Intro to Theory of Values | Chapter 1

This video covers Chapter 1 - 'Commodities' of Das Kapital by Karl Marx. In this chapter, Karl Marx lays out the foundations of his Theory of Values and other ideas to be explored in Das Kapital.
0:00 Intro
0:49 Commodities
1:52 Use-values
2:52 Exchange-value
3:50 Value
5:55 Labor-time
9:10 Two-fold nature of Labor within commodities
9:39 Useful labor
11:20 The Social Division of Labor
12:21 Labor’s relationship with productive power
13:42 The Money-form of value
pages summarized: 47

[@capsandnumbers]

Finally, a theory channel for dumbasses like me who refuse to read

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Hahaha we got you

[@jjjxcfdarvb1137]

Me too 😂😂

[@YaBoiHakim]

Lovely work! This is a great resource for beginners. Will you do all of the first volume of capital?

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Yes! We will :)

[@YaBoiHakim]

Fantastic! Keep up the excellent work :)

[@sayanmajumdar9492]

@@YaBoiHakim Complete the series on "Wage Labour and Capital"

[@aforsy]

Dang, if Hakim endorses I know it's quality

[@leftylaura9164]

HI HAKIM

[@rorysmith5729]

This came at the perfect time, I’m currently struggling with the book and I was very happy to see this pop up. Keep up the good work comrade

[@fistpump64]

same to me ish I understood the first chapter but this helps me fully understand.

[@acevanitas1143]

I started reading das kapital a few days ago and was struggling a lot, but watching this alongside reading the book has made the material much more digestibl, this video was extremely helpful, thank you!

[@connorjolley3355]

I feel so much much better about my life after watching this. My brain melted down midway through chapter 3 and I didn't realise just how much tension had built up in my psyche that I couldn't get past it. I know it's no substitute for reading it but I feel now I can tackle it again with the basic parameters of what I'm reading set out. If I had any money I would seek out a way of giving some of it to you fine young people. Thank you!!!

[@schiacciatrollo]

saying? that you're missing the valuation of brain work .. or .. generally .. or .. yours / and what's the difference in between young and old in relation to melt-downs .. anyway, what is !really! your point here

[@schiacciatrollo]

@@JRWall-hf9mq yeah, just tell him that .. maybe by sms .. or email .. he might change his idea in his 19th century .. and tell him how much of academic soul you are and how capable to reenact people like him nowadays, dr. wall, or was against the wall .. what is more annoying substance or being out in the left field .. dr. wall likes to win easy

[@schiacciatrollo]

@@JRWall-hf9mq dr. judge mental .. in relation to the speed of light we are all retards .. sensitive? i don't like ignoramuses, am i sensitive then? well, yes, i'm a sensitive one.

[@aidanfogelsmith1528]

Thank god I found you I just bought this book and i feel like I’m reading hieroglyphics. You’re hilarious and made it so easy to understand 🖤

[@VegasMax]

You took the words out of my mouth.

[@stephenhemingway9435]

Very nice. This is a chapter I have struggled to understand for a long time and you have summarized it extremely professionally. I hope you will continue through all 3 volumes of Kapital.

[@ChapterbyChapter]

thank you, we appreciate it!

[@Chris-MusicTheoryAndFretboard]

"Yeah, we hope that trying to understand the whole book and not just a few soundbites will help people understand the underlying philosphy and maybe even make them think critically about the problems within the idiology around Marx. We'll see if this is possible given our short attention span (which I am also very guilty of, the internet really does change our brains haha)." - from their Reddit account

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Yep that is our Reddit comment, thanks for bringing it up (although I did delete the other 3 times you copy-pasted this in our comment section, better to have this conversation in one place, otherwise it'll get confusing)! We do encourage thinking about these works critically (we should think critically about anything we read). Questioning and challenging ideas will not only make us think about them in depth, but will also lead to these ideas being improved. -R edited because of spelling mistakes, sorry it's not my first language

[@WTAWWR08]

Guys, I cannot stress that we, the viewers, supported the creators who offer so much value to us. Reward their labour!!!!

[@christophegonzales721]

I recommend this vid for those who want to learn the main points of Das Kapital. This is a time saver!

