Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Crash Course Chemistry #43

Functional groups? Functional groups within functional groups? Hank takes today's Crash Course video to discuss some confusing ideas about Hydrocarbon Derivatives but then makes it all make more sense.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
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Table of Contents
Alcohols 1:53
Hydroxyl Groups 3:51
Aldehydes 2:47
Carboxylic Acid 4:06
Acetone is a Ketone 4:43
Ethers and Esters 5:49
Amines 6:39
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[@crashcourse]

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

[@abdulwahhab7795]

You could be a rapper

[@khosrosadi5196]

Abdul Wahhab yes you are for sure

[@gboi3500]

@@hennessy_aj i'm more concerned by it's lack of sense...

[@gangsterkoala1]

“It’s either an ether or an ester, either ester or ether, ether or ester either one, one or the other, either ether or ester!” 😂 This had me cracking up, so thankful for Hank Greene🙏

[@celestesajik9926]

who else is watching this an hour before their exam?

[@danielashe835]

I am right now! All 6 lessons for organic chem. Maybe ill get it before i write

[@jae9169]

2 hours left for me

[@bryonrusselmatias9362]

Celeste Saji K a presentation, science presentation

[@choasslave4608]

Watching this because I'm gonna make a letter with 300 to 500 words in it :/

[@zainbenten4423]

4 days prior lol

[@SteveSimi]

You should do a crash course in organic chemistry...Hank you are literally the greatest teacher I've ever had!

[@orangemushroominfield]

like haloalkanes and whatnot... a crash course on those would be so useful

[@ok3892]

They are doing one now!

[@turdl38]

I don't know what a script supervisor does, but I always picture a stack of papers sprouting legs and trying to run off then that person grabbing it before it can get anywhere.

[@Strothy2]

i need a new brain i just melted...

[@wisdomcongeal2110]

Strothy2 lol 😂

[@gokucrazy22]

Organic Chemistry is like a fun puzzle and a lot of wordplay. When I solve organic chemistry problems, I feel like I'm sherlock holmes or something XD

[@devasmitakundu8874]

Have you studied all the reaction (example - Friedel crafts alkylation reaction, acetylation reaction, clemensen reduction reaction, bayer's test, wolf-kishner reaction, wurtz reaction, mozingo reduction)????????

[@isa.sharif]

I studied this in school in the whole past month, and now you made it all fit in a 8:37 minutes long video. School is so boring, and even more boring and useless when there are good videos like this one.

[@Yuno08888]

still the depth your school is providing you while teaching you these stuff is important. These are like..the very basics about a portion of hydrocarbon derivatives

[@isa.sharif]

@@Yuno08888 Wow! I wrote this comment in my last year of high school, and now I'm in my last year of college, becoming a doctor in a few months.. Only god knows how bad I miss those school days 😢 Thank you for reminding me of this comment 😊

[@Yuno08888]

@@isa.sharif I'm in my last year of highschool as well! Hopefully i can become a doctor as well Congratz dude I wish you all the best♥

[@abethshesings]

I wish I could be just as passionate and brilliant as you are :,(

[@thepowerofcheesecake]

Damn. Chemistry is beautiful.

[@TheSupo123]

you have an awesome pic :3

[@bobizemo]

Axel493 (ಠ_ಠ) really nigga

[@andreistephen4965]

Axel493 I like both your pictures kingdom hearts rocks

[@bobizemo]

Andrei Stephen shut up scrub

[@andreistephen4965]

umn kay then

[@JTan-wu7wg]

Cadaverine? Sounds good for an extreme metal band.

[@humixmusic4lyf]

5:20 - more than twice mate -__-'

[@HerTheOneAndOnly]

I just love hank- whenever I start dozing off, he cracks a joke. " Methanol absolutely will kill you"

[@anoli2759]

5:20 i swear if you watch this episode twice you will understand

[@HerTheOneAndOnly]

That actually cracked me up

[@bushrasadia9534]

PERFECT TIMING I sighed and decided to watch it again thats EXACTLYwhen he assured me !

