How Minecraft redstone computers work

I know that many people who have seen youtube videos of computers made in Minecraft probably have no clue how these computers work. When I saw a computer in Minecraft for the first time, I was very curious as to how it worked however all information that I could find was simply too complicated. Hopefully, after watching this video, you guys have a better understanding of how these computers work.
A download for the world file in the video can be found here:
www.mediafire.com/?wrd148ck88u...
By: SkupItUp

[@Greenleaf_]

Better title would be "How computers work, with Minecraft for Visuals"

[@lotrbuilders5041]

GreenleafFPS no because no real computers work this way

[@ElectricAir42]

LoTR Builders at the base level all real computers work this way

[@habl844]

Real computers do work like this

[@JacobP81]

Most digital electronic computers are laid out a bit differently. For example digital electronic computers don't have programmers put programs in "program memory" I've never heard of a digital electronic computer ever doing that, I don't even think they worked that way back with paper tape. Instead of "program memory" digital electronic computers use the RAM for both data and code, and load instructions from the RAM into the microprocessor.

[@JacobP81]

Looking at the Altair 8800 manual (www.altairkit.com/manuals/MITS/8800%20Operators%20Manual-10-Beta%202.pdf) page 25 and 29 it is confirmed that even this very early computer programed with switches has programmers put the code into RAM instead of a separate "program memory". So unlike this Minecraft example and other Minecraft computers which has separate memory storage for data and code, the Altair 8800 works more like most modern electronic computers having the data and the code reside in RAM. Typical modern electronic computers have programmers put programs into RAM, the programs are then saved into a hard drive, SSD or Flash drive then the programs are loaded into RAM to be run.

[@simonethistle9069]

There should be a "learn computer science" Minecraft server, where people go and learn all kinds of computer science stuff via redstone and diagrams. That would be cool.

[@MuffinTastic]

lol.. "computer science."

[@perrymetacap]

This more so computer engineering rather than science.

[@perrymetacap]

No it isn't the 'same thing'. I'm a computer science major and it deals with mainly software and using programming and code. Computer engineering is strictly hardware. Software engineering is CS but with applicable engineering knowledge.

[@austinch3]

computer engineering is a science but computer science itself is not computer engineering nor is computer science the same as computer engineering. Computer engineering is science but it is not computer science, computer science focuses on high abstraction and software while engineering focuses more on low abstraction and hardware. these are two entirely separate things.

[@supermanboy1255]

Lunchbox15 Computer Science is that it's the study of computers and computing principles what you described is computer engineering

[@awayforthewin1325]

Man I remember watching this video like 20x as a kid. Now I'm an adult an learning this again in my computer science course. Thanks for getting me ahead on this stuff hahaha.

[@matthewe3813]

man a video that is almost 8 years old is still able to help me

[@AnimeAiFromFuture]

Now 11 years 😭😭

[@justaregulartoaster]

A friend of mine explained to me how to date women correctly. I actually found this stuff here easier to understand

[@paolokaibrennan6514]

I don’t know why but I’m in a similar circumstance.

[@JacobP81]

Haha good one.

[@straythrawn7861]

I know right

[@ivanthecommunist275]

One uses logic and the other is just madness

[@bennyboy641]

Haha, wow! We really got 'em, gamers! *dabs*

[@levoGAMES]

It took, I dunno, maybe 70 years to make computers from nothing to what they are now. Thanks for the video, even though it's slightly simplified, it makes it very easy to understand computers and their logic.

[@Versuffe]

70 years of computers to make computers in computers, now computers in computers in computers will be soon

[@therealloganyt237]

@@Versuffe until the computer (which all the digital computers would run on) can't handle all the computing...

[@volatol5783]

i have literally spent about 50 hours (no exageration) trying to find out what actually converts a binary combination (11001001, or 10000000 for example) into a single output, so i can make my computer in real life. FINALLY someone tells me, that's you, that it is a decoder. Now i just have to figure out how to make a good decoder

[@kayrunjaavice1421]

If it’s 8bit be prepared to spend a lot of money on the logic IC or relays and make sure you have a lot of time on your hands because you will have to make 256 decoder segments

[@shanepurcell8376]

Look up Robot Brigade. Great channel for computer science

[@xXKAROLXx03]

Decoders were very hard for me too. But now it seems easy, just make a module that adds 3 if the value is 5 or greater, and adds 6 if value is 10 or greater. Then make some circuits. Easy