[@noah_tries_gaming8318]

Cannot wait for more of these. I literally take notes. My mind has been spurred

[@Whateverisavailableworksforme]

Super well done; the review sessions in the middle of the video and timestamps with corresponding terms/ideas are really helpful!

[@bosuacjafari2337]

Does this count as reading theory? Trying to stop being a lib.

[@sincerelyyours8354]

Bosuac Jafari i’d say you should read Kapital and also watch videos and consume other resources relating to the book as supplement. But reading the original text along with aides is probably best!

[@declanstevenson5682]

Close enough

[@costbart]

you should read das kapital, IMO. but i understand if you don't want to (no everybody enjoys spending 10-15mini per page, although not everyone has to), I'm currently doing it, it's worth it if you take your time, write notes and review it. some friends and I have organized in a reading group to discuss each chapter, we've only been through the first, but it's fun and interesting. to see other opinions, sometimes things slip past you when you read.

[@busterampleforth9806]

Read/listen to Das Kapital, but this can help to understand it, I'd say.

[@rhythmjones]

Understanding the concepts is what's important.

[@kitchris5902]

This is an absolutely great video for people to understand Marx- thank you 🙏🏻 I will be sharing whenever the situation arises!

[@weeweepeepeehi]

Thank you! I'm so happy I found this channel, great humor and great explanations on his theory in bite size chunks!

[@the_proletariat]

Great explanation! You guys are doing a great service by making these concepts very much accessible! Really appreciate the effort and creativity. Thank you very much.

[@lucas3918]

This was a great recap prior to reading the next chapter! It made things easy to freshen within my mind prior to moving on while also clarifying any nuances I may have lost myself in

[@lisakukla459]

I wish I'd seen this before I'd listened to chapter 1! I'll do it in the right order going forward. Thanks for the clever arrangement of vocab words, too! This is really well done.

[@CarlosRamirez-tr9sm]

As a new Economics student, I thank you!

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Welcome to the community!

[@bootangy]

LOL

[@aldhizak]

pressed the rewind button for 23927 times in this video a lot of thanks for the lesson !!

[@michaelquick5819]

I'm so excited to have a channel that is not only entertaining but informative with no bias ( that is in your face). Just subscribed and will try to like every video I can

[@arjunsengupta9797]

Clear, concise and insightful. Thanks a lot!

[@SAIYARA-yt7wu]

You worked hard for this straightforward informative video, with little humor in it, thank you !

[@movie30000]

I am awed. Just thinking of how much someone put energy to this. This lady should get paid like a professor does at a university. I know it doesn't compensate, but at least for now, i can offer you my gratitude. 😊

[@legojayman]

Great video! It is tough to read and I am glad to have someone to help me along the way

[@deegodarkwulf1228]

"The air we breathe doesn't have a value as a commodity" Capitalists: "Hold my beer!" That said, thank you very much for putting this video together. I can't seem to find very many unbiased resources that look at any of the Marx and later Leninist philosophies/ideologies without attaching the spectre of "Communism" to them, and being highly biased against them, presupposing that Capitalism is in fact how society should be modeled.

[@rhumandlove393]

people have a hard time separating the application device from the ideas.

[@FastlaneProductions1]

Just a thought but aren't some of the biggest issues of pollution occurring in the air and most waters, which are by default public?

[@leftylaura9164]

o'hare air

[@NAOMHUME]

Okay!!! this channel is criminally underrated

[@jennaphillips2368]

This was SO helpful for me! Thank you so much! I'm in a master's level political economy course, which brings many new concepts to me, but this made the content easily digestible.

[@jays2551]

thank you for this! i've read most of the book but i'm more of a visual person so this is pretty helpful for filling in the parts that i wasn't able to accurately conceptualize

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Glad to hear it! This is exactly what we’re hoping to help with

[@englituremalayalam4736]

Excellent presentation! finally a beautiful commodity.... Thank you for your labor🥰

[@NeroLizard]

H a t c h e t Awesome video, can't wait for more

[@smileyp4535]

Lmao ikr? Wtf

[@ravenmorgan2941]

this helped me get an A in my Marxist Theory class! Thank you so much!!

[@funkygrow9106]

Great job red! You couldn’t have explained it any more eloquently/accurately.

[@JK-tr2mt]

Useful bite sized summary. I'm buying the book, but don't fancy painstakingly reading every word! Thanks.

