How To Get Land FOR FREE! (UK)

[@Kerr.Rawden]

The interest in this has been huge, and I have received dozens of messages asking for help, advice and even consultancy offers. So, I've spent the last few months writing an e-book - a fully comprehensive guide to claiming land. Every little detail you may need on your journey, every little thing to think about, has been included - from finding a suitable plot of land to making your claim to getting planning permission. This e-book is designed to hold your hand from a mild interest in the matter (perhaps after watching this video) to being a fully fledged owner of your own piece of land, which you acquired free of charge. You can get a copy (e-book or paperback) here: www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B095RXFQX4/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i0

[@bluemarlin4856]

Amazing. Got myself a copy👍

[@mks8172]

Is this even legal besides is it possible to have utilities.

[@SteveInskip]

Great idea and I’ll be getting a copy. But you’re right, it’s important to mingle in, make friends with the locals and be up front about things.

[@matttaylorandthesquaredwhe3222]

Excellent upload. What about Scotland. ? Any help would be appreciated..

[@oleggorky906]

@@matttaylorandthesquaredwhe3222 it would probably be the same because Scotland is also a common law country.

[@sirillustration]

I prefer the old method. All you need is a sword, and some mates with swords.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

😂 Works a charm!

[@GrumpSkull]

And take a trebuchet. Oh, and don't forget the battering ram.

[@camledward]

@@GrumpSkull boats can be useful once you out grow your original plot ;)

[@andrewspence7635]

Yes that's entirely legal expansion , to civilise the wicked . Oh yes .

[@capricornmagic63]

Excellent! :-))

[@flyingeye9133]

i took possession of land abandoned for years it was used for fly tipping now its a quarter of an acer paradise that ime building a house and the locals love it i grow fruit and veg there and give it away to passers by

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thats awesome mate! ✌️

[@veganvocalist4782]

Oh Gethin you HERO 😃 a real angel for the Planet , oh this gives me a little hope for humanity. That’s exactly what I would do . Everything is to share and we only need take enough and make sure that no man , woman, child or animal go un fed 🙏🏽🤗

[@andrewcarter504]

Acer do you mean acre. Also ime you mean I am.

[@oleggorky906]

Somewhere in Wales, guessing by your name? 😄😄

[@woomeebly]

Sounds like my ideal life...

[@dawn5227]

I've got extra land added to my garden. An unowned area of land behind my fence line was just an area no one could use so all we had to do was move our fence line. That was over 30 years ago. It's now been added to the property plans.

[@NuniqueNewNork]

This is 100% the normal situation. Unfortunately, there are also situations where it's a hell of a lot more than a small garden. I'm looking at 11 acres in one spot, and the other spot, after I called them for YEARS, AND picked up their trash, they finally sold it. hahah 16 acres.

[@hightreason]

we should all claim land and create nature reserves

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Yeah babyyyy

[@pezsquit7477]

There's enough of them as it is to be honest.

[@jamierichardmaltby5492]

That’s a proper vegan thing to do.

[@diesel92kj1]

Public land for recreational activities would be better.

[@hightreason]

@@diesel92kj1 if you were able to preserve natural biodiversity but turning untamed nature into a grass field would be environmentally irresponsible in my opinion

[@cuhurun]

Kerrbear... here's a 'trade secret' for you to ensure this works. This trick goes back a long, long way into history, but isn't commonly known. Find a small plaque of lead and inscribe your name, personal details and the date you fenced the area. Have a witness add their details and then, ask them to accompany you when you bury it beneath one of your fence corner posts. I can guarantee it helps you win if it comes to future legal contestations.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

That's a wicked little trick! I imagine before smart phones that would have been a winning combo! Thanks for sharing! 🙂

[@Anglisc1682]

Thank you, fella!

[@cuhurun]

@@Anglisc1682 : My pleasure. Hope you succeed in claiming a plot. Cheers.

[@Anglisc1682]

@@cuhurun Thank you kind man :) take good care of yourself!

[@I-talk-about-tough-topics]

@cross hatch2 Possibly not. It's called "adverse possession", by the way. It may all be in his book, too, by the way.

[@moh8483]

Someone in my town done this a few years ago we didn’t know until he built a house on it apparently he had been looking after that piece of land for 20 years so he had it all planned and told no one

[@matthewtanner9823]

Easiest way to find unregistered land in a town is to look for huge trees that are blocking everyone's satelite signal. Phone your council explaining that you'd like the trees managed/cut back to allow a signal through to your house and the council will then deny ownership of that land. They'll probably tell you somebody else to call and they also will deny ownership. Then you can put in a claim. If you can obtain letters from all (so called owners) before placing a claim, then even better!!

[@pippo-1073]

Lol. I worked at a racecourse that had trees along the path. The council owned the path and tress. When we had bad weather and the trees would fall blocking the path the council would deny ownership and say the racecourse owns it.

[@michaelgreen1515]

The problem is the amount of unregistered land and registered land that doesn't show on the registry map.

[@TheVanderfulLife]

Imagine it being a strip of land infront of someones driveway - you could then charge them a fee to gain access to their own property!

[@michaelgreen1515]

@@TheVanderfulLife mostly people are wise enough to already have obtained "right of access" which is a different right; as are footpath rights so if a foot path goes through the land you are claiming even if it is an ancient and infrequently used you can't stop access along that route. Only beside it though some land owners try.

[@digitaIgorilla]

@@TheVanderfulLife That's called a 'ransom strip' and local authorities entered into this practice many years back. You're in good company ;)

[@BlakeB415]

*whispers* “it’s free real estate”

[@Kerr.Rawden]

😂😂

[@agenthaine]

Underrated comment

[@council]

Property of Jim Boonie

[@TMCNJ]

One of 2021's top comments 😄

[@willmck5351]

You've inspired me to pop down to my local old people's home and draw up a list of all the possessions they own so when they die shortly I can adversely claim as my own all their earthly belongings, they won't need them anyway when they're dead and I'll have everything. Lovely, thanks mate, you beautiful person😘ps if you ever get diagnosed with a terminal illness let me know, that's a nice plot you've snaffled there

[@Kerr.Rawden]

I'll give u a shout

[@samholborn]

Nice idea, 😅😅

[@philipkearley]

No strings attached? The fact that the owner could appear anywhere in the next 12 years and claim it back is a rather big string.

