your phd in?

[@Woogachaka42]

@@BranchEducation Computational Electromagnetics. We do a fair amount of metamaterial/metasurface (the latter of which is often a variant of a phased array) design, simulation , and optimization work. Your explanation of beam forming I think did a great job of striding the line between useful info and minutiae. No need to go into full array-factor theory for an introductory video, but still get the point across with the appropriate nod at the end about side lobes and such.

[@BranchEducation]

That sounds super cool!! Would ya perhaps be familiar with smartphone antenna design? Or perhaps wifi router antennas?

[@Woogachaka42]

@@BranchEducation the theory behind them yes, those kinds of design no. Most of my work is more in the optical range.

[@BranchEducation]

@Ben Zerbe ah, well if ya have any video topics in mind, feel free to email us

[@RideGasGas]

As a satcom engineer with over 40 years of experience in the field, I can say that you did a really good job of distilling this information down to something a layperson can grasp. Well done. I would point out that in addition to receive only satellite TV antennas that communicate with geostationary satellites, there are also two way antennas that communicate to GSO satellites as well, along with other variants which provided two way communications with other non-geostationary satellite networks in different orbits.

[@BranchEducation]

I'm glad that you enjoyed the video!! I included details for geostationary internet in the creator's comments, but I don't actually know exactly how non-geostationary satellite networks work.

[@mahi-kp3fq]

humans age 200 000 years dinosaurs age 160 000 000 years.............. .kzbin.info/www/bejne/aajLomuPa9yWgdU.............. NO NEXT DIMENSION NO NOTHING.

[@Almighty_Flat_Earth]

@@BranchEducation Satellites don't exist. GPS not working in ocean. GPS is just the triangulation of cell towers. Internet cables are buried under the ocean. Time to wake up. Trust your senses.. _ Satellites don't exist. Those are cartoons. Men send signals to the sky at an angle (a solid dome placed by our Creator), and it reflects those signals back to flat plane(earth) at same angle. Everything is stable, the ground antenna that sends, the earth, the dome, the ground antenna that receives. Universe, solar system do not exist. Are you saying there are bus sized tin objects that float above our heads about 700 km which is supposedly 2000 C hot and doesn't melt the trash cans(so-called satellites) ?? _ Does it feel like we are travelling at 66600 mph around the sun? Earth inclined 23.4 degree? 90 -23.4 = 66.6 now you see it's 666 everywhere.. it's the devil's number.. YOU WILL KNOW THE TRUTH, AND THE TRUTH WILL SET YOU FREE. _ Why mercury and venus show up in the night sky? Can any scientist (Illuminati) explain this? No. All 12 months, we see the same stars in the night sky, but we should see some other stars which are in the other side for 6 months. Globe is busted again. _ Antarctica is the surrounding 300 ft. tall ice wall of our flat earth, and illuminati won't let anyone near by to discover that the world is flat, it's the most guarded place on flat earth. There is a treaty signed by 50 countries that no man can get to Antarctica, because it's the surrounding wall of our flat earth, and it extends very far.

[@ron.v]

@@BranchEducation Wow! What a candid, honest answer. The world needs more educators like you.

[@ron.v]

RideGasGas, thanks for your comment. Glad to know there are few old guys still interested in this stuff. I first worked on analog computers in nuclear bombers 55 years ago. It wasn't until 37 years ago, though, that I got the chance to work in computer data communications for a large telecom. As a sys tech in a major data center, I was disappointed that their tech was so old school in the late '80s. All the computer data connections were via RS-232c (25 pair) cable. It wasn't until the very late '80s and early '90s that they began using TCP/IP and RJ-45 in house. Even then, it took them many years to replace everything. By then, I had retired. You'd laugh at the punch cards and paper tape we used on some minicomputers to load data. LOL! All that was from a center where we monitored datacom from several mainframes, 2,000 minicomputers, and around 30,000 servers on a WAN that covered 9 U.S. states.

[@anl2468]

The amount of dedication and detail of this video is out of this world, literally a master piece. Thanks.

