Intro to Historical Linguistics: Reconstruction of Lost Proto-Languages (lesson 4 of 4)

[@NativLang]

You're very welcome. Happy to hear that these have something meaningful to share!

[@EvanC0912]

Even more compelling is the number five (5). Almost all retains "lima", with very minor changes. I speak Indonesian, and I think its (along with Malay's) number are the more innovative one. But they somehow left "lima" unchanged.

[@mateo_ferranco]

austronesian "lima" gang.

[@MC3141592653589]

Keep in mind that there are many different dialects of Hawaiian, and the Hawaiian letter W can also be pronounced as /v/, likewise K can sometimes be /t/, l can sometimes be /r/ or /d/, and so on.

[@deadjunior258]

oh dear lord I can listen to nativlang's voice all day. It sounds so patient and kind and supportive and dayyuuummm

[@idraote]

Even if, in this case, your conclusion is agreed upon by most, making the distinction between retention and innovation a mere question of statistics like you do for K vs T (three languages have T, just one has K, therefore T must be the original sound) can lead to serious blunders; not to mention that both K and T could be innovations and the original sound could be a different one.

[@idsebayutromp5758]

What would be a better technique for finding out what the original sound was?

[@MultiSciGeek]

Very good series. I think you should remake this into a proper 1 hour video like you did for Thot's Pill. It would really be worth it and I feel like this was too short and that there is so much more to learn!

[@NativLang]

It would be good to correct and enhance, too! Unfortunately, this platform hasn't been rewarding for me when it comes to longer videos, nor for this more technical, less personal content. Definitely open to suggestions though.

[@MultiSciGeek]

***** Ok I understand. Thanks

[@Anna-mc3ll]

Many thanks for this short series on Historical Linguistics!

[@user-bn2kh4iz1z]

NativLang- Thank you for this video, Sir. I think it's utterly great and interesting!

[@gracelyc2002]

Thanks a lot for these classes! I'll use them in a linguistic anthropology class.

[@EvanC0912]

glad you use examples from Austronesian languages

[@howtobeasuccessfulperson9960]

Thank you for providing us with these beneficial information dealing with linguistics.

[@Leto85]

Thank you for making this series. This last part looks rather complicated at first glance, but I think I've grasped it a bit. The reconstruction of ancestor languages look very logical.

[@mr.mrs.kmamuyac2801]

I admire your series.

[@randomly_random_0]

Tagalog (distant cousin of Polynesian languages) Two = Dalawa Three = Tatlo Seven = Pito Eight = Walo

[@djamolin]

Well done! Very clear with great examples.

[@BleedingKryptic]

Exactly what I was looking for! Thanks man.

[@arianaroz5035]

These videos were very helpful! Thanks so much!

[@shaseenaliganga340]

Thank you, it's very informative.

[@rkpetry]

*_...the 'oldest' we have for duo, meaning, two, might be Deucalion whose great flood ended the era of the first-lineage gods' rulership: in that sense a second beginning, not merely a second of countable objects... Prior to that, Egyptian, Duat, was a secondary, branch, or sporadic trace, of, the oldest, Nile river..._*

[@hglundahl]

Would you like to add a lesson 4 b - how to determine if all isoglosses in common are from same original language - i e "Romance" vs "Balkan" scenario?

[@gorilaogorila835]

thank you

[@askhowiknow5527]

Their word for 3 is an obvious cognate with Proto Indo European and in many seemingly unrelated languages the words for “ten” and “fingers” are pretty similar

[@p00bix]

"Related" and "looks similar" are completely different things. Unless you can construct a proto-language connecting PIE with the Polynesian languages, primarily through the identification of regular sound correspondences, it is very very silly to say that PIE is related to Polynesian. I recommend reading on the Comparative Method if you're interested in this sort of thing--it's very easy to see similarities where there are none, and miss similarities where they do exist, without the right scientific tools to examine languages.

[@rkpetry]

Strange that /dωs/ et al mean two or two-more, when protolinguistics shows us /n-/ was secondary or plural e.g. Sumerian nin was secondary-prince/princess/lady... was it a loss of the nasal feature by decline ('human speech is as bull-bellowing', complained Enlil), or, /ᵈn/-hardening for definitiveness, or, unlearned-alpha-moron-imposed speech pattern.

