Catastrophe and Cartography - Ice Age Floods Visualized

Since we are covering numerous controversial topics in this video, I wanted to be sure and include lots of links for you to do your own research on. One of the most important points to keep in mind though, is that water and erosion are scale-invariant. In other words we can see the same shapes and patterns, but on radically different scales. The small current ripples that you see along the creek can be found at West Bar Ripples in Washington, but these are orders-of-magnitude larger!
Here's the link for the USGS National Map Viewer. Remember, you want the "3DEP - Elevation Tinted Hillshade" filter:
(Be sure to right-click and "Open in New Tab" for each link below)
apps.nationalmap.gov/viewer/
Randall Carlson KZbin links:
Drumlins:
• Ep047 DRUMLINS - Flow-... - Ep. 47 with Jerome Lesemann
• Ep067 Interpreting Sub... - Ep. 67 with Jerome Lesemann
• Ep053 Ontario Impact? ... - Ep. 53 Finger Lakes
Back-Floods:
• Ep074- Misplaced Clark... - Ep. 74 Opposite Flows
• Ep065 Channeled Scabla... - Ep. 65 Back-Floods
Ice Dams:
• Ep072 Glaciers' Big DA... - Ep. 72 Glacier Dam Problems
• Ep071 Pressure: Enemy ... - Ep. 71 Pressure & Glacial Dams
• Ep070 Immense Ice Dam ... - Ep. 70 Immense Ice Dam
• Ep068 Problematic Miss... - Ep. 68 Missoula Ice Dam
Glacial Lake Agassiz:
• Younger Dryas - Lake A... - Antonio Zamora
Flood videos:
• Making our Dry Falls a... - Dry Falls Animation
• Monstrous Flash Flood ... - Johnson Canyon Flash Flood
• Ice Flow/Jam Footage - Ice Flow/Jam Footage
• Avoca, PA - Water rush... - Water Rushes back
Randall Trip Videos:
• Randall Carlson | SCAB... - Channeled Scablands / AncientPresence
• Exploring Ancient Amer... - Southwest trip / SpencerVybes
• Uncovering Atlantis wi... - Scablands / SpencerVybes
Websites:
cometresearchgroup.org/
www.scirp.org/journal/paperin...
geocosmicrex.com/holocene-myst...
phys.org/news/2017-06-collaps...
www.glaciallakemissoula.org/t...
eos.org/features/dont-call-it...
cosmictusk.com/younger-dryas-...

[@joeshifvon7354]

Science moves forward thanks to debate... so here is where I will add to this conversation as a geologist. Basalt is not necessarily a hard rock because it is not composed of hard minerals like quartz and alkali feldspar. Additionally, those large basaltic eruptions cooled quickly into formations that are columnar, hence the term columnar basalt. This would induce regular weaknesses to the rock on a regional scale similar to jointing allowing easier weathering and subsequent erosion. Additionally, as a fun fact, there is evidence that Lake Agassiz also had numerous outburst floods towards the east into the Atlantic, which interrupted the thermohaline cycle of the ocean and potentially cooled the planet.

[@xtremelemon8612]

the interruption of the oceanic currents is really only speculation, and also it cant really explain all the heinrich events during the ice age neither which caused brutal temperature changes globally too without flooding the ocean.

[@jimofaotearoa3636]

"Science moves forward thanks to debate" ... clearly you were involved with science back in the olde days when science encouraged debate but those days are over... in fact if you turn up to a modern university and you have any different thoughts to the current university groupthink you will be beaten by students who have been instructed by Professors to "remove" the sexist racist whatever-ist alt-thinker and "get this hate speech off our campus". If you do not believe what the group believes you won't even attend a lecture let alone present one. Pretty soon there will only be one politicly correct lecture to give and the students will literally beat you to death if you haven't got it memorized. Science has always advanced one death at a time but now the kids tell themselves that "feelings" are the true path to knowledge. I have a bad feeling about this but I don't feel enlightened any.

[@scottpike9009]

Basalt, hard or not, was eroded to an extent not seen in recent times. And yes, multiple times.

[@xtremelemon8612]

@@scottpike9009 and also that ice age dam burst theory has been shown to be impossible already anyway

[@strawbrryfld1]

Interesting points. I like the cooling planet addition, I think these pieces fit together....

[@dana102083]

I didn't appreciate as a child that I grew up on the edge of Lake Agassiz in Canada. I picked indigenous artifacts from our garden for fun, my dad has quite a collection of different tools and arrows. I could never imagine the true scale of these events and the adaptations to survive that climate; it's unimaginable. I wish I could travel more to see some of these areas!

[@daveortwine2641]

I wouldnt tell a lot of people about your dad having those items. Certain groups will want to have them confiscated.

[@daveortwine2641]

But thats very cool!

[@Upgraydez]

I live in the bottom of Lake Agassiz, by Lake Winnipeg. It's crazy to think of all the water and ice that was sitting on top of the land we're on. Flat lake bottom now.

[@fuzzpope]

More, please. Most ppl have literally no idea this event occurred. Excellent upload.

[@daveortwine2641]

Many "scientists" (propagandists) are trying everything they can to silence RC, GH and any others who are bringing this to the publics knowledge. It basically exposes the bs narrative the Climate change global warming nuts are trying to spread. Pretty much proving they are intentionally over blowing the effect we have on the climate.

[@johncoppinger2241]

I've lived all my life in these areas, (Eastern WA, in the channeled scablands) and for the longest time I really didn't like, enjoy, or appreciate the geography around me. Learning about the Missoula Floods and Randall Carlson etc. it's really given me a humongous new appreciation for the geography I live around and take for granted. Learning that the MASSIVE ripples in the landscape were equivalent to the ripples in sand you see on an ocean beach was a mindf*@k. The "ripples" in the scablands are 10s of meters in width and often 10-20 meters in height. (estimations, I am not an expert.) Very good quality video, thanks Mr. Zelinka.