[@IhabFahmy]

_Those little details in the animations that make them technically correct are a HUGE aid to correct understanding. Your animations are far beyond just pretty pictures, and it shows! Your videos are amazingly good at helping engage the next h neration of engineers and scheintists that will hopefully fully make some thing far better than Starlink one day. My deep, deep gratitude and admiration for what you do._

[@domenicocamacho6184]

I'm an engineer, and thus I was amazed by the level of detail provided here, it is very educational and in my perspective one of the most valuable videos over the internet for the content, simplicity to explain, and understanding level of the subject explained. Please continue to do more videos like it, I'm for sure watching this video a couple of times more to pay attention to details that I missed on the first watch. Kudos to the people that created it!!

[@user-ft9tw9zw5p]

These days the Yoytube and Tiktok college are much amazed me than those knowages back in school

[@gkasprow]

Have a look at the signal path channel where the guy does microwave analysis of the dish PCB

[@SaraMurphy2010]

My husband is an EE and watching programs like this with him and our 6yo makes explanations make sense to us!

[@cooljoker2027]

im engineer too and its so lovely video he made it easy for people to understand it well

[@PemboCycling]

Network engineer here, with a physics background. Refreshing to see an accurate, techy video that breaks down so much of the system. It's a rabbit hole of information but you managed to cover everything in enough detail to introduce it, while allowing the audience to choose whether they want to go further into the rabbit hole. Many of the techniques used by starlink are used in your home WiFi, or other systems you're familiar with. Starlink brings a lot of things together (including Elons infinite wallet) in a way that hasn't been done before.

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! I appreciate it. Yeah- I like to think of it as supplements to courses that could fit in any 11th / 12th-grade science curriculum, and really expose students to engineering.

[@videogamezzstreamingzz9480]

@@BranchEducation bro you are a genius please make a video on how to make my wife touch me

[@boozecruiser]

Like kessler syndrome?

[@Mikelica69]

Very cool

[@Chryeon]

i wonder if in the future this Starlink will be able to takeover all our telco services :D

[@d.mort.]

How incredible! I made a 4x4 phase array in undergrad and that was weeks of headaches and only worked in simulation. I can’t imagine getting something like this off the ground. Your videos are of amazing quality!!

[@jeffreymelton2200]

I want to say that the quality of this video blows my mind. i am glad to see that there are still channels focused on informing the viewers. not only that but really going deep on the subject matter. So for that alone, I thank you. I also want to thank you for the hard work you did in animating the video so that the complex things you were talking about had a very high quality visual aid, that helped immensely to allow what was being said to be comprehended and retained. The script was amazing also.

[@rexlucas493]

As an electronics engineer familiar with this technology I am really impressed at the level of detail you go into with each aspect of the technology whilst maintaining an excellent level of clarity throughout.

[@richardacevedo280]

These are seasoned engineers that have become real systems engineers.

[@lionelcox9119]

Had Elon bend a Black South African people would be burning Teslas on the streets for what he has done with Tweeter,,.

[@Michaelobama184]

@@richardacevedo280 you silly goose. We live under a Firmament that cannot be penetrated. NASA is SATANIC. Do not be Deceived

[@jimparr01Utube]

Absolutely agree with your comment.

[@SereneBliss]

Too good

[@akashj4724]

You guys are making difference in millions of lives.

[@totoksaikam4236]

I worked as a radio and antenna engineer for over 30 years. This video really provides an extraordinary explanation. Thank you so much for giving us videos like this. We are waiting for other great videos

[@LorenzoGiordanoGomes]

I'm amazed by the high quality and detail presented in an incredible series of animations here. Good work guys.

[@LorenzoGiordanoGomes]

@Science Revolution If you had any idea of how much nonsense you're telling you'd be ashame

[@timmyjones1921]

Awesome Work On A Whole Top Beam Level.

