How Fast Is It - Chapter 2 - The Speed of Light (4K)

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In this segment of the “How Fast Is It” video book we cover the speed of light. We start with the slow-moving snail and work up through people, animals, birds, cars, aircraft and spaceships. Along the way we graph speeds on a space-time diagram. Following the history of land speed records, we cover the speed of sound and include its nature as a longitudinal wave and its speed in dry air and the sound barrier. We then cover the Galilean transformations for converting speeds from one reference frame to another. We increase the velocities to the point where we see light traveling at different speeds as far as the Galilean transformations are concerned. We then show how Galileo tried and failed to measure the speed of light; Roemer’s use of Jupiter’s moon Io; and then we show how Antonio Louis Fizeau did measure the speed of light. We’ll also cover Maxwell’s speed of light calculations; We then cover wave interference and the Michelson Interferometer. And using the interferometer, we cover the Michelson-Morley experiment that showed that the speed of light was a constant. We finish with a look at the two main modern ways for measuring the speed of light.
Music:
@01:04 Giachino Rossini - William Tell Overture; London Philharmonia Orchestra; from the album The London Philharmonic Collection: Light Classics 2009
@01:53 Beethoven - Symphony No 7 Allegretto; Carlos Kleiber & Wiener Philharmoniker; from the album Beethoven: Symphonies Nos.5 & 7 1995
@13:12 Mozart - Violin Concerto No 5 Turkish II; Christian Altenburger, German; from the album 50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces 2013
@28:14 Joseph Haydn - Symphony No 98; Cappella Coloniensis; from the album 50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces 2013
@38:32 Chopin - Raindrops; from the album The Romantic World of Chopin's Piano, Vol. 3 2000

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@@Alasdair-Morrison WE know. That’s selfish if we feel his popularity and growth should cease expansion. He needs numbers so even more people can discover how brilliant he is, as their lives can also become enriched through his work. AND those numbers directly translate to Mr. Butler maximizing profit in well-deserved celebration of his efforts. Let’s help my man get paid. Those are numbers we can all agree he deserves. 😎

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Hey, mr.butler, I'm not one of these weirdos and conspiracy theorists who think you're doing something awful by sharing about how we know that there is a speed of light. I just wanted to chime in and say that I think your channel rules. I wish these weirdos would go away, but that's the internet for you. It makes me so happy, every time I see you post. I appreciate that it takes a lot of hard work, research, and expertise to produce these...

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This one has the light! Praise! Praise! God keep you brother LOL.

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The master has returned

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My thanks to all the Liverpool Groupies. My mother, who was in the Women's Air Corp, met my father, who was an officer in the US Navy, in Liverpool during WW II.

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@@howfarawayisit oh my goodness, thank u for the reply and thanx to this great city we have u. I've been watching ur "classes" from the start and u have broadened my knowledge no end whilst making it interesting and wanting to learn or even devour more. Some "classes" I watch it's just monotonous but u come thru wanting us to enjoy and if u learn something new then all the better as long as u enjoyed the journey and the updates u do are a case in point, don't stop, u have a lot of loyal groupies ha ha.

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What a great video. Thankyou David.

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I'm so glad that you continue to produce more beautiful videos. Thank you so much Mr. Butler. I'm in tears.

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David, you have a very clear, smooth and soothing voice, plus you really know a lot. Before you retired did you ever think about a career with NASA?

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Just adding a comment so that the algorithm recommends the video to more people

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Dude found and excellent hobby for himself in retirement making these videos. Invaluable for future generations! And for me.

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Watching these is a true joy. Thank you so very much for your dedication to such high quality communication. I missed the math & science boat growing up: I can barely multiply fractions and still don't know the order of operations. In spite of what might to some sound like a total disqualification for appreciation of the world of physics, I feel such a thrill of discovery and enlightenment while watching your videos, regardless. I can at least enjoy some small part of wonder in the beauty and elegance of our world, and an immense appreciation of & gratitude for the minds and dedication of the thinkers & scientists who CAN "do the math."

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Awesome! More amazing content as usual!