[@slyguythreeonetwonine3172]

"Lives in the US" "Uses Metric" Honestly, I don't believe you. Nobody, and I do mean nobody in the US visualizes in metric.

[@Horneycorn]

Ah, Mericans, amazing folk!

[@TonyTrupp]

Randall Carlson is way way off on his understanding of these floods. He claims the scablands were caused primarily through a single flood during the younger dryas. The reality is that there were over 40 massive floods, beginning much much earlier, not corresponding only with the younger dryas. There are clear sentiment layers that were deposited in the various floods. These have been dated using various methods, so we know they’re of various ages. Some even have ash layers between them from prior mt saint helens eruptions and from other volcanos, which occurred well before the younger dryas. Carlson’s pet theories about these floods are just plain wrong.

[@williamabbott9437]

@@TonyTrupp The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shutting down was a major contributing factor. Along with simultaneous eruptions of virtually all of the super volcanoes and volcanos blocking out the Sun. Along with a great release of internal heat, that did/will get hot enough to melt the mantle, unlock the continents. This would melt all the ice, cause flooding, then immediately following an ice age/glacial period. All caused by Geomagnetic Reversal or Geomagnetic Excursion. Which is caused by the Sun on a 6,000/12,000/24,000 cycles of Geomagnetic Excursion and an approximate 450,000 cycle of Geomagnetic Reversal, though it has been 780,000 since our last one. Rapid heating during, rapid cooling following. Like with the Gothenburg Excursion and the following Younger Dryas, only with a full Chron Reversal the effects with be much more severe, and the Geomagnetic Poles will flip and the Geographic Poles will greatly shift. This is also why the Earth's rotation is speeding up, and the inner core's rotation is speeding up. Which is what will cause great earthquakes and will be the catalyst for the worldwide simultaneous volcanic eruptions because of the increased outer core pressure increases that will push magma. So seek GOD, or High Elevation in a mountain, or both?

[@spanqueluv9er]

@@williamabbott9437 You need serious medical intervention for your delusions.🤷‍♂️

[@brandonrosburg5701]

Ice age geology, glacial drift and subsequent flooding happen to be one of my favorite things to study and read about. As I live in the eastern part of Iowa, we get to see both aspects of the driftless region which is vastly different from the glacial drift area. The driftless is, if you know where to look is absolutely breath taking and serene..

[@sgtstr3am785]

Been looking at the hills in Sioux City very differently now

[@zitools]

End moraines in east central Illinois my man. Maps, plate tectonics, and geological time make me lose my shit. Check out professor Nick zentner (sp?) From central Washington university. He's a natural educator, and goes over all this.

[@victorcaldwell2900]

@@zitools randal carlson. Opened my eyes to some crazy stuff. The history we are taught, is not the way it went down...

[@brandonrosburg5701]

@@victorcaldwell2900 do you have specific links or videos to watch from Randal carlson?

[@mattheww.6232]

I think it's interesting because this is likely the period responsible for ancient religions telling of massive floods and the stories of Atlantis. It must have been wild seeing the Mississippi flood several hundred feet and carve the soon to be cliffs around Alton, IL.

[@tomboyd7109]

I saw a major flood event near Moab Utah in 2003. It was truly awe inspiring. We had to delay our canoe trip by 3 days until the water went back down. We could see 12 each 1000 foot tall waterfalls from our location alone. It really helped my visualization of that kind of flood event.

[@neuromercy]

Excellent video. Thank you for sharing. I live about 15 miles downstream from Wallula gap in Hermiston, OR and have been around these features for 50 years, but Randal Carlson has really opened my eyes to just how young this landscape is, and the amazing events that went into carving it from the millions of years of lava flows. Thank you for putting this together.

[@roxannesumners5039]

Yes, yes, Peter, more like this! I lived in Willamette Valley for 25 years, backpacked for weeks in the North Cascades, perused the Scablands, now live in SW Colorado. I cooked for a dig in Eastern Oregon, so everything you & Randall (& crew) put out I devour! Thanks for what you do 👍🌈🥸💃

[@greenbird777]

I live at the north end of the Willamette Valley in Oregon. On the east side of the valley, there's a cliff you can stand on & see the whole valley (though Eugene is almost not visible) & it's amazing. All the little hills in the valley are tear drop shaped, rounded ends are on the north sides, pointed ends are on the south sides - you can SEE what direction the water went & how crazy strong & fast the flow must have been. There are also various huge piles of rocks & soil down around Eugene; again, you can almost see the water first slamming into the hills there, then sloshing back & forth against them over & over. It was very cool to see that animation of the flood waters - I hope someday someone animates the whole flood, start to finish.

[@DemoDick1]

I grew up in the Bitterroot. The Western mountain range is stereotypical American Rocky Mountains. Huge, dramatic rocky peaks and sheer cliffs. The Eastern range features gently rolling hills of soft, sandy earth. I looked at those mountains every day for decades. And I always wondered what the hell could have scooped all that soft soil right off the rocky peaks to the west? The first time I listened to Carlson I recall simply nodding my head and saying “Of course he’s right...” as I imagined the landscape of my home. Turns out I may have grown up right where the damn thing ended up. LOL.

[@HANKTHEDANKEST]

@@DemoDick1 Funny to think that this picture of serene tranquility from your youth was, just a short while ago (geologically-speaking), a scene of TOTAL destruction. A vastly-upscaled child's sandcastle, toppled by the wake of a passing speedboat.

[@DemoDick1]

@@HANKTHEDANKEST Exactly. It’s beautiful until you look closely. Then it’s beautiful, and terrifying.

[@MelodicDG2]

No way?!?! I've been to that region so many times and I've never noticed, that's sososososo fascinating to think about

[@PoochieCollins]

@green bird : do you mean the SOUTH end of Willamette Valley? Eugene's at roughly the bottom of it.

