How to stop inflation

Euro area inflation was 4.9% in November 2021.
The European Central Bank (ECB) could raise interest rates or sell bonds.
However, it is not clear if this would really stop inflation, because inflation is driven by higher energy costs.
If energy prices go down, this should have a negative impact on inflation in 2022. But if companies pass on higher costs and wages to consumers, inflation will remain above the ECB's 2% target.

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