How Jet Engines Work

[@Vgk36]

I hope everybody realizes how good of an animation this is. I’m in aircraft maintenance School, and in my first week of turbine engines. What I couldn’t wrap my head around was how little air actually goes through the compressor section something like 25% if I’m not mistaken.

[@random269]

10:1 and growing.

[@jasonlake2427]

Thank you pratt & whitney..only video that has made sense..now I understand jet engines

[@bruzote]

This video is more awesome than people may realize. This video captures the following visual information I have not seen in other videos. First, it shows clearly how the air flow volume is actually only a thin cylinder around the spinning fans. Most pepole don't realize that air hitting the engine does not go through the engine even close to the center. Second, it shows how this particular kind of engine has not one but two coaxial counter-rotating shafts. Three, it clearly shows the angle of the compressor blades (I mean the moving blades) and the stator blades (the fixed position blades along the outside). Fourth, the second and third features combined allow you to imagine how the air flows from the forward exterior fan, gets pushed through and will start spiralling, and the *spiral* flow from the front engine fan then meets the first row (part of first stage?) of compressor blades at a *low* angle of attack (the blades are efficiently moving through spiraling air like a wing). I always wondered how the blades were not acting like a wall pushing air. It's because the air coming at them is spiraling and not racing straight in. This reduces the angle of attack, so the compressor blades don't create turbulence (or stall). Then you can imagine (yes, you need to imagine) how the first row of blades starts reducing the spiral flow, so the next row of blades needs to be angled to face more of an axial than spiral flow. This continues through the compressor stage. The video does fail to mention there are two stages (or three? if you count the front blade?). From what I call the first stage, the air still has some spiral motion, and the second stage of blades then rotates in the opposite direction from the first, allowing the blades (like before) to meet the air with less angle of attack. This allows for reduced turbulence/stalling while allowing the blades to do more work. Again, the fans have less and less angle as you go from front to back. All while this is happening, look how very little space the air is moving through. It gets smaller! Now, an engine working at a steady speed always has a steady amount of air mass moving through it (lets say pounds per minute). Each slice of the engine has the same flow rate. Where I pointed out the cylinder gets smaller, the mass moving through has less space, so it must be more dense. That means it *must* be at higher pressure (unless you could magically cool it to reduce the pressure). So, you see the air must be flowing through at higher and higher pressure. Then, when it gets past the second stage (second set of fans), the flow is allowed to expand where it meets the fuel. NORMALLY, expanding air flow reduces the pressure. However, the fuel is ignited at the expansion point. The heat is just like an explosion - it prevents the pressure from dropping. So, you go from a narrow, high-pressure flow to an expanded area with similar pressure. Note - the pressure is NOT greater in the combustion chamber than right upflow. If it were, the flames would move forward. No, the pressure actually DROPS in the expanded flow in the combustion chamber but not much. However, although pressure keeps dropping from final compressor fans to combustion, the ENERGY/work put into the air dramatically increases due to the burning fuel that is preventing the pressure drop in the expanding flow volume. Then, this air is once again squeezed through a narrowing opening, speeding it up and meeting the exit stage of the turbine. (I don't know the terminology.) I may sound rambling, but my point is - I have not seen a video that allows you to see the moving parts this way. I am especially stunned I did not know (a) how narrow the air flow cylinder is and (b) that the engine has counter-rotating shafts, one poking through the other. Cool!

[@vagabond630]

can you explain me why are there turbines?

[@untrust2033]

@@vagabond630 this man just spent the good part of a day detailing his opinion on this, and you ask HIM why there are turbines? Watch the video dumbass

[@thedarkchocolate4700]

Wow! Maybe you can re-narate the video. Your in-depth observation is what I needed.

[@vagabond630]

@@untrust2033 fuck you man, I wanted to know If there are turbines, won't there be energy loss? The velocity of the gas ejecting out would be reduced. But then again is the thrust actually produced by the exhaust? or the thrust is actually produced by the fan sucking in the bypass air and this fan is powered by the turbines?

[@ZXXpilot]

bruzote you mentioned everything Except the FREQUENCY of the compressed air. ;)

[@5disguised]

Thank you! Finally an animation that shows the propellers rotating the right way.

[@ronlynquist9183]

What propellers?

[@kelseyj9813]

That made so much sense. So glad I could learn this!

[@joshispro345]

This was a really well animated video and it was very easy to understand thank you!

[@tamar5261]

Please loose the irritating music. Good video.

[@tamar5261]

​@Hull's Production's yes

[@alaskaaksala123]

@Hull's Production's lol

[@johndufford5561]

Get rid of that horrible music & just let the boy talk!