[@TheMphc]

This feels like the old school Discovery channel, before it all became reality TV. Huge quality, simple to understand without the content being dumbed down, thanks for the great video

[@meerghalib320]

It's been a while the days of 2.5Gcollular and first get WiFi when I learned the core concepts here as an engineer implementing this stuff, so I was super excited at how much you've just caught me up on current concepts like beam forming and 64QAM in under 30 minutes using an incredibly well explained approach (simplifying where helpful without omitting important information). My quickest subscribe ever! Amazing work. Thanks👍🏼

[@dongyang31]

I was blown away when your team explained cell phone and display technologies, and now you take it to another level. Salute to you!

[@shekharkushwaha8280]

As a electronic graduate, I understand almost everything, it difficult to explain this complexity but the animation, simplest explanation of everything of how it works, you guys made this engineering a piece of cake..Your team really deserves appreciation.

[@BhupenderSingh-mm2rk]

Can't even imagine we are getting this for almost free on the internet this much information, my god.... Thanks guys for creating such a great content.

[@jeffersonwu952]

I am half way through watching, but I couldn't stop myself from thanking you for making such a video full of comprehensible knowledge!

[@yashbhanushali858]

I am so glad that I found this channel…The audience on this channel is the best..inly respectful and appreciative comments, and obviously because this channel deserves that! The best channel I have seen👌❤️

[@muttarameshchandraprem1478]

Studying this in a course is one thing and seeing it with such a good animation of a real usecase is completely different thing. Thanks for making such videos, I am sure lot of effort goes into this.

[@richardacevedo280]

But you may agree on that both course level work as well as this type of high level presentations are worth? One of my concerns is that my son wishes he could do away with university without realising that even E. Musk completed his undergraduate degrees in physics and economics. Good day

[@muttarameshchandraprem1478]

@@richardacevedo280 Don't get me wrong. If I have to choose one of them I will always go with University studies. This helped me recollect what l learnt, making me feel good.

[@saulsavelis575]

@@muttarameshchandraprem1478 you cannot learn if you cannot visualize yourself in your head

[@louiserwin3726]

@@richardacevedo280 I have a BA in Applied Math And a BS in Computer Science. I too am concerned with the discussion of limiting the math, science and arts to focus on just building electronic devices. The arts do more to push the math and science than anything. An education is a "total mental" experience!

[@lionelcox9119]

Had Elon bend a Black South African people would be burning Teslas on the streets for what he has done with Tweeter,,.

[@pauls8771]

Small nitpicks - in the orbital animation at 2:50 TV satellites should be shown to be geostationary, orbiting above the same area as the earth rotates. This is important because it explains why TV dishes can point at a single point in the sky, while Starlink beams need to be electronically steered. Furthermore, while the earth is correctly shown as rotating counterclockwise from the north pole, both satellites are orbiting in the wrong direction, east to west, while nearly all satellites orbit west to east to take advantage of earth's velocity. Overall though, very nice video that explains complex electronic and communications concepts.

[@yumirow7487]

Thx for the added details

[@Truth4thetrue]

well starlink also needs to transmit signals, so not only the movement of the satellites is what requires it to be electronically steered (phase arrayed)

[@matthewfrost3677]

Yes the retrograde orbits love it! Doesn't look like many people noticed though don't see very many comments. I think somebody got too focused on explaining phased arrays and forgot about orbits

[@ZoulousProductions]

And you can transmit data with a traditionnal dish if you have a Block upconverter, like in a VSAT

[@christalbert722]

I wouldn't say that's nitpicking- it's just plain wrong and misleading. After I saw that I stopped watching.

[@user-fg6ju2fw5b]

Exceptionally clear explanation of Phased array and QAM and the overall understanding of the Starlink data transfer is so easy to ingest. The voiceover and graphics are exceptional. Best technical video I have ever seen and I have been in IT for 50 years.

[@blue5peed]

My mind is blown by the complexity of this technology and the depth of this video.

[@theodoro89]

Even though I know these stuff (I'm an antenna engineer) that video was insanely well made and enjoyable. Making an informative video about EM and antennas that everybody can understand is incredible. Well done and thank you!

[@y5mgisi]

What degree did you have to get to become an antenna engineer?