[@elliotted7237]

Thank you so much for making this video! Much appreciated

[@sallywilks456]

You really helped me understand this tricky topic. Thank you!

[@capath]

Too good. Please keep doing this

[@edmondtarverdyan1824]

Thanks for making such useful video on the topic, concepts were explained in very understandable manner with good examples and overall video quality is very good..!!

[@woah3108]

Holy moly, this is outstanding. Thank you so much!!!!!

[@HumanGoing11]

Awesome summary!

[@virtusoroca7724]

Excelent. Im an in-depth reader of Marx from Brazil. Thats the best online introduction to Das Kapital I've ever seen. Thank you very much for the effort.

[@iliyan-kulishev]

Just found out about these series. Entertaining and educational. So far I have some issues with her understanding of money (money in Marx that is), but I'm definitely watching the other videos soon.

[@Filmsfromthebear]

Thank you so much for this!

[@lorenbooker9486]

Next time someone says "Socialists don't understand basic economics" I'm going to show them this video.

[@deegodarkwulf1228]

They won't care though, they've already dismissed any theory of economy that even remotely left of centre. This video was eye-opening for me, especially with the realization that our modern Capitalist system completely dismisses use-value, which should be how we determine the value of something to a person or society as a whole. It would make everything infinitely more efficient for production, and help us focus on cutting down on labour investment.

[@wearealreadydeadfam8214]

A New Perspective Films Capitalists don’t understand the concept of bribery.

[@iainmrodgers9991]

@@deegodarkwulf1228 In a socialist system would you pay for things by use-value? i.e. What does the concept of use-value do in any practical sense? Marx doesn't explain supply and demand (perhaps he doesn't understand it).

[@iainmrodgers9991]

They (socialists) don't. Page one of a real economics book tells you all about supply and demand. What does Marx's obscure division of different values of commodities help to explain? Nothing. It does nothing to explain how prices are set. Consequently, all attempts at Socialism fail with massive shortages of consumer goods and overproduction of state goods - ie people starve while the state churns out tanks. Also - read The Zima Confession.

[@iainmrodgers9991]

@@ScripterMega I've read his crap already. He, and every Marxist country ever, has no clue when it comes to supply and demand and price mechanism. That's why factories churn out shit to meet targets while people beg for bread in the streets.

[@iaminvincible408]

Helped a lot! Thank you!

[@janlevani8824]

Thank God! Found a way to sort of understand. The book is brutal. Wish me luck 🤞

[@cyka7609]

These videos should be played in all high school economic classes.

[@songxiao5163]

It makes me feel like back to high school😂. I really hope my politics teacher can explain this as organized and logical as you do.

[@rimonpal4306]

Thank you for making such a great video keep up the good work

[@abcdefgh99697]

You're an amazing teacher

[@freebornjohn6876]

I tried reading Capital when I was 15 years old. I think I read about one page and didn't understand a thing! Didn't dare looking at it again until now, some 45 years later, and I'm ready to give it another try. Luckily for me there is this brilliant little youtube vid to help guide me through the first chapter of the book. Looking forward to watching more. Thank you.

[@willaturner114]

Red salute

[@themushroom2130]

lal salaam comrade

[@LeoMes01]

I am 15 and trying to read and I kind of get it I highlight things I think are key ideas. With this I can help look for those things.

[@LeoMes01]

Wait didnt you guys have that red scare thing

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Excellent presentation! 😍

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I can see this channel growing huge

[@agglyusr]

this really helped a lot. thank you.

[@justamoteofdust]

Thank you for this. This is really helpful in understanding Capital. Just started reading it today after being inspired by Bhagat Singh’s writings. ❤️ P.s. this was witty too. You have good sense of humour. 👍

[@sayanmajumdar9492]

Awesome explanation 👌👌👌

[@4umata]

thank you thank you so much for making these!

[@evelynchew9590]

This is brilliant!! Thank you SO much ☺

[@manukaortiz9897]

Thank you so much for producing this content!! It means a lot to me as a woman studying philosophy to see another woman engaging with the discipline. Almost all the philosophy youtubers are men, the western canon is all men, and the majority of my college professors are men. In my three years of undergrad I've only been taught by a woman once and now you through these videos. Not to exaggerate but seeing you present on Das Kapital made me feel represented, it might sound trivial but that's how it made me feel. Keep it up! :D

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Not trivial at all!! In fact this is one of my favorite comments so far. -L

[@klam77]

Glass has additional use value when i fight with my +1! Can throw it to the floor for drama! Very useful. Actually your explanation is very good. I finally get it.

