How Plants Turned Air Into Civilization ｜The Calvin Cycle

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The Calvin Cycle is how we transform carbon dioxide into--well--everything. By making carbon biologically useful, our biosphere has managed to transform CO2, Sunlight and water into basically the entire world around you. Does that sound hyperbolic? Watch to find out just how much of an understatement that really is.
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This channel is dedicated to sparking your curiosity about biochemistry, not to being a definitive resource. To help you continue you biochem journey, I'm really excited to partner with Biocord , a Discord server dedicated to bringing together biologists from around the globe! Join the conversation with over a thousand life sciences professionals and enthusiasts here:- / discord
All music is by Jeremy Blake( / redmeansrecording , released on the KZbin Audio Library.
Intro music: Let's Go Home (bit.ly/rmrlgh)
Outro music: Lost and Found (bit.ly/rmrlnf)
The style of this video was largely developed based on tutorials by Ben Marriot: (bit.ly/posteri...)
The Calvin Cycle is the molecular process that built our world. This final step of photosynthesis evolved 3.8 billion years ago and has been changing everything for our biosphere ever since. Photosynthesis is how energy enters our biosphere--but the Calvin Cycle is how our world stores that energy. Energy is pretty useless unless you can store it. You'll see in this video how that principle also unlocks the key to building civilization. Sure, humans did pretty great as hunter-gatherers--but as soon as we figured out how to store excess food and build surpluses--that was the edge we needed to build civilization. And then--the hydrocarbons that helped power that civilization to it's current heights (and that are putting it on the brink of disaster) were made across eons through this exact same process. Our whole world comes down to this molecular cycle. No fixed carbon. No Us. No civilization.

[@shanegriffith8283]

It's shocking how little views the series of videos describing photosynthesis has. I'm just an undergrad engineering student watching this on a whim, but the connections this vid was able to make for me was astounding.

[@1ATMStudios]

“It’s all sunlight, air, and water.” Whoa, that’s deep.

[@Clockworkbio]

Yea--biochem is always going to take you to the craziest places!

[@BenjaminMaerz-um5bc]

DEEP? Everything seems simple to simple minded dummies!

[@joseywales6168]

It's also a whole lotta dirt and rocks

[@narrativeless404]

​​​@@joseywales6168 Dirt is sunlight and water Rock is just rock, and it's not used by life that much Fossils and minerals are also air and sunlight

[@narrativeless404]

Take that, religion!

[@Corporis]

Intro has big "thoughts from places" vibes. The whole video was so good, truly a masterclass!

[@Clockworkbio]

That comparison means SO MUCH to me--really glad you liked the video overall! This one was a doozy. Been on my mind for AGES.

[@rajukep6599]

Hey corporis really miss your videos man your videos are amazing

[@CyCloNeReactorCore]

i can feel this channel getting ready to blow up! which is so sad because it seems that uploads have since ceased. Over the past few days, i've been binging all of the videos on your channel simply because they scratch an itch I didn't even know i had! You have real talent for making these videos, i hope you come back eventually!

[@Clockworkbio]

Great time to binge! Season 2 took a little longer to develop than expected-but we’ll launch in June!

[@4124V4TA-SNPCA-x]

​@@Clockworkbio Awesome! 😎 In Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth's voice: *"Good news everyone!"*

[@dr.chubchin1534]

@@Clockworkbio Thank you, i recently discovered your channel and i saw last upload was 3 years ago. Thankfully season 2 is on the way🙏🙏🙏

[@ernest3286]

"Definitely not now... *pleeease* not now!" Haha, I love the humor you inject into each of these. Complex topics like this especially benefit from a quick laugh in between the dense subject matter.

[@Clockworkbio]

No no--that is very much not humor. That's fear. That's bone-deep despair. You don't know pain until you stare down the barrel of your first Ochem exam. There is no escape.

[@Tinky1rs]

@@Clockworkbio *nods* yes, he is truly one of us.

[@Clockworkbio]

@@Tinky1rs All of my nightmares are NMR spectra.

[@tannerriley7485]

I love these videos so much. They're uplifting and filled with wonder, detailed and not oversimplified, and both simple and intricate in beauty.