[@manojkothwal3586]

Seconded.

[@tmc3178]

It helped me focus

[@KhoPhi]

One of the most educative adverts I've seen in a while

[@jaimemartin6748]

Very cool. I didn't know the blades turn in opposing directions... I've seen these engines in museums cut open to see inside, but I couldn't figure out how the things don't just shoot flame out of both ends!

[@trueindian887]

Beautiful explanation.I understood the jet engine concept clearly.Ty and keep it up.

[@wizardred2408]

Keep it up? they have been supplying engines to legendry aircrafts for decades

[@karlwolf9805]

The trick to higher fuel efficiency? An amazing gear.

[@alexfright8217]

Haha 😂

[@filiplaskovski9993]

So a gear reduction 😅

[@Simon_r2600]

I already knew how they work but I enjoyed watching it anyway. Good video

[@acemaxximus7175]

The sound effects helped me understand better, thanks Pratt & Whitney!

[@gustavoechevarria9369]

So lemme get this straight, a Jet engine is basically a recoilless rifle and a turbo conjoined to make continuous combustion a reality. I thought these engines were much more complicated than regular combustion engines but it seems I was wrong; they seem much simpler than a regular car/truck engine!

[@ma2i485]

i agree its much simpler than a car engine just that there are alot of blades spinning to compress the air sucked in

[@bigchungus1848]

There are WAY less moving parts, which results in smoother operation while being simpler.

[@bruzote]

This is all amazing, but I still also love even more watching a simple afterburner take-off and feeling it rattle my bones! :-D Well, I guess I can't do that anymore. I only served a brief time and I am not near SR-71s or other AB-equipped jets that are taking off. (OK, nobody is near SRs taking off anymore, but one time I had a single privilege of witnessing that.)

[@BrunoBoy3913]

I did too. I was stationed at Beale AFB where nine of them were kept. Watched from the flight line. Bone rattling amazing

[@bruzote]

@@BrunoBoy3913 - I saw mine at Beale. I was with a small summer contingent of USAFA cadets that stayed there a couple of days. Operation CONUS was the name of the program I was in. Small groups of cadets were sent to tour various groups of three bases for two weeks. My group was Beale, McClellan, and Travis. (A few years later I ended up serving at Travis as a lieutenant in the Travis 22nd AF Ops center Weather Support Unit, plus doing flight line wx briefs and forecasting). I remember touring the Beale maintenance facilities and one airman animatedly expressing his passionate hate about how often his uniform got wet from all of the leaking fuel and hydraulics, plus all the laundering required! That was kind of funny. He and some others were not fond of the Marysville area. What did they want, New York City? That's life in the AF for most people. So, we got to see a daytime takeoff of a U2 and a takeoff of a Blackbird, plus a sit in the simulator - but it was off and a few things were covered up. The sim was cool and lame at the same time. Us cadets were a little bummed, as we had heard from others how they were given flights in F-15s or at least cool sim rides at their respective bases. We ended up riding in KC-135 that refueled a Blackbird. We each joined the boom operator for a bit. That was a special treat. How many people get to do that? I think the ride doubled up refueling F-16s as well, or maybe that was another tanker ride. It is still amazing (to anyone not in a coma) how superior the Blackbird was to anything else that ever flew high and fast.

[@nicholasaquino5160]

Bring back the LOUD JT8D's. That's how a jet engine should sound"❤

[@dweeder1453]

Wht nonsense. You have no idea what a jet engine should be like

[@nicholasaquino5160]

No maybe flying since 1984. Nahh" I Probably forgot more about a jet engine then you'd know!!!!!!!

[@dweeder1453]

@@nicholasaquino5160 Yeah flying an aircraft does not mean you know a jet engine, with all due respect. I work for GE and have worked for CFM / Safran in the past. here is a tip : noise leads to vibrations and losses making engine inefficient. in lay man's term. An old inefficient engine would make noise.

[@santinojozefmiller7721]

1:39 the background noise. Is that the sound of of the rotor blades of a Bell 206 helicopter?

[@pjbiggleswerth8903]

Airwolf. 😂😂😂

[@royhsieh4307]

anything that works on action reaction philosophy will work wonders until physical limitation comes in. this is why i love this

[@Ben-em5fc-takeover]

Thanks for letting me learn more for my pilot training 😂

[@UhhKhakis]

1:24 me after Taco Bell

[@dmrxy.]

