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Need help preparing for the MCAT physics section? MedSchoolCoach expert, Ken Tao, will teach you what you need to know about Pascal's Law within Hydrostatics. Watch this video to learn how to do well on the physics section of the MCAT exam!
Pascal's law says that the pressure at a point within a fluid acts in all directions. As a consequence of this, if there is a change in pressure at any point within a fluid, that pressure change is equally transmitted throughout the entire fluid.
Consider a hydraulic press, which is a fluid filled container with two ends, one of which has a larger area (A1) and one of which has a smaller area (A2). If you press down on one end (A1) with a pressure P, it distributes the same pressure across the other end of the container. The equation for pressure is force over area, so whatever force is transmitted to the smaller end must be smaller than the force transmitted to the larger end. If we had a heavy object, we could set it on top of the smaller end, press down on the larger end, and generate a proportionally large upward force at the small end.
As with simple machines, even though the hydraulic press will amplify the input force that we provide to a system, it will not change the amount of work performed on an object when moving it. Since work is equal to force times displacement, the distance we push the smaller end (d1) must be larger than the distance traveled by the larger end (d2). For instance, if the output force was 4 times larger than the input force, the distance traveled by fluid at the larger end would be ¼ the distance traveled by fluid at the smaller end.
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