[@Clockworkbio]

This comment means a lot to me--even If I feel like I'm still oversimplifying these topics too much. I was so worried that the science was too heavy to be actually uplifting. I can't thank you enough for taking the time to comment here!

[@aliengeo]

Your animation of the molecules and proteins in these videos is very satisfying. Glucose is shaped like a friend.

[@Clockworkbio]

Glucose is our truest friend. I worked real hard on the style here and I'm genuinely so glad it paid off. Thank you so much for this lightning-bolt of a comment. Clarity comes in so many wonderful packages.

[@JaneXemylixa]

The way the "machinery" works in your videos (like this one) makes me want to play Opus Magnum again... It's an alchemy-themed game where you assemble made-up molecules by hand, and even the crudest machine that eventually gets the job done is counted as a win by the game. For me part of the fun is inventing new molecules and figuring out how to assemble them, and your breakdowns of biochem give me and idea or two... ;) P.S. Got to the third phase explanation and facepalmed - I can almost hear folks on the Opus Magnum subreddit going "you could've saved on _so many_ unnecessary steps here" xD

[@narrativeless404]

Yeah, you are basically role-playing as an evolution process(or an OT God with a brain of a toddler)in a different reality 😂

[@republikadugave420]

Most underrated channel on youtube by a mile!!!!!!

[@nastyablinkova2832]

Thank you so much for all these 4 videos! It helped me so much with understanding photosynthesis! I was looking for some explanation of this process for a long time, but I couldn't understand a lot nor from teachers, nor from any other videos I've watched. But this... This is incredible. I really love the visualization of every process, it's really easier to memorize with this animations! And, moreover, the way you explain the material and joke sometimes is so cool, and it helps with understanding even more, so the words and the pictures work together!! And I almost cried at the end of the third video, because your speech was so inspiring and beautiful! I want to come back to this thoughts over and over again, when I feel low. Thank you, really, really much! I hope that wherever you are now, after two years that passed from this video, you are happy and things are great in your life!

[@Anaesify]

*chefs kiss* just watched the whole photosynthesis series, can’t wait to keep going!

[@romanes_eunt_domus]

The more I personally research things like molecular biochemistry the more I doubt that all of this happened through sheer coincidence. All of these biological structures and machines are so perfectly refined and logical in their operations... even if the biology itself isn't "designed", it's certainly operating on a logical framework with purpose.

[@Tinky1rs]

Apparently I'm late to an awesome channel! As a biopharmaceutical postgrad myself, have you considered looking at less grand, but still incredibly abundant cellular pathways or receptors? Like GPCRs (maybe with adenosine/coffee receptors for a link to what people know), Akt (protein kinase B), Ras, or p53? Most popular science channels never go beyond the lock-and-key part of receptors.

[@Clockworkbio]

Sure am! You literally just described my whole editorial arc for the show! I wanted to start off with Photosynthesis so I could get all that Carl Sagan energy out of my system. Now, I'm taking a quick molecular/ structural biology tour through our senses and other places before I start REALLY tackling pathways. I'm really hoping I can combine molecular biology, metabolic pathways, genetics and transcription factors into a video-based recreation of the roche diagram. GPCRs are first on the menu from that! Furthermore, if you're hunting for more p53 content, you gotta check out my youtube colleague @thesheekyscienceshow kzbin.info/www/bejne/m6rCl3uXodF0pqc&

[@Tinky1rs]

@@Clockworkbio Sounds totally awesome and I do understand why you'd go Carl Sagan first. It's so fundamental to life and the processes inspired many of our colleagues to study it further. I will eagerly await your work with as much patience as I can muster as I join the discord you mentioned in the videos. And give sheekey a watch :p

[@pizzainc.1465]

Clockwork is not just a biochem channel, it’s also a philosophy channel

[@Clockworkbio]

I mean, they're all philosophy channels in one way or another

[@fuzzylilpeach6591]

Thank you for this series! I studied engineering in college and brushed off biology because it was all memorization. Coming back at biology years later with an engineering background has really given me a different perspective on the inner workings of life and I can't get enough of it. These videos have really helped visualize how it works as I read about photosynthesis with no chemistry background. Seriously, thank you.