Jackal lol

[@1974moumita]

lol

[@doapin6240]

I am the 69th like, so please don’t like exept if you are going to like this comment up to 6.9K

[@1974moumita]

@@doapin6240 after opening the page I see like counter is 69, don't worry I won't change it

[@vdmur7952]

lol

[@skbmhango4109]

This is the best explanation so far ❤

[@acreepykiwi6788]

I like bow P&W put what is basically an equivalent of 'buy my merch' at the end ))

[@geraldbull9272]

Why so hyped and the music does my head in, what good does that do.

[@tarrevizslafett5205]

Explanation is really clear!

[@MuhammadAli-ds5kt]

How does the air being pushed out by the fan produce more thrust if it gets pushed out slowly

[@CSXRobert]

By pushing a larger volume of air.

[@fromnorway643]

You get the _same_ thrust by pushing _twice_ as much air at _half_ the speed, but it takes _less energy_ and is therefore more fuel efficient per unit of thrust.

[@hanseco3073]

Question: why is it better for the secondary air to move slower than the air coming out of the exhaust?

[@hanseco3073]

Isnt it more efficient for the secondary air to move quicker since it helps produce more thrust and cools the combustion chamber?

[@superskullmaster]

Hans Eco because the exhaust air is typically moving much faster than the aircraft is capable of, therefore the exhaust will basically be like a tire on the ground during a burnout, not very efficient. The bypass air moves AT MOST 650mph in the duct.

[@joevignolor4u949]

It's more efficient if the speed that the air is being ejected at roughly matches the speed of the airplane. A turbofan engine is actually a hybrid between a propeller airplane and a turbojet. The fan does most of the work low and slow. Then the core does most of the work up high and going fast because the ejection speed of the core is higher than the fan.

[@hanseco3073]

i get it now. Thanks guys and safe skies!

[@woozy7405]

"An AMAZING gear" lmao what, the revolutionary secret to fuel efficiency has been an amazing gear all along

[@arundey1988]

Fantastic music in the background and also smart and to the point explanation.A Dey❤❤❤

[@gregorymark6014]

Lol! Even in 1st class, who enjoys flying on a commercial jet these days? Those days are gone. Excellent video, regardless!

[@JohnDoe-yq9ml]

Thank you 🙏🏼 I love Pratt & Whitney ❤ amazing video

[@luthandolaw2301]

Best explanation i ever had on jet engines thank you

[@ed.sailor1031]

tego the best to oni ci tutaj nawet nie powiedzieli ;)

[@timhoward5]

*You got 800 comments because this is 💯💯💯💯💯💯💯.*

[@funy0n583]

"an amazing gear" ok

[@Hopesedge]

Considering this video is an advertisement for their new planes it's no surprise they've dumbed stuff down so anyone can understand it.

[@ExtremeUnction1988]

fucking awful lol

[@billboyd4051]

Planetary would be too confusing here.

[@Dazhimself]

That's all you need to know... Lol

[@jamesbosworth9155]

😂 😂 😂

[@smusks1966]

Thank you very much, I'm just studying the principle of jet engine compressorsk. Thank you for show me this close look.

[@RuiPlaneSpotter]

I really liked the video, thanks!

[@rabbanigr]

Thanks for making it so simple.

[@RobotCentral]

Fantastic video. Thank you!

[@josegallardos4265]

To start with, what makes the front fan spin? Pistons? Electr😢 motor?

[@NightReaperSunDestroyerOfGods7]

Did you not watch the video?

[@alexconfidence2354]

One of the best and simple explanation

[@metalrulz9510]

Pratt and Whitney made the sr 71 what it was. Legendary

[@wydopnthrtl]

A very useful video. Thank you!

[@T1Earn]

i can watch vids like this all day

[@Turrican60]

Impressive stuff, but let's forever remember that without Sir Frank Whittle, English inventor of the jet engine, none of this would be possible. As an Air Commodore, the RAF will be forever proud of Frank.

[@ZilogBob]

Sir Frank was a true visionary, like fellow Englishman Alan Turing who created the programmable computer.

[@G.RobertMoore-dk4sz]

I wonder which jet models have this higher efficiency front fan. Ive been on flights where the engine suddenly got so quiet, i wondered if there was some kind of failure. I wanna say shortly after takeoff and once major banking was finished but before cruising altitude.

[@TheAsianpancakes]

Thanks for this educational video

[@aali5252]

Informative

[@vipahman]

My son is joining P&W and will make this tech even better.

[@MarinoMusic]

Could you get thrust and propulsion from using air on its own

[@kushalsharmajii1326]

Please make a video of pressure cleaner.