[@scottsound4711]

They can try to claim it bk but is up to a Judge at that point(say u done lots of work been there a few years locals like u and the owner left it to rot & just wants it back cus you turned up and has no intentions of doing anything with it)the Judge can rule in your favor. Every case will be difrent of course ,but that is my understanding as of now , I could be wrong mind you ..

[@AQUASURF]

@@scottsound4711 Owner with a true right vs some chancer... If I got the right and or deeds you be out on your ass mate.

[@richardschofield2201]

@@JamesBalazs he said in the video. It's only on the online database if it changed hands in the last 30 years. Before that it's all paper deeds.

[@jackpearson5285]

"the owner"... I think you've missed the point buddy.

[@richardschofield2201]

@@jackpearson5285 excellent

[@Gandalf-The-Green]

I think that is sensible and very fair legislative. Here in Germany, there is nothing like this to redistribute unused land. There are overgrown plots everywhere with rotting huts covered by brambles, meanwhile young people desperately looking for a weekend place or allotment and the prices are insane. With ownership comes responsibility, if you leave your land untended others may have a more legitimate need.

[@stevenwallacebaker9169]

so you are happy the government can decide ownership based on legitimate need?,you are happy for private property to be redistributed and you are happy for the state to have control over how private property is used? you are literally arguing for WEF/neo communist "you will own nothing and be happy" principles

[@NuniqueNewNork]

@@stevenwallacebaker9169 Not at all. This person is not asking for the STATE to have control. We are asking for equal rights on the planet earth. IF one person inherited, abandoned and forgot something, and never pays their taxes... never cleans the trash, the erosion, the infested trees, invasive species, etc... then another person (human) should be able to take ownership through CARE and HARD WORK. Nobody said they want all property to be reassigned. Nobody said that they want to steal occupied houses or tilled soil. And PS. It's 15 years here. Imagine paying taxes and caring for land for 15 years, and nobody shows up. Nobody fights. Sorry, dude, at that point, the RIGHT thing to do is allow a new owner. I know you probably haven't studied the law, but it's not the same thing as legal statutes. A legal statue says "you own this forever.. blah blah". The LAW says "you need to clean up your trash, protect the water supply, stop disease, eliminate parasites, prevent crime, and abandoned means "free". In my case, I'm dealing with an abandoned lot that EVEN THE POWER COMPANY STOLE 2 ACRES ALREADY BECAUSE THATS HOW LONG IT HAS BEEN ABANDONED. THERE WAS NOBODY TO ASK FOR PERMISSION SO THEY STOLE IT. So , if the power company is able to steal that land for a power line, after it was abandoned for 50+ years... why couldn't I build a fence and a house and PAY THE TAX. ? The problem with abandoned property is that it's a magnet for trash, homeless people, criminals, pests and disease... etc. Broken Windows theory

[@stevenwallacebaker9169]

@@NuniqueNewNork from your wording Im assuming your from the US? in the UK we have laws about rubbish being dumped,but thats not to do with land ownership,its usually fly tipped, but your comment makes no sense in regard to UK land law,stop disease,eliminate parasites?? ! we also dont pay land tax,you own a field and leave it to overgrow? in the UK thats totally down to you,call it "rewilded" and the government will give you money,but the point is your land your choice.

[@runoutofairydust4476]

We need to build eco safe places to escape from what's going on and keep our children safe. Excellent info.

[@martynbush]

I'm in my 60's now so a bit late to be starting on this path. But wish I'd known about this 30 years ago.

[@mikethomas4423]

Well. I'm 30 this year and I'll make you a deal... If you find the land I'll do the work and we can split the results.

[@divinemomentsoftruth5877]

Never too old

[@vanodyssey1659]

@@mikethomas4423 split what? land? vegetables? profits? The less capitalism this idea spawns the better! Why does everything have to be about profit?! That is why we are in this mess!!!

[@mikethomas4423]

@@vanodyssey1659 why do you have to make it about profit? Where did I mention profit... Just becasue your corrupted mind can't fathom unity. Dont tar us all with the same brush... I solely meant I'd split the land once we'd decided upon a location.

[@danhewitt1984]

@@mikethomas4423 I'm down for 50 50 split would just be glad to be able to leave something for my kids

[@ThePresentpresence]

I did this in an urban plot that at that point no one had any interest in. East London. 25 years later and developers are offering me £££££.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good stuff mate!! 😁 You gonna sell it?

[@angelicupstart1977]

Really ?

[@oliverworley5162]

Don't sell it. Offer to lease it out and you'll never have to work again

[@merseyviking]

I had a landlord in Liverpool that did the same thing. Kept his works vans there for years, then after 12 years he claimed it and built some lovely apartments on it. The council tried all the tricks to try to claim it but it was too late.

[@bongoutofwater]

You should build a cap store on it

[@WoolFire]

Absolute legend... already found mine 2 years ago but never took proof photos with geo location... Will start again with this knowledge

[@sound1345]

Can vouch for this. Did it in Bootle Liverpool. An old road that had been turned into no-man's land following a housing development build.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Nice!

[@karlosxzy]

Interesting video. The hard part is finding unowned land in an area where the land is actualy useful and within a useful proximity of anything. That's the case in Australia at least. All the good arable land and near the coast is claimed, owned and protected. Some back country areas might have abandoned / unowned land though. So this is only useful if you're happy to have the dregs most people can't be bothered with. As Australia has laws based on UK land laws, it's a very similar system and process here too.

[@sueseverin1871]

I was wondering about Australia too as I live here. Yes, it's one thing in the Garden of England but different as with useful land here though. Still possibly worth a try though as with the back country areas as you say.

[@SolvelawUk]

All land is absolutely owned by the crown, however the crown historically granted estates in land, now days these are known as freehold and leasehold land which are technically inferior to the crowns absolute ownership. If you die without heirs or in some cases without a Will, your estate in land (freehold or leasehold) goes back to the Crown for extinguishing of that title. Waiting some 12 years to assert a possessory title is of course a risk one would take in this situation.