[@easypete9392]

Thank you so much this is so helpful

[@KoruGo]

> a commodity is defined as an object that through its physical properties is able to satisfy some sort of human need and is additionally traded for something else thought of to be of equal value A commodity is not an "object". Service can also be a commodity. Also, commodity should be defined as something produced for exchange.Simply adding "satisfaction of some human need" as necessary quality can be misleading, as it suggests possibility of something that does not qualify as such - i.e. does not satisfy some human need in a way commodities do. For example, one can assume that raw materials are not "real" commodities, as they are not consumed by the immediate buyer. It is good that this bit is clarified later, but it does not excuse this mess. > my hair is tangled - here's commodity for that > I'm hungry - here's the ... here's the commodity for that If pizza is consumed by the immediate producer, it is production for use. I.e. pizza does not function as a commodity (ingredients might). Either way, it is not commodities that are presented here, but use-values (and specifically use-values of non-service variety). > so now Marx begins to lay out his theory of values That's not really *Marx's* theory of values. Marx even made multiple references to preceding economists, > there are three sorts of values for us to talk about > here use value, exchange value, and value There are two values: Use-Value and Exchange-Value. Marx is talking about Exchange-Value when he is talking about "Value". > first use values are the utility of the thing > the utility of a commodity is limited by the physical properties of that object and has no existence outside of that object This is literally *the opposite* of Marxist theory. Use-Value of commodity is determined *subjectively* - Use-Value is different for each person. There is no some special *inherent* - and imperceptible - value. I.e. it does depend on actual quality of goods/service, but it exists only outside of object (in the eye of the beholder, yes). For example: "His commodity possesses *for himself* no immediate use-value. Otherwise, he would not bring it to the market. It has use-value *for others*; but *for himself* its only direct use-value is that of being a depository of exchange-value, and, consequently, a means of exchange.[3] Therefore, he makes up his mind to part with it for commodities whose value in use is of service *to him*. All commodities are non-use-values *for their owners*, and use-values *for their non-owners*. Consequently, they must all change hands. But this change of hands is what constitutes their exchange, and the latter puts them in relation with each other as values, and realises them as values. Hence commodities must be realised as values before they can be realised as use-values." Karl Marx: [Capital Vol.1, Chapter II - Exchange](marxists.catbull.com/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch02.htm), 1867 The whole existence of the concept of Use-Value in Marxist theory is to demonstrate the difference between evaluation of commodities by different people, to account for the *personal* component of the exchange (and to permit Exchange-Value to be purely *social* factor). The idea that objects have inherent value - that cannot be measured, as it exists *independently from actual humans*, but still *somehow* "exists" - is a blatant Idealism. I.e. religious thinking that is the opposite of Marxist materialism that deals with the things as they actually exist. > I know that's a bit confusing Because it's *wrong*. > so let's think for a moment about this glass cup > so the utility of a glass cup for us is I can hold water and we can drink from it and it's able to do so because of the properties of glass > essentially that th water doesn't seep through the class and all over the floor > so those are the physical properties of the glass which allow it to become a utility for us So how the fuck does it become a utility if not through *being useful* to _specific_ humans for _specific_ purpose? If the utility is determined by specific situation, then why would it have some fixed value that "has no existence outside of that object"? > however the only reason it's being a utility because I'm actively taking the glass building up with water and drinking from it BECAUSE YOU _DESIRE_ THE UTILITY IT PROVIDES It doesn't matter what you are *doing* with it. > next let's look at exchange value Please, no. Stop. > exchange value as the value created entirely by humans and influenced by the quantity of the commodity Quality doesn't matter? I'm pretty sure that I'll pay more for commodities of higher quality. Maybe Marx had meant the Exchange-Value (i.e. price) - and not the commodity itself - when he was talking about quantity? No? Are you absolutely certain?

[@michaelsalmon9832]

whatever truthfulness is in this is lost to most people in the bitchiness and smugness

[@mrpoliticalguy5602]

great work!

[@DaBeastPony43]

a m a z i n'

[@emmakorb5990]

thank you so much!! this truly saved my life when it comes to my social theory class. amazing work!

