I Turned MIT Award Winning Toroidal Propeller Into A PC Fan | Fan Showdown S5 Special

[@RealEngineering]

The fan blade has more blades, which also cuts down noise compared to a 2 blade prop. It sounds like you get a decent amount of vibration noise too, which is either because your toroidal isn't weight balanced, or you could have some structural issues. Could figure that out pretty easy in Ansys.

[@ThunderBlastvideo]

ayyy sup

[@liamchristo5314]

Yes, definetly some vibration sounds occuring due to inbalance

[@humanoidjones8130]

Could some of it also be due to the fact that these are ducted? I was under the impression that ducted fans were more efficient mostly due to the reduction of those tip vortices

[@user-ep1sw6od3u]

let the man cook

[@tristinx270]

Came to the comments to say this, noticed real engineering already chimed in. 👌 Also noticed he acknowledges the same things at the end of the video.

[@davidblalock9945]

Yes a Sharrow Prop is worth it, if you're on the water professionally, or you're a very avid fisherman. You will save enough in fuel in one year to pay for the prop twice over.

[@MiddleofKnowhere]

wow. that's a hell of an efficient prop then. I was wondering if the prop helped reduce fuel consumption as well.

[@Koronosavilon]

So buying a 5k prop will save you 10k in fuel if you go out on the boat enough times in one year? That is quite good, and if everyone did the same I wonder how fuel prices and supply would be effected?

[@NoobNoobNews]

@@Koronosavilon unfortunately it will not be affected. Boats make up a minority of fuel consumption... now, if we are talking cargo ships, we could perhaps improve cargo ship fuel economy. That would mean lower cost of imports.

[@PippetWhippet]

@@NoobNoobNews Surely cargo ships already run the most fuel efficient props known to humanity, the engineering into making those things run cheaper is incredible!

[@LeeMooEez]

@@NoobNoobNews I hope that you x thought that those cargo ship propeller is just as simple cheap propeller 😂…it’s more complex and far more advance with multifeatures

[@laughingone3728]

One very big difference is the fans you are testing are ducted. In this case the "duct" is the body of the fan. When Noctua designed their fan they designed it to work optimally within that body. The Noctua fan also has many more blades, with much less open space between them. Therefore it can push against higher static pressure at lower RPM than a typical propeller can. Remember, the noise of the high speed propellers on a drone mostly comes from the tips of the propellers. Such propellers normally have relatively few blades, so the toroidal propeller is a closer match to that. Further, the toroidal propeller is intended for use outside of a duct, where the airflow around and through the propeller behaves differently from how it behaves inside of a duct. In the end, while this test was interesting, it was more like comparing apples and oranges. If you want a more accurate comparison, consider making a fan with blades just like the Noctua, but with only 3 of them. Then test that against the toroidal propeller inside and outside of the duct.

[@AlexKarasev]

I'm blown away nobody else saw this. The toroidal design is basically half-way between an open and a ducted fan. You're spinning 3 short ducts. So putting the three inside a larger duct is not only redundant, I suspect it detracts from the efficiency.

[@laughingone3728]

@@AlexKarasev You might be right about that. That's why I suggested testing both inside and outside of a duct. The differences could be very interesting.

[@edvoon]

Exactly the point I just made with my post before reading this, LOL

[@akshaygode4993]

LOL was about to type about the ducted configuration causes performance difference and the build purposes, glad I looked at the comment section before I went brrrrrrr.

[@ruslbicycle6006]

Yep. I came to this video because of having looked at some vids about toroidal props. I like this guys style, he seems very straightforward and good testing. And super talented making it from a picture. But all that is sort of moot because the point of a toroid is to create something like what a duct does. The duct is already breaking up that turbulence at the end point of the blade. As Laughing one points out the comparison to do would be a ductless version. But in that case it's no longer a computer fan.

[@glMILAN9800]

Honestly I think the fact that you were able to match the noise level of one of the best fans in the industry with just a new shape and nothing of the polish work that a company like noctua puts in their product to make sure they are that quiet, I find very impressive!

[@arthurcutter8168]

With refinement this design could well double the operating speed and cfm of fans while keeping the noise at a more acceptable level.

[@lsymfr5795]

Yep can't wait for a company to implement this design

[@halcyonacoustic7366]

Matching the noise level with lower hydrostatic pressure and airflow is a phyrric victory though... because to match the air flow you would need to double the speed, meaning a huge increase in volume. You could match the volume with any blades if you turn down the rpm enough. It's definitely a cool result and first step, though.

[@DashzRight]

5dB of difference is quite a lot, and not “matched noise levels” lol

[@Ale-nv2bo]

@@DashzRight Yes, but keep in mind this is a first attempt home made fan vs the result of hundreads of tested desingns. Now it would be insteresting to see noctua pick this design up to see a real comparison.

[@dkkoala1]

Have you ever tried printing the A12X25 yourself, to truly see if the differences you are measuring are due to the design, or if the print quality also plays into it? I see a lot of ripples in the surface of the prints, which to me seems like it might contribute to turbulence and noise levels. Though i don't know much about aerodynamics so might also be way off.

[@rollastudent]

Yes, two years ago. kzbin.info/www/bejne/rKTUmmmJhZWBnqc

[@JonLake]

This 🔝

[@silentferret1049]

He did a pretty long time ago I think.

[@davidcheek8892]

There's an episode where he did that.

[@travishumphery]

As David Cheek already stated, he's done this before (I've already replied to another comment in another video actually) - he did it before the fan showdown became a thing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rKTUmmmJhZWBnqc

[@asub3292]

A major difference is that MIT seems to be focusing on wing tip vortices, but your "tip" boundary is different. Instead of being in free air, its in a static ring. So the torodial was optimized for a different set of conditions.

[@crazydougthewolf]

Came here to say this ^ , thank you.

[@google_was_my_idea_first]

This is the key part. Inside the fan shroud this is really only a 3 blade fan with cool toroidal shape blades.

[@miagi1337]

And possibly for a very different RPM-Range at comparable diameter.