[@wren5291]

Every living creature has a right to a safe secure home where they should be left undisturbed. I'm seriously looking into going off grid somewhere, sadly because of financial ruin and the reality that I will likely never be able to pay off the mortgages. And because this backwards way of life is killing me - physically and spiritually. Thank you for the informative video👍💚

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Agreed. Thanks for watching 🙂 good luck with your search and transition to off grid! 🙂✌️

[@Kitiwake]

I wouldn't sweat about you situation. Try getting a new skill or modernising an old one. Remember, the miracle of the loaves and fishes? That can work for you

[@wren5291]

@@Kitiwake I don't know what country you live in, but sadly in the UK it can be quite a feat gaining new skills because of the backwards way many things are done - also just trying to survive "the western way" in the mean time is a feat in itself lol. And although I am of the firm conviction that if you 'don't ask, you don't get', that doesn't stop people being mean with their knowledge and time regardless of the initiative one shows - that includes the government. However, I'm grateful for your input and my mum and I are "keeping on" as best we can, and I continue to educate myself nonetheless, as well as networking and finding like minded people to talk with.👍 I'm very curious, what do you mean by "loaves and fishes"?🙃

[@wren5291]

@@Kitiwake Ah, I think my memory just jogged a bit (more than my legs have😆). Is it religious?

[@Kitiwake]

@@wren5291 ya... Part of the failure of western society is the loss of Christian faith. If you want inner strength then faith and prayer will give it to you. The miracle of loaves and fishes occurred twice in holy scripture where the small amount of loaves and fishes were multiplied exponentially by Christ. I was once when you are with almost nothing but I worked on my mindset and faith and it was amazing when money, accommodation and good health with a prosperous future just started to come out of nothing. Just deny yourself and start saving 10% or more regularly. It's all about the habit. We can save 10% of anything. Also, when you're at rock bottom then you have a solid foundation to build on. Do you have a license? Can you get a bus licence? Lots of work. Get struck in.

[@leebrennan9431]

the less people know this the better as far as im concerned lol

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Lol quick, claim it all before the masses swoop in! 😂

[@leebrennan9431]

@@Kerr.Rawden where r u based? im currently ongoing through my ten years on a large piece of land in Surrey. Love the adverse possession law, and it makes sense, too much land going to waste, so lets make use of it. Good luck bro

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Amazing mate! Do you homestead on it? I'm based in Somerset. Gotta love adverse possession laws, nowadays with the hyperinflated land and property prices, its one of the only real ways to obtain land for some people. Good luck to you too brother ✌️🙂

[@jodybigfoot]

@@leebrennan9431 where he goes, he is based

[@ladhernaTG]

Nonsense! The more, the merrier! A few families (now turned corporations) have owned most of this country's land for too long. Let the masses find out about this honest way to get a piece of land.

[@RedStone576]

hey guys, just a friendly reminder that sleeping is important

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Someone's in a KZbin wormhole 😉

[@bzynkapatrycja]

Just had a nap :)

[@thinginground5179]

Hmm.. you're not wrong.. im sleeping now

[@yakacm]

Yup good call, I try and sleep for at least a few hours each day if I remember that is, sometime I completely forget and got to work at 3am, then get there and think to myself, oh wow Archibald you've done it again haven't you?

[@yakacm]

@@Kerr.Rawden Ahh remember those days, before folk subbed and instead of watching your favourite youtubers, you just spent hours watching mad shit...I miss those days.

[@WyeExplorer]

Hey, really good to hear you speak of this, My twin brother Paul was big into this. He called it land grab. He had the same basic idea. Thanks for sharing - you clarified a few things. Mark

[@ESCAPINGTHEMATRIXFORGOOD]

Hello Mark, hope your keeping well.

[@WyeExplorer]

@@ESCAPINGTHEMATRIXFORGOOD Alright, yeah getting on.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good ol' Paul. All the best mate ✌️

[@WyeExplorer]

@@Kerr.Rawden He was an amazing brother. Peace!

[@RosieDee]

😊Land😂😂😂

[@justCommando]

That's crazy! I am jobless right now, I'm gonna take advantage of all this free time.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good luck mate 🙂✌️

[@angelicupstart1977]

How you getting on ?

[@lewisevans4655]

Did u manage to do it?

[@man-who-sold-the-world]

Process cost money from start to finish. Nothing is free.

[@lesles8514]

good luck

[@gee3883]

Nice! I heard of a family here in London who have done this with thousands of acres, think they're called the Windsors.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

😂 They were the OG's

[@gee3883]

@@Kerr.Rawden u know that

[@robwebster3517]

Would recommend ensuring it’s definitely unowned, Farmers tend to get pissed off when people try to filch land from them. Good idea though to make use of truly neglected land.

[@jamesward-parrish2309]

It's not neglected, it belongs to nature!

[@Dockhead]

councils seem to be the bigger enemy.

[@tonycammie1269]

@@Dockhead they think they own the land until the local authorities step in and start dictating lol

[@tonycammie1269]

@@Dockhead I rate they helping her majesty government write a Morden day Domesday Book, by claiming un registrated land and registering the land.

[@iainstirling1475]

Wee guy was walking through a field and a guy on a horse comes riding over to him. "Here you get off my land!" he says. The wee guys asks how it's his land. "Well my fore bearers fought for the King and was given the land as a thank you". "That right" says the wee guy, "Well get off your horse and I'll fight you for it now!!"

[@Kerr.Rawden]

😂😂😂

[@mikee8244]

I've always thought along those lines. Didnt royalty get there lands through 'forceful acts'. Come on lizzie I'll fight you for buck house!!

[@veganvocalist4782]

@@mikee8244 yea these thugs just stole EVERYTHING

[@Uouttooo]

The rider promptly got off the horse and just when you put your fists up ready for a fight, he pull out a handgun.

[@tresben6758]

You can fight her for it whenever you want, but she's got the entire British armed forces in her corner.

[@LunaMoonfae]

I took over a roundabout once in Ellesmere Port, it was absolutely brilliant, set up a protest campsite inside the roundabout,we had a kitchen, living room and loo,we build our house's out of pallets, we used solar panels for lights etc

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Haha love this!! Do you have any photos?