[@SukacitaYeremia]

I really appreciate how all the info you laid out in your videos work as a Chekov's Gun. It's all paramount to explaining the discussion ahead. It's satisfying to me, and hopefully satisfying for others as well.

[@leafloaf3232]

brilliant! eagerly awaiting season 2 :)

[@4124V4TA-SNPCA-x]

There are people who have a knack for aesthetics and nice and clean animation. There are people who know biochemistry. And there are people like you in the intersection of the Venn diagram. Super oversimplified for sure but a nice intoduction. I'm looking forward to the more in-depth video in s2. 😉

[@4124V4TA-SNPCA-x]

It's s shame I have only just discovered this channel and it seems like a good time to, after all. I hope this channel will blow up. I wish there were videos like this -- but much more in-depth -- when I was preparing for my biochemistry exams back in the day (a.k.a. paleolithic times 😅).

[@SquallHart05]

It was SUPER satisfying. Thank you! And I hope I get to see new content from you :D I specially like seeing how proteins work, it's soooo fascinating.

[@rossedwards2345]

This is the best biochem information I've ever seen. I hope he is able to make more videos. They are wonderful.

[@Clockworkbio]

I have to make a transition to 3d. But season 2 is absolutely coming in 2023. Almost done all my development.

[@darkhelmet12e47]

​@@ClockworkbioYES! I saw that the last upload was over a year ago and got worried.

[@MasterThief117]

@@Clockworkbio I literally just discovered your channel about an hour ago and binged on the photosynthesis series. I was so disappointed to see your last upload was three years ago, but just saw this comment letting us know you're still here; I immediately subscribed and I am so ready to keep learning more! You've done such an incredible job at describing, animating, and explaining the various parts of such a mind-bogglingly complex series of systems in an engaging and understandable way and I really appreciate all your time and effort gone into making these videos for us.

[@AJMansfield1]

9:00 I would LOVE a video deep-diving regenerating RiBP from G3P -- especially the regulatory mechanisms for expressing the different enzymes involved which balance out the different reaction rate kinetics of the different parallel steps.

[@Christopherwilley]

I keep thinking, your stuff is like going to church. Allllllright. Settle down. Here’s what I mean- I dropped the whole religion thing decades ago - hey, I said settle down. You do you, if god stuff gives you meaning/comfort/solace. Neat. Moving on. Ok why does your video make me feel like church? After searching for a minute I realized the same levels of profundity and sense of connection arise while watching your videos. The unseen is distilled and reveal, and then amplified through your words. I appreciate them, and respect the amount of time you put into this craft. Thank you! Also- R Feynman, dude never meet your heros. Turns out that guy- while an undisputed mind of the times- was also a horrible sex pest. His own biography accounts the tails 😭

[@macon8638]

Brother that was beautifully written.

[@Clockworkbio]

This is one of the first comments to really get it man. Really appreciate you distilling it down this well. And man, what I wouldn't give to just edit out that Feynman bit. Basically going to remake the entire photosynthesis playlist in 3d just so I can rewrite the peak of this video without that part.

[@RafaelFaenir]

"So, awesome, we just smooch RiBP and CO2 together and BOOM! We are done, right? HAHA no." I really laughed hard at that! And damn, there are SO many extra steps! I like how you show it and hint on every step, without going so hard on the chemistry that the big picture is forgotten! Still I had to watch it a second time focusing on the cycle steps to really wrap my head around it. And I love that the adjectives for "oversiplified" on the figure names just keep increasing in intensity :P As you mention in the start, it really is an inefficient and messy process! It is insane that it managed to evolve in the first place, and the fact that it is still being used hints at how hard it is to reach such a complex and beautiful combination (I just got a "great barrier" feeling from the Fermi paradox now, but probably it is just awe at this process). Thanks for this great journey, not only on the biochemistry side, but also on the whole philosophical (and factual) side of "everything is sunlight, air and water". Proper awesome!

[@Clockworkbio]

Thanks so much! It really goes to show how long BILLIONS of years are--can't even imagine all the intermediary failures that happened on the way to this evolving! I didn't even have time to get into how RuBisCo is INSANELY inefficient, slow and TERRIBLE at it's job. Because of that--plants have to make SO MUCH of it that it's the SINGLE MOST ABUNDANT PROTEIN IN THE ENTIRE BIOSPHERE. Goes to show--best way to be the best? Be super incompetent.