[@lerebox]

you need solders too m8

[@JamieG0303]

50 hours? How did u not know wat a decoder is

[@skupitup]

Honestly, it isnt that hard, i read parts of a book called "the elements of computing systems" which basicly outlines the general architecture of the computer. I combined that with my large knowledge about redstone and made Bluestone :P :D

[@matthewe3813]

mumbo would know all about making "bluestone"

[@Alex-tb8kh]

if you ran minecraft on a quantum computer, could you have a melon that is both there and not there at the same time? schrodingers melon, ill call it

[@Alex-tb8kh]

***** What?

[@Alex-tb8kh]

***** "the melon of never existed in the first place."

[@Alex-tb8kh]

***** No what i mean is that if you grew a melon plant.

[@Alex-tb8kh]

***** Also it's "would have or would've" xD

[@Marcsine]

+11Alex16 Actually, the state of the melon is some proportion of existent and nonexistent, but once read, the atom would be flipped to a binary digit. So, it's either there or not there, but given enough time, that bit might flip. So whynaut Schrodinger's cat?

[@MrFavorite01]

I feel that this actually helped me in the general direction of understanding computers much more. I mean, I read about this stuff before, but I obviously didn't get much about it until I had 100% visualization on it through this video. I'm sure this is only the basics of it, but I think it's a good start.

[@nbksrbija1039]

So I was struggling to make a vending machine that works using 2 buttons (a and b) and can differentiate 6 combinations and drop one of the 6 different materials (combinations: a, b, ab, ba, aa, bb, for example b gives iron but bb gives gold) and when I finished it I thought it was a valid computer because it had logic gates and my own invention signal lengtheners, and then this guy just shows up with his ALUs and decoders and clocks and I'm just like ._.

[@SkyboxMonster]

I like what you made. my first vending machine was 6 levers to 6 despencers. of course that was before repeaters were a thing

[@simoniversen366]

It is a computer.

[@simoniversen366]

Computers are things that take input, runs programs and give output.

[@xionic5525]

Simon Iversen Hi me!

[@jordanfox6555]

You straight up just summarized a semester of computer engineering in 30 minutes

[@Furby47905]

You did a phenomenal job teaching Redstone in a completely new and understandable way! If there is one thing you could change, it would be this "conditional goto" I understand it, but others may not. Think of it as an if/then statement: IF this happens,THEN do this. IF that happens, THEN do that...

[@rcraft6594]

good point, I learned that thinking like that in more conditional statement truly makes Redstone a whole lot easier.

[@ZeldaVerde]

The only video on the internet that I found that could make me understand this in detail, thanks for the awesome vid!

[@rubixmaster345]

Omg thank you so much!!! I knew each component and how to build one but I never understood how they worked together very well. This clarifies EVERYTHING!!! Very well done!

[@antoinespadone7834]

even 10 years later it is still one of the best minecraft computer vidéo i ever seen. bravo

[@scottdupuis7580]

Skipitup is my hero for redstone concepts!!

[@rflanaganagan8489]

Really cool, thanks man, def gotta watch it again, rare to get someone explaining this stuff properly

[@DSRT888]

This is probably the best video out there explaining how a computer works. All thought your video is 35minutes it didn't feel dragged out.

[@johnesco]

Thanks for making this video. Even the most basic redstone tutorial seemed to involve knowing how it all works. This is great to both see how computing works in redstone, but to also learn how computing works period!

[@knt5429]

Ok, you've showed me computer science with minecraft blocks. Now let's see you build a redstone computer.

[@UstedTubo187]

This is not a video about redstone computers... This is a video about computers... It is a good video explaining how computers work using minecraft as a visual aid, but the title is inaccurate.

[@zhiyuanqi9995]

Minecraft redstone computers are based off real computers so to understand a redstone computer you need to understand a real computer.

[@lolage75]

A computer is a computer, which is also a computer, it doesnt matter if its emulated, or complex, it is what it is (see if you stip down too many functions it wont be a redstone computer, but more a glorified redstone calculator.

[@zhiyuanqi9995]

Your point being?...

[@maxwyght1840]

Redstone computers are 1940s real world computers. Possibly slightly more advanced. I think some of the bigger ones are more powerful then ENIAC and even the apollo computers, though they are also the digital embodiment of why it was considered impossible to build super computers until the rise of integrated circuitry: Too much room and no way to cool the bloody thing.