[@partofuscampaign7953]

I never knew you could do this!!! Amazing!!!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Glad you enjoyed :)

[@colinmottram4429]

The law differs in Scotland and the process to claim adverse possession is different - title states ‘UK’ but only applies to England (possibly Wales & NI but I don’t know their laws).

[@Kerr.Rawden]

In scotland its a very similar process but it is called positive prescription rather than adverse possession 🙂

[@colinmottram4429]

@@Kerr.Rawden I understood it was 20 years rather than 10.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

@@colinmottram4429 it's 10 years for acquiring land, like we did in the video. Its 20 years for public rights of way / servitude but that's not what we are trying to do :)

[@almagill]

​ @Kerrbear Adventures I think "positive prescription" sounds a lot friendlier than "adverse possession".

[@chromff9261]

For me you should fine the owners and ask them to give it to you if they are old and the land is basically a field with nothing on it.

[@tommiecharcoal]

if land is useful, it's being used already. development requires planning permission. To claim it you need to develop it. Catch 22 applies. Owning unproductive or remote/difficult access land is a pain in the arse. There are still a few good finds I imagine but few and far between. unfortunately. My tip is if you find somewhere that looks abandoned try and get a holding number from the local council. Holding numbers are a sort of smallholder animal farmer registration. You can't keep pigs for example without one. thanks

[@Tgspartnership]

that sounds like good advice

[@Whydoibother943]

I want to set up a small permaculture community, you have inspired me to start searching... Thank you.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good luck!

[@MaddogMD82]

Thank you for this advice! I've already found and claimed 3 plots totalling about 10 acres. Going to start clearing then soon, can't wait to put the improvement work in, they're all so overgrown but have so much potential. Your vid gave me the idea to do this!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

That's fast work son! Good on ya! 😎

[@MaddogMD82]

Thank you. Found a great technique which has helped me quickly isolate the unregistered and long-abandoned plots!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Would love to hear your technique bro! Would appreciate you messaging me on insta/fb with some details if you get a few minutes 🙂✌️

[@lilimmi79]

@@MaddogMD82 Hey man, care to share your tip for finding unregistered land? I'd really appreciate it

[@karanraiuk]

@@MaddogMD82 Hi Jack, I'd love to hear more about your technique please.

[@masher3618]

Every few years someone brings this up. To do this takes dedication .

[@brianlopez8855]

Can be very stressful and can go on for years. Firstly getting ownership THEN getting planning permission. You need to be resourceful, patient and very determined.

[@meghan5775]

Hi! I'm seriously interested in finding my own plot of land in the UK to live on one day, out in nature is where I am happiest! I was wondering if you are going to document any of your process working on the land/building or creating what you want to do with the plot?:) would love to watch it!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good luck with your dream, I love it! :) yes I plan on documenting the process with the land 🙂

[@Lifegrowsonandon]

Don't be silly the is just random owned land that he used to make the video

[@weyman4317]

Seems easy doesn’t it? In reality to own it legally you need to occupy it for more 12 years, demonstrate use over that period and exclude it from the world. You will need to spend money and pay and dues for services arising on the property such as council tax and supply services. Also remember that the land might have been abandoned for a reason ie. contaminated and you might be acquiring a liability which is subject to tree preservation orders, could be an area of S S I , could be in green belt so you will not get planning permission. Also remember that if the documentary title holder has the deeds and you have entered the land with force, with secrecy and knowing something about who owns the land you could end up in the civil courts. I would advise everyone to read HM Land Registry Guides 4 and 5 ( free online to read) before doing anything.

[@riefaification]

Never as simple as it seems

[@YNYNYNYNYNYN]

Council tax does not need to be paid

[@franwood2555]

Acts and statutes don't apply to living man

[@YNYNYNYNYNYN]

@@franwood2555 represent a dead man

[@freedom4life123]

@Cass Camden You cant steal land that isnt owned and land naturally doesnt belong to anyone. it is only borrowed just like everything else in life, including your own life.

[@arniddraig4721]

Thank you for sharing this with us! You look truly chuffed you've been able to do this and I don't blame you, you struck gold! Thanks for sharing :)

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks for watching :) good luck!

[@lovesquid8050]

This is the most useful information I’ve seen this year! ;)

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Glad it was useful 🙂✌️

[@robingatward1075]

www.gov.uk/government/publications/adverse-possession-of-1-unregistered-land-and-2-registered-land/practice-guide-5-adverse-possession-of-1-unregistered-and-2-registered-land-where-a-right-to-be-registered-was-acquired-before-13-october-2003 Try this instead.

[@jimjiminyjaroo300]

It really is

[@robertmatthews198]

I'm honestly staggered this is real, im moving back to the UK in few months and will be looking into this

[@mattmorrison6656]

Very glad I live in Scotland where land ownership isn't as huge a deal as in the rest of the UK

[@shawtravis7384]

What a great factual video - good presentation of a complex subject!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks Shaw :)

[@terrytin7352]

Amazed there are no comments to this startling and original band love 'em.

[@googlespyfranchise9089]

Thank you! I remember being told about this concept nearly thirty years ago and it always stuck in my head, nice to see the details laid out. You're a hero sir!! Let's hope all the little pockets of reclaimed land are put to fantastic beneficial uses.

[@brianlopez8855]

When you 'own' it, you can then start dealing with the local planners ! Good luck in building your hut.

[@martinfahy8348]

You should see if you can find an unregistered / abandoned belt for your jeans

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good shout tbf

[@PoloABD]

I’ve had a good look around at unowned properties now and it’s not as easy as this. Well- you’d need one heck of a positive outlook, and some luck too. I think you could make it work if you have a vehicle big enough to put all your temporary stuff in should you be removed from the property before the 5 year period is up. I think what would likely happen is the neighbours would pass on info about your squatting/ adverse possession attempt, then someone much richer than you can turn up and turf you out. Call me cynical, but they’ll find a way to get you out. Money wins in these situations.