[@enriquebarragan212]

@@miagi1337 everything here is what is stated on the video, did any of you guys watch it in full before commenting? xdxd

[@mathieuleblanc9750]

exactly, probably lots of shear from the outside edge of the toroidal to the wall, probably over double on the exterior since its roughly a 2-sided surface ring rotating on 1 surface of a ring.

[@Patrick.Weightman]

1:23 That amount of immediate reverse power is ungodly impressive

[@Jossandoval]

I get the feeling that if I hang around this channel for a while I will turn into a fan. One way or another.

[@PeterLawton]

I see whatcha did there. Nice. Don't be a quiet fan, though. ;-)

[@joezen1693]

Nailed it, its out of the park.. Def fan

[@Tricklarock]

Well, I'm a HUGE fan after watching this, and it's my first time!!!

[@DashMatin]

fr

[@Dodgemod]

me with a fan:

[@victorsteerup4582]

The toroidal is designed for open air, not a duct. Also, Sharrow used to machine their props out of one huge block of stainless steel, about the size of a 5-gallon bucket. They are now working with cast stainless, to get the cost down.

[@pepperypeppers2755]

Yeah lol I imagine that would make a difference

[@andyparker8631]

Opportunity for 3d metal printing then

[@LifeInJambles]

I mean you could use a converging and diverging duct setup to minimize the static pressure the fan has to deal with, but that'd going to some great lengths just to use a fan not designed for the application. I have thought of doing a small version using 3 120 fans on a 3x140 radiator but again that's going to kind of a silly length for probably minimal gain at best.

[@flowgangsemaudamartoz7062]

@@andyparker8631 Pretty sure that casting is wayyyy faster.

[@Xeil]

@@andyparker8631 Cast and cleaning is much cheaper/faster for production and they'll be able to drop that machine time down significantly while retaining a lot of quality of the billet part at a fraction of the cost. 3D printing has it's place but is still way out there when it comes to mass production.

[@Fr3ddyM3hrCurry]

I think that the Toroidal Prop isnt Quieter than the Noctua also has to do with the fact that in the PC fan mount the Fan is encased with the tips right up to the mount of the fan. That probably combats those tip vorteces wich are much more prevalent in a free Propeler like on a boat or a drone

[@haydenc2742]

Yeah, acts more like a ducted fan rather than an open air prop

[@stefan0ro]

it would be interesting to make it spin at 10k rpm.

[@coltonkarges2656]

I was about to leave this exact comment, also why modern jet airliners are much quieter than older prop aircraft!!

[@cerebralm]

I was thinking this as well. Also the toroidal fan isn't designed with the housing "legs" in mind so the blade-pass-frequency could be quite bad.

[@joshdeeney8456]

I'd also say the MIT fan is probably also squishing air against the sides of the , shroud?

[@askquestionstrythings]

The fan "shroud" functions to break tip vortices like the Toroidal Propeller, so it makes some sense that the Toroidal Propeller doesn't make additional improvements in a shroud. Toroidal Propeller is really a design that improves shroudless fan/propellers. As others have mentioned, more blades for the A12x25 is also likely to be better over the 3 blade design in the case of a shrouded fan for both air movement and noise.

[@mattd6931]

Yeah, if the shroud was removed, and the blade angles were optimised, the Toroidal propeller (while possibly still not beating the Noctua) would still be a decent, high performing and quiet option. I wonder how it'd go on a graphics card (or CPU) air cooler, where the fan wasn't covered by a shroud vs a dedicated aircooler with the standard fan style.

[@zukae]

Yeah toroidal fan has no advantage inside a duct.

[@NondescriptUsernameUnlocalizab]

As others have pointed out, the vortices concept is reduced in significance when the fan is ducted and not open like a drone propeller. The blade area ratio between the two tested is also massively different, you'd see better airflow from the toroidal if the BAR were higher. Overall it's actually really promising, especially given it shifts the sound profile to lower frequencies, which are far less annoying.

[@slavefeet57]

The F-35 comes to mind here. It's apparently 20% louder than any of our other aircraft. It has a much deeper sound to it though, especially compared to the Harrier which it replaced. The harrier still sounds way louder and far more annoying to be around lol.

[@eternalsunshine1651]

If you read their paper, the intent of this was to avoid adding the shroud around the blade tips (ie case-fan)... you might find that their design pushes more air than the noctua fan, if you remove the case-fan frame from both. :D

[@VeritasEtAequitas]

Not through a radiator or filter

[@error.418]

@@VeritasEtAequitas as in static pressure vs airflow?

[@cityofclay6884]

That's what I thought. Maybe a ducted fan already limits blade tip vortices.

[@EdwardChan.999]

Good argument, but is a caseless fan still a PC fan at that point?

[@error.418]

@@EdwardChan.999 I think that's the point, that PC fans aren't the best application for toroidal propellers, nor were they designed to be. Every prop has an application.

[@oadka]

I think it is really tough to evaluate the MIT design unless they release models. Aerofoils and aero structures are impossible to eyeball and small changes can make significant differences.

[@munchkingod6]

^this^ The math behind fluid flow mechanics is fiendishly complex, and TINY adjustments have massive downstream impacts on efficiency and performance. I’d be curious to see a design that was fully optimized for the task and see how it performs.

[@Berelore]

@@munchkingod6 Yea, or at the very least smooth out the surface that's still jagged from the printing method...

[@hornylink]

yeah this is what I was thinking the entire time, the only thing this test showed was whether or not the design was viable for a fan at all not whether it can actually compete with standard bladed fans in PC cooling. a quieter drone propeller is useless if it can't keep the drone flying. granted that is the final conclusion he came to as well, so it'll be interesting to see a similar design with more stages of optimization and QC

[@sakuyarules]

@@munchkingod6 To be fair, he did mention that the results from MIT were based around much higher RPM.

[@v.gedace1519]

That´s why I am witing ro a A.I. / chatGPT model / design!

[@Cabooseified]

Dude congrats on the 2.9 million views!!! I've been following you for years and am glad to see you get a good view count! You deserve it man!

