IPA Basics: Voicing

In which I discuss the third, and final, consonant feature: voicing.
Topics discussed: Linguistics, Place of Articulation, Manner of Articulation, Voicing, How to Read the IPA, Icelandic nasal consonants, Iaai phonology, Breathy voice, Creaky voices, IPA Diacritic, Voice Onset Time: Negative Voice Onset Time, Zero Voice Onset Time, Positive Voice Onset Time; Aspiration, Fortis and Lenis consonants.
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MORE LANGUAGE RELATED STUFF:
►CONLANG SUB REDDIT: goo.gl/R4pfYK
►Linguistics Sub Reddit: goo.gl/tSrgGE
►Voicing: goo.gl/qSxNYq
►Interactive IPA: goo.gl/7IlpQq
►Icelandic Phonology: goo.gl/WeinxP
►Iaai: goo.gl/bsrFdU
►IPA Diacritics: goo.gl/NAQmLD
►Fortis and Lenis: goo.gl/vChIi1
►Voice Onset Time: goo.gl/i0zHxo
►►SURPRISE LINK: goo.gl/vMbEWR
PS. Have a most epic day! :D

[@taimao2]

I'm thrown off when he suddenly says "upper teat." It took me a second to realize that what was being talked about was "teeth and not the "upper part of a nipple." Dialect difference you gotta love them...

[@30IYouTube]

His dialect of English doesn’t have them. These are not my teeth, rather teet.

[@rosiefay7283]

Accent difference, not dialect difference.

[@haileyross5335]

@@rosiefay7283 What exactly is the difference between accent and dialect? Is it that accent is the difference between british, canadian, and irish english where dialect is things like AAVE where someone might say "he be workin" for example? As in, accent is more pronunciation whereas dialect is grammar rules?

[@Jivvi]

@@rosiefay7283 An accent is incorrect pronunciation caused by a non-native speaker using sounds from their native language instead of the correct sounds from the language they're speaking, like the way Germans might pronounce a W like a V, or French people might not pronounce the letter H in English words. He's a native English speaker, who speaks in a dialect in which "th" and "t" sound very similar. He doesn't speak with an accent.

[@kilmerborges]

@@Jivvi You're incorrect. Accent is the way people speak in a certain place, hence the common usage of expressions such as American accent, Scottish accent, etc. Dialect, on the other hand, refers to terms and specific grammar that are used in that place. "Bloke", for instance, is a dialectal feature, while the difference between the British and the American pronounciations of "water" is tied to the accent.

[@shoo_be_doo]

As a side note, linguistics student here: while unvoiced and voiceless usually mean the same thing, they don't always. A glottal stop, for example, is technically speaking neither voiced nor voiceless, but it is unvoiced. There's not voicing, but voiceless means per definition that the vocal chords are open, which isn't the case with a glottal stop. As another note, Hindi /bʰ/ is technically not aspirated, but rather breathy voiced, i.e. [b̤] or [bʱ] (they mean the same)

[@Artifexian]

Caro Line I was actually wondering that when I was animating...should I write voiceless and/or unvoiced? I couldn't find anything definitive on the matter so assumed the terms were interchangeable. Thanks for clearing this up for me...and hopefully anyone else who reads your comment!

[@Anhilare]

According to the internet, it IS technically breathy voiced, but in the case of [bʱ], [dʱ], etc., it is appropriate to say voiced aspirated. And don't ask where I found that, I forgot the source.

[@WatermelonEnthusiast9]

@@Anhilare not suspicious at all...

[@biffkin1229]

F shouldn't be called unvoiced. It should be called foiced.

[@tomasouzaheuert]

I actually laufed at this

[@biffkin1229]

Life goal achieved

[@inventrmc]

Foist

[@kennedymutiti1826]

fairly funny

[@magiv4205]

I don't know why this is so funny, but it is😂😂😂

[@merrymerryjerry6736]

lets logic it out: 1. Voiced means that the vocal chords are vibrating 2. Alveolar means that the blade of the tongue is touching the alveolar ridge 3. Trill means that you are blowing air to cause the active articulator to vibrate\ NOW LEARN HOW TO ROLL YOUR EFFING R'S ARTIFEXIAN!