[@NuniqueNewNork]

Correct. First, the relatives, friends, family, neighbors, ALLLLL need to be absent... OR... owe so much tax money that they simply cannot afford to pay for a lawyer AND the tax in return for their small share of the property. In other words, if the property was inherited by 30 grandkids, and they would only each get 3% of the land, and they each owe 3% of the overdue taxes.... They STILL wouldn't have enough land to build a home, or sell it to another owner, and they STILL wouldn't make a profit. In this situation, they might just let you steal it, so that they could offer you some money to buy a portion back from you. This is what I'm doing. I'm using my surname to steal the land, and ANYBODY with the last name GR..sby can show up and I'll sell them an acre for my cost. SUPER SUPER cheap. I hope they do. I hope they find me when it's all done. So step one is - Build a fence without damaging ANYTHING, and put a sign on the fence that says "Property of: MyName - Phone Number". And wait 2 years for phone calls, at least. Before putting your shit shack on it for your 'continuous posession'.

[@CL-ew7wh]

As a 22 year old who would like to own land someday this video was very helpfull, cheers mate

[@benedictearlson9044]

There is another way - get a job and save up some money to buy it.

[@dunyalivinfornow7544]

@@benedictearlson9044 oh you’re a karen

[@ftg6333]

@@benedictearlson9044 If you not pay rent and you get support from your family, then yea you can have some savings which inflation is eating each year

[@stat1865]

Subscribed Im 33 but coukd a couple of say 15 year olds do this cus what an adventure and huge learning potential, if i was 15 again this would be perfect, no going out stsbbing folk but in the forrest building huts etc

[@isla2017]

This totally works I went through adverse possession after 12 years and now I own the land in Sussex,, just need to get planning permission 😩

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Yesss! Awesome mate! How are you finding the planning permission process?

[@isla2017]

@@Kerr.Rawden not started as yet will need some help there ?

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Sure thing mate! I'm writing an ebook addressing every little detail, before and after the process. If you fancy checking it out, there is a link to pre-order it in the pinned comment :)

[@jamingaming9251]

You should have built a temporary building without permission. If they don't find out, then you can get it grandfathered in. There's another channel where a guy's doing it. He's keeping his house obscured from the road so no nosey council people can see.

[@isla2017]

@@jamingaming9251 great idea mate but the neighbours are all over me ,, 😠

[@seven77thunders]

Kerrbear I did exactly as you said on the tin got myself 1/4 acre thanks so much God is Good bless you brother . Wisdom from high

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Yesssss mate! Well done! Happy for you 🙂

[@Nas721]

Thanks for sharing brother, im not I would have, clearly, you're a better man. Much respect and I hope you find more.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thank you brother! 🙂🤙

[@Calvertmarian]

All these bank crisis and recession are all the signs of 2008 market crash 2.0, so my question is do I still save in the US dollar or is it okay to move all emergency and savings to precious metals?

[@BryanMcCann-ks9jh]

True, the idea of a portfoIio-coach used to sound generic, but a new study by investopedia actually found that demand for portfolio-coaches sky-rocketed by over 41.8% since the pandemic and based on firsthand encounters, I can say for certain their skillsets are topnotch, I've raised over $700k from an initially stagnant reserve of $150K all within 14months

[@BryanMcCann-ks9jh]

credits to Jenny Pamogas Canaya , one of the best portfoIio manager;s out there. she;s well known, you should look her up

[@alexanderolkhovskiy8272]

Brilliant! Because of lads like yourself, England and UK will prosper.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks for watching mate 🙂✌️

[@fredgalaxy7632]

They (living off the grid) live off the land. Don't pay taxes (if they are self sufficient for living means). This means the UK economy doesn't benefit from their choice of living and England will not prosper.

[@alexanderolkhovskiy8272]

@@fredgalaxy7632 pff, ok, where in the world did you get the definition of an economy which derives off paying land tax and bills?) First and foremost the economy depends on wealth of the commoners, king, parliament, lords, and so on and so forth, which also has to do with goods and services provided, it’s not solely tax and bills. That’s how it supposed to be and was until some time. Economies today are based off paper printed credit (debt) which just flows around and has no value because nowadays it’s not even backed by gold, and always defaults and there is no way around it). So it really depends what you call wealth and what you call economy because what we have now is utter shambles.

[@SteveInskip]

@@fredgalaxy7632 surely if you put a ‘residence’ on it and it’s not classed as agricultural, or if you rent it out as agricultural or earn income of any sort you start paying tax? If you keep it for yourself growing vegetables & bluebells then what’s the problem?

[@SteveInskip]

No it won’t. If this gets anything like popular the locals will claim everything. Nice try though!

[@CafèZelberto]

Wow that's really cool good luck, and thanks for sharing

[@mounascott5335]

Apart from the good information he's giving can we talk about his voice and accent I'm melting here listening to him

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Haha you're too kind 😘✌️

[@kokobwild2413]

The amount of shit this video is going to cause is comical to contemplate.

[@TheZiggZagg]

You should make a series on KZbin of you building stuff on the land. Like a cabin etc.. I would 100% tune in for that 👊✌️

[@Kerr.Rawden]

On it 😉

[@stormthrush37]

Great video! But respectfully, I think most people would agree that needing to improve the land in some way is "strings attached." Whether or not they're _significant_ strings is another question.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

You've got a point there mate. Thanks for your comment and for watching 🙂

[@jayfibonacci880]

Time stamp will be in the EXIF data stored in the code of the image taken, all formats, u can get the data co-ordinates, device, camera quality, this will stop any disputes and if u forgot to do the geo location.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Good info 👍

[@nadnerb33]

Would this even hold up in court? It's ridiculously easy to edit EXIF data in images. Or even easier, you can just change the date of your camera and snap some photos that look like they were taken 5 years ago.

[@jayfibonacci880]

@@nadnerb33 98% if would hold in court its exactly how the police doit them selves, you can tell if an image has been manipulated these days, the programs or apps used always leave a watermark so when someone does open up the bare metal code u can clearly see this was an edited image. What u see on ur GUI isn't all that exists in that image, I'm not say, certain formatting can't be manipulated in such away u will never work out if it was tampered with or not but the majority of people won't know where to go for programs like that. Or even know wtf EXIF data is, or that devices even leave a trace of where in time that image was burned.