[@joshwilliams4583]

Best explanation so far!!

[@VitalMusic217]

At least this one got the rotation of the fan right

[@ahmedseada7371]

Freaking amazing video . Thanks 👏👏

[@htiekmahned8859]

So what percentage of total thrust is made up by the turbofan vs. the jet turbine?

[@abbasaviation]

Good evening, I hope you’re having a nice day. Firstly, I would like to thank you for your great effort and useful videos. Secondly, I wanted to have your approval to use some of your videos on my daily motion channel if you wouldn’t mind. Thanks in advance and sorry for the inconvenience. Abbas Mahmoud. Content Creator.

[@netshitaditv]

The background music is so amazing any link for the site or artist ?

[@ABC-dw7pe]

Rugrats - theme song

[@guyconiglio8223]

Very good video. Helped me!

[@DB-nl9xw]

Best explanation!

[@rafakordaczek3275]

Yea, but it is still unclear to me how do those engines start.

[@bobknob5819]

Best explanation I’ve seen.

[@AlainHubert]

Annoying music, but interesting nonetheless.

[@cwr8618]

studies show you retain more when listening to music

[@AlainHubert]

@@cwr8618 Studies are also wrong sometimes, because the music was certainly distracting and annoying in this video.

[@cwr8618]

@@AlainHubert easy tiger, just sharing a thought

[@ugh2668]

eh, didn't mind it much, but you have a point

[@0nEl0vE_3m]

I mean that's YOUR opinion.. I enjoyed it and the video. Thanks for sharing your comment..

[@SeverSTL]

How does it start? thanx, good video. ...... I have been wondering that all my life3.

[@gemmabutterworth1208]

It's a turbo fan because of the cooling system

[@fromnorway643]

That "cooling system" is mainly to increase the airflow through the engine and thus its thrust. That could also be achieved by increasing the _speed_ of the air through the engine core (compressor, combustion chamber and turbine), but it takes less energy and thus less fuel to increase the _mass_ of the airflow rather than its speed.

[@codenameadvencha927]

Can I use your video on my channel for educational purposes? I will share my audience by sending them to your channel to view the full video!

[@mrhoffame]

So in essence the air that is flowing around the core is basically the fan functioning like propeller plane?

[@arunk8663]

What type of bearing and lubricant being used, can you please tell me.

[@PrajeshMajumdar]

Fantastic video, kindly make more and more PW videos...

[@billboyd4051]

"A Kind of super gasoline" seems to be confusing the engineers here.

[@Waddle_Dee_With_Internet]

Non-aviators: **confused screaming**

[@Chris_at_Home]

I actually worked there for a year and a half in the late 70s on the assembly floor. 3 generations of my family retired from there. I didn’t like factory work and moved to Alaska.

[@Aderin.]

I understood, I like planes but I just don't know how jet engines work lol

[@fitofight8540]

Why does the exploding gas don’t shoot in the opposite direction?

[@andrerovigatti9997]

I would like to understand : how axes are interconnectet / or not ? Which turbin moves the fan ? Why the last turbin is spining in opposite direction of the big fan ?

[@thomasfamily42]

Which part of this engine is grounding all the NEOs?

[@brlinf06398]

the thing is, the way jet engines can push so much is because there are a lot of fans

[@abdurrahmanf.a.5624]

this has the best 3d animation than other videos

[@Johnstone-qm3ww]

Ok, it’s 5:15 in the morning.... why am I watching this . I should be asleep.

[@Roboseal2]

learn something new

[@rickkenny]

Nice animation, good presentation. The narration was lost to me at, "a kind of super gasoline"! Hello!! It is kerosene! Jet-A1 is kerosene with all of the corrosive elements removed, ie: Sulphur, amongst others. You can run a jet engine on gasoline, but that would be economically stupid, it will run on diesel, but diesel is very rough -- a fuel that is much closer to it's fossil origins. I don't know a tech that will go up in the aircraft fueled with diesel.

[@PrinceDasilboy]

Wow well explained👏👌

[@TopCollections]

what energy rotate those blades ? how the blades get initial velocity ?

[@tgstudio85]

Thanks to pumping air by smaller turbine in rear of plane, that starts thanks to electric motor.

[@bikashghosh3068]

Sir how does a jet engine runs automatically after start .

[@wvking]

What?

[@TitanFlare]

@@wvking the video kind of made it seem like the power comes from that big fan, when it really comes from the core. So he's asking how the turbine stays spinning, like what gives it power

[@Made_In_Heavenn]

@@TitanFlare so what does the big fan really do??