[@conniead5206]

Since you are in Eastern Washington you might want to look at the Geology videos and video classes done by Nick Zentner. You used the flood video produced for PBS and him. He references field experts a lot and presents new theories a lot.

[@churlburt8485]

and did not acknowledge whose video he was using.

[@BlueMtsDreamer]

Nick zentner is the best Eastern Washington geologist in the whole country.. (edit) yeah I know he's in "central" Washington, but the west siders lump it all together, right? jmpo

[@M1ster.Fr3sh]

Or Randall Carlson.

[@brianfergus839]

He’s in western Washington fwiw

[@BudKnocka]

Damn right Hit up the Zentner!

[@sirlight4954]

4:05 What a perfect use of Outer Wilds music. Like a force of nature, the flood is as unstoppable as a system-wide supernova

[@piapetroni5297]

I was about to comment the same. Very Outer Wilds feeling situation

[@johnnyrocketed2225]

Absolutely awesome video!! I was at Craters of the Moon 20yrs ago on a cross country trip. Had to be one of the coolest things I’ve ever seen. I love learning this kinda stuff. I can see myself spending hours and hours on that website you were in. Thanks again for your hard work!

[@heatherkitching780]

I've been eagerly waiting for someone to create a visualization of the scabland floods since I met Randall Carlson's work 2 years ago! THANK YOU!!! So satisfying!

[@engineerinhickorystripehat9475]

You met it , it sorta ran over me .

[@Kalroy3936]

Randall tends to ignore the dating of the last floods being 14-15000 years ago. saying it happened at 12900. the impact didn't cause the Missoula floods. we know when they happened.

[@steveballzack1409]

@@Kalroy3936 How do you know when?

[@alexanderren1097]

@@Kalroy3936 False. Randall Carson has talked about Melt Water Pulse 1A (14 - 15 KYA) many times during his podcast series. Also, those were NOT the last major floods. There were comparable floods around 12.9KYA and again around 11.6KYA along with additional "lesser" but still significant floods in between

[@Kalroy3936]

@@steveballzack1409 watch Nick Zentner. he has a youtube channel. professor at Central Wa University. we know when because of volcanic ash layers, ie mt. St. Helens. we can date those eruptions from undisturbed areas and match the compositon of the ash.

[@clockworkgreen1363]

I loved this topic during my time as a Geology student in Washington. We took field trips out to the Missoula flood plains to observe the jaw-dropping effects, the massive boulders rolled along like pebbles in a fast-moving river. There are some similar features in lower Baja. San Diego to Cabo is an excellent road trip for Geology buffs out there!

[@timf3099]

This is really interesting! I've lived and traveled in all these areas with my geologist professor father, but have never seen this type of comprehensive overview. Awesome.

[@brianesbaugh6897]

Very cool presentation. Really quite remarkable that, geologically speaking, it was only yesterday that things were and looked completely different than they do today with those massive ice sheets. And yeah, Randall Carlson‘s work on this is superb

[@syncmaster915n]

There was a Nova episode which documents this Lake Missola flood many moons a go. Also, the guy who first proposed this flooding event was not believed by the academics until a couple of decades later.

[@RoxnDox]

J. Harlan Bretz, who spent years exploring and mapping out the Columbia Plateau and the coulees formed by the floods, and the multitude of sedimentary deposits left behind.

[@Islander2112]

Long Island, New York, is geographical time stamp of the initial decline of the Laurentide Ice Sheet by the South Fork, and the return of the ice during the Younger Dryas as witness the Noth Fork, and all the north shore sand cliffs and giant boulders strewn about. Excellent video, subbed!

[@tapalmer99]

We in Connecticut are well aware of the results of that retreating ice sheet that's why there's so many stone walls in Connecticut every piece of land here within 50 miles of the coast is strewn you cannot put a garden in without getting wheelbarrows filled with rocks many of which started out up in Canada

[@tapalmer99]

Regarding the flat area by Prince George if he ever take a footlong piece of 2x4 put it on the ground hit it with a hammer you're going to leave a depression behind the hammers the comet the board is the ice sheet and you can see the depression that it leaves without any Mark of the hammer itself

[@Jarmezrocks]

How does an ice sheet existing in prehistory get a name?

[@HellsCowBoy666]

@@Jarmezrocks they name it by geographic feature. Laurentide because it blasted out down the St Laurence river into the ocean.

[@judd0112]

@@tapalmer99 also the ice sheet was who really knows 1-2 miles thick and all that weight that was resting on the northern parts for however many years when it melted that land sprang up and apparently it still is on some places. That would have been interesting to document after the raging waters went through the decompression northern US AND Canada. That situation could have masked the subtle traces of that impact that most likely hit the ice sheet

[@bazpearce9993]

Nice video. I'm from Northern England, and we have lots of similar geology but on smaller scales. I learned about them way back in high school geology class in the late eighties. Nick Zentner is also popular on YT. His live lectures are fun to take part in.

[@andrub23]

Indeed. I found a rock near Bridgend in Wales that looked EXACTLY like the "meteorite" shown here.

[@davidcadman4468]

Joined you. Excellent short video describing the flooding of North America 13,000 years ago. Born in East Coast England, now I'm in Central Ontario Canada. Like you, the history of the geography of the areas I have lived in played a big part in my growing up. Cheers.

[@ZebaKnight]

I saw an animated film of the scabland mega-floods several years ago. It was beautifully done. Water and ice carved the landscape in astonishing ways. Early-explorers and geologists were at a loss to explain features that they saw as distinct, not interrelated. Aerial photography helped prove that they were caused by repeated mega-floods. Thanks for this beautifully made look at a fascinating topic.

[@suzanneoconnell6741]

Could you tell me where you saw the animated film? I'd like to have it to show in class.