[@theodoro89]

​@@y5mgisi Computer science and communications, but my thesis was on antennas and I was pretty good building antennas. I wish I went straight to Electrical Engineering from the beginning and follow an RF and Electromagnetics masters degree, but here we are.

[@y5mgisi]

@@theodoro89 thanks for the reply! Trying to figure out what I want to do.

[@BranchEducation]

That's great to hear!! I'm glad you enjoyed it!! My background is EE, however, I never worked on RF, so I had to do some research / catch-up.

[@tvguide4khv]

Yap, had a few tears in a middle ))

[@crowned-blue]

Things we take for granted, are so complex and require lots of work and research. Im truly stunned by the working of this system as well as the animation and overall video. Detailed yet easy to understand and focusing on the required points. I thank each and everyone involved in making of this video, thanks for the information.

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! We appreciate it!

[@Nithr1s]

So true! and then we'll have people bitching about delays while posting a pic (give it some time. it goest to the space!). Or this service costing $$. This is astounding piece of work! It is hard to me to understand, but people theorized, calculated, prototyped, implemented the software for it, built the hardware, sent it all to space! This is magic.

[@stolearovigor281]

Everything possible in the cartoons world.

[@stolearovigor281]

@@Nithr1s it's magic and witchcrafting . Nothing is going to the space and bouncing back. All are ground based antennas and sea cables.

[@Almighty_Flat_Earth]

@@BranchEducation Dude, are you not aware of the truth yet? Earth is not a globe, universe doesn't exist, sun & moon are the same size, made up of plasma hovering above our flat earth. If earth goes around the sun, then why do we see same stars for all 12 months? Shouldn't we see different stars on different directions? Globe liars got busted once again😁 solar system, big bang, planets are fake (photoshop). Are you people even real? Michaelson-Morley and Airy's experiment were supposed to prove the earth's rotation, but those proved the earth doesn't spin, they bite the dust, many experiments ended up with the result of non-moving flat surface. WELCOME TO REALITY. UNIVERSE DOESN'T EXIST. Governments , nasa, isro have been lying this whole time.

[@user-hs1ec5mp5p]

In just 2 of your videos I have a level of understanding about electromagnetic waves and how it drives our most advanced technology than I ever thought was possible. I just assumed some concepts were beyond my ability to comprehend. Turns out the quality of the teacher is as important to our ability to learn as the amount of effort we put into it. I cant believe I understand this! Thanks for expanding my horizon!

[@OrianIglesias]

The unreal detail and sheer effort that this took to create doesn't go unnoticed. Thank you.

[@silvermediastudio]

As an engineer and semi-physicist who understands these topics quite well, I was looking for a summary/visual to help explain it to less technical people. This is very well done, and unlike many presentations on the internet, there is no glaringly wrong information. A testament to the research done. Assumptions and simplifications are identified. Good job indeed.

[@brianslota4861]

This is among the clearest and most understandable explanation I’ve ever heard! Hats off to the team that produced this content😊

[@idzkk]

Scale is the answer

[@brrruski8436]

This video is incredible! Really enjoy the animation's way of explaining sophisticated knowledge like how the phased array of antennae works! I took a lot of notes with the screenshots, learning has never been so vivid!

[@alexnovac8089]

Can’t say how much we appreciate the quality of these videos ! Keep up . Great respect !

[@kevink1958]

I was an electrical engineer a long time ago. It’s great to see some of the fundamentals of transmission lines and signal processing in a clear visual manner. Great work.

[@IsmaelLa]

Words can't express the scale of knowledge in your videos. I use Starlink daily (heck this comment is being sent to you via Starlink at this moment) and now I understand more how all this is possible. It's incredible how this works and the labor of love you put on these explanations. Thank you.

[@HRIapstrategy]

❤

[@galret9899]

Mind blown. Saw this video on Roku. Had to comment my appreciation for the research and work that went into this. Thank you.

[@user-bm7ty7kp5z]

An absolute masterpiece of ingenuity. This video's quality does it justice. Quickest subscribe even though I'm already subscribed to more channels than I watch regularly. My respect!!!

