Iowa -- more Carolina Bays

[@JamesSBaker-de6sd]

A brilliant summation of your years of investigation. Your video production technique is very masterful. Thank you for your efforts on our behalf.

[@matthewgauthier7251]

Thank you. What an amazing tool LIDAR is proving to be in the advancement of science and archaeology. And im always pleased to get these gems. Fascinating. Thank you for your work.

[@استاذدانيال]

Mr Zamora, I'm extremely interested in your work, having discovered it a few years ago. I often use the bibliograpic material that you include to get the articles that you reference. Thank you for continuing to post videos with new evidence.

[@stevenarrasmith]

I was at the South Carolina State Museum this week and noticed a sign that said “The origin of the Carolina Bays is unknown.” That will need to be corrected.

[@wkmac2]

I was born in NC in the mid 50's and raised there into the early 70's and of the Bays but not in the context presented here. Even went swimming a number of times in a Bay not knowing for decades what it was. I first learned about the Carolina Bays on the off chance of seeing a YT video by Randall Carlson where he spoke on the topic. Other conclusions of his on other topics aside, his discussion and his own investigations on both the Carolina Bays and the Ice Sheet Impact Hypothesis were so fascinating, wife and I started looking ourselves including taking trips to known impact craters in the eastern US to see with our own eyes. Really appreciate what you bring to the discussion with this video and I just subscribed so I can check out more. Thank you sir.

[@andymccracken4046]

I'm pleased to hear that Austin's research was helpful !!

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Austin has found several bays that point to the Nastapoka Arc by Hudson Bay.

[@andymccracken4046]

@@Antonio_Zamora This is really good, looks like progress, with more and more details becoming clear now.

[@Chuck8541]

As the bays are being lost to time, has there been any unrelated nationwide LIDAR scanning that we can keep for posterity, like the ones you use in your research? Or even global LIDAR scans by satelllites? The different convergence points from the bays could be explained by a chain of extraterrestrial meteor impacts - like those of the Shoemaker-Levy comet that struck Jupiter. Or possibly a large meteor that had an airburst, and the pieces were still large enough to do the damage which resulted in the bays we see today.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The idea of the disintegrating comet was published by Eyton and Parkhurst . See cintos.org/CarolinaBays/index.html

[@steveschunk5702]

That Cintos link differs greatly from your theory, and I saw no mention of breakup (multiple primary impacts). I’ll mention that SL9 likely broke apart 2 years before impact when it passed by Jupiter, so the impacts were widely spaced (Jupiter’s rotation is also faster). Earth’s Roche limit is about 3 Earth radii, so breakup might start about 15 minutes before impact. Glad to see that these new ellipses fit your theory.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@steveschunk5702 interesting. i'm a little rusty on my mathematics--what is the maximum likely distance on the earth's surface the fragment impacts could be spaced apart if the comet started to breakup 15 minutes prior to impact?

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

​@@steveschunk5702 assuming that a comet was traveling around 25 miles/second (90,000 mph) toward earth, that it began to break up into two fragments around 15 minutes from Earth, and that the fragments drifted just one degree apart, that gives a maximum distance of approximately 400 miles between the two impacts on Earth's surface.

[@susanyoung6579]

Great video!! Thank you for all your hard work!

[@SasquatchBioacoustic]

You're building a mountain of evidence for your theory. Keep up the good work.

[@---Dana----]

Bravo! The Iceman cometh and he's bringing the evidence! ❤

[@lkhfun6575]

Hi Antonio. Well, the plot thickens, as they say. Thank you for the exceptional work!

[@bellalunaroses]

Thanks. The larger (western) Grafton structure appears to have a smaller, VERY faint ellipse in the south-central portion. The eastern Grafton structure has several arcs that may be too short to be reliably analyzed for elliptical shape.🦖

[@Antonio_Zamora]

There seems to be an artifact in the center of the bay, but it could be related to the farming activity.

[@bellalunaroses]

We may be referring to different features. Nonetheless, this is convincing evidence for degradation by farming.🦖@@Antonio_Zamora

[@MontréalinSpring]

Thanks for examining so many of the craters! I think you have proved there were a-lot of big rocks the hit the earth all over the planet! The ice bomb secondary craters were a gift except for the larger creatures. Hope we find some of the rocks in the big lakes!

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

Thank you for the mention, Antonio. I hope the data I found has been helpful to your theory. I have way more data points if you're interested. Nice work.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

I hope that sometime in the future professional geologists will start looking at the Carolina Bays in the way that you do.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@Antonio_Zamora Well, I do have to say that in comparison to what I've found recently, my old data in the MidAtlantic was very questionable because the features were obscured by the bay-finder/orientation program files. I didn't know how to turn it off for the longest time, but once I figured it out, it was a game-changer seeing the LiDAR unobstructed. It confirmed my findings in the Upper Midwest.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@Antonio_Zamora For what it's worth, I compiled a list of "non-typically orienting" elliptical bays in the MidAtlantic for your review. Sent you an email.

[@rapauli]

A major paleo catastrophism event

[@slickwillie3376]

This is fascinating!