[@RafaelFaenir]

@@Clockworkbio True, it is the kind of evolution that needs SO much to go (at least kind of) right that it has to span a massive length of time! And once one organism has gotten all the pieced together, it is obvious that it would spread much faster than the time it takes to evolve a new mechanism. It just occurred to me, I know there is "C3" and "C4" photosynthesis, how different are these? Is it a different process, or just a small chance in one of the many steps? WHAT?! Damn, that is an IMPRESSIVE statistic for RuBisCo! It's sounds ridiculous and it is! Hahaha I would add "Be super incompetent...but be the only one who can get it done" :P

[@BryanLawlor]

Incredible video. Explained and illustrated well, with some humor and awe. I'm inspired by your channel!

[@pizzainc.1465]

Subs are the glucose molecules of a KZbin channel, a single cell in the digital world that is the internet. Subs provide the building materials for those KZbin channels, and they are the energy that keeps it going. You can even take that further by saying that views are the ATP molecules, as they also provide energy and they are used to generate subs.

[@Clockworkbio]

And comments are catalytic enzymes that boost signal transduction--making the views and subs push farther and farther into algorithmic sea

[@SukacitaYeremia]

Molecular Biologist: "Light and Dark Reactions of photosynthesis." Thermodynamic physicists: "I'm going to assume Dark Reactions are those that require light to happen."

[@davetr_mv2311]

Dude! So sad that he didn’t continue those videos, he truly deserved it ! KZbin algorithm…

[@whatabouttheearth]

They commented 1 year ago and said they're updating to 3D and making the next season and it should be done in 2023, hopefully they're just running a little late because these videos are GREAT.

[@EricHorchuck]

I just commented something similar (KZbin algorithm did him a disservice)... I can't believe in 3 plus years this video only has a little over 7,000 views. Sad.

[@Gelatinocyte2]

I mean, Photosynthesis wasn't the first autotrophic system that came to life, and certainly not the only one in existence to this day. I'm more interested in lithoautotrophs ("rock eating" autotrophs, compared to photoautotrophs like plants) and the way they use metal ions (usually iron2+). I'm also interested in other sources of carbon, like how archaea use methane and carbon monoxide.

[@themasterofthings8020]

is there a link or somthing to the ever growing twitter thread with the sources

[@hfitfxhfhfufgugugu6589]

I would like an in-depth-explanation quite much.

[@EricHorchuck]

WTF? How do your videos have such pitiful views? The KZbin algorithm sucks because your videos are informative and most importantly, entertaining! I'm SO sorry. All the best, -E

[@roblowery3188]

@12:48 The ironic humor is palpable! HAHAHA, I love how 15 seconds prior we are talking about "giv[ing] evolution 3.8 billion years[...]" to a page with the plea to God as to "why" for is this? Like *He* knows?! My sides- they hurt so, hahaha

[@trymoto]

Great work. Thanks.

[@jtktomb8598]

Beautiful

[@Clockworkbio]

no u

[@aniksamiurrahman6365]

I wonder, what happened to the channel? 2 years, no upload!

[@lauradftba4653]

Ahhhhhh I love everything about this

[@Clockworkbio]

EXCELLENT

[@aWildSteveO]

So life is LITERALLY just infinitesimally small organic robots moving atoms around. And we, on the scale we are on, are just organic robots moving things around.....

[@Dude8718]

Please make "boring and tedious" o chem content. Your general attitude and high quality animations make everything pretty interesting. Even if I get lost I enjoy the pretty colors, so I can't foresee me not liking it.

[@mission2090]

The Master Portable Moving Living Electric Tool Maker engineered and created all those things that we may wonder and seek the Master Tool Maker.

[@ombelle5284]

Incroyable.

[@Clockworkbio]

Buckle up, Ombelle--it only gets wilder from here.

[@greenmario3011]

*places two fingers on my forehead and imagines a ball* I can fathom a 3d sphere easily

[@alunicat]

thank you

[@the_eternal_student]

Maybe storing things like energy is not such a good thing. Our bodies age and die because our cells lose structure through entropy. It would be better to stay connected to our source. I appreciate you making the connection between biochemistry and plant chemistry. and you are right, it is easy to get lost in all of those molecules. On the other hand, it is the only way to advance biochemistry. I am concerned that our bodies need photons from plants when our body is already made of photons trapped in some sort of deaccelerating package. I thought you would go more into cyanobacteria photosynthesis.