[@nadnerb33]

@@jayfibonacci880 it is very easy to edit EXIF data and leave no evidence that is has been modified. Some cameras, e.g high end Canons will create a fingerprint of all the EXIF data so if any EXIF data is changed the fingerprint will be wrong. However, even this has been cracked so you can edit the EXIF and then generate a new valid fingerprint. But not all cameras even use this type of protection. Also, as I said before, change the time on your camera to whatever you want and your camera will produce perfect unedited images/EXIF that no one can prove the timestamp is wrong. Yeah this may not be widely known about or even understood by a layman jury, but if the stakes are high enough (probably not in the case of a small land parcel) can it really be trusted?

[@jayfibonacci880]

@@nadnerb33 Yea, i would say its down to how much money the land owner wants to spend on defending his land, if it ever reached the court & how close the relationship is between the land owner and local law would play a huge part init aswell ,these days anyway. The polotics of it all i dont know but if u have the money to purchase a concrete solicitor, i imagine the person "stealing" the land would of pulled out. From my perspective anyway,

[@ghjgbnhjjghjthknvf6379]

I'd wish him good luck but I'm not sure this is the best way of gaining land. But I've never done it, I did a different tact of buying a small plot of land for £8000 ( I understand not possible for everyone to do) but I own it and have placed a tiny house on wheels onto hidden with an Army camo net to keep prying eyes away.

[@RedHeadForester]

This is incredibly useful information, very relevant to a situation I'm currently in.

[@maryhairy1]

Love it! I wish I’d have known about this 10 years ago!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Better late than never 😎

[@bellajohn2258]

I came here to learn how to trade after listening to a guy on radio talk about the importance of investing and how he made $460,000 in 4 months from $160k. Somehow this video has helped shed light on some things, but I'm confused, I'm a newbie and I'm open to ideas.

[@stevenmark4492]

Having monitored my portfolio performance which has made a jaw dropping $360k from just the past two quarters alone, i have learned why experienced traders makes enormous returns from the seemingly unknown market.

[@allengalvin2838]

@@stevenmark4492 Interesting. I've a lump sum doing absolutely nothing at all in my bank account, i wanna gets something started with it. You seem to be doing excellent for yourself, how do you achieve this?

[@stevenmark4492]

@@allengalvin2838 Am trading with expert Bell Elizabeth, a regulated broker in UK. Met her sometime early last year at a start up funding event. She has some interesting things to say about the state of algorithmic trading today. Obviously I'm seeing the results.

[@juniorlucky54]

@@stevenmark4492 That's impressive. Are you giving her your money or it does stay in your trading account? What's really the idea behind copying trades.

[@stevenmark4492]

@@juniorlucky54 My money stays right in my trading account, my account just mirrors her trade in real-time. That's the idea behind copying trades.

[@Anglisc1682]

Damn, you don't know how much I appreciate this video, found it just in time too. Thank you so much

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks for watching, hope its of use :)

[@Anglisc1682]

@@Kerr.Rawden Absolutely!

[@davedavycrocket]

Hi Mr Bear, We are definitely interested in learning more DETAILS about this 'land claiming' idea. What do you say to the following statement on Gov.uk HM Land Registry: "Some people think that unregistered land isn’t owned by anyone or refer to it as ‘no man’s land’. But this isn't right. In England and Wales, all land is owned by somebody, even if the legal owner can’t be identified. For example, if a person dies without a Will or blood relatives, their land or property can pass to the crown by law (referred to as Bona Vacantia)." According to that statement there seems to be a 'catch all' clause that will prohibit anyone from registering land in their name?

[@Kerr.Rawden]

This is true, and under the same laws Australia and New Zealand still 'technically' belong to the crown... Adverse possession laws still apply though so you should be able to make a claim 🙂✌️

[@davedavycrocket]

@@Kerr.Rawden Ok Thanks :)

[@paulmaryon9088]

@@Kerr.Rawden Sorry dude you are wrong there, check out the law before making such bold statements, you could end up in jail, ........ just saying

[@chucklesthecrustyjuggler]

Check out the old law of a house by night, basically in Wales if you find a plot can put up 4 walls a roof and have smoke coming out the chimney between sunset and sunrise you could keep the house and as much land as you could throw an axe from each of the 4 corners of your dwelling

[@ZoidPickle]

Am 50 now, was doing this quite A while ago. Got a tiny bit in wales. Its a lengthy process, as you explained. 3% is a good estimate. Its access over Other peoples land that makes it almost Impossible to have the last 3% lol Interesting video, thanks 👍

[@sammyg2210]

That's actually useful to hear. Chatting to a farmer and asking for access might be an opportunity to get to know the local community which I might be able to use as leverage should anything flag up..

[@x66Hawk66x]

I second that statement. I have found the majority of potential claims, have been enclosed amongst other pieces of land. sometimes if worth looking at the surrounding lands (title plan) to see if an implied access right to the unregistered land exists, in such a case it may be worth having a shot at claiming the land, if the rights of access do not appear to be in use, it's a good indicator of a possible claim.

[@buffplums]

Whether you own any piece of land doesnt mean you can do anything with it. You may still need planning permission or need to apply for a change of use. Also you may then be liable for council tax in it?

[@lukenewton143]

Put a mobile home onit, you won't need planning permission

[@eleanorisbitt7813]

Council tax is unlawful

[@stevenwallacebaker9169]

The 12 year rule is 30 years for land owned by the crown including some government land and church land so really check into the lands history,also agricultural land in some areas can be pretty cheap,a few grand an acre,maybe not good enough for commercial farming but good enough to grow food,you would own it on day one and if its a straight forward sale it could work out way cheaper than adverse possession in the long run.

[@itsjustrichard6503]

Wow! This is something that I’ll definitely keep in mind. As homes get more expensive to buy, this is definitely something to consider for my future home. Thank you so much

[@koitorob]

Just because you've claimed a plot of land doesn't mean you'll be given planning permission to build on it!

[@gvgrassman]

@@koitorob same can be said about any land whether you claim it, own it in title, or not at all, you could always be refused planning permission

[@stevenwallacebaker9169]

@@gvgrassman no if you claim land within town and country plans which has prior planning history you have a chance of getting planing permission to build a house,claim agricultural land and try for change of use to residential you have about zero chance

[@chazamon960]

I did this without realising for my current property, I misjudged the fence line by 50ft (there was concrete beams across the ground I mistook as the gardens fence line) we had it for 15 years and our neighbours got rejected an extension to land and made a complaint for us, we had the council investigate and as we had receipts and stuff and photos of us using this for like 15 years + they said it's classed as our land now lol so I gianed 50ft 😎

[@Tgspartnership]

glad you not my neighbour!