[@karmyogi-2.1]

Great work!

[@malinabusu]

all i can say is thank you and please keep making videos! haha💕

[@alaamuhiddin216]

Thank you!

[@alancarlosms]

lovely, Thank you! What do you mean by "while analizing value don't forget about Use Value and the fundamental connection of commodities to nature as sth separete from exchange value"? What is the fundamental connection of commodities to Nature? regards from Brazil.

[@tomlee6430]

Value is not the attribute of the commodity itself, but the private ownership of the means of production materializes the labor time of the produced commodity in the commodity, rather than directly expressed, so it is expressed as the value of the commodity

[@ClaudioBenassi]

I still think social labor is the real value, but it is not quantifiable. It’s basically tradition.

[@kageedit354]

This is great thank you 🙂

[@j.madelozo8222]

this really saves me the time to read and struggle to understand the whole chapter.

[@morah9538]

Good work on the video.

[@woah3108]

I have a question. Wouldn't the rock and hatchet example show that useful labor "increases" use values, rather than create them? I don't see how useful labor is the "source" of use-values if things CAN have use-values if they don't have useful-labor put into them.

[@anuphalder8839]

love for you from Bangladesh.

[@logann-mackenziefroste563]

Awesome video!

[@karnatakalawschool7732]

Thanks from Bengaluru, India

[@peterparker23974]

Love this video ⚒️🛠️⚒️🛠️

[@tomlee6430]

The several forms of value expressed by Marx are to illustrate the labor time materialized in commodities. Under the public ownership of the means of production, the labor time for producing commodities will be directly expressed as social labor time, so the value of commodities will not exist.

[@gustavofreng]

does anyone know which page/section the quote at 10:31 is on? i wanna highlight it but can’t find it to save my life.

[@RingRoadSessions]

amazing. Thanks!

[@JuanCarlos-lh2my]

Omg I love your video very educational and funny at the same time

[@wmndz510]

Thanks!

[@viveakin]

Well done!

[@bluecafe509]

This is great

[@josublanco4950]

Hi! I'd love to make CC in Spanish and English. Can we get in touch? Maybe activate user submitted closed captions? Beautiful job! EDIT: Nevermind, it's activated. I'll do them :)

[@ChapterbyChapter]

hey! Thanks so much! We will however take this chapter down and upload a new version of it on Monday the 15th (july), so please don't waste your time with this version. We'd love it if you could do it for the one coming out on the 15th though! edit: this version will be up indefinitely, so thanks for your great help!

[@josublanco4950]

@@ChapterbyChapter Okay! I read this too late but no problem. I'll do them on the next version! :)

[@ChapterbyChapter]

@@josublanco4950 thank you, we really apprechiate it!

[@tomlee6430]

Knowing that value is labor is not difficult, the question is why labor is expressed as the value of goods

[@drgentech4930]

I cannot wait to watch this video with my partner, thank you so much comrade! We've both not read Capital yet and I think this will help us a lot. Wish you the best of luck in doing these summaries.

[@rhinorun1977]

Thank god this video was uploaded my old ass german was getting rusty

[@thinkGrey_]

thanks alot

[@stephenhemingway9435]

I cannot find the quote at 7:05 of the video about bringing commodities to market in my edition of Kapital. Can you tell me which edition of Kapital you are reading from and what page your quote is on? I am following your Smith and Marx videos by reading the chapters at the same time and making notes. Thanks.

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Oh shoot!! Turns out that wasn't supposed to be a quote (and is not a quote), but it got confused during post because the clip shows me holding a laptop. Thanks so much for this comment, or it would've gone unnoticed. Fixing it through KZbin editor now, but may take a couple days (or weeks, come on Google...) to update. -L

[@stephenhemingway9435]

@@ChapterbyChapter The good news from everyone's comments is that the community that you are building is paying attention and actively engaging with you and each other. Not just watching the videos passively. Take that as a compliment and an acknowledgement of how much your work is appreciated.

[@ChapterbyChapter]

@@stephenhemingway9435 so true! The feedback has been extremely encouraging to us. We love the engagement, and pointing out errors in the videos is only going to make them better.