[@TehPwnerer]

who would have thought the most abundant things on earth would be used as the the basis for all life on the planet?

[@jeffreyohler2599]

0:13 🎶 *"🖤&💛,🖤&💛,🖤&💛,🖤&💛"* 🎶

[@SKyrim190]

Given that as you said "It's all sunlight, air and water" and "the minerals" you just brushed over...those ancient greeks with their 4 elements are sounding way smarter now!

[@josepheridu3322]

At the end is all nuclear energy. Fusion from the sun or Fission from the earth core, or even from a nuclear plant.

[@petervansan1054]

Man, all these videos are challenging my atheism hard. It's incredible how abiogenesis could happen

[@whatabouttheearth]

Abiogenesis didn't begin with things this complex at all, it began with the most simple of things, then emergent properties were developed little by little. Even if God does exist, it just brings you back to the same questions, because what would of been capable of making a complex being capable to create all this? No matter what it, even the origin of the structure of God, had to of begun from more simple abiotic factors. Think about it, if a God exists, what made that God?

[@samirelzein1095]

Love the spirit

[@williamm8069]

OK, so how many solar photons are required to produce 1 photon from the burning match?

[@tomholroyd7519]

I'm colorblind, and the C and O colors look almost exactly the same ... maybe O could be blue? Or cerulean

[@Clockworkbio]

This was actually a big part of me redeveloping the visual style of my animations. My dad is RG colorblind and pointed out this exact same problem in this exact video. It was amazing to me--despite being conscious of color blindness my whole life, I didn't think about how red oxygen atoms on green carbon chains would be impossible to see. Complete and inexcusable fumble on my part. Important to me to develop this with inclusive visual language. Excited for Season 2's style to be easier for everyone to see! Feedback like this is invaluable. I really appreciate you taking the time. I feel awful for being so careless in this aspect when I was so careful and intentional in others.

[@April-yq5oz]

Wait it’s all sunlight, air, and water? *always has been*

[@Clockworkbio]

Somebody fire me from my own channel. I have been CRIMINALLY missing incredible meme opportunities.

[@April-yq5oz]

@@Clockworkbio you are forgiven

[@AntonWongVideo]

I understood like 2% of that. the visuals are nice, tho

[@Clockworkbio]

To be fair, I made the video and I only understand like 3% of it. So, I'm right there with you.

[@lop2167]

How the fuck do they figure this out?!

[@tylergust8881]

I hate how inefficient this process feels. I know nothing about chemistry but like, come on life... you can do better than this.

[@lukebusellato2542]

So what happened with Mars. It had sunlight, air (co2) and water. Also, please make that long and boring video, but complain about how boring it is all the way through :)

[@Clockworkbio]

ONE DAY I PROMISE. And really--LOTS of things could have happened to Mars. Is Mars simply too small to hold on strong enough to an atmosphere? Did mars geologically die, allowing it's magnetic field to atrophy enough that the sun could gradually erode all the gases away? We still have a lot to learn! That's what makes all this research exciting. If I remember correctly--Mars is in a MORE habitable zone in our solar system than we are--so we should be the lifeless rock that Martians are studying. That's the best and worst part about science. It can never be completed. We will only stop exploring when we cease to exist.

[@joshuarivera9767]

Idk if I can stand the way this guy makes every last word of every sentence sound super weird

[@hedgehog3180]

I don't think people truly appreciate just how special this planet is for having life and why it's so vital to protect that life.

[@ae-bd5gr]

Its ironic how its "vital" to protect life 😂

[@wobinich2009]

​@@ae-bd5gr moreso that it's vital not to be so destructive towards it.

[@twothreebravo]

Hexagons are the Bestagons

[@Clockworkbio]

I'll never stop making videos where this can be a comment, and I'll never stop upvoting these comments.

[@Blufall]

It always makes me happy when you upload a new video!

[@Clockworkbio]

Always makes ME happy when you leave a comment like this--thank you so much!

