Please evaluate at: www.surveyshare.com/s/AYAEEHA In this episode we look at what our options are when there are non-compliance in a study. Intention to treat, as treated and per protocol are compared.
Пікірлер: 91
@cyberderma69914 жыл бұрын
This was SIMPLY the best explanation ever. Thank you.
@meowmeowoglu84845 жыл бұрын
I rarely comment on youtube, but I really felt obligated to comment on this one. Thank you for this great video.
@xDomglmao7 жыл бұрын
Amazing, much better than in our textbooks!
@JohnSmith-py8sv5 жыл бұрын
You’re the best. God bless you
@yznnof4308 жыл бұрын
very good and straightforward
@roomanaseher2844 Жыл бұрын
Can you please make more videos on clinical trials concepts? Your explanation is super simple and comprehensive.
@heyyyyitsLisa104 жыл бұрын
This is the best explanation. Thank you!
@rubymittal40046 жыл бұрын
Thanks! A wonderful video. Even though I knew how to calculate ITT, I was struggling to understand its relevance. Much clearer now. :)
@pharmboy19873 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! Your video explained the exact concepts I was having a hard time comprehending.
@witch_hazel32174 жыл бұрын
REALLY helped with my paper, wonderfully explained and well illustrated! thank you!
@brfive7 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the video. Very intuitive and easy to understand. Awsome.
@elizabethfrey87175 жыл бұрын
OMG Thank you for an explanation that makes sense!!!
@elisamansur34114 жыл бұрын
Such a good explanation. Thank you!
@noha18788 жыл бұрын
Amazing explanation, many thanks :)
@salmantariq57948 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the fantastic and concise explanation :D
@festivetoe94925 жыл бұрын
you earned a sub. I fkn suck at research and you just explained this so simple and well. Thank you so much.
@marianatividadseisdedos19264 жыл бұрын
Excellent explanation! Could you do a video about "concealment" of the randomisation sequence? Many people mistake the concepts of "concealing" and "blinding". Thank you!
@lujain50484 ай бұрын
Best ever !! Thank you
@jussa1017 жыл бұрын
your videos have saved me during critical appraisal. Our prof never did a great job of explaining this stuff thank-you.
@richardfeinman65813 жыл бұрын
Your prof may have been too smart to figure out how to explain a concept that doesn't make any sense. As above: Simple: If you assign the group to take a pill and you know that none of them took it and you have their data from their return visit, ITT says that that data gives you information about the efficacy of the pill. That's what ITT says you must do.
@strongallalong892 жыл бұрын
This was great! Thank you!
@atheer96326 жыл бұрын
Thank You
@allenwang79615 жыл бұрын
thank you so much, way better than Uworld explanation. They should hire you mate!
@kyf_3 жыл бұрын
thank you so much man...
@mikem88105 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@shaomai36082 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making a video to illustrate the concept. I still have a question. One quit from a study, according to the intention to treat principle, we keep the subject at the group that he was assigned. But when we conduct the statistical analysis, how do we calculate the time the subject spend in the study? Person-time or whole time?
@spintius3752 Жыл бұрын
Excellent explanation. Thanks!
@AA-im3pz2 жыл бұрын
Perfectly explained. thank you :)
@user-fu5gi1nf1m2 жыл бұрын
this video is crystal clear! it would be better it explains why ITT minimizes bias
@johnrizk46145 жыл бұрын
Amazing!
@roomanaseher2844 Жыл бұрын
Extremely helpful. thankyou so much!
@forriwaj2 жыл бұрын
Got it. Thank you
@paulafrengul97616 жыл бұрын
Very well explained thank you
@sapirdov50058 жыл бұрын
great!! helped me a lot !
@albertocamelli44372 жыл бұрын
eccezionale!! forza italia!!
@yashpatel2523 Жыл бұрын
Very good and clear explanation
@zhengzhuoli75733 жыл бұрын
clear and helps a lot
@mohamedabuelazm99973 жыл бұрын
Great video
@enasbahar54916 жыл бұрын
fab!!!!!!!!!!!
@maradonaxl23 жыл бұрын
excelletn video, very helpfull. Thanks!
@sagarboss20042 жыл бұрын
Amazing
@srishtikumar83484 жыл бұрын
4:26 In the as-treated protocol, will not the percentage of good outcomes in the control group become 60%? Since I am moving the good outcome from the experimental group into the control group, thereby making the good outcome into a bad one?
@iamgoddard Жыл бұрын
Great video! But why an intention-to-treat group is better than a per-protocol group in minimizing biases of protocol-violating subjects is asserted but not explained. On its face, the opposite would seem more likely. If half of the controls used the treatment and half of the treatment group didn't use the treatment, any efficacy of the treatment should be undetectable in the intention-to-treat groups but could be uncovered in the per-protocol group. No?