[@AuraMaster7]

You should sand the toroidal fan smooth and re-do these tests. The roughness of the print layers likely contributes a bit to airflow turbulence and a louder sound

[@Stant123]

I read an article about the MIT thing over the weekend and immediately thought, "Man, it'd be cool if someone made it a fan for this show." Day and a half later, you delivered.

[@TheOriginalFaxon]

It might have been because he mad a community post here? I saw a post on reddit about it in a sub frequented by the kind of folks who watch his channel, someone else probably saw the post and posted about the tech on reddit xD

[@jasongaunt]

Same! Immediately thought of MH when I saw that :D

[@haifutter4166]

But why? It's fun, but as he said a PC fan never spins that fast. And most importantly, the PC fan is shrouded, while a drone propeller is not.

[@jmadera_6]

Before I even read the article that I saw, I skimmed and saw pictures of boat props and my head immediately went to fan showdown lol then I read it and watched a clip of both a boat and a drone using variations of it... Pretty cool stuff. I always wished I could fly a drone near someone without them hearing

[@GrumpiestKitten]

The noiseblocker eloop did this years ago. They also quoted the reduction of tip vortices as the main advantage. Loop rotors where initially patented by Dr. Rudolf Bannasch in 1999, see EP1196696B1 or WO2001002742A2 (Rotor with a split rotor blade). The patent recently expired so I'm not surprised that a lot of people are "inventing" this now.

[@MDILeon]

Ahahahah MIT inventing old german technology as per usuall XD Good one for spotting that out

[@invader_jim2837]

Underrated comment.

[@whenmunkysfly]

Idk about other videos but the one I watched they did say that’s what inspired the build and designing of these blades so he never claimed to have invented the idea just did testing to improve it.

[@estarling8766]

I love the way you did your research. Fully scientific, with real tests, collected data and conclusions. Nice sharp video, good sound and efficiently long to keep our attention focussed.

[@MikkoRantalainen]

If I've understood correctly, you can simulate the turbulence of air by making the same experiment in water with slower speeds. As a result, it should follow that whatever design works in water (e.g. commerical toroidal propeller for boats) should work well in air as long as you drive it faster. If the commerical boat propeller is designed to run around 2000-4000 rpm, you might need to spin the similar design around 20000-40000 rpm in air for optimal performance. And running anything with such rpm will require near perfect balancing and strong materials.

[@londonalicante]

Reynolds number (ratio of intertial to viscous force) is length x velocity x density / viscosity. You won't get that to be the same. Specific speed (rotational velocity x flow**0.5 / (g x head height)**0.75) might be the same.

[@_ch1pset]

What I find fascinating is the suboptimal build quality and speed of design was able to nearly match the noise performance of the noctua fan, which is about as good as it gets. This might actually have potential with more R&D **Edit** Yall, I'm not a fluid dynamics expert. Idk why this comment keeps getting replies. It's an interesting topic for sure, but Idk wtf I'm talking about.

[@TheWinjin]

I was thinking the same thing. You just eyeball it, slap it in, without as much as treating it, much less, like, sanding it glossy, turn it on, and get a result with less high frequencies and almost the same level of noise. While Noctua are like the cutting edge engineers in the field. These blades probably went through hundreds of hours on the design boards and dozen of physical edits.

[@shrikedecil]

Some 600-grit sandpaper, maybe a coat of something just to stick in crevices, and a whirl at 'wheel-balancing', for instance.

[@AlexKarasev]

No it wasn't close. Noise should be compared at same airflow and/or pressure - not RPM. Otherwise I can make a disk "fan" that's just a flat spinning round piece of plastic, and it'll be practically silent on its own but move ZERO air.

[@betterhavecash]

@@AlexKarasev great point

[@skurdibbles7913]

if the fans could go up about 1k rpms youd notice the benefits of the toroidal prop. it would out preform the standard fan.

[@vibingwithvinyl]

I think that the frame of the A12x25 helps the standard fan a lot. Spinning in free air, it probably wouldn't do nearly as well.

[@Garbox80]

On the noise aspect, definitely. Was thinking this too, Noctua isn't comparable to a drone propeller if it's in it's frame. Well, not otherwise either (blade count and shape to start with), buy anyway; the frame will help with those tip vortexes.

[@sepg5084]

@@Garbox80 ducted fans for drones and ducted propellers for boats exist too, so i wonder if the toroidal prop design has advantages against those beyond weighing lighter.

[@userblame632]

@@sepg5084 I mean I feel like weighing lighter is the name of the game lol.

[@killacarks]

Back couple years back when I was in jail, the noise on the drone would a;ways give away that a parcel was being dropped, the man dem gonna love this one.

[@chepulis]

What i like about this fan is that it looks so much easier to clean.

[@bluej511]

I'd love to see this on a drone with a sound test, see if it even works lol.

[@gEtar87]

Yes yes drone test this!

[@mrfrenzy.]

The point is to reduce high frequencies that travel far. To test this the sound meter should be 10+ meters away from the fans in a stadium or other very large room.

[@marcinkowalczyk647]

do it!

[@SwiftDuckFPV]

You will see these types of propellers come out for purchase from high quality manufacturers in the next couple months.

[@TatsuZZmage]

and a set of a12x25 blades on the drone for the sound comparison lol

[@henriqueccruz]

The rough surface on the 3D printed blades (against the much smoother one on the commercial fan) are a factor that impacts negatively on the dB levels. Maybe you could sand and polish it before measuring again. It WILL make a difference. I think it impacts on the airflow as well but not so sure.

[@matfax]

2000 rpm might also be too low. Smaller fans use higher RPMs. Maybe try with a 40mm high flow fan? Because from my experience, small fans can be very noisy in the higher frequencies.

agree, I'd suggest printing the propeller on a resin/SLA printer instead

[@Thanoric]

but even if it dropped the noise levels by 10%, it would put it right in line with the other fan. While it is cool to think that it is as quiet as a noctua which are notoriously quiet for pc air cooling, 2k rpm just isn't fast enough to see a huge change in db.