[@heart4011]

Pretty much almost all components in a PC are the same as a Redstone one but with some setbacks like the HDD were the most compact 1KB HDD is just a looping signal while a normal one has read and writes with panels to store the data

[@gabriell.1437]

i was lost until you explained the decoders. Thanks for the help!

[@Seralious]

This is a very awesome way of teaching redstone, thank you

[@food52012]

I rarely ever comment on KZbin videos, but I have to say, that was an amazing tutorial. I would love to see a continuation of the tutorial video that goes into how each component is built and how it all works together. Thanks again for the video!

[@MrKippora]

I have been looking for a vid or document or anything that could explain me how a computer really works on bit/byte level... I love your explanation of things, and I now understand how to complete my redstone computer! :D Thanks a lot mate, this vid really helped me understand a lot more about how everything works

[@locallyluca]

I haven't watched this yet but this sounds really good. I've been trying to learn how computers work but it's all so complicated. I feel like making it in Minecraft keeps it simple and still fun to make.

[@ZomBoSk8r]

brilliant lesson, mate! ive been working on taking a 4-bit real world homebrew computer and converting it into minecraft redstone. with much difficulty and stumbled upon ur video as i was researching different ways to take actual chip logic and convert it into redstone logic. i know it would be a painful undertaking but after hearing ur great computer architecture discussion in this vid, i think a tutorial for basic logic thru a fully functional working computer step by step taught by you would be amazing to watch and learn by. just a thought. lol. thanks for sharing your knowledge on computers!

[@luxurious0346]

Top left says *_flying cheater_* ⚆ _ ⚆

[@lukas_sn]

ok

[@blackmagick77]

Awesome video! Learned a lot. Still a bit intimidating and confusing but understanding how it works is a nice start

[@joelstock94]

This was really helpful. Thanks for making this video!

[@gamingcookie3837]

I was looking all over for a vid like this. Thanks!

[@Frogieder]

Thank you, this explanation is really helpful. With my actual skills combined with this tutorial I feel like I can already build a small redstone computer

[@skupitup]

There is a member of the RDF (redstone development foundation) named anomalouscobra, he developed a system to instantly carry across 8 bits at a time (using a 2 wide full adder) so the adder becomes something like 4+0n, there are however 2+0n designs now created. The adder that i used is actually quite slow as it is 4 wide per full adder (needed for a dual read ram layout) so its something like 6 ticks across all 8 bits. By however timing everything correctly, it is not an issue.

[@Ivorforce]

This was a pretty amazing tutorial. It was definitely helpful, and while I don't plan on creating ingame/real life hardware anytime soon, it's important to know what the actual logic behind my code is. Thanks for the crash course, in any case =)

[@franciscomorales2472]

Awesome video. Excited to learn computer engineering through Minecraft.

[@pep3001]

thanks for this, was looking to learn about conditional goto, and you did a good job of explaining it

[@skupitup]

well said, I have played with the snapshots a little bit but I am waiting for the full release before I get back into minecraft. I have been too busy for the past couple months

[@mtths]

Very clear! I have a bit experience with JAVA, so I was really proud that I got the part with the line selector. :) Great vid!

[@Seven0uZero]

Great video! I've been looking for how computers work and you just answered it with best way possible!

[@adrienk339]

Very good tutorial. I watched it a lot of times, just to take the time to understand everything. Gj :)

[@kruls]

Awesome video. Very informative, good flow, excellent speech. If you actually recorded this all in one take you're amazing.

[@skupitup]

haha no problem. Ya its definatly good to know what goes on behind the scenes. Thanks for the positive comment :D

[@Felixjin]

This is really well done and easy to understand.

[@MaderHaker]

I have already finished my very very simple computer, but you refreshed my mind and knowledge. Thank you. :)

[@skupitup]

using the new update, yes, analog logic is possible, and basic capacitors are possible

[@dasten123]

wanted to leave because I have no time for this, but I stayed because the presentation was really good

[@skupitup]

so what you are telling me is that if you have a desktop computer without a mouse or keyboard attached, its not a computer??? It is still a CPU regardless, as long as it can store and process values.