[@trancehi]

I've often wondered who owns those waste bit of lands along coastlines. I live near Lyme Regis, Dorset, and there's millions of little plots just back off the coast line (not the beach). Some places you can't access without using a machete or abseiling into. I'm an urban explorer and hard-core adventurer and know of loads of little plots. Intriguing video.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Abseiling into claiming some land would be pretty epic mate!! 😎 I think you should go for it!

[@colinslant]

I would recommend consulting an actual lawyer before relying on any advice given in this video. It's not always as straightforward as this makes out.

[@scottsound4711]

Why don't u just save that money and buy books on land law then look at adverse possession.You could go libraries as well .Its not that hard ..Ps he is right adverse possession. Its not that hard .

[@DarkShroom]

we'll know if it worked in 15 years

[@williamnunn8847]

why not arm yourself with common law? with this you can start overturning parking fines etc. when common law cannot be used you know it's a totalitarian dictatorship.

[@RedHeadForester]

@@scottsound4711 Also worth looking into case law regarding adverse possession. Where there are strange questions that the law as written doesn't answer, if it's been through court previously there'll be a precedent.

[@SDrtheone]

Yup. Going to get himself into a massive lawsuit if he isn’t careful.

[@zanyzoo6767]

I thought this was generally known. But be aware all the glitters is not gold. If you are claiming land, then anything that occurs on that land while your claiming , you could be liable .

[@briansmithenergy248]

Love respect and gratitude. Time is now. Thank you for helping and sharing. Amazing energy to you and to flow. You are unlimited. Doing it. Feeling good 👍

[@Stormyweld05]

This information is incredible! We'd love a homestead and we're always looking at land for sale. I'm often frustrated with the price of land, especially when so much of it is sold via auction and it's hard to get a mortgage on land. This video has given me food for thought. Thank you. 😀

[@Kerr.Rawden]

So glad you found it helpful 🙂 thanks for your kind words! You'll have to let me know if you end up claiming some land somewhere! All the best 🙂✌️

[@snowflakemelter1172]

You still won't get PP if you get the land this way or buy it.

[@Stormyweld05]

@@snowflakemelter1172 You don't need it if you're using it for growing and storing food.

[@vudusid8717]

And how are you going to get access to this land, for deliveries of construction materials? Helicopter?? What he is not telling you is that there is no point having land if you can't have an access road to it. If you have land in the middle of nowwhere, then there will be no road or access. And you can't just build a road because it will be on someone else's land.

[@Stormyweld05]

@@vudusid8717 Who said they're constructing anything, never mind building roads? 🤔 Clearly we're talking about different things as I'm not sure how this is relevant to growing food.

[@TreeandJulia]

Great stuff mate! loving your channel!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks bro, really appreciate your kind words 🙏🙂✌️

[@tlims6401]

Best of luck to you! 👌👍👍 Well done for finding out all that. Im so looking forward to see what youre going to do with it.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks mate

[@octipuscrime]

Perfect, time to pursuit a land for my evil chicken squad.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

😂😂 Chicken nation incoming!

[@Fragrant_Digits]

When putting up a fence how do you know exactly where the border to that bit of land is exactly?

[@Joseph_S_Clark]

ig ask the locals, or look where they put their fence up

[@Kerr.Rawden]

You should be able to figure it out from the title deeds of surrounding plots (if the surrouding plots are registered)

[@grumreapur]

I've got a friend who started living in the woods about 20 years ago, he got to know the people in the local area, he's a friendly hippy type, and ended up buying the land off the farmer about 16 years ago for very little money. He has since sold 2 other plots to friends and it's all completely off grid. So I know it's doable, I have a friend who has become crypto rich who is looking to do the same thing, get to know a farmer, see what land he has to offer and then hopefully buy it off him for my whole group of friends to live in

[@Boi1derrr]

Studied this in my Land Law module he’s right lmao

[@weaselkenievil]

You said a 1000 likes 😂 smashed that target mate! Crack on!!! Good video, really interesting, I can see why so many people liked it. Subscribed, looking forward to seeing what you do with it.

[@neiltomkins4713]

A very interesting video. My worry with this is that these pieces of unkempt land are often wildlife sanctuaries and people taking them over may well clear the trees and shrubs to create possibly another countryside eyesore.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Agreed, we can only hope people take proper care of the land and wildlife in the vicinity 🙂

[@johnrawden9461]

I think you'll find that land is mine 😂 When shall we argue about it - 5 years, 10 years, or 12?

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Let's say 12, don't forget the boxing gloves 😉🥊😂

[@fredgalaxy7632]

3:30

[@MsVanorak]

after he has built a house on it

[@sorosfox3801]

Amazing!! Well done and thanks for sharing!

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks Ama!

[@Every1isLostatSea]

You can't do what you want on it they wont even let you live in a tent for longer than 28 days

[@gutz323]

There is ways around that. I don't knows the ins and outs (and it does take time) but I heard the best thing to do to get to live on it and eventually get planning permission for a house is to add cattle, like I said I don't know much about it but once you have cattle, you build a hut for humans to stay whilst looking after the cattle and receive mail regarding your small cattle business. Once you have a postal address its all uphill from there. How true this is, or I don't know if I am wording it right but this is kind of what a family friend did, I also am probably missing out a lot of in-between details, but there is ways if you have time.

[@Every1isLostatSea]

@@gutz323 thanks

[@Kerr.Rawden]

I advocate living in a van that can be moved until you get planning permission to build a house :) (which isn't that hard to get). All these little details are in my ebook :)

[@Cchogan]

@@Kerr.Rawden - planning permission might be impossible if it sits within a local "village plan." Or any other specific local planning limitations. Even land owned for many years where someone has been in temporary residence can hit a wall on planning permission. The local parish council can be a good place to check. They can give an indication on what future plans there might be and whether local people are receptive to building anything. For instance, in my tiny village, the residents object to everything, and tend to get their way!