[@internetcancer1672]

I think a better option, would just be to print a design similar to what's found on the noctua. So they both have the same disadvantages.

[@matfax]

@@internetcancer1672 Good idea

[@Brandon.Nichols]

Great video, thanks for your efforts! Mechanical engineer here, agree with the 'need more blades' consensus. Suggest printing a wafer-thin snap-on ring for the A12X25 to essentially tie all the blade tips together -- that *theoretically* should reduce noise with *presumably* minimal impact on performance -- but need to functionally verify. Also *much* faster to design and print a simple ring than a complete fan blade. Downside being that it might be tricky to balance, and it doesn't look like there's much clearance between the blade tips and the fan housing. You got a new subscriber!

[@darylfortney8081]

Here's the thing... a ducted fan (which all PC fans are) doesn't need fancy tip treatment or toroidal shape to prevent tip vortices. That's what the duct is for. A toroid inside a duct will actually be necessarily less efficient than a regular blade fan.

[@RotGoblin]

The longer this Fan SHowdown goes on, the more convinced I am that Noctua really do know their sh*t.

[@gittyupalice96]

anyone who sells a brown fan, clearly has their s#&t together.

[@JustKanji]

I am a Noctua fan, and I can tell ya we ain't full of hot air! but quite the opposite we push cool air at components quietly and efficiently.

[@witchbang]

@@JustKanji haha noctua fan

[@monomono9627]

@@JustKanji punny

[@nicolausteslaus]

@@JustKanji Im black and homosexual transgender muslim. It's very important.

[@AriKolbeinsson]

This is a ducted fan (the fans are in a duct, natch) which probably affects the tip vortices quite a bit. Compare them in open flow (without the duct) instead, as well as at higher speeds as you suggest.

[@zynthio]

The fact that it got relatively close to even being compared to a Noctua fan as just a first prototype, which was actually designed for that purpose and has had several years of rnd behind it, says alot. With some development, more testing, more refinement, and proper optimization I think that it could be leagues better

[@GoodkatNW]

These props ARE as good as they say. BoatTest did a pretty thorough side-by-side (same exact engines, same boat, different prop), and it ended up being both more efficient (GPH) and higher speed at the same RPM. They're also more resistant to damage, because the leading edge isn't as exposed to logs and other debris, and the circular design has a tendency to bounce off debris as opposed to sinking into it.

[@klaymoon1]

Great video! I think one of the factor may be the number of blades. Noctua has 10 blades but Toroidal has 6 blades equivalent both spinning around the same RPM. If you can get 10 blades for Toroidal spinning as the same RP, then it will be more interesting. Additoinally, I think one design advantage of Toroidal vs the traditional drone fan is the shroud or the lack of it. Because Toroidal creates a virtual shroud around the blades by the design. But, Noctua already has a shroud. The decrease in noise will be more prevalent when there is no shroud. A well designed shroud decrease the noise for the same air flow.

[@dhajicek]

Also, with this Toroidal design, the self shroud of the propeller is interfering with the shroud of the assembly, causing noise and power losses.

[@kennyfrew9994]

You can hear the toroid rattling in the shroud also wich surely accounts for some of that volume

[@kellrik66]

I noticed the number of blades also. One more thing to check is how much power is being used, check both with that toroid and one with more blades, with an AC current they will tend to spin at about the same speed.

[@lunatik9696]

I would suspect total surface area towards the air would be the dominant factor. The least Cd w/ the greatest surface area would win.

[@herrkulor3771]

I sent you a Möbius strip fan with three turns or something quite some time ago. Would have been cool to see if it worked. The designer name was Archer. Hope I am not annoying with all the fans I sent. Have not done many lately.

[@ARVash]

Maybe you can do a demo of it and see if it would compete.

[@di_spencer7372]

Might not have a printer

[@von...]

@@di_spencer7372 I have not been to a public library in the last 2 years that doesnt have one now, but then again I have only gone to 3 different ones & they were all within 1 hour of either Milwaukee or Chicago aka not extremely rural (one was legit in a small farming town though).

[@di_spencer7372]

@@von... lmao this city to poor to let us have nice shit

[@Hoggaforfan]

I read a comment a user wrote that had worked on those propellers, they borrowed one to a fisherman for some time to test out, when the test was over the fisherman refused to give the prop back

[@knappador]

In a computer case, since the path around the fan is usually quite long (from one side of the case panel to the other), the pressure gradient at the edge can't easily get around the shroud to dissipate energy in the form of a really long tip vortex. However, there is still the abrupt pressure gradient at the tip, where the flow turns very 3D, and a toroidal could soften this, but fans that need to overcome static pressure gradients inherently need all flow to be sufficiently energized by the fan to avoid local flow reversal at the shroud. Fans with lots of blades are good at evenly applying energy to the flow so that very little of it will reverse away from the increasing pressure gradient.

[@floundericiouswa5694]

This is pretty badass as a first stab. As RE said in his comment, with additional engineering effort to tune the airfoil shape, improve fit/balance, and some configuration studies (what if you overlapped four or five toroidal rings?) you'd probably see it close the gap significantly

[@sale-jy8gw]

That's my first thought as well. Increase the fan depth to allow for over lapping rings at higher density.

[@Minnieal28]

Essentially, the “peak” shape just becomes sharper but there is significant loss of air pressure due to the “openness” of the shape itself. High pressure usually = loud.

[@ghomerhust]

using that idea, increase the blade count by making each shape more oval instead of more circular. sort of like daisy petals instead of round ones. that way there's more blades actually doing the pushing. because in this layout, there arent any FULL blades, just 3 sorta full ones and 3 less than that.

[@miken7629]

The pumps of Saturn 5 rocket engines were standard speed boat propeller blades which are designed to move liquid. It would be interesting to build a pump using toroidal propellers and see if high(er) pressure could be achieved. All conventional liquid fuel rocket engines are based on pressure thrust so more head pressure could produce more powerful engines.

[@mundymorningreport3137]

The bladeless fan design trick of having the fan only blow in a central core with additional air surrounding the core to supply more volume ( up to 10x more air). Might also quiet the noise more, or you could increase the surrounding duct to block any blade generated vibrations. (And provide vents to pass more air in.)