[@worldbridger9]

great video Antonio, as always! te has rifado!! saludos!

[@danoneill2846]

Many Thanks

[@d.t.4523]

Thank you, keep working.

[@bryanodriscoll2123]

Is it possible that there were other impacts elsewhere on earth at the same time as the impacts on the Laurentide Ice Sheet? Perhaps the LIDAR could be used to see if there are any CB structures in different parts of the Northern hemisphere, Russia for example. The megafaunal extinction occurred all over and not just in North America.

[@stivosaurus]

This is an interesting question. We tend to think of meteors and comets as a single big chunk of rock or ice. But recently we have explored asteroids that were basically big flying gravel pits. We watched comet Shoemaker Levy 9 break into something like 21 chunks before colliding with Jupiter. Every year we see meteor showers from the remains of previous comets and such. So yes, it seems possible to me that there could be multiple impacts. Especially if the Earth's orbit repeatedly passes through the debris stream before all the big chunks get hoovered up. I recall reading about a city in Syria that was destroyed around the time of the Younger Dryas, but I do not remember the name. Pity we don't have a time machine so we could sort out these historical events.

[@bryanodriscoll2123]

It's possible that there were impacts on the Scandinavian ice sheet at the same time. Clearly, the most devastating effects were felt in North America but there would have been world wide consequences. The LIDAR is a wonderful tool to help in the search.@@stivosaurus

[@lectrikdog]

LIDAR Laser Interferometer Detection And Ranging

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Light Detection and Ranging is good enough for NOAA: oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/lidar.html

[@stivosaurus]

Two separate measuring techniques. LIDAR uses the timing of a reflected pulse to determine distance. Interferometry uses wave interference.

[@slickwillie3376]

He right.

[@rh5563]

Brother, an 8 year old can look at the map with azimuth lines drawn and see that your observation, I won’t call it a theory anymore, is TRUTH. 👍👍👍

[@timkruse4548]

Where does the sand come from, geologically speaking? Seems it was already there when the ice impacted.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

The areas most likely to form these features have sandy soil.

[@DavidGrantCA]

Sandman!

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The impact basins are formed on wet sandy soil that can be liquefied by the seismic vibrations of the impacts. The overturned flaps that form around the inclined conical cavities are washed by rain over many centuries, leaving only a sandy rim around the shallow elliptical basins.

[@timkruse4548]

I understand that part. What I was asking was how did the sand get there in the first place? Thank you for the replies.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@timkruse4548 sand is formed by the erosion of hard rock. soil is composed of various proportions of sand, silt, or clay. the soils where bays formed are high in sand content.

[@oddsman01]

Anyone see or know about a video demonstration of predominate wind patterns creating bay-like patterns on a small scale? A larger model would be nice too, but can it be done on a smaller scale at least?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

This video discusses models for the Carolina Bays: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGjXq6xqqKp1rpY

[@steveschunk5702]

Aeolian (wind) erosion can produce depressions with downwind dune arcs, called ‘deflation basins’ or ‘blowouts’, but to me the ‘bays’ are a different animal (and don’t move). I wonder what their rims were like when they were fresh.

[@slickwillie3376]

I was just wondering, have the trajectories been corrected for the Coriolis force? If not, perhaps it was one impact. I don't think it was one impact, but just checking.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Yes, the Coriolis effect is discussed here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q5eyqnese9hlr8U

[@stevenarrasmith]

In addition to firmly bracketing the date of the impact(s), I think the orientation of the Grafton bay will be very useful. It is oriented almost exactly east-west so effectively no Coriolis correction; this is the latitude of one of the impacts. Variations in flight time would result in variations in the longitude of the impact but not the latitude. For the vast majority of bays with oblique orientations variations in flight time result in variations in latitude and longitude with Coriolis corrections thrown in. Perhaps the Grafton latitude could be a ley line to correct the convergence estimates of other flight paths.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

@stevenarrasmith7540 You made a good observation, but there seem to be multiple convergence points at different latitudes.

[@stevenarrasmith]

@@Antonio_Zamora Hello Antonio. Have you heard about the massive sinkholes discovered this year by citizen scientists on the bottom of Lake Michigan just east of Belgium, Wisconsin? Just happens to be directly east of Grafton Iowa and on the line you extended in your video. It could be completely unrelated, but I'm sure we have all assumed an impactor would have some of effect on the bedrock under the glacier ice that one could hope was discoverable if it was not completely scrubbed away by the subsequent deluge. (search Lake Michigan sinkholes)

[@bardmadsen6956]

That was very compelling with a lot of examples up against half baked ideas, yet silence and never happened. It is an aversion to space falls of any kind. I have the same problem, I can go on and on with examples that the snake symbol is about flying serpents and all they can muster is its skin sloughs off and is a regeneration of the soul, life giving, etc. completely diametric to destruction from above. It is strange, twenty examples versus .5, let's go with the underdog! This is probably what Tesla felt like with polyphase alternating current.