[@primordialpouch565]

Always better to work with the planning from the start, they aren't keen on surprises! The reality is yes you may have some land but getting residential use could never happen - if you stay on it and they find out they will not be so cooperative with you, of course if you have a large bank account you'll be fine

[@jameslee4399]

It called adverse possession, same applies to derelict houses, good in theory, in reality more hassle than its worth

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Yep, can be done with derelict houses too!

[@BoBSmith-jz5dm]

Hi , I think there is a derelict house near me, I thought maybe the owner/s have died and had no next of kin as it has been empty and left for a long time many years(I will try find out for sure) it's on a well kept street but hidden behind trees/bushes and looks abandoned, assuming it is, I thought maybe I could claim, I found that the house is Tenure:Freehold via HM Land Registry ,meaning they owned the house and the land it is on? was getting excited and tried to find out who would own the house if was left to no one as I wouldn't want the owners turning up and throwing me out after doing up the place , so after more research I found that the property goes to the crown(bona vacantia) if no next of kin , so how would adverse possession work in that case, I mean if I did what is done is this video ie claim it , photo geo location ect , and any owners never claimed it , surely the crown would just take it from me , or would my claim override that ? can't see that it would ? thanks for any info :-) edit* I'm guessing I could try to claim it before actually living there and just wait and see and hopefully after so many years would rightfully be mine as I had it (living there technical) for over so many years , so I suppose it depends how long it takes the crown to claim, ? I mean how would they even know it's empty anyway , although I'm sure the council would be wondering where their council tax is lol edit2(lol)* ahhh I just realised , it is registered , not unregistered, does that make difference ? just wandering because you said same with derelict houses , but won't all houses be registered ? confused lol , thanks , edit 3* lol , ok after more research have found that you can still use adverse possession on registered property (derelict/abandoned) am guessing once you make official notification of your intent for possession (form adv1 or is that only after 10/12 years?), the "crown" won't try to take from you lol ? is that right , or am I well off now ? I just picture a someone working for the queen turning up saying get out lol ok last edit edit 4* lol , am reading about escheat , and thinking will fall under that , basically the crown owns everything you can only posses it , so the house will be sold by them at market value , my my main question is which I can't find on google is how long before the property/land becomes Bona Vacantia or escheat , ie if I make a claim using adverse possesion and there are no owners, will the "crown" take it away before the 12 years ? from what I can gather , they - the crown, can't take possession either until after 12 years ie make it Bona Vacantia (although they already own it lol) , which is when it's disolved but only if is a company , if is not ie freehold they falls under escheat ? sorry if am not making sense , am confusing myself now lol , so I think basically you have to get in there first as quick as poss so you can claim "possession" after 12 years before they do (the crown) ? so yeah my main question was how long before it becomes Bona Vacantia or escheat if there are no other owners ,anyway my brain is hurting now , didn't plan on making this long haha was just a quick question , sod it am gonna find some land and live in a hut , no more edits now I promise , thanks

[@jameslee4399]

@@BoBSmith-jz5dm I couldn't really comment, I'm really no expert, it's just something that pricked my ears over a decade ago and I had a bit of a look into it. I think if you are serious about it, I'd treat it as a fun hobby exploring old buildings and land, compile a big list of potentials and see how you go, there is a chance of finding something that way, but don't be to disappointed if you don't.

[@BigHenFor]

@@BoBSmith-jz5dm You need to speak to a solicitor, because de jure all land is owned by the Crown. Adverse possession, which is what you seek is a grant to you by the Crown which dependant on the land's status as no legal title being possessed by anyone else. The burden of proof is on you that it does meet the conditions that allow you to claim possession. Yeah, that will cost money but, buildings in town and cities are far more complicated than empty land in rural areas, and might save you money in the long run.

[@brianlopez8855]

Squatting in a dwelling is now a criminal act. Squatting on land with a vehicle will soon be criminal too. Even if you own the land you will be sitting on the edge of your chair for at least 4 years while you exist in the hovel you built as your only or main dwelling, whilst waiting for Planning Enforcement to knock the door. Its an option but it can be very stressful too.

[@littlebrookreader949]

This is a wonderful video! I wish we could do that here! Love and best wishes to all from Mississippi! ❤️❤️❤️

[@InterdimensionalWiz]

you can do it in any country. just get some Trump in your viegns and 'Take the Land.' do beautiful things with it for yourself and the local community, embarress them into giving it to you legally. permaculture, kids workshops, open days. etc.example envioronmentally sound mini homes, make the place flourish and prosper! no drums after 10pm. keep it delightful for visitors, make it a community center. they cannot close it or chuck you out, papers and TV would have a field day. hope you got photos of how crap it looked when you arrived. you can take the local council building in the same way! a free forum space is the first duty of any council, do they offer a free forum space for locals to discuss local issues? if not, take the council building for appropriate use, confiscate it from them! you can even get them to cover your expenses as you have had to bypass them to get their job done! how are they with homeless? if they dont do good work, bypass them and do it yourself, comendeer their buildings and land, they are not doing their duty....you are! in order to serve the community, you are in a very powerful position on this route!

[@KD__.]

I remember buying a book out of the back of a magazine about this 30+ years ago and thinking... I'm not waiting 12 years ! If only I had been more patient as a kid... You could use the same method on houses and property back then 👍🏻

[@averagejoe4284]

Dang I never knew definitely gonna attempt this thinking maby somewhere nearby but wouldn’t be a bad idea to do it somewhere up north

[@MsBuckeroo]

Stay down there please 😉

[@mcoupe6459]

What free land ,, Amazing Info cant quite believe that this is a thing, but will keep my eye open when im out and about

[@Supersweepuk]

This is fantastic! Thanks for details

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Thanks for watching! Hope they serve you well 😁✌️

[@ssssSTopmotion]

This is where my empire shall rise....

[@theworldstage7712]

thank you for this information bud, much needed.

[@Kerr.Rawden]

Hope it serves you well mate:)

[@thedeadnightking9975]

The English First settlers in America would freak out seeing this title.

[@razza424]

more people should know this!

[@johnswift7987]

I'm trying to do this for a community kitchen project

[@charliehinde1701]

You have more than 1000 likes my friend. I would like to discuss citizenship of your independent nation xD

[@buildersandinteriorexperts]

Land can be unregistered yet still have a head lease holder who will usually win any court action even if you've used it for 30 years.