[@mundymorningreport3137]

Wait for it. With the toroidal design, incorporate slots. So, you might want to increase the depth of the blade to lower the pitch. Yes you will be making a whistle, but the air volume will be amazing with slots at the outer circumference.

[@connerwells6612]

Hey there, the transition on the toroidal fan front blade to blade was quite aggressive. Smoothing that out would help with the tests quite a lot. Another thing to take into consideration is the weight, flexibility, and quality of the 3d print. A thicker print with groves from layer lines will most definitely cause some performance issues.

[@MrShadowmaster00]

@MajorHardware Also, the 45° Angle of Attack is WAY too aggressive! It should be around 15° at the root and slowly decreasing towards the tip. Angling the propeller so much will cause it to stall, which will drastically reduce performance and increase drag (due to the massive amount of turbulence generated)

[@matthewday7565]

Definitely needed to be doubled up, the back pressure is going to punish anything that is very open

[@smittery]

I agree. An additional lever to pull: adding depth like the Sharrow water props would also increase the surface area and probably help channel the air and keep it moving towards the output.

[@gamebuster800]

For an eye-balled 3D printed fan not designed to be a computer fan, it is doing really well.

[@kshitijkadiya7804]

Here's something tp think about: The noise as you say mostly is a result of tip vortices. Notice how in high performance cars, they always have plates at the end of their wings? They help dissipate vortices faster and in some cases, reduce their generation altogether. Now, in pc fans, the fan casing essentially acts like those end plates, hence tip vortices don't have that big an impact on noise and performance anymore

[@zenith54]

I would love to see you scale this down to a 40mm fan and see how the noise levels compare at high rpms. I think you are probably right about the speed being a big factor in the apparent performance differences here.

[@davestorm6718]

I have a few 1U servers with a bunch of 40mm high speed fans, and, let me tell you, they're loud as F (especially during reboot or CPU intensive operations)

[@MegaCyklops]

@@davestorm6718 22000 RPM goes BRRRRRRRRRRR *crackling headphone noices* RRRRRRRR

[@skuzzyj]

I was thinking he needed to reprint this for a high speed delta fan and retest it

[@jamegumb7298]

@@davestorm6718 I had a system in 1U, watercooled, and use radial fans in it. Now I got another one, and need to get some more big radial ones. Got a new gamign system in 2U and it is a lot quieter, I think if I had an easy way to mount the gpu and not needing a Protocase custom order or heavily modded case, I';d have done it in 1U again. You can help the noise if you really want to.

[@richardyao9012]

The MIT design you copied only had 3 blades. The toroidal version likely performs better than a conventional 3 blade fan. In order to perform as well as the Noctua design, you would need to make a toroidal shape with an equivalent number of blades.

[@unrelativistic]

You are running them both in a ducted configuration. The duct on the standard fan is going to provide a lot of the same benefit for reduction of tip vortices as the toroidal fan, and is probably quite a bit more efficient (especially since you have more blades).

[@MarkWarren-com]

The duct around the fan/propeller already does a fantastic job of eliminating tip vortices (that's one of the reasons computer fans use them!). In a ground mounted situation, weight isn't nearly as big of a concern as it is in a flying machine. The proper comparison, as mentioned in passing during the video, has to be done in an unshrouded/unducted situation. The toroidal propeller offers a tip vortex solution that doesn't require a shroud/duct.

[@kyriakos098]

Worth noting that these props when scaled EVERYTHING changes. There's 3 semi-chaotic phenomena happening with props that if scaled, their effect on the result changes by different amounts for each phenomenon. Also the shape plays a HUGE role so 1 degree on the attack angle for example could make something 100% better or 100% worse. Prop design is hard and especially this one. Considering then that it even came close the the noctua's fan shows how much improvement there is to be made (unless of course you hit the perfect design which is less likely than hitting the lottery but not impossible haha)

[@peter2uat]

and the profile of the wings does as well change effect. I think that the lower frequencies might have come from vibrations due to unequal material thickness and/or excentricity

[@VishwasNavadaTech]

Amazing experiment as always. Try to print one more fan using SLA so that you won't have grooves generated by layers of 3d printing. And measure the difference. Also, there can be slight variation in weight distribution causing nonuniform in moment of inertia, resulting in vibration. SLA method reduces this too.

[@autiebleSam]

I can definitely see more blades improving the airflow and static pressure. The angle of the blades could also be better optimized. One piece of the Noctua's design is the ridges on the blades that are supposed to help reduce the noise they make, so I wonder if the same kind of ridges could be added to the toroidal blades. The fact that this quick unoptimized design appears to compete so well at all with the top-dog Noctua A12x25 I think it pretty promising.

[@HidForHG]

Exactly. I would love to see like overall stats from the various ones tested. So you could theoretically then combine the advantages of the various optimal fans. Though the official one seems to be highly optimized already, while all the others are barely test of concept stage. So any doing vaguely decent against it is a huge sign towards that design being easily better, in certain ways at least, after a few refinements. Then material testing and and refinement to fix any changes due to that and you have the best min/max'd fan ever.

[@jkahgdkjhafgsd]

might also be interesting to try it out with doubling the thoroidal blades, fusing one set into the other

[@martixy2]

Except we're missing the scale. If the noctua is top dog, how much worse is average dog and bottom dog, and how does the toroidoal compare to those respectively?

[@BrettBreeden]

Not sure how well it competes, really. It's moving half the air and making a little more noise. Not to say it couldn't get better. But it's not like it was just barely worse than the Noctua.

[@autiebleSam]

@@BrettBreeden Keep in mind that airflow and static pressure are not the same thing. At half the static pressure, this unoptimized design isn't something you'd want to put against a radiator, but in the smoke test, it doesn't appear that its airflow is that far from the Noctua.