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Astounding.

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This deserves more views than it has.

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OK I agree. I'm going to watch it 3 times. 👍

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Nah, most people are far too stupid to comprehend any of this...

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Who else has been waiting for Mr Butler to upload one of these longer videos?

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God bless you for trying to school even some of the idiots that left the comments below. I get a little nutty myself sometimes so I am very grateful to have your work to watch to ground me, I have no way to tell you how much that means, but please accept my humble thanks for keeping the light alive.

[@frauleinhohenzollern]

".... His conclusion was: light was very fast" I don't know why but that got me to chuckle

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Glad to see another video from you, very interesting

[@mortalclown3812]

In some parallel universe, that snail is clocking in at tachyons. Glad you're here today, Professor... for real science.

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so excited for this upload

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Thank you for en-lightining us, mr Butler. :D

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David, I am grateful for the work you do. It is the most entertaining thing on youtube. Honesty is refreshing. And science if honesty.

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Truly an excellent presentation. I will use this video to help educate my grandchildren, I hope the enjoy it as much as I do. I really like the fact that there area large number of important fundamental things at different levels. Such a good building block with something for all levels of interest.

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Great work helping us appreciate the different things. Including snails, the World has to offer.

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👍 for giving the snail some water for the vid :)

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Looks like he gave the tiger angelfish water too!!!

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Hey david, im so happy to see the channel growing. I wish instead of 4k versions it was a new series :( But what you have produced is already a gold standard for science communication. Im so proud of you.

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Beautiful backyard indeed, and an even more beautiful cosmos we find ourselves in.

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Shid! New Dave Butler just dropped! Finna put it on as I bounce on consciousness and sleep!

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Ssssshhhhhhhh.....

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Waited for this. Thank you 🌌🌌

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46 minutes of high quality content

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Happy to see you back. Your voice is so calming

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My favorite channel. Butler is a master.

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your videos are fantabulously good, sir!

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What an excellent lecture thank you

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You're a brilliant KZbin producer on these subjects 🎉❤

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Glad to hear you haven't softened or dumbed down the music!

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Best internet content by an astronomical unit

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David, l’ve seen most of your videos and I just have say you are a extraordinary teacher. So clear and thoughtful. I just love your work! 😊

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Love this channel I've missed this

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Thank you David. Excellent commentary

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So glad to see a new video upload! Always informative and enjoyable! Thank you, Sir!!!

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Glad your back .. was looking for something new.. Will keep this for my Saturday night screen cast ... enjoy all your work.

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Love your videos David, thank you

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I think David is the only KZbinr who does ADR and I love it!

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this guy kicks ass

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Peace be upon you, sir. Your scientific posts are very important. I wish you health and safety.

[@jensjacobs9050]

I finally understand the speed of light. Light is not a particle. It is a signal. Like a wave in a football stadium. Or a wave in a pond after throwing a stone . So comparing the speed of light with the speed of objects makes no sense at all. Thanks mr. Butler for "lighting me up"

[@andreiacsinia5088]

Photons are both particles and waves. They travel as waves but interact in a particle fashion.

[@jensjacobs9050]

@@andreiacsinia5088 That was my understanding too until one month ago. A package of wave travelling like a particle. But now I finally understand it is not a (travelling) particle at all. It is a signal only, like a moving web. When the signal is absorbed into matter (hits a surface) it behaves like "m" when the released energy of the signal is equal to E= mc^2. E can be measured, c is known, so "m" results. This "m" gives the erroneous idea that light is a particle.

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I wish you were my engineering physics professor back in college. I always enjoy your work.

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David, thank you for all of the great videos over the years!

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Thank you Dr. Much appreciated

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Your videos are Amazing

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Uncle Dave puts out good stuff. Top drawer. Thank you sir!

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Thank you, David, for doing what you do! :)

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My first encounter with one of your videos. I must say that it is one of the finest of its type I have seen. Straightforward and unpretentious in presentation, but very satisfying in content. You should have a couple of million subscribers by now. Please continue with these very worthy programs, because the subscribers will eventually catch up with you. Well done.