[@sheenakorah8588]

I actually watched it thrice

[@user-be4yc2vr5c]

he lied

[@flippindojo]

I was confused way before the "IMPENDING CONFUSION ALERT"

[@_ashyou]

5:20 Watch episode twice, you will understand everything Me*: Starts video from beginning

[@caitlynstanley5673]

I watched it twice. I still don't understand

[@Zandonus]

Cadaverine... wow. That's a good name for a death metal band.

[@lifeonlowbatteries8153]

I love that this channel is subtitled so well. Both because you babble unbelievably quickly (assuming in order to meet time constraints) and because it helps me to read things as I learn them.

[@infamous2477]

when you talk,chemistry makes sense. i wish you taught at my school.

[@amitsanjeev2135]

Same..... My teachers are nothing like this

[@Marinealver]

He said watch it again to understand it so I watched it again.

[@davidcheese1032]

***** the ultimate question do you understand it now?

[@Marinealver]

just the most rudimentary parts of it.

[@futureDK1]

Do crash course quantum physics/mechanics.

[@rileypurcell2159]

Hank was right if you watch it twice it makes a lot more sense

[@SeitanSaidDance1]

WHOA. So. An embarrassing number of years after I took organic chemistry, and even more years since I read Ender's Game, this video just made me realize where the Formics got their name. Thanks! But what's up with that animation at 7:00? It looks more like a pilot whale who got too close to the Faroe Islands :(

[@alexwang982]

B O I

[@AgastyaKalra]

Great Video, only there is a correction to be made because the difference between oxygen and hydrogen is 1.24. 3.44 - 2.20 = 1.24. But great help thank yoU!

[@quantusmechanicus5921]

I'm in 9th Grade and using these videos to review for the finals. Very effective. Just drop me out of school and I'll watch these videos and I'll learn everything.

[@justrandomotaku]

I was mind blown at the aldehyde part because I was never taught that it is alcohol-dehydrogenated!

[@kuyaleinad4195]

Yeah and the catalyst is Phosphoric acid! So if you mix Coca Cola (Which has Phosphoric Acid) and Vodka, you'd probably make a small amount of Ethanal since the Ethanol in Vodka can react with oxygen in the air :/

[@lazerbeam3000]

3.44-2.20=1.22 Well done guys. This is how you math.

[@g00gdobb3ers7]

3.44-2.20=1.24* ;)

[@lazerbeam3000]

Nah, they made that mistake in the video, im just making. Fun of them xP

[@g00gdobb3ers7]

+lazerbeam3000 ohhh ok that's my bad xD

[@Maria-wu6en]

+lazerbeam3000 It's how I math xD

[@lazerbeam3000]

Lol!

[@williamhawkings9439]

i like your videos, but sometimes i feel you talk too fast... =( maybe it's just me though

[@stasiekbex9861]

+Roberto Linguini many people ;) but that's why it's called crash course. and you can always slow the video down, subtitles also help:)

[@emilywohlers1468]

+Mofo Bex Oh my goodness, he sounds so drunk when you slow it down to ".5" Hhaah I'm crying.

[@williamhawkings9439]

You can slow it down?

[@williamhawkings9439]

Emily Olson you can slow it down?

[@stasiekbex9861]

Roberto Linguini you have to click on the settings icon (bottom right) and there you have, amongst other stuff, the speed of the video

[@Imperiumhibernum]

Who else discovered more watching this than they did all quarter in chem

[@schlondpoofa529]

i like it when he said amino acids which make up protein which make up you which is pretty important. i have never felt so important i love you hank

[@in2horses247]

I had to learn about these in organic chemistry :P useful, but not easy to do mechanisms for.

[@CrawfordAutomation]

when I was younger I was fascinated with how horribly toxic, poisonous or even radioactive atoms could be combined with other atoms of the same properties, such as cyanide then all of the sudden you get a vitamin or protein that is important for life.

[@IceMetalPunk]

I took a sophomore-level uni organic chemistry class. And I usually understand all of the Crash Courses. And yet...I still don't understand organic chemistry. My brain is just like, "too many names! Too much jargon!"

[@zacozacos1165]

You don't need to know all the names. Everything is about a system. This goes especially in organic compound names.

