How every medieval King of England died

In this video we will look at how each mediaeval King of England died
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Sources.
The Anglo-Saxon chronicles.
Asser's Life of Alfred the Great.
Britain's royal families, Alison Weir
Chronicles of the age of Chivalry, Elizabeth Hallam, Hugh Trevor-Roper
The Domesday Book, Coombe Books.
Kings, Queens, bones and Bastards, David Hilliam.
Cnut, England's Viking King. M.K Lawson.
King Cnut, W.B. Barlett.
The Norman conquest, Teresa Cole.
Edward the Confessor, Peter Rex.
I never knew that about Royal Britain, Christopher Winn.
A great and terrible king, Marc Morris.
The battle of Hastings, Jim Bradbury.
Richard III and the princes in the tower, A.J. Pollard.
The kings and queens of England and Scotland, Maria Costantino.
King and Queens of England and Great Britain, Eric, R, Delderfield.
King and Queens of England, Nigel Cawthorne.
King and Queens, Professor David Loades.
King John, Marc Morris.
Edward IV, Jeffrey James
Henry III, Stephen Church.
William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England
From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen
The lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine
The eulogy of Queen Emma
The life of King Edward who rests at Westminster anonymous author
The battle of Hastings, Jim Bradbury
Early sources of Scottish history Volume 2
The deaths of Kings, Michael Evans
The annals of Roger of Howden.
Stephen and Matilda, the Civil war, Jim Bradbury.
Henry II, Wilfred Lewis Warren
King John, Stephen church
KING HENRY III AND THE LORD EDWARD VOLUME II
Eleanor of Provence : queenship in thirteenth-century England, Howell, Margaret
by Frederick Maurice Powicke
The life and reign of Edward I by Clifford, Edmund
Edward II : the unconventional king, Warner, Kathryn.
Isabella and the strange death of Edward II by Doherty, P. C
The Reign of Edward III by Ormrod, W. M.
Richard II and the English Nobility. Anthony Tuck
The fears of Henry IV : the life of England's self-made king, Ian Mortimer
The usurper king : Henry of Bolingbroke, 1366-99 by Bruce, Marie Louise
Warrior king : the life of Henry V by Dockray, Keith
Henry VI by Christie, Mabel Elizabeth
This sun of York : a biography of Edward IV Lady Mary Clive
Edward IV, England's Forgotten Warrior King: His Life, His People, and His Legacy by Dr. Anthony Corbet
Henry VIII King and court, Alison Weir

[@Embracehistoria]