[@owlblocksdavid4955]

Hahaha, I wish it were that easy :/ but at least I actually try to learn...

[@orhoushmand85]

Alveolar trills don't really exist, they are a lie.

[@AlgyCuber]

my native language has it so i can say it easliy

[@thenoone]

Me, a person that can roll my Rs: Okay,, i'll try rrrRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR(turns into a motorcycle) RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRER

[@1leon000]

@@thenoone I can also roll my Rs!

[@bobtheduck]

You also get languages where voicing is not phonemic but aspiration is. Languages where voicing is allophonic. Languages like Korean... * shiver * Driven me and a lot of friends crazy because no Korean could ever explain it, they could just tell us we were saying everything wrong.

[@SJKlapecki]

I've been trying to get into Conlanging. This has helped me a LOT.

[@Artifexian]

***** Great to hear! Glad the vids are having an impact

[@anthonymarcelino8460]

Read more glitch

[@waluigihentailover6926]

So am I! How is yours going?

[@sunvnus]

You literally made me fully understand the Korean consonants with a 6 minute video. I mean, I understood that they were different, but this video thought me how to produce and control them... I have been confused for like... A month... Props, buddy, you deserve more attention!

[@tarquinnff3]

This IPA series has been amazing. I totally nerd out when I see one in my inbox. Thanks for making.

[@Artifexian]

tarquinnff3 No probs! Thank YOU for watching.

[@siddheshgandhi7668]

Exactly! For native speakers of English like yourself, b and an unaspirated p ("tenuis" is a far better description) are often equivalent. As a speaker of Indian English, I do not use aspirated sounds for p/t/k rather the tenuis/unaspirated sound, and hence I have confused many people to whom my p-b , k-g, t-d sound way too similar. What needs to be understood is that Voicing is not a binary feature but rather a continuum on the VOT scale. In many Indian and Romance languages, the value of VOT for b/d/g is way more negative than the same sounds in Germanic languages. Voicing as a binary feature is only useful for distinguishing pairs within a language. It becomes a bit more problematic in cross-language comparisons, especially because the human brain thinks phonemically, not phonetically!

[@khalilmartinez3541]

Thanks to this video I finally know how to pronounce my own name

[@thomasalberto613]

What lol

[@NathanTAK]

Explain

[@bigwonghong]

@@NathanTAK ɂ

[@petersmythe6462]

This is great for designing languages no human will ever be able to pronounce correctly because they do not contain any IPA-produced sounds.

[@flaviospadavecchia5126]

Honestly, you're more useful than my linguistics university course.

[@bryaneberly3588]

A voiceless "m" is literally just letting air escape from your nose. Think "mhm". The "h" is a voiceless m.

[@bryaneberly3588]

***** That's exactly how it works

[@atomnous]

Bryan Eberly "h" is closer to "ng", but to be more exact, it's just a no-consonant you voice when you say vowels by opening your mouth and throat. "M" is closer to "b, p, f, v". This is all pure speculation btw lol

[@jonispatented]

Atom Nous he means the h-ish sound you make by putting your mouth in the position for an m but then just not voicing it would be voiceless. Basically the “h” found in the sound “mhm”

[@bennalexanderleyland9088]

Really cool! Isn't it so interesting how we manage to use so many different features of our body to make sounds, allowing us to communicate millions of different things?

[@Liggliluff]

[m̩ˈm̥m̩]

[@Parker8752]

You know, as useful as these videos on the IPA are for making languages, they're also pretty useful for learning languages too - for example, the section on voice onset time is making it significantly easier to work out how to pronounce the right sounds in a language where they differentiate between aspirated and non-aspirated voiceless consonants (such as "k" and "g" in jyutping Cantonese romanisation, where "k" represents an aspirated /k/ and "g" represents a non-aspirated /k/).

[@Mezelenja]

just 3 videos and he's shown me ive been dippin and dodging the IPA table for nothing, it all makes sooo much sense. Everything is basically explained by its name tyyyyyy

[@Fatherlake]

I really like your channel! I was into making languages before I found this channel, but now I feel like I know what I'm doing a bit more. Keep up the good work!

[@2ahlamfatin111]

A few things to mention : Ejectives, very rare faucals (yawning?), epiglottal voicing (why even try) and implosives (ejectives, but with air coming in?)

