Immune System | Summary

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The immune system has two main branches: the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response.
The innate immune response includes cells and mechanisms that are able to react to pathogens from birth. The adaptive immune system can learn and remember new pathogens and then protect from them long-term.
The innate immune system is composed of:
1. physical barriers such as mucous membranes and skin
2. chemical barriers such as lysozyme and stomach acid.
3. Complement is a group of small circulating chemicals that, when triggered, form a "membrane attack complex" that can punch holes in pathogen cell membranes.
The leukocytes that are involved in this response include:
*Granulocytes - neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
*Agranulocytes - macrophages and dendritic cells, which can be phagocytic and present antigens from invaders to the adaptive immune response cells known as helper T cells.
*Lymphocytes - Natural killer cells (NK cells) can cause apoptosis of tumor cells and viral-infected cells.
The adaptive immune response includes T and B lymphocytes. These cells must be activated to a specific pathogen before they can respond.
Helper T cells stimulate cytotoxic T cells to directly destroy pathogens. Helper T cells stimulate B lymphocytes to enlarge into plasma cells and produce antibodies.
These lymphocytes all reproduce rapidly and form memory cells that remain circulating and passing through lymph organs long-term to patrol for the presence of the specific pathogen in the future.
All leukocytes are formed in the bone marrow in a process known as hematopoiesis.

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This is a very nice summary including well organized and nicely visually displayed with color coding. This brought back fond memories of my medical school lecture notes taken with my big, thick multi-colored pen. Thank you for stimulating those joyful memories.

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Incredibly well presented summary! Really helps tie it all together. Thank you!

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so helpful! Great summarizing! Thanks for making this video

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Amazing! Organized review to help put all these cells in their proper places

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Better than the osmosis presentation of the immune system ...thank you

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Can you make more summaries for all of the body systems on your videos. I know there's this one and the hear one and that's all I could find. It's great for a quick review for science especially since some people don't have alot of time to study for the teas science section since science is so broad.

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For some reason I'm watching immune system videos for no reason. I'm not saying the videos I watched are bad. I just have no idea why I'm watching them.

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This was very helpful!! thank you, would you please do a video on the lymphatic system?? thank you :-)

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Me too about hypersensitivity

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really simple and concise video.apprciate.

[@141592635eg]

I thought cytotoxic T cells killed infected body cells, not pathogens. pathogens themselves are killed by having antibodies stuck to them, which macrophages recognize, and this causes the macrophage to engulf the pathogen. Really nice and organized video though!

[@karinacastro3827]

same here. from previous class I have that cytotoxic cells attack foreign cells or body cells infected by viruses.

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I got question in teas exam which cell suppress T cell cells - a- t regulatory cells B- B cells C- plasma cells D- antibodies I found answer that it is regulatory cells , but don’t know process plz explain it

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[@kanguernoorani4091]

Bacteria flora on skin and gut also competitively inhibits pathogens , I think they also can be included in innate immunity .

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I had questions in teas that patient had wound on skin,when pathogen enter through wound and then which system will help to kill the pathogen Immune system Circulatory system Integumentary system Lymphatic system

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IMMUNE SYSTEM

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[@alias2all]

Why don't antigen presenting cells recognize antigens in some disease such as hepatitis B? Or is the problem with the T helper cells? How do innate immunity cells know when something is foreign?

[@hadrielvalentino]

Chemical Barriers commonly found in our bodily secretions are: (1) Lysozomes, (2) IgA (A.K.A. The Anti Septic Paint of our mucosal linings, because they are present in EVERY mucosal surface), (3) Lactofferin, and (4) Amylase (the digestive enzyme mentioned in the video).

[@quagapp]

Eosinophil means Eo or Eos - dawn (of red colour thus) so as it stains red it maybe means it is 'acidic' (but note it comes like most medical terms either from ancient Gk. or with some others from Latin). 'Phil' always means likiing or loving. It is a bit moot and a quibble but I am interested in the etymology of words.

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Actually, the name "Eosinophils" is named after the dye "eosin", which is red in color. Eo or Eos mean "dawn" like you said.

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[@travisk5589]

Hank says that B lymphocytes mature in bone marrow. Not in the lymph system

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It's fun!