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In 1949, following the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the relocation of the Republic of China government( ROC) to Taiwan, the mainland fell completely under communist control in 1950, leaving the Republic of China with only the islands along the Chinese coastline, facing an existential crisis. Simultaneously, the outbreak of the Korean War diverted the main forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the Korean Peninsula, with the United States intervening in both the Korean War and the Taiwan Strait situation. With renewed support from the United States, the ROC military reorganized its fragmented forces, forming the prototype of the modern Republic of China Armed Forces.
During this period, in the early stages of the Taiwan Strait conflict, the United States primarily utilized the ROC military, relocated to Taiwan, to harass the mainland coast, increasing pressure on the CCP, which was heavily involved in the Korean War, and raising bargaining chips for Korean War ceasefire negotiations. After the end of the Korean War, the United States no longer supported any offensive operations by the ROC military against the mainland, resulting in the loss of Zhejiang Province. Subsequently, the focus shifted to actively defending Taiwan and the offshore islands of Fujian Province. This led to the outbreak of the Kinmen artillery duel in 1958, ultimately determining the territorial boundaries between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait today.
The main battlegrounds between 1949 and 1958 were the coastal regions of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, as well as the border areas of Yunnan and Bruma. This presentation focuses on the coastal regions of Fujian and Zhejiang.
Due to American aid, the uniforms of the ROC military were deeply influenced by the United States, with uniforms in grass green and khaki colors. In the late 1950s, there were also uniforms in deep tea green, making the ROC military increasingly similar to the US military.