[@johnallencrist.delosreyes9491]

THIS. IS. SO. AWESOME. I am nerding out...

[@Lucy-ng7cw]

Oll

[@cutecommie]

Pll

[@Lucy-ng7cw]

TheBlaflabla Oh shit

[@jh5401]

Same thoughh

[@natee3888]

Soviet Loli COLL

[@HeirofThorondor]

Sure... I might be a bit late to the game, but wow! I'm a linguistic nerd and I love everything about languages, dialects, and alphabets, but I've never had a chance to learn any of this on an academic level. Thank you so much for putting this out there for people to learn! Would love to see more videos about linguistics!

[@rusasod]

I know it's been a while, but I hope you were able to pursue your passions :) I've just started university and my linguistics class is the best thing to have ever happened to me in my life so far (I am so incredibly excited)

[@catelynr5222]

THANK YOU. I was having so much trouble understanding this from just the book I was using. Working on learning Icelandic and this is a breakthrough for me. Yay! :)

[@danielburgess9645]

there is a whole lot of info in here, thank you. I'll be rewatching this a good bit

[@ScotsmanRS]

Fantastic video! I already had a enough of a grasp of IPA to use for my own purposes (mainly confirming or explaining English and Scottish Gaelic pronunciations in various dialects), and I still managed to learn a couple of things from your IPA series so far! The information is very well organised and neatly presented. You are an awesome teacher! I've subscribed for more! :D (Hopefully this will push me towards actually creating a conlang - something I've fancied doing for ages, now!)

[@ThEkILlA210895]

such a great and easy to understand video! Well executed with your examples with a funny twist as well!

[@MyNameIsCain]

Another fantastic video! Your videos on language have actually helped me a lot learning Arabic and French, not to mention the pure entertainment value. Much support man!

[@Artifexian]

CainGrey Cheers, buddy. Ah! It must be my fluent arabic and french. Pffft...I wish :)

[@justinkramer5996]

Very good video. Your explanation with voice onset time helped me finally understand aspirated consonants.

[@fio690]

The best video I have watched at 2 a.m I'm having a test about this tomorrow thanks keep doing videos you're the phonetics god

[@xkmi5996]

This channel really needs more attention. Everything is awesome. (Cue music) Seriously, though, keep up the good work. :)

[@Artifexian]

XkmI Will do! Thanks for the kind words. If you do believe that the channel needs more attention, please share my stuff on your social media etc. With your/the communities help...we can REALLY grow this thing :)

[@PaleMist]

+Artifexian Thanks, FYI: recheck your subtitles.

[@Xx_BoogieBomber_xX]

+Wiezymon What have you found in there?

[@lapsstudent]

@@Xx_BoogieBomber_xX it's been four years

[@eyeofthasky]

Fortis / Lenis is an antiquated respective thats not used in linguistics anymore and recommended to be shunned. there is no measurable difference in muscular tension in actual speech, and as with schroedingers cat even if u find it while deliberately trying to find a distinction doesnt mean it happens in unmonitored natural circumstances. In case of whispering, the VOT not only gives a delay in voicing, but is accompanied by the friction of /h/, so whispering u can distinguish /pan/ from /phan/ for english, while for e.g. italian etc. it still holds true, more generally speaking: it's about the _air flow pressure_ u perceive differences. even in english e.g. /f/ vs /v/ only have differently strong turbulation of the air, but that is not caused by a claimed tension of the lower lip against the teeth. if you wanna call those pairs "fortis" and "lenis" you can do that, but the only "force-y" element in that is pulmonic pressure not muscular strength

[@beingme4442]

Ok,you literally saved my life! i have to sit for a final exam next week for Phonetics I,and now i understood perfectly the topics,thanks a lot!

[@derser5369]

How'd it go?

[@penguinlim]

how'd that exam go?

[@dilgeatakan9366]

Fortis-lenis thing works only in languages like English. All of English's voiced oral stops are unaspirated, so [b], [d], [dʒ] and [g]. All of English's voiceless oral stops are aspirated, so [ph], [th], [tʃh] and [kh]. When whispering, voicing is eliminated so only difference is aspiration. That's why you hear the diffference.