[@MA-rp5pu]

very helpful 😘😘

[@guilhermeborges9644]

Could you please recommend some researchers articles ou books about those concepts? Thanks

[@amanduswestin9211]

In the case of two of Niuean and Rapa Nui, it seems like the names for the languages themselves are related xD

[@MultiSciGeek]

What if the proto languages split into two groups and one of the groups split into 4 languages while the other group slit into one language, and only that one languages retained the original sound of r or l. How do you figure it out then? Also when languages split of like that, where does one language start and the other end. Lets say that the one group that split of is the closest to the original proto language, at what point is it considered a different language?

[@amanduswestin9211]

MultiSciGeek I think it depends on a cople of different things, some of might be: * how isolated the speakers of the different "languages" are from each other, geographically AND culturally (basically if the languages belong to distinct "ethnic" groups) * if the language is written down and/or used in religious cermonies. * different linguistic "institutions" and conventions standardizing languages

[@wearealreadydeadfam8214]

OHM-968692 They take that into account lol. Like you would be able to tell if the language split into two groups early on. The number of languages in a group doesn’t matter. It’s the history that matters. They don’t just count the modern languages and pick the sound that’s most popular. They reconstruct. They see what possible chain of sound changes could derive them from a common ancestor. And there is wiggle room. So if we don’t know something for sure, than we don’t know for sure. But I would assume they are sure about that specific sound, since he used it as an example.

[@benw9949]

Is that [?e] in Hawaiian related to any grammatical forms in the related languages? (prefixes, suffixes, determiners, verbal or noun or adj/adv forms? -- The L/R is shared evenly by two daughter Langs each, so I couldn't guess to be sure of the ancestor without a fifth or further langs. But *ph -> f or h happened in both Irish and Japanese, so this makes sense as F for the older form. T -> K in Hawaiian looks pretty regular, though why that would happen, I don't know. W -> V is common. Voicing and devoicing are pretty common. So I could come up with some close guesses, but I'd want more data to be more sure of the reconstruction's accuracy.

[@longuevalnz]

Sorry to raise this from the dead, but you asked good questions. Yes, the ‘e (or just e) is found in related languages. Eg In Māori it’s a seperate verbal particle: E rua ngā ika ... there are two fish. E toru ngā ika ... there are 3 fish. In Hawaiian it is fused to the number. Re the t > k in Hawaiian, the first step is that the original Hawaiian k became glottal stop. So fish in Hawaiian is i’a whereas Māori ika retains the original k . That leaves room for t to be pronounced further back in the mouth, becoming a new k. As for understanding what happened with l and r you need to look at many more Polynesian languages than this very short video can.

[@JayaSaputra]

Austronesians, the conquerers of tropical oceans.

[@hglundahl]

5:42 can Fidjian and Malagasy not confirm an original distinction of k and t?

[@daniellbondad6670]

Hawaiian and (Old) Tagalog numbers Lua and Dawa Kolu and Talo Hiku and Pito Walu and Walo

[@fanihaerul5612]

Javanese number: Loro Telu Pitu Wolu

[@keylow7155]

Samoan Numbers: 1 - Tasi 2 - Lua 3 - Tolu 4 - Fa 5 - Lima 6 - Ono 7 - Fitu 8 - Valu 9 - Iva 10 - Sefulu Just out of curiosity, how do you say ear?

[@radenmasprabudaskitaaryopu4092]

Ear in Indonesia meaning Telinga :)

[@habibebozkaya5608]

the background music is so distracting

[@rkpetry]

The /k/ vs. /t/ might be an historic differentiation-not, splitting, but meaning something else-e.g. in protolinguistics (or simply archaic Sumero-Egyptian as a paradigm), the /k-/ prefix meant definitive 'THE' (cf softer /h/ meant definite 'the') while the /t-/ prefix meant the now-present-source, (e.g. Ra was T'Amun while very-younger Shu was Kh'An-Shu)....

[@kaoleumu5720]

I don't think hawaiian needs the e in front of the numbers just tasi lua etc

[@raymoshav-bloodbought]

This is (ancient in publishing)

[@KendrixTermina]

cool

[@sripadmothe5018]

thax for really helping stuff..it's true..some kids who ever learning new words likely to misspell L to R it's my observation which leads to funny meanings.. being a native speaker of Telugu language i would put such words with you ..Ranjan= large mud pot to store water;a kid next door to me used to call it Lanjan (= prostitute). humour instead of saying "dad brought a new Ranjan.. to home"...he spelt " my dad brought a new Lanjan". . LOL to nativelanguage,com

[@okrammanitombi2975]

add meitei mayek script in one of your videos. It is a north east indian script

[@kalaiarun4293]

Sir stop background music. I can't understand ur speech

[@crypto2633]

3:25 Bruh i came here for something other than politics 😂