[@miscbits6399]

I first encountered phase steering 40 years ago. It's amazing to see how far it's come. Likewise the first 64QAM kit I used back then was a 7 foot tall 19 inch rack for 140Mb/s @ 12GHz terrestrial linking and only went 20km. 3 years later there were 7 of them in the same 7 foot tall rack Each rack drew close to 3kW for 200mW transmit power As an aside, audio modems used 64QAM for 33k6 and DSL uses hundreds of discrete 64 QAM carriers. The difference is the carrier frequency and symbol rate

[@BranchEducation]

That's pretty cool to hear about! During the research, I saw images of the early phased arrays and Lincoln Labs using dipole antennas. Pretty cool stuff indeed.

[@SomeRandomPiggo]

Could you transmit data modulating frequency, phase and amplitude? Then you'd be able to have a sort of 3D array of symbols!

[@miscbits6399]

@@SomeRandomPiggo phase modulation and frequency modulation are closely related. Frequency shift keying was the original method of modulating signals in most cases The problem is that frequency modulation generates masses of sidebands and ends up being spectrally fairly inefficient (AM is inefficient from a power point of view)

[@SomeRandomPiggo]

@@miscbits6399 I see, quite often if an obvious idea seems good, its almost definitely been tried before

[@thatguy-art6229]

ADMITTING THAT IS ENOUGH TO BRAND YOU AS SIMPLE - STUP.

[@matyw91]

You guys did an astonishing job here! From the amazing 3D animations, to the clarity of the detailed explanation.. Speechless... Bravi!

[@dieletant]

Your work is absolutely mindblowing

[@yayany.santoso9228]

Thank you for the comprehensive and mindblowing animation!

[@lowstrife]

I'm sitting here stunned by how well I learned how this technology worked. I don't just know, but I actually understand how the 64 QAM encoding works and in general, how digital information is encoded and like... what it looks like. I'm stunned. This is an incredible presentation.

[@afrosheent3arcmichael69]

This is all thanks to the behavior of light. So if our communication system gives life to your devices then what electromagnetic frequency encompasses your conscious? Probably the sun. Entanglement could be Entangled mind. You could really be in two places at once. As a wave in the corona of the sun and as a particle, which is partial, here on the earth.

[@sensiblewheels]

Hold onto that! I don't know if you have a background in STEM but if not, this is a very strong indicator of your inclination towards it.

[@hamzaqadeervlogs179]

Hi

[@GrantLangley]

I also do not usually comment, but I needed to express how impressed I am by the depth and quality of your content. Too many other educational videos take specific technologies for face value and don’t go much deeper than surface level. I appreciate you digging into every process down to the electron level before moving on.

[@SaccoBelmonte]

You just made it all clear. I love the explanation on beamforming using the array. Mind blown.

[@Karxs]

Some mindblowing moments right there! Especially how they redirect the beams without motors and the data transmission technique ❤

[@Ben_5273]

I am really impressed by the quality of animations and explanations. Big respect

[@BranchEducation]

Much Appreciated!

[@PrabhjotSinghDhillo]

Elegantly explained. Thanks. Watching just once is enough if you have understanding of underlying subjects.

[@tomcole2077]

Extremely informative, enlightening and entertaining. Easy enough for a laymen like myself to understand but details are complete. I am in awe of the technology.

[@tommybusselle4991]

I think I would have done much better back in school if we had videos like this, as I'm a very visual person. I can't even imagine how long it would take me to absorb all that information reading it in a book or listening to a teacher trying to explain it. Thank you to all of you that contributed to this and other videos like it.

[@Coecoo]

Educational systems everywhere- globally speaking, are absolute garbage dumpsterfires that are built on crooked groundworks with crooked understanding of knowledge and crooked misconceptions on what methods are best to relay this knowledge... Oh yeah, and they're also currently saturated to the brim with politics. Stay away from them and question everything you ever "learned" if it came from a school.

[@bmmaaate]

Same here. A teacher could repeat the same thing over and over for a month and I would still have questions but show me a diagram and I'm done.