[@ZebaKnight]

@@suzanneoconnell6741 I wish I could! I've looked for it a few times, but I never could find it again. It clearly showed _how_ water (and the rock, debris, and ice it carried) carved and drilled the landscape as it did. I think that "scablands" was in the title of the film. I just searched using that, "Missoula" (because of the giant lake there), "flood", "megaflood", "ice age", "ice dam" and "Bonneville". I found some relevant videos, but unfortunately, not the animated film I first saw.

[@JusNoBS420]

@@suzanneoconnell6741 I also saw a great video about the scablands ice age floods. It’s from the PBS DIGITAL guys I believe it had Hank Green in it. It’s not long and very educational while not being dry like this video. Perfect for the classroom. They have many channels but if I find it I’ll come back to your comment and post the link

[@williamabbott9437]

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shutting down was a major contributing factor. Along with simultaneous eruptions of virtually all of the super volcanoes and volcanos blocking out the Sun. Along with a great release of internal heat. This would melt all the ice, cause flooding, then immediately following an ice age/glacial period. All caused by Geomagnetic Reversal or Geomagnetic Excursion. Which is caused by the Sun on a 6,000/12,000/24,000 cycles of Geomagnetic Excursion and an approximate 450,000 cycle of Geomagnetic Reversal, though it has been 780,000 since our last one. Rapid heating during, rapid cooling following. Like with the Gothenburg Excursion and the following Younger Dryas, only with a full Chron Reversal the effects with be much more severe, and the Geomagnetic Poles will flip and the Geographic Poles will greatly shift. This is also why the Earth's rotation is speeding up, and the inner core's rotation is speeding up. Which is what will cause great earthquakes and will be the catalyst for the worldwide simultaneous volcanic eruptions because of the increased outer core pressure increases that will push magma. So seek GOD, or High Elevation in a mountain, or both?

[@ZebaKnight]

@@williamabbott9437 Yikes! I never heard or read about most of what you mention. I know that the Earth's magnetic field has reversed in the past, and there is a possible danger of the Atlantic Gulf Stream slowing/halting due to the warming oceans (that will be devastating, if it happens).

[@Helcarexe26]

Thanks for sharing this overview of the late Ice Age mechanics. As a geologist myself I've told people about the events that you shown in the video and they just scoff at me as no way that happened. The last Ice Age glacier stopped right where my house is in Des Moines Iowa and left a nice assortment of Canadian rocks and boulders. Most of the rivers in the midwest were formed during this time period.

[@BrianZinchuk]

I talk to a lot of geologists, and behind closed doors, all but one say that anthropogenic climate change is bull. The climate is ALWAYS changing. What are your thoughts?

[@frostedpanda]

When do we get our rocks back?

[@RoxnDox]

@@BrianZinchuk Also a geologist - but one who absolutely believes anthropogenic climate change is NOT a bunch of bull. Certainly the climate has always changed, BUT it has never (in the last few hundred million years at least) undergone change at the rate it has done in the last couple of hundred years. Humanity’s effects on the planet started off incredibly small, but as the population grew and we started cutting down more and more trees to burn in our campfires, they started adding up. Over time, humans stripped the Sahara and much of Northern Africa of its forests, changing the regional climate. We started digging up coal and burning it in the rising number of cities. We burned it to power the factories making stuff people kept inventing, and then more demand for more stuff for more people, in an ever increasing spiral. Then we added that lovely, convenient new fuel called oil, so we kept inventing new ways to burn it and make stuff and move it around. All that crap is now going into the air, and yeah it’s having plenty of effects. Yes, the planet has gotten plenty warm before, we are evolved as a product of a fairly long cool era of glacial and interglacial periods. Just because the ‘normal’ condition of the planet is warmer than today’s climate, doesn’t mean we are going to like it. The biosphere is adapted to present conditions. Some species will adapt to warmer temps. Many will not. Some will adapt by migrating to higher elevations or higher latitudes. Many can’t do so, limited by geographical barriers or speed of reproduction. Humans have built cities and ports and vast numbers of people live just barely above sea level. As the ice continues to melt at the poles and in our mountains, the seas *will* continue to rise. If we don’t accept that change is happening and a damn sight faster than ever before in our history, civilization is going to really really screwed. So your other geologists are not looking at the right data, I’m afraid.

[@edmoran869]

@@BrianZinchuk I personally have to ask how these so called experts can predict what the weather is going to be like, down to a fraction of a degree 30 years into the future, when they can't even get it right a week down the road. And at the same time, the same people that started this whole global warming crap, before it became climate change, and said that the costal regions around the world are going to be underwater soon, are buying up as much ocean front property as they can to make their homes. Odd to say the least...

[@TheMathias95]

@@BrianZinchuk Sounds like cap. Ever since humans became industrialized, we have have no records for hundreds of thousands of years of an ever climbing rate of carbon dioxide as now. Do we know for certain human presence is the cause? Of course not. Is it something worth to keep in mind rather than calling bull, when this is but one of many data points showing an odd coincidence between the climate and humans going industrial? I obviously do not know the full story of these conversations you've had, but to brush off humans affecting the climate as being bull is really just lazy and intellectually dishonest.

[@crashwelder5337]

Thank you for this in depth and detailed explanation of the end of the younger dryas II search. This is possibly the most thorough video I have come across and the USGS maps are outstanding. I have been looking for maps just like this to experiment with changes in sea level towards the end of the last ice age. Maybe I have missed a lot but I have not seen such good explanations of the break down of the North American glacier. thanks again you gained a follower

[@akimmel6941]

What I knew when I was young, coming from a Hoosier caving family, was that the caves started in Bloomington and belled out from there. If you locate B-town on the map of the glacial maximum, you will see quite clearly why. I now prospect these areas. We have every rock in Indiana and that blows my mind! I am 50 and have only tied my love of the local forests (they can't be farmed, so they are still here...or rather they are back due to that cause), caves, and the rocks in our streams to glaciation so I am enthralled. I doubt I will have time to sate all the curiosities that this interest has inspired in me, but I thank you for your contribution, there, fellow citizen! You have earned my subscription.😁

[@bradschoeck1526]

Lived in Bloomington for 3 yrs in my mid twenties. Best time of my life & spent many a weekend roaming around the dirt roads in Yellowwood, Morgan Monroe, Hoosier Ntnl & other forests around Brown County. Now live in Nashville and love it but miss Bloomington. Cheers sir.