References reference 1 page 76 Asser life of King Alfred. Reference 2 page 88-89 Asser's life of King Alfred reference 3 page 90 Asser's life of King Alfred reference 4 page 101 Asser's life of King Alfred reference 5 www.nhs.uk/conditions/crohns-disease/ reference 6 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Volume 84 May 1991 303 Reference 7 page 104, Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton. Reference 8 page 110 Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton. reference 9 page 112-113 Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton. Reference 10 page 145 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen Reference 11 Eadred (d. 955) Ann Williams, article link www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8510 Reference 12 page 162 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen Reference 13 page 121 The lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine, reference 14 pages 318-319-320 The Anglo-Saxons, Marc Morris. reference 15 page 137 The lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine Reference 16 page 141 The lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine reference 17 page 193 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen reference 18 page 21 Kings, Queens, bones and bastards, David Hilliam Reference 19 page 148-149 Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton. reference 20 page 195 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen reference 21 page 159/160 King Cnut W.B.Bartlett. reference 22 page 31 The eulogy of Queen Emma reference 23 page 370, The Anglo-Saxons, Marc Morris. page 108 Cnut, England's Viking King, M.K. Lawson. page 256 King Cnut, W.B. Bartlett. reference 24 page 39 The eulogy of Queen Emma reference 25 page 162 The Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton reference 26 page 53 The life of King Edward who rests at Westminster anonymous author Reference 27 page 55 The life of King Edward who rests at Westminster anonymous author Reference 28, page 89 The Norman conquest, Teresa Cole. page 160 Edward the confessor, Peter Rex. reference 29 page 277-278 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen reference 30 page 192-193 Teresa Cole, The Norman conquest. Chapter six of The battle of Hastings, Jim Bradbury. page 403, The Anglo-Saxons Marc Morris page 226-227-228-229-230-231 The Battle of Hastings 1066, M.K.Lawson. reference 31 page 15 Early sources of Scottish history Volume 2 reference 32 Page 246 The Norman conquest, Teresa Cole. page 4 The deaths of Kings, Michael Evans reference 33 page 245 Anglo-Saxon chronicles, Michael Swanton reference 34 page 345 William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen reference 35 page 489, William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen page 185 Early sources of Scottish history, volume 2. page 263 Anglo-Saxons chronicles, Michael Swanton reference 36 page 253-254, The annals of Roger of Howden. reference 37 page 179 Stephen and Matilda, the Civil war, Jim Bradbury. reference 38 pages 627-628 Henry II, Wilfred Lewis Warren, pages 110-111 The annals of Roger of Howden reference 39 pages 452-453 The annals of Roger of Howden. page 8 The Deaths of King, Michael Evans. page 42 Kings, queens, bones and bastards, David Hilliam. reference 40 page 282-283 King John, Marc Morris page 9 The death of Kings, Michael Evans page 247-248 King John, Stephen church reference 41 page 588 KING HENRY III AND THE LORD EDWARD VOLUME II by Frederick Maurice Powicke reference 42 page 103 Marc Morris, A great and terrible king, Edward 1st page 253 Eleanor of Provence : queenship in thirteenth-century England, Howell, Margaret reference 43 page 323 The life and reign of Edward I by Clifford, Edmund reference 44 page 162, Chronicles of the age of chivalry, Elizabeth Hallam, Hugh Trevor-Roper. reference 45 chapter 16, four conspiracies and and a funeral, Edward II : the unconventional king, Warner, Kathryn. chapter 17, The curious case of the king who lived. Reference 46 page 242-243 Edward II : the unconventional king, Warner, Kathryn, reference 47 page 245 Edward II, the unconventional king, Kathryn Warner. Page 134-135 Isabella and the strange death of Edward II by Doherty, P. C reference 48 chapter 17 the curious case of the king who lived, Edward II, the unconventional king, Kathryn Warner reference 49 page 35 The Reign of Edward III by Ormrod, W. M. reference 50 page 45 The Reign of Edward III by Ormrod, W. M. reference 51 page 187 Richard II and the English Nobility. Anthony Tuck reference 52 page 187 Richard II and the English Nobility. Anthony Tuck reference 53 page 382 The fears of Henry IV : the life of England's self-made king, Ian Mortimer Reference 54 chapter 18 The fears of Henry IV : the life of England's self-made king, Ian Mortimer. King Queen's bones and bastards, page 52-53 David Hilliam. Page 12 The death of Kings, Michael Evans. reference 55, page 247 The usurper king : Henry of Bolingbroke, 1366-99 by Bruce, Marie Louise reference 56 page 53 King Queen's bones and bastards, David Hilliam. reference 57 page 202, Warrior king : the life of Henry V by Dockray, Keith reference 58 page 368 Henry VI by Christie, Mabel Elizabeth reference 59, page 260/261, Edward IV Jeffery James page 248 This sun of York : a biography of Edward IV Lady Mary Clive reference 60. page 252 This sun of York : a biography of Edward IV, Lady Mary Clive. page 142 Edward IV and the Wars of the Roses by David Santiuste, page 59/60 Edward IV, England's Forgotten Warrior King: His Life, His People, and His Legacy by Dr. Anthony Corbet page 263 Edward IV, Jeffrey James reference 61 page 60 Edward IV, England's Forgotten Warrior King: His Life, His People, and His Legacy by Dr. Anthony Corbet reference 62 www.medievalists.net/2023/08/england-king-edward-iv-syphilis/ reference 63 www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21245346 reference 64 page 492-493 Henry 8th King and Court, Alison Weir reference 65 page 502, Henry 8th King and Court, Alison Weir

[@Dimera09]

I love all your vids man! Also, providing references Is awesome, thank you!

[@maevependragon]

I'm subscribing for your reference list alone. That itself took time to research and type up. I can appreciate a good writer and researcher.

[@CaerlaverockJaguar]

It’d be nice to extend the video to even earlier kings.

[@secondchairmusic]

Geeez dude! That’s…quite extensive! 😅

[@Dimera09]

@@maevependragon Embrace Historia is certainly one of my favourite contributers to the internet

[@poto33]

You know a video is good when it spends 4 minutes on one of the greatest King's bowel issues

[@Embracehistoria]

Well, you've got to probe these things otherwise you won't get the full story.

[@gussiejives]

Speaking as somebody with Crohn’s Disease, it’s always interesting to find historical figures that may have suffered it too. Shame they didn’t have endoscopes in the 9th century.