[@louis9116]

This channel is the only reason I'm not leaving KZbin. The quality of the content is superb and visuals are unmatched.

[@satisfyingvideos3426]

Hello from Starlink space

[@darrellarrington284]

This definitely earned a subscription. This was well thought out, and explained at a level most can appreciate. Thanks!

[@my_permaculture]

The intricate detail of this video is truly amazing! Love it!

[@swankitydankity297]

Your videos leave me absolutely speechless every time. You consistently explain and demonstrate complex concepts in very accessible terms, and with phenomenal visuals. The production quality is always fantastic and each video always proves to be well worth the wait. This video was no different - as someone who has never quite understood the domain of electronics and wireless technologies, I found this content very interesting and really enjoyed watching it. Great work as always!

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you tons!! The next set of videos will follow similar levels of depth, so we're excited to finish them up.

[@unoone4613]

😅

[@unoone4613]

Copper-circle@BranchEducation

[@bpg786]

This is a fantastic explanation with an important level of detail that is left off so many other explanations. As an electrical engineer I could see this being useful in universities as an introduction to the topic to help give people a baseline understanding to build on. Great work 👍

[@gregb5149]

Excellent Video! I work in the modulation part of satcom but I never had a good explanation of how phased array works. Now I do! - Thanks!

[@jaybrown6174]

Great video, it’s been many years since I studied communication systems but your video helped give me the general big picture about how starlink works. Thanks

[@casedistorted]

The way they figured out how to form beams and do all of this blows my mind. It is also wild to be that we are constantly fighting each other as a species, but there are some amongst us that are so focused and intelligent that they’re pushing us forward into the future.

[@epstein_isnt_dead7726]

You think starlink isn't a weapon? 🤣😂🤣 Dude, get real. Don't even consider the cost of engineering this system, just go with the physical properties. These are supposed to be used to bring internet to "under developed" (without internet) areas, right? Well "under developed " areas tend to not have a bunch of extra $ on their hands. But before they could turn the first penny of profit they had to launch hundreds of these satellites into orbit. Then ship out a receiver dish to each individual customer. How much do you think all those satellites and receivers cost? And that's all before getting the first customer. And you think that's another business venture buly spaceman Elon? It never occurred to you that this whole idea could never even recoup the startup costs, let alone turn a profit? You're watching this video, so obviously you have some interest in the starlink system. But that obvious flaw never crossed your radar? So naive and trusting

[@davidclark9469]

As a retired radio engineer this is a fabulous production. Crystal clear explanation of the subscriber connection. Have you made one for the other connection ... Satellite to satellite and satellite to ground stations ? I'm subscribed for sure !!

[@suicideistheanswer369]

As soon as you mentioned phase shift, it immediately clicked to me how the steering would work. I was pretty proud of myself at the moment because I consider myself dumb. Thanks for all the effort and time spent on this great video.

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you!! Glad to help you recognize how smart you truly are!

[@musicman53]

This is a stunningly good explanation, huge thanks from this retired nerd! . Its amazing how simple and reliable SpaceX have made this highly complex technology to use. I know a few people here in NZ with Starlink, and it absolutely rocks for our relatively tiny rural population. One friend had his zero-techie wife unbox and set it up, and within 5 mins they had 250 Mbps. And even the US military were gobsmacked by how SpaceX managed to drop in 000's of terminals into the Ukraine military 2-3 days after the war broke out, and completely neutralise Russian's prior mega attack on the Ukrainians' Viasat satellite military comms system. The Ukraine military now have the world's best integrated comms system for weapons targeting and control, and Starlink is one of the key reasons (along with Ukrainian tech brilliance). The Russians also tried to radio-jam the Starlink terminals, but Starlink downloaded a patch to all terminals immediately to stop this jamming in its tracks. Starlink is now Ukraine's military backbone as well as providing wifi internet to 100,000+ Ukrainians in areas where the Russians have destroyed the mobile infrastructure. And, amazingly, these hugely complex terminals can all run off a 12V vehicle cigarette lighter.