[@Macrocompassion]

The centrifugal fan drives the air radially outwards with some spin. The Coander principle helps some of the airflow to pass downwards creating suction. This lifts the drone due to suction from the canopy surface. But much of the air's momentum is not redirected and so a significant amount of lifting possibility of the drone is lost. It would be much more efficient in this respect if the radial air was directed INSIDE the canopy instead of outside. This would enable much more thrust to be developed, because, unlike a conventional propeller (or helicopter rotor), the increased momentum of the air behind it has increased speed, reducing diameter and its momentum is not usable, whilst that of the expanding mostly radial flow below the canopy will follow its shape and be turned downwards and used to increase the pressure below it to make more lift. Non-radial flow can be redirected downwards using angled blades inside the canopy too. Air entering the fan would also provide some suction and lift as well! Then either this can be used to have a greater weight-carrying capacity, or less power will be needed, and the result is a noise reduction to correspond.😎

[@radar12564]

... God I feel called out. When my dad and I pulled the boat out of the water at the end of the season last year, I forgot to lift the outboard.

[@sakfpv8444]

I think refining the angles, the shape of the torrid, and the trailing edge, will yield insane results. Something perfectly tuned to 2000rpm,

[@mrsnezbit2219]

Yes, since you know the speed it should work you can make it work perfectly for just that speed

[@haydenc2742]

Yeah, I think a lower angle of attack on the blades would be optimum...say 30°or less possibly

[@Vahlsten]

Maybe Toroidal would work bit better if it had more blades also starting and ending at the middle points of the other arcs, 4 arcs would basically count as 8 blades and 8 blades would be 16 if you followed this extremely quick explanation of an idea, I'm really glad and you deserve kudos for that.

[@TheDude50447]

Toroidal Props have been known for quite some time. Long before they were being manufactured. They never took off cause it was extremely expensive to produce them. It still is but new manufacturing techniques of the past decade have made them feasible. Every rising oil prices also having their part.

[@aliptera]

They are called wing-tip vortices because they are formed at the wing-tips, but the fallacy is - the vortices are not generated by the wing-tips. Any device inducing fluid movement will generate "wing-tip vortices" at the moving-stationary fluid interface, regardless of having or not wing-tips. Any undergraduate aerodynamics student should know this. Look at the Trefftz Plane Theory to get more details. This means any propeller will generate vortices. Blades interacting with vortices are generating noise. So, no matter what blade shape, there will be noise. The best you can do is to modify the noise spectrum so it's less annoying.

[@hotomahotoma584]

I really appreciate the community writing comments under this video. They all are contributing some ideas and everyone (it's most certain not everyone, but a Hughe fraction at least in the top comments) is friendly. That's what I like the most about videos like this and I think that's one reason I appreciate taking part in nerdy communities It always brings a smile to my face :) And I wish you a nice day

[@David_Mash]

I think a Thrust test like we do for drone props would be a great new test to add to a season

[@jaybrodnax]

The thickness and smoothness of the blade, and material itself, probably all detract

[@Neutrinum]

Toroidal Propeller on a drone porduces a less high pitched noise than conventional but is sometimes even louder to the ear. A bunch of people already tested it and there are videos available. A big disadvantage is obviously a reduction in lifting power.

[@emericanchaos]

Static pressure has specific use cases. If you're pushing through a rad or heatsink they're good. For just moving air through the case the toroidal would be better because the decreased pressure doesn't really matter and you shift the tonal pitch to a range more comfortable for human hearing. I would use traditional props on my water setup and then use an array of the biggest toroidal fans I could at the lowest speed that's pleasing to the ear. Lower decibels combined with lower tonality is a good formula for silent airflow. Every additional fan you add (same model/specs) will only add 3db to your overall noise output meaning 3×30db fans are better than one 50db ripper. 3×30db fans sum to 36db but will probably perform similarly or better. I want this in 120mm+ and offered in low rpm/dB models for keeping ssd's, nvm's, ram, and board components cool. Even if they had to run at higher rpm they'd be preferable in this use case.

[@wazeFPS]

the sound that comes from pc fans are pretty different what causes drones to be loud, like you said that fan is good for higher pitches which comes from higher rpms, also consider pc fans have a ring around them and that effects the vortex.

[@simondebrun]

Less high-frequency noise is worth the price of admission. Much less distracting

[@wolfinthesno]

It's really cool that you jumped over to the marine application. I actually came here interested in both PC fans and boat props but did not expect to get both in this video lol

[@Otto-W]

I use a dust collector in my small shop. They are crazy noisy, I can't help but wonder how much quieter it would be with a better blade design and if it's significantly quieter there is probably a good market for them.

[@ericapelz260]

For our shop, I build a closet for our Clear View cyclone dust collector. It's built with two layers of 5/8 drywall and uses an exterior steel door with more 5/8 drywall on the back side of it. Then I built a set of baffles floor to ceiling and about 18 inches wide that just have a 3-inch wide opening that is alternated from left to right with each layer of baffling, which are 3.5 inches apart. It's quiet enough to have a conversation in the room while it runs. We have really high-end (I want to say 1 micron, but I would have to look to be sure) filters on the outlet and recirculate the air in the shop so we can easily maintain temperature and humidity. A better fan design is a great idea, but this was easily done at a low cost.

[@isakhansen9572]

Dust collectors would use turbine/impeller type blades. The difference there would definately be interesting

[@Otto-W]

@@ericapelz260 yes there are ways to work around the noise if people have the space. But there is a reason so many high end vacuums sell compared to shop vacs with a noise barrier, some people will pay for the convenience. That's one thing that bothers me about the festool groups. When a problem comes up their solution is always to buy more festool. Clear View is an expensive brand. If there was an option to buy a quieter unit with a 20% markup I believe it would be a popular choice.

[@atheinasophiajade1044]

Some nice outta the box thinking!

[@ericapelz260]

@@Otto-W I agree a quieter unit could draw a premium. We already had the Clearview, so this was a retrofit. It could also work with a shop vac if you had enough hose to reach things. There always is more than one solution to any challenge, and each will have it's place. (FWIW, we went with Clearview because we wanted to re-circulate the air but wanted to minimize the health hazards )

[@roemskjaeveland5876]

The fundemental difference is that a drone needs to compact air on the surface area of the propellar points, but a computer fan has to push the air in a direction. So just reading the award specifications would just give me enough to conclude it would not work better.