@Surgeryexplainedsimple6 жыл бұрын
excellent
@syedzahidali66173 жыл бұрын
Excellent
@dragonartstudios2 жыл бұрын
LMAO I needed to clarify this concept and that was great but Im giving you a million likes because of the joke at the beginning XD XD XD now I cant think of ITT the same way ever :D
@steverichards70603 жыл бұрын
So no matter what deviations we have, randomisation purpose is preserved. Is that the summary?
@sketchyebm30433 жыл бұрын
That's how I understand it - it minimizes the unavoidable impact of non-compliance by preserving randomization.
@genuine_meteen9169 Жыл бұрын
👉Y was it in per protocol, just 75% instead 100%, and the experimental group get 100%, wen it was the experimental group affected and 1 fall out from experimental group happened? Pls explain
@Danika937 жыл бұрын
Great channel and video, I have recommended it to my classmates as it helps a lot when reading and understanding RCTs. May I please use a screenshot from 3:50 and/or 4:50 in my thesis ? References will naturally be to this video and its credits :)
@sketchyebm30437 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the message - yes, please go ahead and use it as you see fit as long as proper credit is given. :)
@samilyton88992 жыл бұрын
would this be the same as concept to treat?
@nathanhorton26132 жыл бұрын
You try to give the video more brightness it will be great if you do
@magiceggyeggy47556 жыл бұрын
I finally get it!!! Thank you so much!!
@nirnaya136 жыл бұрын
Great! But what does "good outcome" mean?
@ismatkaakar75354 жыл бұрын
Nirnaya Bhatta, it’s the desired effects of an intervention. E.g. recovery from an illness, relief of pain, ...
@tophersuwita Жыл бұрын
I am still confused how if we don't know the "satisfaction" (the outcome in this video) of the dropped out subjects? In this video, you explain like the researchers know about the dropped out subjects outcome. For example, 100 subjects in control group vs 100 subjects in experimental group are followed for survival after 5 years. If there are 10 dropped out subjects in experimental group and (for the sake of simplicity) the rest of them is alive, how should we calculate the survival rate of experimental group? PP analysis: 90/90 = 100% ITT analysis: 90/100? And how about if I study their mortality rate? PP analysis: 0/90 = 0% ITT analysis: 10/100 = 10% (we count the dropped out subjects as "failure") or 0/100 (because we only include the dropped out as they were randomized, without any outcome)? Thank you
@sketchyebm3043 Жыл бұрын
You've asked an excellent question. ITT helps with non-compliance and directs us as what to do with the data that is generated with non-compliance. My examples illustrate how, depending on their data, ITT minimizes (but does not eliminate) the impact of non-compliance. Missing data is another problem altogether, which is a disaster because it really undermines the validity of the research. For this reason we often put (arbitrary) limits on how much data can go missing before we forfeit the results of the study. I hope this helps!
@shameenoori41937 жыл бұрын
wow sooo good finally I understood thank you soooo much
@RobertWF4210 ай бұрын
Is Intention to Treat becoming a "buzz word" in data science? A team in my analytics department at a large insurance company claimed they'd conducted an "ITT" study. After reading their paper, it was clear they had run a case-control analysis on observed data, not an ITT RCT. Maybe "Intent to Treat" sounds fancier?
@sketchyebm304310 ай бұрын
Sorry to hear - hopefully it's not becoming a buzz word! In medical research it does imply sticking to a certain methodology.
@wuyanming18514 жыл бұрын
Very well-explained video, thanks a lot :-)
@jan-kjetiljess5034 жыл бұрын
Would't it make more sense to take the mean value of per protocol, as treated and ITT? That way you account for all possibilities and in the long run probably get more correct interpretation of data. Or at least my grasp says you do...
@sketchyebm30434 жыл бұрын
A really excellent question that I hadn't thought of before! We see a similar issue arise with meta-analysis in that we don't improve the quality of an estimate by increasing the number of inaccurate data going into the calculation. I think the old adage "Garbage in, garbage out'" probably applies here too. It points to just how terrible non-compliance in a study is on the final result... so frustrating to have to rely on ITT which (IMHO) is the worst method except for all the others (to misquote Churchill).
@jan-kjetiljess5034 жыл бұрын
@@sketchyebm3043 Thanks for that response. I agree with the 'garbage in, garbage out' adage, but in this case we don't really know which is and which is not garbage. We don't know whether ITT, per protocol or as treated most accurately reflects the (majority of) drop outs. As I see it, ITT is a gamble which'll sometimes be right and other times wrong. To me it just seems more conservative and in the long term more failsafe to do a mean value. I might do both myself. One mean and one ITT. Let the reader choose. (Can I have an 'amen' for passing the buck?).