[@berniv7375]

The situation in the Ukraine is not of Russia's making. It is all down to NATO aggression which is led by the US and the UK. Agreements and commitments were not honoured by NATO. It takes brilliant minds to build this technology but it takes commonsense to stop us all getting killed and you people seem to be lacking in that.🌱

[@Redfvvg]

Yeah.. but not. This will not help the Ukrainian, Nazi authorities. You have no idea what signal jamming is. A patch alone can't fix it. For Russia, it does not cause any inconvenience, the presence of Starlink access points for Ukrainians. Ukrainians need this in many ways only to send fakes to the West. Each access point is a transceiver. If this transmitter is located in a special operation zone, it will be localized and destroyed. Over time, depending on legislative decisions, these access points will be taken away from the population, or deactivated.

[@BranchEducation]

Even tho it took forever, it was a super fun video to research because of just how impressively complex it is. I agree, it's soo awesome how this tech is helping out the Ukrainians defend their country. It's also crazy to think that this tech was designed by a fewer than 1000 engineers.

[@lagunafishing]

You need to reread history of Ukraine and check your propaganda sources. You will find that all of Zelenskyy's and Azov data is monitored.

[@musicman53]

@@BranchEducation you did a great job! Have you noticed the two panicked Russian trolls in my replies?😂

[@Rhys_Beer]

Love content from this channel its so vividly explained.

[@CounterFiat]

This is now my favorite KZbin channel. I am completely mesmerized by every video 🤯

[@Riley-Thurm]

The creation of these animation must have been about as difficult as designing the actual Dishy. Amazing!

[@SMETSYSGNIMIT]

Amazing video. As an RF engineer who has designed satellite ground stations, this is by far the best video and training I have ever seen.

[@sdotjain]

Phenomenal video with such in-depth explanations. Bravo 🎉

[@dtalkin]

A truly marvelous tutorial explaining an elegant ensemble of beautifully coordinated engineering concepts. Thank you!😊

[@mm8ball]

As a retired Navy engineer this was very informative and interesting. I worked on phased array 3D radar, so this was not entirely new. Although the technology is very advanced from my work in the 1980's, the basics are the same. This was done in such a professional manner with super graphics that one run through pretty much brought me up to speed. Super job, folks.

[@JoshWalker1]

Ayy, SPY fam?

[@mm8ball]

AN/SPS 48 mostly!

[@JoshWalker1]

@@mm8ball I feel happy to classify that as "SPY extended fam". 80s, so that's NTU-era deployment of the 48 yeah?

[@mm8ball]

Well, that was my later years. I retired in '84. I started out on 55b tracking radar, but quickly saw that opting for a different school would be a good Idea. I went 48 while it was still young, about 1966, and then kept up with all the schools on the radar until my retirement. I was lucky to stay either a technician, or teacher, until the very end of my career when I made E8.

[@JoshWalker1]

@@mm8ball So are we FC fam then, though? All my schools were in Dahlgren, and though that's mostly AEGIS central, iirc there were a couple of non-Aegis schools there. Feel like maybe something 48 adjacent was one of them. Something SSDS related maybe, idk.

[@junktrunk909]

It's been a while since the days of 2.5G cellular and first gen WiFi when I learned the core concepts here as an engineer implementing this stuff, so I was super excited at how much you've just caught me up on current concepts like beam forming and 64QAM in under 30 minutes using an incredibly well explained approach (simplifying where helpful without omitting important information). My quickest subscribe ever! Amazing work. Thank you!

[@fardeenmohammad2781]

Amazing video. The Technology behind and concepts used in stark-link are explained very well.

[@brentnorrod300]

Great video, right down to the antenna theory. James Maxwell applauds you :) I'm an RF design engineer and have been working with phase array antenna systems for the last 3 decades. Now days I do a lot of the beam steering control code. I'm passing your link on to some of my young coworkers, and others.

[@Tyasur]

Just found this video, and I'm blown away by the quality. I am an electrical engineer in this field and have worked on almost every aspect of what you guys have described in this video. Your animations do an amazing job of describing how some very complicated processes work in laymen terms. I am going to share this video with many people - thank you for what you do!

