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Resting liquidity refers to buy and sell limit orders that are placed and remain in the order book waiting to be executed. This pooled liquidity helps provide market stability and facilitates trading. Here are some reasons why resting liquidity is important:
1. Provides support/resistance - The unexecuted limit orders at different price levels create "soft floors" or zones of buying/selling interest that provide support and resistance. This helps contain price movements.
2. Smooths volatility - With resting limit orders in the book, buy and sell interest exists ready to participate as prices fluctuate up and down. This helps dampen volatility.
3. Creates certainty - Traders can visually see the amount of buy/sell interest at a given price level via the depth of market (DOM), providing certainty around where liquidity may emerge.
4. Cost efficiency - The presence of resting limit orders means less need for market orders to drive price discovery. Paying liquidity providers with limit orders means less spread/fee costs.
5. Keeps markets stable - Pools of resting liquidity prevent huge air pockets devoid of any buying/selling interest from occurring, which causes dangerous volatility.
In essence, resting liquidity helps provide a stability buffer for markets - smoothing volatility, containing prices, creating transparency, and promoting cost efficiency for traders. It is the “reservoir” of tradable depth that keeps markets functioning effectively.