[@hmanoff]

Thank you

[@simbhiutiful]

When you said that commodities are looked at for their quantitative characteristics and qualitative characteristics, for the quantitative portion, did you mean in terms of supply and demand? Like if there is more of it, it will be cheaper?

[@monkeymox2544]

By quantitative characteristics, Marx means that the exchange value of a commodity must be measured in definite quantitative terms against some other commodity. One table is worth two chairs, two chairs are worth six vases, or whatever. Usually, the commodity against which we measure exchange is the money commodity. £100 buys you one table, or two chairs, or six vases. This is in contrast to the qualitative element of a commodity, its use-value, which has nothing to do with proportions or definite quantities, but the form of the commodity itself. A table's use-value is different from that of a curtain simply by virtue of the fact that a chair has different properties. These two dual elements of a commodity - qualitative and quantitative, use-value and exchange-value, are what defines a commodity. It must be exchangeable in some proportion with other commodities, and it must have some sort of utility.

[@ScubzMcTalBowling]

Is there any way you could re-upload this series without the background music? Unfortunately, it is impossible for me to concentrate on the words that you are speaking. Thank you for all of your hard work.

[@robertmontgomery6256]

I just finished writing a wordy article on the theory of value! This is so much more, well, graphic and dramatic. Kudos.

[@LosTCloWnS]

😂 good thing I found this tomorrow my final and I couldn't find my professors lecture daym

[@agro.pinpineapple]

Thanks for this simple breakdown. Can you help me understand a bit more? (I have a fun example!) So, if I understand, this first chapter of the first book (volume 1 of Das Kapital) is really just an explanation of terms. Is this somewhat correct? I have a question involving Star Wars Jedi that I'm hoping you can help me understand using ideas in this chapter. The way Jedi use the Force is by utilizing the midi-chlorian in their blood. Every Jedi has a different amount (and we know that Palpatine/Darth Sidious covets Anakin Skywalker because his blood has an obscene amount of midi-chlorian). Anakin is still, simply, a commodity.. just with higher use-value than other Jedi/Force-users. Am I thinking about this the right way?

[@agro.pinpineapple]

Is there a way to discuss this first chapter through the lense of Star Wars / Anakin+Palpatine's relationship ? Thank you!

[@logiconlyzone]

Thanks comrade. :D 🎉

[@nobodyofimportance3922]

One thing I'm curious about is how Marx accounts for market manipulation of price. If price is determined by the exchange value of commodities (or at least correlates with it), and exchange value is determined by congealed social labour in the abstract, what about when corporations artificially inflate the value of a commodity? For example, via advertisement campaigns, in the case of the wedding ring and diamond markets. The amount of labour time necessary to produce these commodities hasn't changed, but the demand for them has as a result of market manipulation. How is this reconciled in Marxian economic theory?

[@hypercortical7772]

What evidence is there that people disregard qualitative aspects of commodities? Wouldn't exchange-value generally find itself affected by use-value through the law of supply and demand?

[@ChapterbyChapter]

Not everyone disregards use-value, but if you're buying something because of its exchange-value you generally don't care about its use-value. It makes no difference to the merchant if he/she sells screwdrivers or pastries as long as the money (exchange-value) is right. Prices (exchange-values) are according to Marx at the equilibrium primarily determined by socially necessary labor-time (explained further in chapter 2&3), that's an area where he departs from classical economists, who say they're determined by supply and demand.

[@iainmrodgers9991]

@@ChapterbyChapter Because proper economists describe everything differently. Merchants who buy or sell try to do so at a margin (to pay for their own effort). They may sell at a profit, they may have to sell at a loss. Marx is completely wrong in the way he describes economics.

[@Diamat1917]

@@iainmrodgers9991 *You've never read anything what Marx wrote. Marx was 100% right in th e way he describes economics*

[@Diamat1917]

@@ChapterbyChapter *In general when you see people talking about supply and demand bullshit you can be 100% sure they know nothing about Marxian economics and never even had the Capital in their hands. Supply and demand does not explain anything and it is completely useless. Supply and demand cannot explain why a car cost so much more than a shirt. Prof. David Harvey:* kzbin.info/www/bejne/pGbZpmeDpb6ai9E

[@iainmrodgers9991]

@@Diamat1917 I'm reading Das Kapital for the second time. I've read other things Marx wrote as well as analysis by others. Marx has nothing to offer in economics.