@stephenogbodo1328 Жыл бұрын
@@jan-kjetiljess503 Amen!
@mohammedabusalem4211 Жыл бұрын
genius
@shyamgupta26682 жыл бұрын
how do you do that?
@sketchyebm30432 жыл бұрын
I use VideoScribe for the whiteboard and iMovie for audio and editing. Takes some time to learn, but pretty user-friendly!
@mahaqas11356 жыл бұрын
That Canadian accent thoughhh
@stiglarsen5433 жыл бұрын
dident halp :(
@Kordon87 Жыл бұрын
BASED BASED BASED REEEEEEE
@Mercyforthewicked2 жыл бұрын
but how do i now they used the ITT method??
@sketchyebm30432 жыл бұрын
They should specify in their "methods" section that they are using intention to treat analysis. It's on my list of things I go looking for!
@Mercyforthewicked2 жыл бұрын
@@sketchyebm3043 ahh i see! Thank you for responding ! If it's not stated should it be obvious in their analysis methods ? Or is it generally just stated
@sketchyebm30432 жыл бұрын
@@Mercyforthewicked Often it's just stated (or they'll say they used another technique) but sometimes not and then I go looking to see if they talk about what they did with patients who were non-compliant or didn't conform to the research methodology. Very tricky!
@Mercyforthewicked2 жыл бұрын
@@sketchyebm3043 Is missing outome data a red flag for ITT analyses, or is it unrelated to the ITT
@sketchyebm30432 жыл бұрын
@@Mercyforthewicked I think it's somewhat related, but its own problem. Missing data undermines the validity of the results much like non-adherence to study protocol. There's no way to 'fix' those problems, but rather to adjust our expectations of our conclusions.
@richardfeinman65816 жыл бұрын
I have explained what is wrong with this in my intention-to-publish paper. I know, if I didn't write it, what am I talking about? If you can believe that you learn about the experimental even though you know that one of the people dropped out, then you can appreciate how substantial my CV is. The "best" is what he says. Never mind that it doesn't make any sense. If you knew that one of the people would not adhere for religious, political, psychological reasons, you would no include them in the trial. If you include them now, you are introducing bias, that is you are saying that what you wanted to do was more important than what happened.
@sketchyebm30436 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your comment Dr. Feinman. I'm sure we can agree that research participants who do not adhere to protocol present a threat to the validity of the results no matter what, mathematically, we do with their results. In the case of predictable non-adherence, I agree that having this as an exclusion criteria PRIOR to randomization is a better idea than letting them enter the study only to fail compliance. Having said that, the generalizability of the results will suffer with each additional group we exclude from the study. I have a few issues with your publication on ITT. (nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-6-1) Specifically: a) A physician concluding that Diet A is equal to Diet B based on a failed superiority trial is a common error we see with clinicians, which is misinterpreting 'no significant difference found' to mean 'there is no difference'. The former being a conclusion from a failed superiority trial, the latter from a successful equivalence/non-inferiority trial. This common clinician misunderstanding is important in of itself, and would have been better off left as a separate teaching point, as opposed to muddling the application of ITT. b) The example of the CABS trial - the problem with just using as-treated post-randomization is that the reason for patients' non-compliance may be independently related to their outcome. (Perhaps the high mortality in the group who was assigned to surgery but got medicine was because these were the sickest patients in this arm of the study and someone felt they were not a good surgical candidate. Using as-treated or per-protocol would then selectively remove the sickest patients from this arm of the trial, resulting in worse bias than what we see with ITT.) c) Your comment that it is "reasonable" that scientific knowledge ignore "data that was not in the experiment" is itself based on opinion and not fact. Although it is easy mathematically to just use per-protocol or as-treated analysis, these methods likely enhance the bias from non-compliance. d) I agree that concepts or ideas are not better because they are newer. I would add that concepts or ideas are not better because they are established. As a friend says: "Be skeptical of anything you learn." Like the much quoted "Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others", it is my thought that ITT is the worst way to deal with non-adherence, except for all the others. Which is not to say that ITT fixes non-adherence. Glad you are drawing your own conclusions! Anthony
@taro74482 жыл бұрын
Anyone from NBME self assessment?
@SmileStash773 жыл бұрын
Ooooout
@alvarotaveras775110 ай бұрын
nbme 20 hahaha
@evisweet4 жыл бұрын
Your explanations are good but you are too fast.
@alaaabozied30544 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@minhtran-qh2xe2 жыл бұрын
You try to give the video more brightness it will be great if you do
@bobbobb72122 жыл бұрын
how do you do that?
@sketchyebm30432 жыл бұрын
I use VideoScribe for the whiteboard and iMovie for audio and editing. Takes some time to learn, but pretty user-friendly!