[@phillipkerr895]

Actually, these features are not impact craters. There are a vast number of other geomorphic processes that can form round shapes on the landscape. These are pingo scars and there are around 20 within 10 miles of the two shown. The shapes of the other depressions do not have a uniform orientation. It is confusing why this video did not show the other features, but I suspect it is because the random orientation does not fit in with the impact hypothesis.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@phillipkerr895 the lack of uniform orientation is not necessarily an invalidating critique because that relies on the assumption that there was only one impactor.

[@RobertMStahl]

Small point, but, R a11 the bays in any 1 area X-actly the same elevation?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The bays that are on uneven terrain get distorted by flow of material downhill after the cavity is made. kzbin.info/www/bejne/haLGc6htfpyniq8

[@RobertMStahl]

@@Antonio_Zamora can you measure the degree of viscous relaxation horizontally, over the larger, but, more uniform areas?

[@herbicidal1]

An obvious thought but one I hadn't considered until now. The lack of impact basins in Canada would be consistent with the ice sheet covering the probable impact points.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

LiDAR of Canada, especially Newfoundland and Labrador, would be very insightful.

[@man_at_the_end_of_time]

​@@AustinKoleCarlisledrumlins tracking under glacial water flow due to great impacts are interesting in areas in the States in the North East per Lidar.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@man_at_the_end_of_time yeah upper michigan, wisconsin, and minnesota are good places to look, as well!

[@kingry8841]

Could those be from Buffalo rolling in the mud?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

People have suggested fish nests and beaver ponds, but buffalo wallows seems possible. kzbin.info/www/bejne/fXOxhHWqfqd-qLs

[@deepsouthsailor]

But maybe they're a result of Godzilla fighting Kong? But seriously - shouldn't we be able to find geological evidence near any of these bays and basins for the earthquakes or related liquefaction cause by the earthquakes that you've calculated and proposed to be tied to these impacts?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The fact that the centers of the Carolina Bays are virtually flat is evidence of powerful seismic tremors and viscous relaxation.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

Antonio, are you aware of any LiDAR of Canada?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

canadiangis.com/free-canada-lidar-data.php

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@Antonio_Zamora thanks, but I have no idea how to convert those files into google earth.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

​@@AustinKoleCarlisleIn all my videos, I always give credit to the LiDAR visualization tool by Michael Davias. He has spent a lot of time and resources to merge various sources of LiDAR with Google Earth. The process to convert the data is computer intensive. He spends his own money to maintain the database that we access when we use the visualization tool. I am just glad to have what is available.

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@Antonio_Zamora yes, what an invaluable resource he has provided. i can't imagine the time it took to compile that data.

[@scottowens1535]

👍 Yes Sir

[@sasqetshenkley1190]

👍🏼

[@opieshomeshop]

*_The problem is that history is decided individually based on personal belief rather than actual facts. I agree there was an impact, but past that everything you have come up with is theory based on what you personally believe to be true. This is why we will never have the truth in history and will never actually know what really happened as a consensus._*

[@steveschunk5702]

I think we are getting closer to the truth of the past, and it includes things like supernovae, moving continents, dinosaurs, ice ages, …, that were hardly imagined just a few centuries ago.

[@TheNickCrank]

no sound on this one antonio

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The sound is OK. Make sure that your sound is not diverted to the earphones or other devices.

[@SasquatchBioacoustic]

Sounds fine to me.

[@phillipkerr895]

I must disagree with this interpretation. The features near Grafton, Iowa are not impact features. They are pingo scars - depressions formed as the ice melts out of a pingo - formed in glacial diamicton that is 30-40 ka. This was not covered by ice during the LGM and was in periglacial conditions during this interval. There are more 20 depressions within 10 miles of the two shown in the video, as are numerous sinkholes. Devonian bedrock is shallow in this area which is the cause of sinkholes and also pingos. As the permafrost started to form from the surface down, water was pulled from the fractured bedrock and formed a large ice lens. Why do you post videos that call any semi-elliptical depression an impact? There are a myriad of other geomorphic processes that can create these shapes, so maybe it would be a good idea to consider other alternative hypothesis?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

If you can explain why these features have mathematically elliptical geometry and raised rims, a different hypothesis could be considered. However, pingos are mounds and not basins, so your characterization is incorrect. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo

[@phillipkerr895]

@@Antonio_Zamorathanks for the response. However, I did not call them pingos. The ice melted leaving a depression, so they are pingo scars. The 4 pingo scars you show in the cover image in the video do not have simliar elliptical geometry. Nor do the 20 other features in the area. Who ever gave you this data is wrong :(

[@Antonio_Zamora]

@@phillipkerr895 Phillip, thank you for your comment. I realize that in Iowa there are many kettle lakes that originated from glacial processes. My videos try to identify elliptical geological features that could have originated as penetration funnels from impacts of glacier ice chunks. Also, I try to clarify the misconception that the Carolina Bays originated from thermokarst by pointing out their distinguishing features as discussed in this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/lYHbYqCOgbmti6c

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

@@phillipkerr895 i'm used to being wrong, but that's not a bad thing. we learn more from being wrong than we do being right.