[@Embracehistoria]

I'm sorry you have to deal with Crohn's, I hope you've got it managed.

[@gussiejives]

@@Embracehistoria Oh yeah. Mine’s a mild case; had it since I was 7. I turn 39 tomorrow and it’s been quiet ever since. Still get yearly scopes to check for bowel cancer.

[@Embracehistoria]

Happy birthday for tomorrow 🥳 🎂🎈🎂

[@Saskatchetooner]

They didn’t have one but they didn’t need one to know something was up.

[@jesus185517]

Aye gang, I’ve got it too. Onset hit me like a train but I’ve been in sustained remission for years following immunosuppressive therapy. Hoo boy am I glad I was born where and when I was.

[@brendanmuller7301]

Couldn't Harold have been shot in the eye THEN cut down? He could've survived the initial wound as some back then did, or the adrenaline was keeping him going, then he was cut down shortly after.

[@muldenthalle0]

Absolutely. The Bayeaux tapestry indeed seems to have depicted this, as there's evidence that a stitched arrow once stuck in the eye of the character who is being struck down.

[@Alienatedwhufc]

I heard from a historian that it’s possible he had an arrow glance downwards off his helmet which wounded his eye or the area around his eye before being cut down

[@Hrossey]

@@AlienatedwhufcI heard from a gym teacher that the arrow turned around mid flight, started identifying as a Boeing 747, emergency landed and then became a blade of grass. Not that I can confirm my gym teacher friends words to be fact or anything. But I felt the world HAD to know xx

[@kevendapson3933]

King Alfred was the last King of the Anglo Saxons, not ever a King of England. Aethelstan was the first true King of England, Athelstan was crowned King of England in 927 AD and was the grandson of King Alfred the Great.

[@brucelee42069]

The video does actually say this

[@masada2828]

I thought Harold Godwinson was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, 1066.

[@kevendapson3933]

@@masada2828 He was, as you said "Anglo Saxon King of England" King Alfred was King of the Anglo Saxons, not "King of England" England did not exist during King Alfred's reign.

[@catherineball5071]

If you watch the video, this is acknowledged

[@explicitboyo6157]

His rule for this was people who ruled over the the physical land of England that’s why he included the Viking kings cause even if they weren’t “Kings of England” they were still Kings IN England

[@grahamfisher5436]

Im from Newark-on-Trent We say. "I'm on the John" Or "I'm on the Throne" 😊

[@AJMerrick]

Great video dude

[@Embracehistoria]

Thank you dude, nice seeing you again.

[@Albukhshi]

@ 15:06 People wrote about it at the time, within a couple of years of the battle (the Hastings Carmine). The Carmine source bluntly states that he got hacked to death by a hit squad of knights. Based on what Carmine says, it's the dude getting his leg chopped off. That's because that is explicitly described as one of the wounds inflicted on him. This is a totally random guess, but the idea of an arrow to the eye--which only appears the century after (reliably)--might come from people seeing the Bayeux tapestry on display and mistaking the two dying men for each other? It would have likely been first put on display when Odo--William's half-brother and veteran of Hastings--inaugurated the cathedral at Bayeux. One can imagine spectators seeing it and being as confused as most of us are by the scene. People weren't as accurate at source citation there as they are now (or indeed, what they were doing in Medieval Eurasia), so it's hard to say.

[@Scythine]

30:00 what about poison? he did pass shortly after consuming the fish that was prepared for him. remarkable video btw, u have gained a sub!

[@baraxor]

Henry III seems to be the one English medieval king for whom no medical historian ventures to propose a cause of death. Personally, I think it was congestive heart failure, the "slow heart attack".

[@DavidJohnRedwood]

I did not know how any of the pre-1066 kings died, so I found this video particularly interesting, thanks.

[@jameswoolford2698]

Great narration & very interesting video 👌🏻✔️

[@cknsok]

Love these types of videos. Thank you.

[@marisapollard2460]

I really enjoyed this video, but did find the background music a bit distracting. It sounds particularly loud when listening through headphones.

[@crystalhainline8248]

I'm glad to have found your channel 👍👍

[@Embracehistoria]

Thank you.

[@stephenhayden2586]

Great vidio your a nice guy and lovely to watch

[@hollieBlu303]

Great content but PLEASE! Can't you use your own voice though, please, please, please???? I hate AI generated narration. I'm not alone in this, I promise. You're too good for that.😢

[@chaepark8720]

Fantastic video!👏👏👏

[@josefstrauss9017]

Honestly, Henry Curtmantle was poor lad, had some of the worst and most illoyal Sons possible Also Kudos to the narrator, I quite liked the few jokes thrown in there 😄

[@kkupsky6321]

“This place sucks” - Mercian ca. always.