[@sim_aware]

This was excellent! We did a study years back that looked at elevated CO2, O2 and barometric pressure sped up plant growth to allow large volumes to be consumed by the huge animals living on the smaller land mass. One of the coolest projects we had in the chamber. Great video! #SimTribe

[@Clockworkbio]

Yea its amazing how much the atmospheric composition has affected the biosphere!

[@MichaelFJ1969]

I find it interesting that there are two separate reactions: 1. photo-electrolysis of water, which converts energy (sunlight) into hydrogen. 2. carbon fixation, which uses energy to generate glucose. Even more mind-blowing is that the oxygen generated by the plant does not come from the CO2 it uses. Rather, it comes from the water!

[@azap12]

Man this video is so underrated

[@Redrum420CF]

i don't have too much to say about the science just mainly wanted to say hi and figured i should watch the video since you just uploaded it. you talking about the sun remined me that one of my favorite science fiction movies is sunshine.

[@Clockworkbio]

Same--sunshine is NUTS. Science is a little dubious--but it's a beautiful movie!

[@ekim131]

Keep up the good work!

[@Clockworkbio]

I'm trying!

[@sethsoarenson7414]

Huh, I always thought these weird pseudo-religious metaphysical thoughts were my own, now I think they're just a biochemist thing 😅

[@Clockworkbio]

Yea I mean, biochem is RIGHT THERE on the edge of the stuff we understand at the macro level and what we're only beginning to understand at the micro/quantum level. It's easy to pull back and connect it either way--either to the smallest minutiae of your life or the insane scale of the universe itself. You learn enough about the systems and feedback loops that power our little lives and you suddenly start seeing the feedback loops that power our relationships, our communities and even our civilization. Life just works. That's all it has ever done--it may very well be that's all it'll ever do. Evolution simply means that complexity increases over time. That's nuts to me. And you really get an intuitive sense for that from the dynamic nature of studying pathways in biochem.

[@hammerth1421]

"A nightmareish branch of science" is a pretty fitting description for organic chemistry. I pride myself with understanding quite a lot of it and it still gives me breakdowns sometimes.

[@phillipliauw]

I get that you‘re saying that its all sunlight but if all the building materials were created from sunlight, air and water, how were the things like the enzymes made to facilitate this process in the first place?

[@CanOSpamX]

Makes my day to see a new This Glorious Clockwork video in my sub feed! I've always been interesting in biology and chemistry and biochemistry, but was rebuffed by the complexity in school. Thank you for making this magic accessible!

[@christopherellis2663]

Not forgetting that the body makes as much glucose as needed. Ingestion is not required. 🤫There are no essential carbohydrates.

[@cashewABCD]

Modern Day Nova. vSauce / PBS needs to give you a bump. Thanks for making our molecular machines visible to a wider audience.

[@davidhand9721]

Wow, how did you get into biochem if you hate organic chemistry so much? To me, appreciating the chemistry was a huge part of what made it all beautiful. The organic chemistry course gives you all these very simple reactions (in comparison) that happen fast in solution, or with some organometallic catalyst - it's all very industrial. Then you get to biochem and the reactions are so specific and complicated; how does it do that, you know? It's a miracle that enzymes can pick out the exact molecules they need out of a very messy solution of other complicated molecules. Understanding _how_ molecules like ATP drive these reactions, giving the third PO4 to other molecules that don't want it to make them more reactive for the next step, just by being ridiculously dense in charge and wanting another phosphate even less, that was a key mystery for me. Chemistry is where the magic and genius happens in the cell.

[@klausm.3035]

Beautiful video and beautiful channel, subscribed

[@Ryan98063]

I want the tedious video!

[@keenantroll5151]

It's not all just sunlight air and water though! we are also the earth - think about the sodium and potassium ions, and the iron delivering oxygen... the nitrogen compounds! Oh wait there's more videos...

[@mrchangcooler]

My issue with boiling down life into sunlight air and water is you really miss the hard nuance of the physical aspect of these molecules, and get a mystical awe at the absurdity of it, when it's not absurd at all. You miss out on quite how much of the process is literally real time chemistry, real time collisions of atoms and photons, and huge chains of atoms that have developed the chemical peculiarity to effect molecules that collide with those huge chains in such a way to split and combine molecules. The "boring biochemistry" is precisely the nuance that causes all these chemicals to work. It's not magic of light air and water, but quite real collisions and building of molecules.