[@benaiahhendrickson9850]

Some of these people don’t even know what 1011 means

[@skupitup]

The multiplexer for the lines of code is part of the goto system. Basicly, the decoder part accesses one of the many conditions to look at. Based on the whether the condition accessed is true or false, the multiplexer will chose to output one of the two lines of code that is programmed. Therefore if the condition is true, it will GoTo one line of code and if the condition is false, it will GoTo a separate, different line. Hope this helps

[@addisonland3004]

Thanks a lot!! I have been trying to build a minecraft computer and I only understood a little bit of it. But you helped me understand even more!!

[@joshualeivenzon9613]

Thanks for making this video, it's really helpful.

[@sofusdawids626]

Very well explained. Now i'm looking forward to my own computer in minecraft.

[@milest9754]

I’m so happy I watched this vid. I have been using a decoder that is insanely huge and slow

[@saganmcvander636]

The only person to actually explain how a computer works without being pretentious. Have a cookie my good sir, hell, have a whole box!

[@saganmcvander636]

That's because you don't understand logic gates and programming yet. Logic gates are extremely crucial to the entire system because they are like physical programming language. The interesting thing about programming languages and logic gates is that you can create entire computers with logic gates, no programming required. Not, or, xor, and, ect. The interesting thing about memory storage in base 2 is that each location in base 2 can be designated as something different all on the same memory block. For example, you can get a computer to assign programming to a memory block with 00, 01, 10, and 11, or more, because each of those can be not, or, xor, and. The thing is that when a memory block is called, it's processed in a cpu normally one at a time. The reason why quad core is so great is because it processes four at a time. Some people who bit coin mine have way more than 100 cores, yet, nobody believes anyone would do this. The design is also modular, meaning you can copy and paste the design of anything and expand upon it as much as you want. I think I'll make you a pastebin.

[@saganmcvander636]

You don't really need to in order to make a computer. The basics of a computer is to have a system set up for the computer to decide what memory it wants to grab, what will process it, and when will the processed data be sent through, as well as where will it be sent to. Memory blocks of 1001011's ect. are essentially encoded not just as numbers, but, can be letters also, commands such as "what will it process data to", and much more all on the same memory block. All the other parts are made by "you" and can be completely customized, but, most people use the same parts because it keeps computers compatible. Is you want the data to be able to add and subtract, you add a fuller adder logic gate system. The bus holds the data in it and stores it into registers, which the bus zeros itself at that moment. Let's say you made a simple calculator, you would only need a few memory blocks for adding, subtracting, and even multiplication. You just have to have a mind for logic.

[@saganmcvander636]

I get you. Sounds like you just need to improve your logic skills. He doesn't describe in a lot of detail how to construct those things or the purpose they have. A decoder is kind of like a method which allows for calling from a register if there are multiple registers, normally there are eight registers for eight bit CPU. The decoder obviously has to decide which register to call from with a command of sorts, so it has to have a circuit and logic gates. The overflow is when the math goes beyond what the memory block can store, it would force the memory block to turn into a negative number in conventional computers, thus needed to overflow to tell the user the number being returned is too large to fit into a memory block without causing problems. Completely unnecessary if you just switch the position and purpose of all the binary, but, necessary if you want to tell someone they used too big of numbers or have a computer attempt to compute it further with other parts. Sorry I can't help you further.

[@saganmcvander636]

like I said. Sorry I can't help you. Honestly you should try to study and get a better understanding of logic gates and logic in general. I helps you understand how to make your own system.

[@edlee9532]

You need more subs, you do good for how many you have. Keep up the hard work! :)

[@MystycCheez]

You just made computers seem less complicated. Thanks man! :D

[@jonathancarrasco8053]

Super helpful, thanks for a great explanation

[@qwertyblitz]

it is small channels like yours that make youtube great! I'm subing

[@fml1468]

I learned more about computer architecture from this video than an entire semester of a computer engineering class...

[@jbrownie1900]

Thanks, this was super helpful and was explained really well!

[@FelixNielsen]

Very nice walk trough. Thumbs up. On another note, I'd really like to see some more in depth stuff on the workings on various parts. Fx. I'm stumped as to how you can keep a clock of 24 ticks when the fastest adder design I can come up with can't promise less 4*number_of_bits, i.e. 38 ticks for a 8 bit adder. I suppose there could be some designs using pistons, but still, it's hard to believe. Best regards and keep up the good work!