[@michaelharrison3602]

I think the prince's in the tower were probably killed by people working for Henry Tudor he had more to gain than anyone else. While they lived there was no chance of him being king he had no real claim to the throne not being of royal blood throughout his reign he was known as the usurper. He was always afraid that he would be overthrown. That's why he was so insistent on one of his sons marriage to the daughter of the Spanish King Spain at that time had become the richest most powerful country in Europe and with them as allies he felt safe. But his son Henry V111 destroyed that alliance when he divorced Katherine against the wishes of the pope and got the whole country ex communicated

[@nickgov66]

Princes, no apostrophe. Henry VIII, not V111 , Roman numerals, not Arabic.

[@vikinginsane6770]

The timeline doesn't make sense. Richard III usurped the throne from his nephews so he had more motive to kill them then anyone else. Furthermore, they were last seen in 1483, which is two years before the Earl of Richmond invaded England. Henry VII had royal blood, his mother was a direct descendant of Edward III via the Beaufort family. Regardless, Henry took England by conquest, the old fashioned way, and ensured his lineage's legitimacy by marrying a princess of York, the daughter of Edward IV.

[@ItsJustCartier]

8:38 When I think of a king snatched too early. A hunting accident or a disease especially if reported in area at the time would be a likely death. Sucks that sources of this time sometimes leave us to speculating the circumstances.

[@Embracehistoria]

Yep, Very frustrating to research, more so the lack of information from primary sources.

[@nbah5969]

What an interesting video. Must have been loads of research.

[@Embracehistoria]

Quite a bit. The sources are in the description tab if you want some further reading.

[@pdow52]

Thanks for including the Anglo-Saxons kings in this. Some people act as if the English monarchy began in 1066 for some reason.

[@daemonartursson5952]

Kings being numbered instead of given an epiteth can be considered a re-set and led to Lazy History. I agree, History of England should be taught at least from Alfred the Great. 😮😮

[@stephfoxwell4620]

The title is medieval Kings. Before 1066 is considered the Dark Ages.

[@pdow52]

@@stephfoxwell4620 The term “dark ages” is nonsense and is no longer used by historians. In the context of British archaeology, the term “medieval” is used to describe the period between roughly the time of The Anarchy up to the Battle of Bosworth Field. In the context of history, the term “medieval” simply refers to the Middle Ages, as that is literally what that word means.

[@stephfoxwell4620]

@@pdow52 The times were called Dark, especially in Britain, due to the paucity of historic records and buildings. The era also began in darkness around 535AD with a huge volcanic eruption and the Justinian Plague. It is wrong to lump the year 450 with 1450. They are not similar in anyway.

[@wolfzmusic9706]

​@@stephfoxwell4620there's a reason why the medieval period is divided up into stages

[@jhoughjr1]

I have crohns disease. So did the creator of chestbursters from alien

[@kevendapson3933]

King Alfred was never a King of England, according to your video title. It was his ambition and desire to have a united England under one King but he never achieved it. He was the last King of the Anglo Saxons.

[@kerneywilliams632]

He is one of three most important monarchs, most notably for preventing England from being renamed Denmark West and his foundation is the foundation of the modern British State. So, no he wasn't technically King of England. But I would call it just that, a technicality.

[@kevendapson3933]

@@kerneywilliams632 Not being crowned King of England is just a technicality? That could be applied to hundreds/thousands of other wannabe's over the centuries that tried to usurp, rebel or overthrow, such a stupid comment!!! England wasnt a unified country at that time so he could never be King of England as it didnt exist. My comment was directed at the video title "How every medieval King of England died" as it is incorrect to include King Alfred, that is a fact.

[@Hrossey]

@@kerneywilliams632rather west Denmark was West Germany then aye? 😂 funny guy. There what, 17 miles between Saxony and Denmark? ✅😉

[@robnewman6101]

I wish France was a Kingdom. A Monchary. So sad & such a shame its not anymore. R.I.P French Royalists.

[@brucelee42069]

Why?

[@Raven-qj8xk]

@@brucelee42069 Macron Meteorand et al

[@Patricia-tr9zm]

Fell asleep. Missed the last half twice 😅

[@Embracehistoria]

Well, stop drinking nytol all the time. :P

[@knockitoffhudson3470]

People think Kings had it easy. Real King: Shit himself to death at the age of 24

[@robnewman6101]

I know how king Richard the 1st died. He was crossbow shot in the shoulder at Castle Chalus in France. 👑⚜️⚜️⚜️👑 There is of course one Medieval Figure which is to do with Richard the Lionheart. Who do you think that figure Could be?

