How to Engineer Health - Drug Discovery & Delivery: Crash Course Engineering #36

Engineers are problem solvers, and our own health is full of problems to be engineered. In this episode we discuss drug discovery and drug delivery. We’ll explore everything from classical and reverse pharmacology to the new field of synthetic biology. We’ll also look at how important good disease detection is and why we need more targeted drug delivery systems.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: • All PBS Digital Studio...
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RESOURCES:
www.engineeringchallenges.org/...
www.nature.com/subjects/drug-...
www.nature.com/subjects/drug-...
www.bio.org/articles/syntheti...
www.theguardian.com/science/2...
science.sciencemag.org/content...
www.nature.com/scitable/topic...
www.who.int/news-room/fact-she...
www.hopkinsmedicine.org/inter...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.cancer.org/research/cance...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/...
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1a8d...
articles.latimes.com/1989-10-3...
www.med.uio.no/ncmm/english/t...
www.healthline.com/health/hea...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/p...
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[@crashcourse]

Special thanks to Dr. Abigail Koppes for her help with this episode!

[@BTheBlindRef]

Capsaicin IS the component in peppers that creates the burning sensation. Isolating it dose nothing to "stop the burning effects that other parts of the peppers can cause". It DOES allow it to be repackaged and rebased to allow for delivery mechanisms that may be more effective or less irritating than eating hot peppers, which I'm guessing was your actual point.

[@rnj117]

you've summed up my entire master's degree in pharmacy in one 10 minute video .... I'm £45,000 in debt for this knowledge ...

[@SuperibyP]

A fellow pharmacist! Completely agreed mind...

[@moxi_floxi]

In pharmacy school right now, too real y'all

[@rnj117]

@@ikhtiarhossain read lots, actually make sure it's something you're interested in. And make sure you like people not just science. It's far more of a healthcare subject than a pure science compared to what it used to be

[@bojan705]

Don't be too hard on yourself. This was dumbed down so the rest of us who were curious enough can get the gist of things. Id imagine the real devil is in the details that were not disclosed here, so keep on making them fries to pay off the debt( "sarcastic remark saying how sorry I am").

[@rnj117]

@@bojan705 That's alright. I'll continue my work as a pharmacist helping my patients to pay off the debt. But thanks anyway.

[@guilhermeadan2329]

there could be a crash course series about recreational and medicinal drug use. That would be extremely helpful for a lot of people

[@gamearmoury69]

You are one amazing team. Keep doing what you’re doing, I and the rest of us appreciate the level of detail and quality of your videos!

[@ThisOldSkater]

5:02 [slow-clap]. Well done.

[@beingpras]

"Pharmaceutical the MOST successful but misunderstood industry."

[@JordanPeterson.]

Wrong most deceitful company.

[@irwainnornossa4605]

This is very underrated. This series is awesome. And I don't understand those thumbs down. Who and why?

[@engibear6392]

*Probably the people who work in medicine and drug development. I and other commenters I've seen have been underwhelmed by videos covering our fields of expertise. Reasons range from inaccuracies in the script to very misleading graphics drawn by artists instead of engineers to videos whose content didn't really even match the title. In this series, Crash Course covers entire industries and fields of research with less detail and diligence than they treated single movies in Crash Course Film Criticism.* *Sorry to be a Debbie Downer. I'm glad you're learning things. Remember what Crash Course Navigating Digital Information says, though. Seek out additional sources of information!*

[@francoislacombe9071]

Good health is merely the slowest possible rate at which one can die.

[@yulinliu850]

Thanks for making this excellent video!

[@TheyCallMeNewb]

The microbubble concept is utterly inspired! If the immune system doesn't prove the problem [that it might], I see a revolution in chemotherapy! Astounding!

[@a.l.p1442]

Nice Video , Love The Topic Discussed , Hope You Guys Keep On Making Such Great Videos , In The Near Future...

[@amazingmenl4138]

Amazing video once again!🤩😁

[@middlegrounds109]

Fascinating. Happy late Valentine’s Day.

[@shayneegokool6425]

So interesting ❤️❤️

[@MotiveVideoBook]

Quite hard to understand for me but very informative-.

[@bubbahotep5439]

cap·il·lar·y. Dictionary result for capillary /ˈkapəˌlerē/Submit noun plural noun: capillaries 1. ANATOMY any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. 2. a tube that has an internal diameter of hairlike thinness.

[@kevk9581]

LOL how many of yall watched CrashCourse since 2012

[@ANascente]

Could you recommend books? Thank you.

[@cf4196]

I know it's late but if anyone else see's this Rang and Dale Pharmacology is a helpful book for building an understanding

[@camiloiribarren1450]

The importance of medical engineering for healthier world and new prosthetics

[@imthestein]

Dat Wilford Brimley doh

[@TheBreezus]

Targeted delivery methods should be perfected. Let's get to work.

[@sathanimations1457]

8:36 So what happens to the rest of the bubbles inside the body when the treatment concludes? If left in, couldn't someone make a weapon to zap a persons whole body to rupture all the bubbles, effectively mass over-dosing them on the meds? Don't judge me.

[@josephawoyeye8175]

Sath Town The bubbles have a lifespan. They could only last in the body for a certain amount of time. Eventually, the leftover bubbles would degrade, leave the blood stream and be excreted out of the body.

[@sathanimations1457]

@@josephawoyeye8175 Good to know. Thanks

[@andreaandolfi640]

Could you add subtitles?

[@ayeoritset5049]

What kind of engineering degree will I need for this?

[@positivevibesonly273]

I want Hank!!