[@spoicydeemer985]

this helps alot if you watch it a million times just to understand the second part XD

[@ChannelTwoFiftyTwo]

you gave me soooo many ideas for my redstone computer

[@bryceforsyth8521]

I remeber watching this back when it was posted...

[@torikenyon]

I'm at the model at 25:00 and when he looks off to the right for a brief second Im like "HOLY MOTHER OF GOD THERE'S MORE"

[@tacolab7888]

For those who didn't understand the first part with the blue wool, Like he said it's like a highway, using certain components, you can control the devices used to send certain pulses/signals to certain programs. Which be used for many different components of a basic computer.

[@michaelgorbunov8267]

12 year old detected

[@boligoega]

this video deserves more recognition

[@miks8]

1 GB would be a *billion* addresses, not million. Very cool video tho!

[@ragegamingvideosify]

sorry but it would be a million do the math you get 1 million sorry

[@FreeCpRareAccounts1]

ragegamingvideos No, 1 GB is 8000000000 bits. Or eight-billion.

[@miks8]

ragegamingvideos 1 byte is 1 address, is it not? (rounded approximations) 1000 bytes = 1 kilo byte (KB), 1000 KB = 1 MB = 1 million bytes. 1000 MB = 1 GB = 1 billion bytes.

[@miks8]

FreeCpRareAccounts1 those are bits. A single bit cannot serve as a memory cell in any way. It just either 1 or 0.

[@FreeCpRareAccounts1]

Pepermint Sorry I misread your comment, and if 1 byte = 8 bits. 8x1000000000 = 8000000000 = what I thought you meant.

[@FacePalmProduxtnsFPP]

Very well explained, thank you!

[@schottkydiode7507]

I'm no computer science expert, but I think some things might be wrong: 1) the light blue circuit you showed is *not* an AND gate, but rather a relay 2) the Program memory doesn't control what happens, it tells the control unit (something I couldn't find in your example) what to do 3) The ALU, the conditional jumps and the Control unit are all components of the CPU, tho you treated them as individual pieces, which makes for a better understanding of what's going on, but technically still an incorrect one 4) Not sure about real life, but in mc you can hook up outputs and inputs directly to and from RAM, which would make for an easier to understand (at least for me) and to construct system (I think, because if I understood correctly, you're sending that data directly to the things where it is gonna be used, which requires (with one address and one data bus) one decoder per device, but if you take it from RAM you literally only need the RAM address decoder) Btw, just wanted to say I liked the D-flip flop design, it's a relay connected to a repeater loop and I like the simplicity of it I guess that's it... Sorry if I got something wrong, if I did please correct me! I would really appreciate it! Like I said, I'm no computer science expert, so I'd love to hear from someone who knows more than me But, that doesn't mean the video is bad! I actually liked it because it explains stuff in a simple way with the help of Minecraft and I like the idea of using the game to explain real things!

[@lionbryce10101]

I was looking for this video a week ago and I thought it was hosted by Benny. Thank you KZbin goblins

[@skupitup]

well i see what you are saying, each action will be completed faster, but that doesnt matter. The speed of the clock in most cases is defined by the speed of the slowest operation. In bluestone, what i did is i timed every component to find out exactly how long each would take, then i had the clock "fire" to the different components at different times depending on how long the each function took.

[@linusgardshol5580]

I think I might make a computer and record the actual building to KZbin. If I can do the actual components but the general things like sending data seems really easy. Thank you for showing me how easy a computer actually really is to understand. I'm 13 btw

[@cods1pe3r]

You would make a great teacher!

[@kookiekat1586]

this isnt how computesr work, this is how epic computers work

[@lemue4972]

+tim patin this is except for a few minor differences, how your computer works

[@kookiekat1586]

You don't understand this

[@lemue4972]

Why so?

[@lemue4972]

Minecraft is turing complete: you can emulate itself inside of it

[@antech9986]

+Kookie Kat Basically, the CPU back then was just one thing that controlled everything, but now in the same group of the CPU is the graphics card and stuff like that meant to kind of take pressure of the graphics card, and the memory, is now the RAM, hard drive, SSD, etc. And the I/O is just the motherboard which hasn't really changed much

[@skupitup]

I was very surprised myself, I thought I was going to have a couple takes at the beginning, hence no water, but ended up doing it all through and first try. :D

[@sindios]

Nice explanation, thanks!