[@johnhickey1066]

Flubber! Robin Williams is everywhere and rightfully so.

[@reuelt.290]

a-(5.6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl) cobamidcyanide........MAN that's a mouthful!

[@maliktillman882]

Reuel Teesdale of dis dick

[@reuelt.290]

malik tillman -_-

[@Suijin-z9q]

Reuel Teesdale But it's only VITAMIN B12 :(

[@theothersideofjen]

in our organic chemistry class, there's another functional group called amide.

[@taylorbertrim7625]

Sorry sir. Personally I find you hard to follow, with to much tone change, and you are confusing just blurting it all out, as fast as possible.

[@juanjoseguva]

Hank's got a sodium hypochlorite shirt on!! I love Ichigo.

[@juanjoseguva]

Actually now I'm not so sure...

[@saelbennoa6226]

As I have studied chemistry for a while now, I am realizing some things this set of videos misses on... Any chance of an advanced chemistry crash course?

[@oktopussy9628]

👆best idea

[@buteffort5291]

I may or may not be partaking in a last minute cram session for my chem test tomorrow....

[@Officer.K.]

I take a chemistry course in school and yet I don’t go into these videos with a revision session mindset. Instead I like to watch these out of curiosity. A wise man once said “you never learn something as profoundly as when it’s purely from curiosity”.

[@jonwuerdeman6766]

around 6:30-6:40 I thought he was going to faint forgetting to breath

[@android19willpwn]

god, I am never gonna remember all this on my test tomorrow. Time to watch again.

[@Lashaundakj]

Awesome but please stop talking so fast😩😩

[@paigepaige4253]

Just put down the speed of the video

[@nicholashill9858]

Might be important to state that alcohols can be put in to three classifications: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary alcohols. This basically tells you how many radicals (Rs) are connected to the carbon that holds the important stuff (oxygen and hydrogen in this case), the functional group. When you dehydrogenate a Primary Alcohol you get an Aldehyde, which you then again can dehydrogenate to make a carboxylic acid. A secondary alcohol can be dehydrogenated into a Ketone, and a tertiary cannot be dehydrogenated at all. This might make it easier for some people to understand this topic, as it helps me. Also to clearly explain the primary and secondary bit: if there's only 1 radical (R) connected to the relevant carbon, it's a primary alcohol, if there are 2 radicals connected it's secondary and so on. it cannot exceed a tertiary alcohol though. Hope this helps someone! :)

[@charliemilarvie902]

can you not just say oxidised rather than dehydrogenating?

[@anacorrea1821]

Hank you're hilarious, I love functional groups too....watched it just for fun

[@danialm1940]

You should do one about Sassanian Persia and the Byzantine Romans!

[@andregrundy3680]

First video I'm watching. I'm a chemist and was thinking HOW did you make it 43 episodes without mentioning any compounds with elements besides carbon and hydrogen!?!

[@alexchen2519]

Note to AS students: You need to know this in greater detail-unfortunately T_T.

[@Wilc0]

having a BSc in chemistry, I could follow you without problems, but I can imagine others had to pause/rewind the video multiple times to understand it. Good of you to not explain things slowly, that is the magic of online videos! If you don't understand, just pause and rewind until you do!

[@serialced]

*informative

[@Abominatrix650]

Hello Crash Course. I love your videos but could you put up English subtitles please? This is subject is tricky at times and Hank can talk fast on some parts of the video. :)

[@anjalaabner8962]

that's weird .... i got subtitles

[@Abominatrix650]

No it's not. My comment was 1 year ago, yours was (as of this comment) 3 days ago. They must have taken my suggestion on board and put subtitles on after I watched it and before you watched it. They did it! Finally!

[@danielnene80]

The video has CC available.

[@hostilepancakes]

danielnene80 Crash Course Closed Captioning... Sounds like CCCC or C^4 if you ask me.

[@MrGERiarza]

Thanks for your videos :D

[@hamzadellam]

I had to stop that before I mess what I have learned xD

[@photosinensis]

1:18 Hey! It's trinitrotoluene! It's responsible for Nobel Prizes. All of them.