[@binaryguru]

Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis, the more CO2 the more green plants the planet will have. CO2 is a gas of life, not pollution.

[@MeriaDuck]

9:00 please do go into the depths one day! Because I'm a a curious nerd and I'd love to know this even to the quantum level of why the heck this energy transfer works.

[@Blinkordeath182]

This seems really interesting and is very well done, I just cannot keep up. I am very stupid, so take that into consideration.

[@valentinsterpu2898]

This video is just amazing! So deep! Thank you! ❤

[@antoniogarcia9165]

tranlate this existen solo 4 dioses el espacio tiempo en su totalidad los soles creadores de toda la materia y ajugeros negros capaces de romper al espacio tiempo la pacha mama en su totalidad , todas las formas de vida , los cinco reinos en su conjunto son un ser y las ideas que nos permiten conectarnos y hasta son mas fuertes que nuestra propia experiencia ademas de ser inmortales . i love your video , sun make us is the true god worth worthsip .

[@grawss]

Everything is energy. Everything is light. -Nicola Tesla

[@popescucristian8978]

that organic chemistry textbook literally *is* the things it concerns itself with

[@guyman8627]

"some porch in pennsylvania" ik yall were blazin up lmao

[@lilelite5437]

What Is this whipper snapper yapping

[@xyzct]

Oil and coal are nature's solar batteries.

[@HaloDroid18]

“oh god why” 😂

[@eapenninan4950]

👍

[@dannylenio9884]

I know I'm a few years late but these are awesome videos. Great job for real. However it's Richard Fine-Man not Fain-Man

[@Clockworkbio]

I still don't know what's worse--botching Feynman like this or butchering Arginine in front of over 100k people in the ATP Synthase video.

[@dannylenio9884]

@Clockworkbio Ehh, don't worry. The sheer effort and top notch quality of your videos gives you a pass. I'm certainly no expert but I'm not completely uneducated on the topics you discuss and besides you making it very easy to listen to and understand as well as providing top notch visuals, I'm finding it very difficult in finding any glaring or even small mistakes in your biochemical analysis of these topics

[@joaomrtins]

Nice another excellent and DEAD channel. Why are all the great channels to be found on this ocean of clickbait dead??????

[@Clockworkbio]

Not at all dead! I took some time (a lot longer than expected lol) to redevelop my animation system. New videos will hit in June!

[@joaomrtins]

@@Clockworkbio NICE

[@RobinCrusoe1952]

Not strictly true its only air, sunlight and water. If it wasn't for the small percentage of many other elements life wouldn't be possible.

[@whatabouttheearth]

He did mention minerals and other things in passing. But, he is correct in that without the cyanobacteria causing Great Oxidation Event none of this, as we know of the post Cambrian, would of happened. Animals would not exist, plants would not exist, etc. Those cyanobacteria and the photosynthesis that only they do (chloroplasts are symbiotic cyanobacteria) is the root of all non anoxic heterotrophy.

[@macon8638]

Air, sunlight, water and… rocks 🙃

[@ca2712]

Excellent descriptions and graphics. Thank you for making the effort.

[@serena6684]

Man!!! I can see the months of hard work in this video. I really love the time of the animations and the choices of what you choose to explain and what you choose to gloss over. There's a part of me which really wants to go way into the depth of everything in this video and then there's the real me whose tiny brain can't possibly comprehend it. I wish your channel gets all the love it deserves!! I could feel tingles down my spine at the end of the video with the gosh darn great quote it's all sunlight, air and water! I could hear through your voice (tell me if this was actually what you felt or I was thinking wrong) you were trying to "relate" and be less "nerdy" of sorts and I think that's great but I think the more "natural" you could make a really fun video as well! (this is of course me thinking I know how you or anyone actually is or how they communicate so if you think I make no sense please just ignore)

[@thatmre]

This is absolutely excellent. Keep making these videos!

[@Clockworkbio]

I'm working real hard on the next series!

[@karasirarichard3358]

Yooo

[@Clockworkbio]

First to comment, last to get a response. KZbin is a cruel place