[@thomaspatierno7005]

Thanks for explaining decoders

[@LimitedWard]

It would simply be a separate component. One way it could be done is having a bunch of RS NOR latches (one for each component) hooked up to an AND gate. Each component would send a signal to their respective RS NOR latches. If a component is not used in a program step, a signal would be sent directly from the program memory to the component's RS NOR.

[@skupitup]

the program itself contains information about what register to save to, what register to save from, what ALU function to preform etc, as well as a binary value of what line to goto next if the condition is false and what line to goto is the condition is true. These two binary numbers are part of the program. Hope this clarifies things

[@romuluslegacy4749]

Man thanks a lot i'm developing a Minecraft computer myself called the Nthr Cobra and with the help of this its gonna make it a lot easier, id like this video more than once if i could :D

[@ForboJack]

I actually making my batchelor in informatics and theoretical i know all what u are talking about (very good explanation). But I'm still pretty impressed by your computer. I don't think I could build one by myself. At least not a complex one as yours is.

[@nikodemgorski8409]

OMG, THIS IS THE BEST COMPUTER EXPLAINING VIDEO

[@matthewe3813]

u can use locked reapeaters to make ur D-flip flops and othere circuits smaller

[@koetsier6611]

Now I understand it a whole lot more, thanx!

[@bolonesiguivanne2159]

You explain how it works. But what is the components made of? I am quite sure that it won't work if i put a black plate and a yellow plate and voilà I have a computer...

[@drakealambert]

" You explain how it works. But what is the components made of? I am quite sure that it won't work if i put a black plate and a yellow plate and voilà I have a computer..." Why Of course it will!

[@bolonesiguivanne2159]

But seriously, can you explain how i can make the components?

[@TheAwesomeBlueHusky]

Bolonesi Guivanne serioursly ? The reason he made this video is to show us to "BIG" picture, there are plenty of tutorials on YT on how to make a ALU or RAM or ... but there are almost no videos that are clear about what does what and what connects to what. Just make one of these models he shows you and search on YT how to make a ALU or ... and replace them in the model :D

[@drakealambert]

No, lol. I wasn't serious.

[@hikaru-live]

This is the big picture tutorial - how to put the parts together to make a computer. You should refer to other videos to find out how to make individual parts. In its essence, this is a heavily stripped down version of Principal of Computer lesson of a CS program and you will need to refer to Electronic Engineering lesson for how individual parts work.

[@MrAtomeB]

Nice job.. Keep good work :) !!

[@skupitup]

for example, if it took 20 ticks for the data to get processed in the alu after the data was writen to the ALU register, the data needed 4 ticks to get to the RAM, and it took 5 seconds for the inputed clock to the RAM save to write the data, i would do this. It takes 24 ticks to get to RAM after the ALU register is updated, remember it takes 5 seconds from where the clock is imputed to when the data is saved in RAM, so i would have the RAM clock update 19 (20 to keep it save) ticks later.

[@Q_20]

Great explanation :)

[@mrfincher]

awesome video! helped me sooo much! Thx

[@skupitup]

in that regard, you should lookup properinglish, he is a super admin on the RDF and has created a real world type adder called a cogge-stone adder, the optimised one that he made is something like 5 ticks for 8 bits no pistons.

[@FelixNielsen]

Thanks for the answer. Personally I don't use pistons or take advantage of of features that is really more like bugs. In a sense you could say that I'd like the design also to have real life applications. As such, it doesn't make sense to involve pistons at all and thus insta carry and what not, isn't an option.

[@michaelsc8780]

very informative and clear. i like it.

[@Random30014]

While most people will say sethbling is the best I won't agree. Sethbling really does cool stuff but when it comes to hardcore redstone you are the master.

[@zzcoocharie]

Skupitup, I love you.

[@tibbemoro5129]

very interesting nice explanation!

[@ashbysharparchive1592]

Hi, I was wondering what a type of register would be called if it didn't necessarily have its own built in memory, but just passed it through to RAM or something instead.

[@raymondstheawesome]

computing systems really started clicking for me after i watch Ben Eater's 8-bit breadboard computer from scratch.

[@deerbetah2703]

What a great video, but is the main data in the modbus a pulse or a solid state?

[@reticulous49]

Thank you for dumbing it down for us noobies to redstone computers / redstone logic great break down thanks