[@neilmarshall5087]

Thats interesting.... Now I am seeing caves as giant water cannons cutting the rock from below, not above. Fascinating possibility. Can you recommend anywhere to get /see maps or scans of the caves in that area???

[@gregstevens7886]

I live in Bedford south of Bloomington and love caving. I know the aria extremly well. The aria near Browntown indicate a large water flow. next time your in that aria just drive around 135 to I65.

[@stevenmorris204]

I would like to learn more about what I can see in the midwest since I still work and have limited time for this hobby. I have hiked some of the cliffs in Southern Indiana south of Larry Birds home town. I plan to also try to visit the Mounds in Southern Illionois where I live and the serpent mounds in Ohio.

[@williamabbott9437]

@@neilmarshall5087 There are oceans under the oceans, beside the oceans. And at one point, some say ocean above the oceans?

[@DMJasonmatteson]

Great video! I love Randall and his work. Thank you for doing this!

[@kevinshepard7796]

Great job at condensing down some of these ideas. Very interesting. Haven't seen a visual representation that easy to understand concerning the cataclysm theory yet. Also good choice in using Outer Wilds music!

[@janebadon3988]

Thank you! I’ve had such trouble imagining how catastrophes have impacted our world...your video really helped, and I plan to rewatch!😊

[@sharonholdren7588]

Thoroughly enjoyed this. It was my first time on your video. I have a Master's in Geography and have loved cartography since I was a kid during the Civil War Centennial when I drew and studied maps of the battlefields and became entranced with the topography.

[@petemagnuson7357]

The music choice at 3:45 is perfect for watching a catastrophe unfold👌

[@thegreasyitalian]

Instant anxiety

[@ricehasnolife]

I know nearly nothing about geology and videos like this are so fun and fascinating. More of this!

[@Athiesm4thinkers]

This was put together so well. Good job man. I truly appreciated it

[@GrandmasterBBC]

Haven't been very many clear nights over here in Idaho either. And for goodness sake, yes please! More videos like this! I thrive on this type of content. Very well done.

[@RudyJHaluza]

We have some land out here in the Mojave that has lots of clear nights. Want to trade a few nights?

[@dannybrown5744]

Yuma transplanted from Yosemite...same

[@babydriver8134]

Dalton Gardens here, just now getting some clear skies.

[@babydriver8134]

@@RudyJHaluza I'll be down at North Edwards later this week.

[@williamabbott9437]

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shutting down was a major contributing factor. Along with simultaneous eruptions of virtually all of the super volcanoes and volcanos blocking out the Sun. Along with a great release of internal heat. This would melt all the ice, cause flooding, then immediately following an ice age/glacial period. All caused by Geomagnetic Reversal or Geomagnetic Excursion. Which is caused by the Sun on a 6,000/12,000/24,000 cycles of Geomagnetic Excursion and an approximate 450,000 cycle of Geomagnetic Reversal, though it has been 780,000 since our last one. Rapid heating during, rapid cooling following. Like with the Gothenburg Excursion and the following Younger Dryas, only with a full Chron Reversal the effects with be much more severe, and the Geomagnetic Poles will flip and the Geographic Poles will greatly shift. This is also why the Earth's rotation is speeding up, and the inner core's rotation is speeding up. Which is what will cause great earthquakes and will be the catalyst for the worldwide simultaneous volcanic eruptions because of the increased outer core pressure increases that will push magma. So seek GOD, or High Elevation in a mountain, or both?

[@richardgonzalez470]

This was great , I listen to Randall all the time this helped visualize what i hear in the podcast . Thanks!!!!

[@wmcarter6096]

I remember learning about the scablands in my intro to archaeology class in 2011. In 2012, I went to Japan and flew over WA and saw the features I had learned about. Was awesome to actually see it from above.

[@nicoleorton5299]

That was a clear eye opener. Thank you and I look forward to your next.

[@raymondsearch5289]

Thank you, Peter, for this interesting video. I earned a B.Sc. in Earth Science (University of Toronto) some 40 years ago, but I never get tired of examining landscapes with geologic history in mind. Southern Ontario is riddled with drumlins and glacial spillways. Also, the flatlands of northern Ontario (Hudson's Bay lowlands) are a testimony to the massive weight of the Laurentide ice sheet!

[@terrencebranscombe3257]

Impressive synthesis of your research, Peter, and great visuals. Thanks for the links as well. More please!

[@Durvington]

I’m so glad you mention Randall Carlson and his work. This time last year I was just getting familiar with his work and after school

[@celestialfortuna37]

fascinating presentation. Thank you so much. Thanks for recommending Randal Carlson also. He is awesome.

[@yoursoulisforever]

I canoed through the wallula gap in 2004 solo with my dog UB. We camped in there between the damn and the actual gap. It was an awe inspiring experience that I will never forget. The wind and swells pushed us through under cliffs that seemed to touch the sky.

[@GlassBone710]

I was born and raised 20 minutes from there. The wind through that canyon is insane. There used to be a native american outpost known by Yellepit named after the indian chief. Lewis and clark wrote about Wallula Gap and probably canoed through the same spot.

[@peddlinshutterbug]

Amazing!!! This is one of the BEST visuals I've seen on this subject!! I just moved to eastern Washington, and it is a perfect place to contemplate all of this! I agree that all the new technology is unveiling a massive amount of information that has completely changed the whole paradigm!!! I will be tuning in, and i would love to see more videos like this.