[@photosinensis]

Oops. No, dynamite and TNT are different things. I am not fully awake.

[@moontiger6393]

lol dude just say tnt

[@ToySoldierAlan]

OH GOD the whale graphic. I just stared at my computer screen for a solid minute with my mouth hanging open. OH GOD.

[@plantymcplantface7182]

Why? lmao

[@ericbishop7095]

As a die hard Nitrogen fan I'm disappointed in the lack of Nitrogen in this video. I hope we get more in the organic chemistry series

[@ljagnes]

playback speed = .75x

[@aditimishra3098]

4 chapters in 8:37 minutes 😂 😂 irony or what

[@saiyedhn]

3:19 How does Xenon have 2.6 electronegativity it is a noble gas

[@ambergolchin4233]

Now that you ask, I would also like to know. No one has answered yet. 🤔

[@itswarhawk]

2:30 Minecraft tnt block

[@saiyedhn]

You can see the video at 0.75x playback speed as it will help you understand better

[@musaddiqofficial7655]

How the hell do you learn all that?

[@RukartBert]

Bless you, No seriously, BLESS YOU! Long live crash course!

[@TechLaboratories]

It's nice that all the names of the functional groups are related. Nice, that is, once you UNDERSTAND the groups. On the other hand, it adds to the difficulty in learning their names, one of the biggest reasons many people struggle with organic chemistry, since they are so close that they are really, really easy to muddle in the brain, i.e. it takes a ton of brain work and repetition to keep those memory pathways separate instead of blurring into on big mush of carboalcoacetonahyde...

[@arachnodev]

OMG I'm falling in love with organic chemistry:)

[@nessaashdivas]

Hank, you made my heart smile when you said you were a dork. You are the cutest

[@henriklarsen8193]

Pronoun grammar madness alert: You essentially said that it is safe to use blood as nail polish remover. Yes, I am totally nerding out at the moment.

[@charliemilarvie902]

wow nice! you are picking him up for his grammar congratulations you are a genius

[@henriklarsen8193]

I dont pick up strange men for anything, but I did think it was sorta funny, yes.

[@charliemilarvie902]

well you must have amazing banter

[@henriklarsen8193]

Charlie Milarvie I crack people up so much I need to carry a First Aid kit at all times.

[@bintzubair]

haha i noticed that as well! i crack people up too .

[@amelie3012]

Cadaverine: in french, cadavre=corpse. So yes, it helps to remember where it's from but no, it's not a pretty name 😅😂

[@TheElectrozoid]

Cadaver in English also means corpse.

[@arandomzoomer4837]

this is way less confusing than the calculus. (12 year old alert)

[@lulufaisal7691]

Loveddddd ittttttt 😍❤️ I really understood what's a functional group is thanxxxx❤️❤️❤️

[@salomeebegue9144]

Thank you so much once again to all the team for these videos, you make my chemistry classes fun and fascinating :)

[@nicole-su8dl]

YESYESYES i have an exam tomorrow and this was literally the only thing i didnt understand.. love crashcourse!!

[@sakariatulyaamenindevahoma3145]

this guy is good!!!!!!!!!!!!! thumbs up man...... am definitely a fan, 1st year UNAM, this is my only backup.......

[@youssefmosleh9547]

Oh and you're explanation is really good keep going mate 😅

[@levelfivegymnast]

actually a life saver thank you!

[@ChrisSwaningAround]

This video (and channel) saved my arse today. Now I never have to study chemistry again! (although i might still anyway...)

[@peas320]

There's also Amides. If you throw an Amine group onto the end of a carbonyl group (to replace the second R group) you get an Amide! :)

[@0olong]

Great stuff, as ever. Speaking of naming these compounds, you have a mistake in your on-screen bits near the end - it should be cadaverine, not cadaverene (after all, it's an amine, not an alkene).

[@FROPDESAI]

Anime? Like Dragon Ball z?

