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Over March and April 2023, India was gripped by efforts to arrest a young Sikh militant, Amritpal Singh. This has led to growing fears about the rise in separatist sentiment in the northern province of Punjab, where there has been a long-standing effort to create an independent Sikh homeland, Khalistan. But are such concerns justified.
Sikhism is the fifth largest religious group globally, with over 25 million adherents worldwide. Founded in the early sixteenth century By Guru Nanak, it was later refined by nine further Gurus. However, from the start, it has faced persecution. As a result, when Britain decolonised India, there were calls for a separate Sikh homeland. However, this was rejected. Instead, in 1966, Punjab was reorganised and partitioned to create a Sikh-majority federal state. But in the years that followed, disillusionment grew. This then led to tensions. This came to a head in 1984 when Indian forces raided the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest shrine of the Sikhs. As well as killing the leader of the militants, Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, many thousands were killed. Operation Blue Star, as it was known, caused outrage and led to the assassination of the Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, by two of her Sikh bodyguards. But in the years that followed, it seemed that the Khalistani movement was gradually declining. However, this changed with the emergence of a young preacher: Amritpal Singh. But is this really the start of a new phase of violent agitation for an independent Sikh state?
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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:50 Religion, Independence Movements and the Sikhs
01:29 India, Punjab and the Sikh Community
02:47 The Origins of the Sikh Faith
03:56 The Growth of Sikhism
07:12 1984, Amritsar and Operation Blue Star
08:32 The Decline of the Khalistan Movement
10:07 Amritpal Singh and Renewed Khalistan Separatism
11:45 Is Khalistan Violence Likely to Rise Again?
SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Government of India
www.india.gov.in
Government of Punjab
punjab.gov.in
First Sikh War | National Army Museum
www.nam.ac.uk/explore/first-s...
Bloom Review
assets.publishing.service.gov...
Sikh Coalition
www.sikhcoalition.org/about-s...
The Map Archive
www.themaparchive.com
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- The contents of this video and any views expressed in it were not reviewed in advance nor determined by any outside persons or organisation.
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