[@sg2873]

I just stumbled upon your video here. Great work. I watched it beginning to end. I never knew about the Missoula floods. Reminds me of the story of Lake Bonneville breaking through Red Rock Pass and flooding the Snake & Columbia rivers in dramatic fashion. Nature is incredible.

[@davemason6870]

Hi Peter, That was the first video I've seen of yours. Great job. I look forward to more.

[@fidelogos7098]

Love the video! Years ago, I read a book about Glacial Lake Missoula and the flooding that created the Scablands. I hope to see more of these videos. Thanks!

[@veo_]

As a fellow PNW habitent, I loved this video. I'd love to see a deeper dive into our landforms. Subscribed!

[@fyisense9312]

Thank you for this video. Excellent photography. That's pretty amazing, the scale is hard to grasp unless one has seen similar geologic features. I remember the first and second grade films from the fifties that taught us "the sands of time" theory.

[@TheNoobTrooper]

I subbed and liked, really like the narration style, calm music and way you speak.

[@Stand.Your.Ground.]

Thank you for your time putting this together. Randall is the OG him and graham are amazing minds!

[@bradleycarpo3372]

That's amazing, it is interesting to see how hydrology had such a major impact on the topography of the landscape.

[@dwightlethbridge2796]

Glacial action was easy to see as I often flew from Lethbridge in Southwestern Alberta to Edmonton. Long scrapes and gouges all in generally the same direction. I enjoyed your video.

[@Richbund]

Really enjoyed this video... and I really enjoy Randall Carlson's many compelling videos...

[@donready119]

Thanks for this great video. I live near the south shore of Georgian Bay on Lake Huron. There is a fantastic drumlin field in the Bighead watershed. Water sculpting makes way more sense than the ice sculpting I was taught.

[@chippychick6261]

This was an outstanding integrated presentation. Thank you

[@sanskrit7548]

Thank you very much for this great presentation. Looking forward to your next video.

[@spikedemon42]

This was such an incredible video! I never knew any of this before and I'm in love with the history carved into the earth

[@benmcreynolds8581]

I live in Corvallis, Oregon and I love thinking about the past that's related to my surroundings here. I love NW Oregon and it's ecology and geology. It's just awesome.

[@JD-mn8cx]

Drumlins are amazing features. The whole county in Upper peninsula Michigan is covered in them. They are all the same general size, shape, and orientation. If you look at some of the google map satellite photos from the year range that was taken in the fall, you see a great definition of them. This is caused by the upland drumlins being covered in maples and the lowlands being cedars. Such a great informational video, thanks I enjoyed it a lot. Great job!

[@martinsapsitis4292]

Tops Peter, informative and provocative in the best ways.

[@mattgraham1983]

That was a cool presentation.. I like Randall's work, very interesting stuff👍

[@MikeScheuring]

Amazing video Peter. Would love to see your take on the rainfall in the southwest.

[@ericjohnson9468]

EXCELLENT!!! I’ve already fired off links to this video to other appreciative science-heads. Very nicely done!

[@Denny_7782]

Randall Carlson was mentioned, so I subscribed automatically haha. Great stuff sir!

[@timothyhoran9521]

Thank you Peter. Please keep putting out information .

[@davidleejenkins]

Fascinating! Would love to see more videos like this.

[@kickapootrackers7255]

Agreed

[@jssomewhere6740]

Great video, I've covered all the western spots you discussed. From the Mexican border into Canada. There are some amazing unique places created by the ice. Wouldn't it be fun to be able to watch it all happen from something that gave a perfect view and didn't allow you to do anything to your Grandfather ( haha paradoxes have so many rules )

[@ohnegative9526]

Absolutely an amazing presentation. Definitely going to use this video to introduce people to the subject.

[@johni4213]

Unbelievable how much information is out there now! Thx for all this true history!

[@marlapinaire944]

Really fascinating stuff - thanks for sharing! Astronomy is the study of the world around us "out there," this is just a little closer to home.

[@dalehalliday3578]

very interesting. Living in Toronto, I've always been fascinated by the ancient shorelines of glacial Lake Iroquois (a ridge running through Toronto, parallel to the shoreline of present day Lake Ontario), as well as the many drumlins in southern Ontario, particularly in the Peterborough area.

[@Junglefog]

Fascinating topic. The best teacher I ever had was a high school geology teach from Blaine, Wa. He took the whole freshman class on an Eastern Washington field trip. 3 busses, 80 kids, 2 nights in tents, 3 days on the road. He did this at least 15 years in a row. He showed us in person all the fascinating geology in WA State. I was expecting a mention of Dry Falls in Eastern WA with this subject matter - check it out. The petrified Ginko tree forest in Wanapum…Ginko trees aren’t native in WA, but they were. There’s a rhinoceros fossil in the basalt cliffs of Blue Lake. Rhinoceros aren’t native to WA, but they were. Combine geology and history for the win! Great video.

[@dragons_flight]

As soon as you recommended Randall, it was a Like and Subscribe for me! Welcome to the conversation, I can't wait to watch the rest of your content! ☺🤗😍

[@tommunyon2874]

I was born, and grew up in New Mexico, and eventually ended up in Washington state for the next 50 years more-or-less. I do miss the clarity of star gazing at 7600 ft. above sea level and the many clear nights of New Mexico. Glen Campbell said that in the New Mexico high country the stars cast shadows (he was there to film True Grit).

[@valarmorghulis9912]

Hello fellow New Mexican 👊🏻😎👍🏻

[@maxthepupp]

Excellent video! Very very well done. Informative and presented clearly. Thank you for your research and narration. New fan.😎

[@marilynlennox261]

These are fantastic visuals. Thanks for brining them all together. More please?

[@salzmedia511]

Really enjoyed this style video. First time watching your channel. Hope to see more like this!

[@williambock1821]

What explains all the layers of flooding and lake shores that are evident in so many places if Lake Missoula DIDNT reform over and over again? How would a single catastrophic event create so many layers? Or is there a theory that involves 40 comets all hitting in the same area over and over again?