[@Hrossey]

Eric Cantona

[@robnewman6101]

Robin Hood.

[@carolsmall992]

Better watched at 1.75x speed.

[@Embracehistoria]

How rude.

[@CountessKitten]

​@@Embracehistoriapeople are so rude in this technologically advanced age! Don't take it to heart, if you can help it. People are so miserable and quite nasty, and being behind their keyboards, it gives them an excuse to be a somewhat anonymous snot! For what it's worth, I rather enjoyed the cadence of your speech, and was impressed with the content as well! ❣️Thank you!

[@brucelee42069]

​@@Embracehistoria learn to listen to feedback. The narration is very very slow. Maybe that's your choice, and that's fine, but I also had to speed up the video and I never do that.

[@alanschwartz7073]

Ugh...even X2 speed cant keep the pace moving along

[@Theman-rl4uy]

Video at regular speed is perfect

[@Theman-rl4uy]

Video at regular speed is perfect

[@brucelee42069]

1.25x is better, but sped-up videos produce annoying audio artefacts. This video is great but bro speaks painfully slowly.... Like c'mon man get to the point pls.

[@Embracehistoria]

No.

[@Cyanduck485]

Spiffing video

[@stephenhayden2586]

Why platctgec1812 overture in the background yo the deaths of English monarchs

[@CountessKitten]

Because he wanted to. My god. You people are relentlessly rude, especially given this is completely free for you, and if you do not enjoy, you can simply skip to the next video and not say anything, but I suppose some of you people just cannot pass up a chance to prove to the world what a nasty human you truly are!

[@michaelpjeffries1521]

I have ancestry traced back pre 1600's, arrested in Canterbury for assaulting the queens special, they were withdrawn. Also in area of cathedral riot in 1200's. Within 14 - 20 % of many . Some titled. According to wikitree. Other side is French/ Welsh.

[@colmastro4373]

Murderous tyrants, this guy "dearly departed" 😂😂😂

[@unifynewton3607]

I've been doing my family tree, I am 40 times direct decendent of King Alfred through the Lyon line. I got as far back as king Rolo then my subscription ran out. Tommy Robertons lot You're all immigrants to me. Give it a rest.

[@louisewilliams7492]

Robinson btw😂

[@Raven-qj8xk]

Rollo is a nominally French, Viking leader? Doesn't that make you Breton?

[@stephfoxwell4620]

Before 1154 monarchs were crowned King of the English,not England. The people, not the place. This was changed under Henry II in 1154 to England and the birth of the modern concept of Property ownership.

[@sg-zd8eb]

As in King Offa of Mercia.

[@stephfoxwell4620]

@@sg-zd8eb Mercia ceased to exist in 936. But Offa was King of the Mercians. Just like Alfred was King of the West Saxons.

[@saintjiubtheeradicator]

King Alfred is truly great

[@kkupsky6321]

I once knew a geezer from Grimsby that shat himself rotten and died farting blood. That’s when I used to be a dentist. I mean barber*

[@spudspuddy]

say goodbye to old....robot voice

[@PercyPruneMHDOIFandBars]

I question your choice of music. The 1812 overture, (clue in the name) it not medieval. It also commemorates Napoleons' invasion of Russia. So not English. It was written by Tchaikovsky, not an Englishman and contains nods to Russian folk songs. What's the connection?

[@landonricketts4309]

he might just think it sounds good

[@deborahmorgan6848]

It’s a powerful piece of music and was surely chosen for this reason.

[@martinkirby3100]

Richard 111 never killed his nephews henry 7th had eyes and ears in Richards court he ordered the death of the prince's so as to remove any threat to his kingship should he beat Richard in the battle

[@peterdavidcrossfield4885]

I thought that they were all dead

[@samsara2521]

This dude sounds robotic

[@Embracehistoria]

Beep bop uzhhhhh, error, error error.

[@silverninja5218]

Someone get VTH to do a reaction on this. This is right up his alley and he loved helping smaller creators.

[@Embracehistoria]

No thank you, I don't like react content.

[@eazy8579]

VTH is a parasite, who leeches off of better channels than him, stealing their content, putting in the minimal effort, and destroying their momentum in the algorithm. Screw him, and screw his lazy low effort slop