[@thegamingwhovian8247]

Amine. With the i before the n. It's an organic compound containing an -NH2 group

[@aeiomusic]

God fricken dammit Hank. I don't need to hear your flippin' wordplay as I'm trying to understand WTF these words mean >:( 6:02

[@SoulfulEmbodimentStudio]

so helpful! thanks a lot :-)

[@serialced]

The summary at the end was actually pretty informing, why the loud sleepy music as if it were too nerdy for anyone to properly listen to, so you just went and made it harder to actually do so? Seems kind of counterproductive if education is the goal?

[@MyManThong]

Organic Chemistry Crash Course..?

[@arielthomas8737]

I understood that blood was safe to use as nail polish remover

[@kevinr9525]

This seems to be the first topic in which you haven't gone way past what I've done in school!.....yet...

[@dine.a6703]

bro... you need to talk way slower hahahaha

[@sean..L]

“Carbon-eel” lol

[@oliviaduan4382]

aldehyde = alcohol dehydrogenated mindblown

[@sherif1875]

5:20 "I swear if you watch this episode twice, you will understand" Watched twice, can confirm

[@SanaMF]

Please do the lymphatic system !

[@allhailshadow1984]

wait... what?

[@willembreukelaar5550]

isn't that in biology?

[@SanaMF]

Willem Breukelaar Lol , It is !

[@whangie1]

Whats that got to do with this?

[@SanaMF]

Ian Cameron he will read the comment whether its here or on a biology video .

[@symbolxchannel]

*R for Radical*… en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

[@symbolxchannel]

***** More like 2π rad… :-p

[@symbolxchannel]

Totally Rad… :-p

[@95BWG]

***** But it also complicates many formulas!

[@ojtechml]

SymbolX We've gone full circle.

[@samitashelar2781]

how many here R JEE ASPIRANTS??

[@salientsoul]

wait wait, where are the amides

[@xboxboy93941]

IPVentertainment I was wondering where those were too. For those of you wondering what we're talking about, it's a ketone with the carbonyl carbon flanked by an amine.

[@KlcTony]

+Tricell CEO It's not a ketone,it's derivate of carboxylic acid;it's nomenclature and chemical properties are much more similiar to the carboxilic acid than to ketones.

[@xboxboy93941]

I was using the word ketone to describe it. What I found interesting in Organic Chemistry is that every functional group can be described by another group, which is what I was doing. Yes, it is technically a carboxylic acid derivative, but structurally it is a ketone flanked by an amine, similarly how an alcohol is a water molecule with a hydrogen subbed for an organic group. Although now that I think about it, carbonyl might've been the better choice for word usage as the carbonyl could be flanked by a hydrogen and anime and still be an amide.

[@KlcTony]

Tricell CEO I assumed that you were only using the word ketone to describe it,but nevertheless,I had to comment so that no one would think that amides are merely a subtype of ketones. Carbonyl would have been a better word. Indeed,one can describe a functional group using another functional group,but in such instances,i think it would be better if one would say:"it looks like -insert functional group- with -add another functional group-" then "it's -insert funcitonal group- with -add another functional group-" P.S. Sorry for being anal about all this,I'm a chemistry student (I think American would say Bachelor and masters degree (?)) and I have an exam one week from now.Also,I just had to be sure that you were using the word "ketone" as a description rather than definition.

[@100shreyash]

amude contain nitrogen not alkane

[@seanki98]

What is the difference between a carbonyl (4:03) and a ketone (5:10)?

[@nicsteyn920]

Sean Thrasher A carbonyl is just a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom. A ketone is the organic molecule formed when a carbonyl functional group is in the middle of the carbon chain. The carbonyl functional group is found in many different organic molecules, for example: ketones (in the middle), aldehydes (on the end), carboxylic acid (on the end beside an -OH) etc.

[@josedolfstaller6491]

Teaching unclear. Ended up creating self-combusting coal that emits gaseous hydrochloric acid.

[@koenthepadawan2244]

R = rest (fragment that we’re not concerned with. Functional group: where the business is getting done. Oxygen = delta minus. Hydrogen: delta plus.

[@RexGalilae]

It's been years and I'm still waiting for a crash course series on organic chemistry

[@ShanMMQ]

3.44-2.20=1.24, not 1.22. xD