[@jonglewongle3438]

There were 90+ Missoula Floods. A cometary rubble pile immediately succeeding the Missoula Floods, and perhaps another cometary rubble pile ending the Younger Dryas.

[@williambock1821]

@@jonglewongle3438 OHHHH,right. Those dang cometary rubble piles! I stub my toe on those suckers all the time. 😊

[@jonglewongle3438]

@@williambock1821 Cometary rubble piles. Will I ever get over it ? But there had to be at least one of those before or after the Younger Dryas. Probably two, but differing in ejecta modes. It is either that or solar bursts to explain the rapid deglaciation and overnight rise in sea levels at the end off the Younger Dryas. But there was 90+ Missoula Floods, occurring in regular cycles. They have the depositional layers. Some layer sites are less than 90 because they all involved variant courses and flows, but one or more sites is 90+ layers.

[@warbuzzard7167]

I wish I were independently wealthy - I'd spend a great amount of time taking trips with professors such as Dr. Carlson and I would learn what I could about the geology of the last 20,000 years. There's a LOT to learn! You have done the geology world a great favor by making this wonderful video about this topic - I love studying Glacial Lake Outburst Floods!

[@Naturalook]

He is not Dr. Carlson... he's just a dude that put some stuff together from the internet.

[@michaelashley2855]

@@Naturalook he speaks well - he knows a lot - and he has no academic credentials whatever - indeed - he’s just a dude

[@Naturalook]

@@michaelashley2855 Yeah, Carlson is just a dude, is a good way to charactorize him... He also makes some of the most asinine comments, especially refuting Anthropogenic Climate Change. Science ain't pick and choose, especially when you don't have a background.

[@williamabbott9437]

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shutting down was a major contributing factor. Along with simultaneous eruptions of virtually all of the super volcanoes and volcanos blocking out the Sun. Along with a great release of internal heat. This would melt all the ice, cause flooding, then immediately following an ice age/glacial period. All caused by Geomagnetic Reversal or Geomagnetic Excursion. Which is caused by the Sun on a 6,000/12,000/24,000 cycles of Geomagnetic Excursion and an approximate 450,000 cycle of Geomagnetic Reversal, though it has been 780,000 since our last one. Rapid heating during, rapid cooling following. Like with the Gothenburg Excursion and the following Younger Dryas, only with a full Chron Reversal the effects with be much more severe, and the Geomagnetic Poles will flip and the Geographic Poles will greatly shift. This is also why the Earth's rotation is speeding up, and the inner core's rotation is speeding up. Which is what will cause great earthquakes and will be the catalyst for the worldwide simultaneous volcanic eruptions because of the increased outer core pressure increases that will push magma. So seek GOD, or High Elevation in a mountain, or both?

[@frankdasilva]

Yes please, more videos on the same subject + your photos! Thanks for sharing 👍

[@franceslynch2615]

Terrific video, thank you, look forward to seeing more when you have the time

[@markkolmorgan7728]

I recently drove through Mounds, Missouri. I'm an archeologist/geologist (in that order), so I expected to see Hopewellian or Misissippian mound builder constructions, but they are alluvial sediments deposited there by your massive flood waters. Like ripples on a sandbar in a stream bed, only a hundred feet high. Great video, very informative. You can see the ring of an astroblem southwest of Yellowstone in the form of a cresent desert in the Rockies and to the northwest (of Yellowstone) the circle continues as a mountain chain, all clearly visible in your video.

[@Deadeye777]

The theory I was taught at WSU about the Missoula Ice Damn, is that the western wall of the lake range was the ice wall. That ice wall would crack free and float under the bouyant pressure caused by such a large body of water. Water would sluice out from underneath the ice wall until it would settle again and refreeze. So my understanding was a giant wall of ice wasn't completely destroyed and reformed, but persistent and phasic. Hence the multiple channeling events coming from the same geographic event.

[@spanqueluv9er]

The problem with that is that at that scale ice is a terrible construction material, especially when constantly being worked on by the water it would be holding back. There was never any ice dam situation in Montana.🤡🤡🤦‍♂️💩💩👎🙄

[@TJWelsh]

The appears to have been a body of water east of Missoula, near the headwaters of the Clarke Fork. These can easily be seen along I-90 near Deer Lodge.

[@assail]

wow this was such an awesome video. ive always been curious about what was going on during the melting period. very informative. thanks for sharing!!

[@Traveler13]

Very helpfull tour, helped to understand the scablands more, I listen to Randal Carson often as well

[@bizhiwnamadabi3901]

I am from Three different tribes. The Ojibwe, Díne and Plains Cree. This topic always fascinate me. I live in the Red River Valley or Modern Day river bed of the ancient lake of Agassiz. My peoples have lived around this valley for over 23,000 years. I heard tribal stories of the glacial period. The various animals, lakes, the mighty rivers that used to flow in certain areas. Those ancient rivers would make the Missouri river look like a stream. Or how certain areas got flooded over and over again. Or how it freeze at the shortest point in the river only for it to melt and to wreak havoc over and over again. With the scale of the flood at 4:00 it is something like that but it had giant ice chunks, people, animals, dirt, rocks and boulders, entire bands and tribes got wiped out by those floods. For my band.

[@MeltedPearls]

Your reach of history is a gift to humanity, truly. Respect.

[@bizhiwnamadabi3901]

@@MeltedPearls Miigwetch thank you

[@samantharodahl4701]

My dad has a physical 3D map like this. It's probably about 3ft by 4ft. It's cool being able to feel the mountains.

[@dannybrown5744]

I'd love to make one

[@fazergazer]

I learned so much from your video! Keep it up! Gives context to the landscapes we can frame the Milky Way with 🎉

[@musicisajourney]

This is a great video! I could watch a whole series!