[@TitanFlare]

@@Made_In_Heavenn it gives most of the engines thrust. Kind of like how a boat has an engine that gives power to the propeller. In this case the the big fan is the propeller

[@Made_In_Heavenn]

@@TitanFlare oh i thought the exhaust part gives more thrust, thx for the info

[@azmike1956]

Pretty badass! Slow down the fan for more thrust & better efficiency. Who'da thought!😉

[@jaffacalling53]

The most efficient engine is one that spits out a stream of air at almost the same velocity of the external airstream. So if your plane flies at 560 mph, a high bypass engine will dump air out the back at just below the speed of sound.

[@ihsanullah7798]

I like ur video love u bro

[@hungxenanghh490]

Can you tell me which software to use to simulate?

[@Wunderwaffe9828]

Pratt & Whitney -- Dependable Engines, Enduring Freedom.

[@dweeder1453]

The direction of rotation of fan is opposite of direction of rotation of turbine with same spool? is that correct?

[@mrugennaik534]

I love my company. We, the dependable people with dependable engines.

[@eoghandridl1007]

Ya but what gets it spinning in the first place? No mention of a start up motor

[@Binette96]

Hi @Pratt & Whitney , may I know what kind of software are you using for this animations ?

[@notagain1952]

I wonder what the nox output is in relationship to co2

[@riyadhacheh1410]

good, may a new next generation see all these and got a new idea how to make next generation jet

[@diymicha4905]

1:16 jet fuel is more like diesel than gasoline :)) So no "super fuel" at all.

[@onemoremisfit]

Actually jet fuel is kerosene based. Like diesel, kerosene also has more potential energy than gasoline because it is a longer chain hydrocarbon molecule, so it is superior in terms of energy, hence the term "super fuel".

[@riyadhacheh1410]

what made the turbin spin?

[@TheBhartiyaTrainee]

What's the ratio of the thrust produced by the core exhaust air and peripheral exhaust air?

[@matsv201]

The bypass ratio is about 10, but the thrust ratio os always lower. The actuall ratio depends on speed, thrustsetting and altitude. But typically in cruse something like 5 or 6.

[@geagon1392]

Great explanation👍

[@natemcdonald8853]

Explain what causes the fan to turn in the first place ....

[@sharmamitesh90]

Nice video very good explanation.. Thanks for video

[@chickenychickens07]

I never knew that there was no motors in turbofan engines

[@doctintifax]

where can I buy one of this new jet engines, they look amazing

[@flavioherrera7488]

deep web

[@epion660]

Just contact Pratt & Whitney, I cannot guarantee they will sell an individual engine however. It will also be rather pricey. It's not some magical thing that's impossible to obtain, like the other two comments suggest.

[@editz_slick]

Jet engine very well explained!

[@sumthinfresh]

How does the front fan begin to pull the air in if combustion is at the back?

[@newinformations590]

Josh Holden hi my friend

[@abeomer86]

There's a starter motor usually, it rotates the front fan until the engine becomes self-sustaining.

[@MASB29]

The back blade is connected to the front blade by a shaft

[@ccdd6908]

Josh Holden o

[@trollinghacker7914]

Path Finder, there isn't a starter motor, the APU supplies compressed air. A motor would be ineffective (fans are EXTREMELY MASSIVE - using a motor would take a long time to start the engine).

[@ramubhaipatel6096]

Nice video good job .😀

[@venkatraman4608]

How the engine start to rotate /... Whr s the rotating energy come from ??

[@ethansaviation2672]

Air starter until fuel is added

[@amuktadir1991]

IT Will Also Work.A True Gentlemans.

[@slyfly3732]

if you put a tesla coil on the cone of a jet engine, would it create plasma as it was sucked into the engine for more thrust? also would it pull hydrogen out of the air that would com-bust as it went threw engine? since electricity is used to pull hydrogen out of water and there is moister in the air?

[@epion660]

That would not really be functional, and certainly not practical. The Tesla coil would be more trouble than it's worth, quite possibly screwing with all the other electrical systems on the craft, and shielding that would be too much work to make it feasible. It would not create a noticeable (if any) boost in performance. Many aircraft engines (both jet and piston) run better with colder air intake. And even flying through a cloud would not give a reasonable amount of hydrogen using such a method. Oh and final point, just having a random amount of hydrogen going into the engine will completely ruin fuel efficiency, because the air/fuel mix is perfectly balanced for maximum power with minimal fuel. Adding varying amounts of hydrogen will throw off the fuel/oxygen mixture from the air, negating any benefit.