[@unleashingpotential-psycho9433]

Drugs save lives 🔥

[@Pedro-tm6ue]

@@FlamingBasketballClub oh really?

[@egill-]

3:16 Shouldn't there be three more zeroes there, billion not million

[@JaimeNyx15]

Ayyyy. Cyborgs next week.

[@dragonboater]

Why is this topic under the engineering series? After watching, it seems off topic from engineering. More suitable for pharmaceutical science.

[@BrickForSheep]

Was thinking the exact same

[@rodrigohernandez-rp9qq]

Enginnering deals with the process of designing somegning to solve a problem. Designing drugs and systems for delivering them is an example of what a biomedical engineer would be responsible of doing

[@zobiaw4455]

Was thinking the same thing

[@Orlkorrectt]

There is engineering about imitate organic human, cloning

[@dragonboater]

If you talk about scaling up the production of pharmaceutical drugs in production, yes. But the key part involving R&D to discover new drugs belongs to scientists, not engineers. If people who solves problems by discovering new drugs are called engineers, then the chemists, biologists and clinician scientist are called pharmaceutical engineers. Doctors who solve the problem of illness in patients are called medical engineers. Just ask people in the field which is the more correct term.

[@serena3]

this looked like an off the pill podcast

[@JeffinBville]

Dear editors, Could you allow the woman to finish the sound of a word before cutting to the next one? This is something that's all too common on these and associated channels. The clips are cut so close together that it's like reading the script without commas, pause or even breathing! If it's cool and trendy, cut it out. It's simply annoying and reduces comprehension. People breathe, you know? Let them.

[@avi12]

0:41 False advertisement alert! iPhones are not customizable!

[@moondust2365]

Not really. You could buy a customized phone case (although most of those are outside the US when it comes to iPhones due to Apple's regulation) or make one yourself (if you have the financial, mental, and artistic capabilities to do so)...

[@NCRonrad]

Leaves out the intellectual theft and systematic disenfranchisement of where medicine comes from.

[@robertmcgann5881]

And how do those items related to engineering - you know, the theme of this series?

[@NCRonrad]

@@robertmcgann5881 Engineering without ethics is a plague on the planet and the people; unfortunately, it is not examined within the foundation. I am simply leaving a comment to be considered; shall we engineer for empire, or for environment? Engineer for the economy, or for the people? Perhaps they have already made a video addressing ethics of engineering, or are planning to upload one in the future. I comment to recognize the indigenous people exploited TODAY (as well as the past) by pharmacology and pharmaceuticals for their knowledge and land - I myself a member of a tribe, albeit with a background in materials engineering (somewhere between civil and chemical in regards to "softness").

[@Raikomon]

@@NCRonrad I agree with the sentiment and they do have a history of science series where they tackle a lot of these topics and maybe an ethics series? Not sure about the second one. This one is more focused on engineering or in this case, bioengineering.

[@youssefhassanein3888]

I AM 294th

[@aliqazilbash5231]

🧐🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰

[@rockinstrawberries]

I feel like drug discovery and delivery doesn't actually fall under engineering? A lot of this is what analytical chemists are trying to do.

[@rockinstrawberries]

Lino 0 the delivery part was the part I specifically meant to say that analytical chemists tackle. A lot of the things that she mentioned (such as nanoparticles) fall under chemistry

[@linofragoso6968]

@@rockinstrawberries I'm sure you're correct, I'll take my statement back.

[@ch1ll1add.25]

Make a video how to genetically engineer a catgirl

[@JairaZeck]

why does it have to be a drug? ever heard of reiki?

[@G33k499]

Yes. It is BS.

[@JairaZeck]

SciReview do you have an actual standpoint and experience and research or just insults?

[@G33k499]

To be clear, I never insulted you. I just stated my opinion based on the evidence I have seen. Actually, I have done some research on the matter. A meta-analysis was conducted in 2014, even though they reported better pain management, they stated that the current evidence doesn't support recommending it for clinical use. Also, a 2018 systematic review stated that it had a positive effect on pain. But here is the kicker. The 4 RTCs included in that paper stated that both the treatment group and control group stayed on their opioid medications. So that tosses out your claim about not needing drugs. Basically, it is a placebo effect with short term benefits and claiming we don't need drugs at all after a hand full of poorly designed studies is insane.

[@JairaZeck]

SciReview i never claimed you to have insulted me. calling anything names is a weird way of getting your opinion across. there are studies of real time cameras showing a tumor being shrunken by the use of energy work. our body is fully capable of doing everything we need to survive. our emotions are the cause of illness. misaligned energy points. so yes it will seem temporary if we don’t actively change why these things occur; the root issue or our emotions/thought patterns, toxic habits, even the way we eat. illness is low vibrations/energies. the body is sick; so raising the vibration of that body part (reiki) will cause the body to HEAL ITSELF. in no way is reiki the thing to heal or fix, it’s our body, but reiki raises its vibration to fight off the low vibrational illnesses

[@JairaZeck]

even something as simple as breathwork can change our bodies.

[@JairaZeck]

why does it have to be a drug??? why not psychological reprogramming?

[@hoosier-veganguy6038]

jaira zeck To keep Big Pharma happy. :)

[@JairaZeck]

ever heard of reiki?

[@hoosier-veganguy6038]

jaira zeck Not until now. Looks pretty interesting from what I see on Google.

[@worldbuildingjuice]

@@JairaZeck reiki sounds like pseudoscience

[@JairaZeck]

hoosier- veganguy the human body is fully capable of keeping itself healthy physically through its emotional energy (which is stored in our muscles)