[@peterdoughty2015]

In the 1870s (if memory serves) Gen. G. K. Warren led a survey party through western Minnesota. He was skilled in reading the landscape, recognizing that the now-small Minnesota River could not have carved the much larger trench in which it flows. The glacial runoff river, draining Lake Agassiz, has been named the River Warren.

[@BugsWeather]

The evidence for repeated flooding is numerous. I'm not saying the comet hypothesis is incorrect, since it's totally possible an impact caused a large flood at some point. However, the currently accepted hypothesis for repeated flooding holds firm based on the evidence. For instance, in Montana there are many beach strandlines near Missoula which implies multiple lake levels, probably the height of each lake refill. Also, the canyon leading from Lake Missoula to Eastern Washington has lots of extreme erosional features. Additionally, in eastern Washington there are numerous slack-water mud layers, with occasional layers of Mt St Helens volcanic ash between them. The ash indicates that there was time between each flood event. Please don't take this as a harsh retort, I enjoyed the video and love your content! Looking forward to more stuff like this. Also, as one of your followers who lives in Eastern Washington and enjoys geology, I had to do a double-take when I saw this video. If you want dark skies with a great foreground, I suggest checking out Palouse Falls State Park. It's one of the darker spots out here with a great waterfall and canyon.

[@sludge3025]

Thanks for pointing this out. Catastrophism is fun to play around with, but I don't think it is the "obvious" conclusion unless you are actively looking for it. I'm from the four corners area and as an amateur geologist it's pretty clear that the landscape was not created by a huge downpour 12,000 years ago. Water? Absolutely. A handful of catastrophic storms? Not likely. A lot of these processes are ancient and complex and can't be reduced to something as simple as an asteroid impact or torrential rain. Unfortunately, I get the feeling that a lot of this stuff goes around just because it's used as justification for fringe archaeology theories :/

[@jmn93065]

@@sludge3025 You should look into the work of Ben Davidson of Suspicious Observers, or Douglas Vogt of the Diehold foundation. They both are proponents of a world cataclysm that occurs every 12000 years or so, due to a micro nova from the sun. This micro nova causes the ice ages, pole flip, massive flooding that sweeps across the north American continent from west to east. This theory is well documented and at least 7 previous cataclysms have been observed in the earth's geology. This flooding is unrelated to the scab lands, but I agree with Mr. Ransom, that the scab lands flooding is most likely due to Glacial lake Missoula.

[@manbearpig710]

Randall can debunk that argument

[@jmn93065]

@@manbearpig710 Not true, Randall reached out to Ben in June of 2020 and he now recognizes that the sun does have a part to play in the world wide cataclysms, not just comets.

[@manbearpig710]

@@jmn93065 well yeah cuz the dryas was two events. Sure it could of been two asteroid events or comets but more like a separate event occurred for one of the two events. A lot of rock in Egypt is burned so yeah probably a solar flare at one point in time

[@user-bh8bo5hh9o]

Absolutely enjoyed your geologic video Peter. Excellent work and yes, I would be very interested in more of your commentary on natural science. Thank you for sharing. I've subscribed to your channel and look forward to viewing much more. Sincerely, Mike M.

[@ironteacup2569]

love this sort of content. I nerd out of my mind looking at maps

[@donnyboy2589]

Can't help but wonder if this could be related to the Carolina Bays. Great video. Thanks!

[@fazergazer]

I’d heard “theory” that ice-age lake Missoula had an ice dam that thawed and froze repeatedly, catastrophically dumping millions of cubic kilometers of water into the scab lands. This happened so many times that rhythmitic strata mark these floods via sediments around the scab lands. The contribution of northern Canadian ice sheet and deep impact needs to be integrated and investigated to form into an integrated model. Lots to do!! Amazing🎉

[@WhoMe87799]

Lots of people had that theory. Randal Carlson took that apart and basically "it doesn't hold water", just like ice dams. 🤣😂🤣🤣 The proof is that every single ice dam found to date fails when the water it is holding back gets more than about 10 15 feet deep. So unless their was magical ice back then...

[@MrBowser2012]

I am convinced the Missoula flood was a single event.

[@maruska13x]

This is so superb video on all informative and visual front with great background music that reminded me of Firewatch (the game). Really astonishing job! And thank you very much for the references in the information section!

[@DesertNurse2297]

Yes, I would really like for you to show the pictures of your continuing Saga of Ice Aged Floods. I thank you sir for the excellent knowledge that you so freely give.

[@matthewjewkes9659]

Please post more of these flood videos and show more geography of western US, especially Utah as well if you can on the basin range.

[@nicklamart643]

I'm so happy to see Randall Carlson's life work and passion start to spark ideas amongst current KZbinrs!

[@nerfnerd10]

First video of yours that ive seen. Holy crap subscribed!

[@89TNash]

Nice bro, great material you put together

[@daftnord4957]

My favorite story from this event is the Mammoth Site in Hot Springs South Dakota. when i was about 8 years old i went there and had fun digging up fake mammoth bones in a sand pit. i remember the "official" story is that a herd of mammoths slipped and fell into a mud pit and all got covered somehow. But Randall Carlson talks about that specific site being a turbulent spot where drowned floating mammoths collected to become instantly covered in mud. It was pretty funny, him talking about taking a tour there and asking about the sediment matrix that the animals were buried in not making sense with their official story lol

[@daftnord4957]

-slipped and fell in due to drought and were thirsty. Which may turn out to be the exact opposite, deluge

[@maxmayer1281]

Speaking of South Dakota my grandmother is from kadoka out by the white river and I’m from vermillion love sd!!

[@daftnord4957]

@@maxmayer1281 nice, i live right where the missouri meets i90 lol

[@billwilson3609]

It could've been a giant pit of quicksand that the animals were stumbling into over the years. There's an exposed cut of rock out West that has a large section of assorted dinosaur skeletons jumbled together in a pile. They don't know if they were swept away in a flood or stepped into quicksand since there's predators here and there in the mix that might of slipped in while chasing their prey.