[@nicole46980]

i think its more like comparing a 120mm fan to an 80mm fan, on a drone the props can be a bit longer to fit the toroidal bits in but in a PC you need to shrink the "blade" portion to fit the torroidal bits

[@BRUXXUS]

Super interesting! I think that design probably works best for applications without a shroud or duct. The blades almost form their own duct-ish thing. Just my guess. Sure looks cool, though!

[@SianaGearz]

Problem is unducted PC fans don't work all that great to begin with! In PC space there have been some unducted fans, particularly the Arctic F Pro series, but they make up reduced performance by just being THICC, and also only partially. 40mm instead of the usual 25. They failed to make an impact and largely got themselves killed off. They do sound pretty nice and unobtrusive but they also didn't shift a lot of air. Though i think with this sort of blade construction it may be worth another shot?

[@brkr78]

My thoughts exactly. The whole idea is centered around silencing non-ducted propellers. So having them in a ducted PC-fan kind of defeats the point.

[@stevethepocket]

The comments under the first showdown that the Cheater competed in made me aware that fan ducts aren't as common in PC cases as they used to be, despite being so obviously useful in improving airflow. I wonder if it's because they get in the way of gamers' oh-so-important lightshow. 🙄

[@SianaGearz]

@@stevethepocket You're thinking of the wrong kind of duct; the fan frame fully envelops the fan blades and thus makes it a "ducted propeller"; as opposed to an "open propeller" like what the original paper is aiming for for its usecase. Ducted cooling assemblies, where you have a shaped pipe connecting some outside opening to a fan, have only ever really been a thing in mass-produced prebuilts, not in standard-parts custom-built PCs, because it turns out this is kinda impossible to standardise across so many possible part combinations. And with prebuilts leaning towards overpriced throttling garbage today, there really isn't much incentive to put thought into airflow engineering, just slap the cheapest thing on it that barely works, people who buy these things don't know any better anyway. I would actually welcome a step back from tempered glass sidewalls and back to polycarbonate ones. For one they're pretty robust and cheaper to replace; for other you can do things with the sides - drill vent holes and such. A large downdraft cooler, side vent for it, and some DIY ducting to help it draw the advantageous outside air could be a thing. You can have aesthetics (or "aesthetics") and functional design both. This is actually about what i've been doing but i've got that old Scythe Grand Kama Cross and just steel sides. Apropos functional design vs. aesthetics, what's up with enclosures that have so much glass even covering the front, they have no chance of supplying the requisite air?

[@stevethepocket]

​@@SianaGearz If you're saying that cases with built-in ducts aren't feasible because of the wide array of places the CPU could be positioned on the board, that may be true, but that's when you just go with what my last off-the-shelf PC did: having half the panel covered in holes and making the duct attach the heatsink instead. You'll want all those extra holes anyway so the graphics card (and any other components on the board that get hot; apparently even SSDs and RAM have heat sinks now) can get fresh air too. Actually, depending on your computing needs, that graphics card might have _more_ use for a ducted fan than the CPU would, and for that... yeah, I've never seen anyone do that and I have no idea how it would be done.

[@richardboreiko]

That's interesting - my dad did some work for GE making fans more quiet back in the late 70s/early 80s. That was before there were PCs. But he did manage to make them more quiet. I wasn't privy to the details, but I think it has to do with the angle of the blades that break up the incoming air and how it shapes the air once it's gripped it, as well as possibly creating an echo off of other blades or parts of the fan.

[@John_Conner222]

Interesting I guess they didn't want to talk about the militarizes prop with the angled cut tips that send out counter vibration waves to cancel the initial noise wave.

[@scotty2307]

Quadmovr put toroidal propellers on a stunt/racing drone, and they ended up being substantially louder than his more conventional 8 blade propellers. The toroidal had more of a howl to it. There is a drone delivery company called Zipline. On some of their drones they are running a 2 bladed propeller. The blades sit at maybe 25 or 30 degrees to each other, and on different planes on the hub. Opposite the blades is a single coin shaped counter balance on a stalk that is a bit shorter than the blades. It makes sort of a shushing noise with little, or no buzz.

[@tadda6282]

You might not be noticing as much difference in sound due to the fact the propeller blades on the A12X25 are shrouded/ducted which reduces the tip vortices. So no real advantage to the toroidal propellers in this particular setup. If the fan blades for both were out in the open you may see a difference where the toroidal propellers are quieter.

[@pirojfmifhghek566]

Holy shit, this episode is DOPE. Keep digging around in the scientific papers and bring more of this stuff to my eyeballs.

[@faawks]

My understanding is that part of the efficiency of the design is the way it reacts with fluids at its "tips", having a surround or shroud means the "fan" isn't doing what it's designed for. Also, as far as I know being a prop means it's not really good as a fan, it's the same as a fan inside a jet turbine VS a prop on a more conventional airplane.

[@Patrick.Weightman]

I hate how much I LOVE that color combo.

[@dekjet]

Noiseblocker has toroidal PC fans (NB eLoop). They're supposed to be good (and also look cool) Would be fun and interesting to see them tested on the Fan Showdown setup. I'm not the how availability in the US is though.

[@iainburgess8577]

Fascinating; thank you so much! *paused at 3.32* That's a really interesting blade geometry; I can see the compromises against a traditional blade, along W several advantages... They lose a fair bit of the end-blade area W the highest diameter, and therefore speed+swept volume; that's going to cost something... It's going to be heavier; that will go either way depending on specific applications & part of the curve... But the structure is inherently stronger, more rigid. The straight edges integrate some of the ducting/perimeter of forced/contained flow. And Because there are no hard blade ends & a more consistent mid-circumference optimal blade area, there's fewer vortices & potentially a more uniform performance curve... There's also potential for a mixed curve set, and an optimised internal diameter/ external diameter to blade ratio; that mid area join zone is likely a net loss, but also potentially a gain for static pressure.. I Do think a toroidal fan optimised for this use case would be different, but W such an emerging geometry type there's no way to know how.... I have some ideas, but not enough skill to really do it; I'll try to see what I can put together & submit... This blade lends itself to so many things.... Integrated ducting, conada effects? Soap bubble geometry... 3d blade array... Omfg...