[@keithmccann6601]

only just found this - brilliant video - i'm a retired telecoms engineer and didn't know most of this content!!! - modern compute and comms tech is getting really close to magic now!!!

[@bnunesc]

What an amazing work you guys did there. Thank you. Subscribed

[@chbrules]

The amount of science and engineering here to make this product work is absolutely astounding. This is marvel of human creation. Thank you so much for curating and bringing this information to us plebs.

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you for watching and commenting!!

[@IFaTaLiTyl]

The videos created by this channel are absolutely astonishing. Each one has a quality and depth that can be matched by only a few others. I love how even the intricate details are discussed, without getting lost in it. The research and work that goes in each video must be immense. My respect to the creators for providing this amazing content for free, teaching the public and creating a new generation of engineers that will advance humanity one step further. Thank you, thank you!

[@DarkvoltSilver778-cl7iq]

GLOBAL SATELLITE SYMMETRIC INTERNET

[@jolujo5842]

Excellent in depth video. Very well directed and easy to follow. Keep up the good work. Thank you to all involved. ✌👍

[@garywilburn7384]

i was a radar tech in the navy, this is an Excellent, Grade A explanation. top notch

[@SamMcCaa]

I've liked all your videos, but I really liked this one, so I decide to become a member and support your channel. Keep up the great work!!

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you for becoming a member!! We appreciate it, and will keep at it!

[@alihussein1005]

I don’t normally comment on a video , but this one left me totally amazed !! Kudos for the incredible amount of work you’ve all put in this video 🎉

[@kiyomiswan4871]

wow...never ever thought anyone could explain such complexity by animation to such degree of simplify understanding. really awsome work and effort ! you folks can probly explain justa bout anything to a common person.

[@RaphaelRafiBarak]

Amazingly presented narrated and compiled thank you very much please keep showing the same in various topics

[@babsbarry7042]

This video deserves millions of views because of the sheer amount of work put into it. I don't understand all the concepts but I feel better enlightened about something that'll soon become an everyday use item. Thank you Branch education! You guys are the bomb! Btw, i loosely counted give or take 8 stars.

[@StrangeWorld11191]

you understand that this scenario requires milions of fairly inteligent youtube users within certain intetest zone in order to be possible

[@anishnaabehistorypodcast7215]

@@StrangeWorld11191 plus time

[@marianf25]

You know they put more value on what people learn than how much money the video makes, when they recommend watching it at 1.25 or 1.5 speed, knowing that youtube will consider the video as having less watch time when people watch it at increased speed. I love when a channel values my time.

[@0neIntangible]

I had to laugh when it was recommended to play faster than normal speed. I have post surgery cognition issues and my brain is fogged up a lot from the pain meds,, so I've been playing all my KZbin videos and movies at 0.75 or three quarters speed just to be able to follow and understand the storylines and presentations.

[@reeeeeeeam511]

This is incredible technology and great video quality. Comprehendible, well voiced, and shown beautifully.

[@Warley.Araujo]

What a great video!!! Really cool all the details to explain how starlink works, congrats!!

[@DerpyNetworking]

This is one of my favorite KZbin channels. It gives enough detail for everything to make sense but doesn't get lost in the weeds. I can do further research on my own if I am more curious about specific details. It adds a new level of excitement to my dishy. Starlink has changed my life. Out in the boondocks we've been neglected by our monopolies for decades. I'm finally able to do things that I couldn't dream of. A whole family trying to use four megabits is a nightmare!

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks, great to hear that Starlink has helped you! Hopefully, it keeps staying as great as it has been.

[@TrevorSullivan]

I've been using Starlink at home for almost 2.5 years. I never really understood how it worked until I saw this video. This is absolutely mind-blowing, and legitimately brought me to tears, out of sheer amazement.

[@__mati]

This is the best explanation I have ever seen in KZbin, thank you so much for this.

[@iamuak]

Amazing, Detailed Video... you deserve a respect.