[@qb0cg237]

you need to have in mind the surface of the propeller: remember that 3d printers are great for making prototype pieces, but they aren't so effective creating aerodynamic "things", there was another guy on youtube that tried this propeller on his drone and it didn't have such great results, he also says because it's a 3d printed propeller and not a plastic-injected-smooth-one which may have different results

[@greybuckleton]

I would be super keen to see you try different blade designs on the drone actually. 3D printed drone upgrades seems awesome.

[@MichaelEllisYT]

I sense a spin off series coming called the Drone Prop Showdown.

[@Ithirahad]

ha, spin off

[@ddegn]

That would be great!

[@d2cuadrados510]

Get. Out!

[@salkinvo3590]

Testing your drone with the Noctura fans would be really interesting. If a more bladed fan could reduce this noise a bit that would be fantastic

[@C4reful]

If we are talking about drone props, here is how bladenumbers affect things: Fewer blades = more speed (due to less drag), lower efficiency, more noise. Dual blades for highspeed builds, very loud, need beefy motors and high-C batteries. Quad blades have less endspeed, but more bite in corners, motors can be smaller and lighter. Tri-blades are a nice medium, both for racing and freestyle drones. I cant figure out why all the camera drones have mostly dual blades...

[@dereklush9399]

Unbelievable that in 2023 we're still making such progress in such simple applications

[@iShionSinX]

If you check the videos of said toroidal propelers you will see engineers saying that people bring up that from time to time saying its gonna be revultionary when its just not that impressive, on top of asking people to remodel everything and/or buy the new thing when its just not necessary. The boat propeler for one is much more expensive compared to a regular one for minimal gain.

[@JeromeDemers]

I think the one you decided to print is the initial proto since the intern started using FDM printer for the first prototypes. The one I think you should copy is the blue prop. The one printed in SLA with the form lab.

[@SapientPearwood]

Interesting idea. I do think a significant difference from the drone configuration is that these fans are ducted. That is going to have a massive impact on the tip vortex behavior and therefore the sound. I think it's plausible that the duct is already mostly mitigating the tip vortex induced sound anyways, thereby erasing any advantage the toroidal would have in open air. The RPM difference you pointed out does make some sense too, though to me the Reynolds number is already plenty high enough even in the pc fan situation that I don't think there would be a significant difference in terms of turbulent vortex induced sound.

[@herseem]

I agree, that's the first thing that struck me - ducting changes the circumstances of a relatively straight blade. Essentially the toroidal blade is a halfway house between an open-ended blade and a ducted blade

[@forrestforce]

This is the smartest comment section I've ever seen. Cool stuff!

[@carsonc1272]

The A12X25 benefits from the fan housing acting like a ducted fan. The toroidal fan has advantages in an unducted setting but loses those advantages when compared to a ducted fan. Another factor is that this toroidal design wasn't refined at all so it's pretty amazing that it even did as well as it did.

[@andiders]

You should 3D-print a toroidal for the drone, and a copy of the noctua for the drone, and see which one flies the best.

[@soentrueman7944]

I would love to see a copy of the noctua fan on a drone! Especially given the pretty high volume of air it shifts, plus noctua's legendary low noise profile.

[@kino_cinante]

And use the drone blades for cooling the computer.

[@waldo7184]

I saw the MIT props on Hackaday and I knew it would be here too.

[@michaelbuckers]

A PC fan is ducted, meaning it doesn't have the tip vortices issue. And toroidal prop is specifically designed to reduce vortices - it is basically its own duct. So sure enough it doesn't do anything in this setup. Also, a way you can reduce audible noise is by spreading its frequencies out, by physically adjusting blade position such that the distance between them is randomized - just make sure it's balanced. The more blades you have, the more you can spread the noise. I wouldn't be surprised to know that the Noctua fan blades are ever so slightly misaligned.

[@MikkoRantalainen]

The important thing to understand is that propellers used in water or in drones operate in freely flowing environment. PC fans have a frame which is technically a short ducted fan and that's totally different environment. I think you should get rid of the frame for a toroidal propeller design.

[@BrandonsYouTube]

Would make for a really weird-looking helicopter wouldn't it?

[@zichithefox4781]

Probably work in a sci-fi setting

[@androiduberalles]

I think that'd be pretty much impossible to have the blade angles tip to work like a heli unfortunately 🫤

[@riongronberg1435]

@@androiduberalles, yeah helicopters need collective pitch for attitude control

[@ddegn]

@@riongronberg1435 What if the whole thing could be flexed? I don't see how it would be possible but it's interesting to think about.

[@riongronberg1435]

@@ddegn Maybe some pivot mechanism like this kzbin.info/www/bejne/a2aqXqCtiZ6oeac

[@jessejuliano8056]

I hope your channel gets big enough you can afford to buy your dad that prop without batting an eye mate. Love your content!

[@steffenjespersen247]

One of the things that no one talk about from the MIT is that it only produce about half the lift compared with the standard fan when utilizing the engine 100%. In drones lift / watt is alpha-Omega for all but a very limited application.

[@brendanwarrick4978]

This propeller design originates in Tasmania in 1971. It was developed by David B. Sugden, an engineer consulting to The Robbins Company

[@deceiverrr_]

I bet adding a similar to noctua fan curve to the blade will increase performance drastically. Also you probably should try to add number of blades while making them thiner

[@sergiomissaglia6380]

I will never understand how people like you exist. Those who can find the force to make the world a better place. Thank you for your work.

[@garystinten9339]

This is what I was wanting for an emulation desk PC.. moves air but keeps quiet...providing it moves enough air.

[@Truvies]

my guy just hustled us to do the work for him and make a toroidal pc fan, challenge accepted!

[@zacfisher4083]

I would like to see you make these for your phantom drone I would def watch that