[@billy-mild]

Artifexian Are you planning on making a video on flat, or seemingly flat, world types? Not sure what there would be to make a video on but... yeah. Great Wor(l)dbuilding video!

[@Artifexian]

William Mild I am! But videos on flat worlds are a bit over done. I've come up with a little twist that will describe all mechanics of flat world without discussing flat worlds. Don't wanna say more than that because it may not happen. I have a physicist friend crunching the numbers as we speak. If he green light its, then a "flat world" video will happen.

[@MalekiRe]

Its been more than 3 years, I guess that flat world video won't ve happining.

[@Wordsmith00]

This video is amazingly satisfying.

[@kalez238]

Geebus! There is so much more to articulation than I expected. As with the whispered pan and ban, that is nuts! I never even considered how slight the difference is yet we can easily tell them apart.

[@Artifexian]

***** Nor did I. That would be the fine input of the folks over at /r/conlangs. But, yes, it's crazy just how mechanically complicated the human food hole is.

[@kalez238]

Artifexian We sure are a noisy bunch of bastards :P

[@Artifexian]

***** ...Always smacking our meat flaps together and making a ruckus! Ugh humans, eh? :P

[@simonethistle9069]

This is really really awesome!

[@ianross6192]

Technically, there are 4 onset times for voicing. The three you talked about and the one found in voiced aspirated plosive consonants like b^h and d^h. These are found in Proto-Indo-European and probably others two I don't know.

[@rogeliodelrosario5936]

Funny and straight to the point!

[@kyazarshadala8114]

great explanation of aspiration

[@nyckonp]

I love you so much my hero!

[@anaswasfisabir]

awesome video, really helpful

[@sonicthehedgehog0100]

ɪn tər ə stɪŋ!

[@bonbonpony]

+SwatTeamExit Because the comment box is broken, especially when you make the first comment in a thread (a top-level one): the Ctrl+V key combination is captured and muted, so that people couldn't paste any text into your comments. I guess it was _supposed_ to block spam by pasting URLs into comments, but it is a total fail, because: 1. it also blocks legitimate pasting, e.g. a quote or previously-prepared comment text (yeah, browsers can crash during typing too :P ); 2. it can be easily walked around: just type a few words, send the comment, and then click "edit", and now you can paste as many text as you wish (pasting into existing comments is somehow not considered spam by Google code monkeys :P ) Proof: ひらがな　漢字 Even if they blocked this, you can still open up FireBug and view the source of the page, locate the edit box, and paste your text directly into the HTML element in FireBug, which results in the pasted text appearing in the input box on the page :J They cannot block that, so it's pathetic that they even try. Because it's like web design 101 :P Other things are broken as well. E.g. when you edit for the first time, it replaces all apostrophes and quotation marks with HTML character entity references (the most common mistake of any dumbass code monkey ever), like " or % making your comment a real mess :P I you miss that, your comment will look like shiet. Another failure is with the formatting markup, because not every time you write the dash - or underscore _ or star * you really want to strike-over or italicize or bold-face a piece of text. But Google does it anyway :P often breaking the text altogether. And there's no way to tell the editor you don't want that. (Also, how is _ for italics? My intuition says it's rather for underline :P But well, Google code monkeys felt smarter and decided otherwise :P )

[@sonicthehedgehog0100]

+Bon Bon ugh yeah I hate that. It's like the people at Google don't know how input sanitation works. Probably because they don't.

[@NerdBryant64]

+SwatTeamExit ɪn tər ə stɪŋ! worked for me

[@KuraIthys]

@@bonbonpony That must be a pretty old statement, because I do all of that on a regular basis. (especially paste url's into comments) For instance: www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/ ɪn tər ə stɪŋ! "Other things are broken as well. E.g. when you edit for the first time, it replaces all apostrophes and quotation marks with HTML character entity references (the most common mistake of any dumbass code monkey ever), like " or % making your comment a real mess :P I you miss that, your comment will look like shiet. Another failure is with the formatting markup, because not every time you write the dash - or underscore _ or star * you really want to strike-over or italicize or bold-face a piece of text. But Google does it anyway :P often breaking the text altogether. And there's no way to tell the editor you don't want that. (Also, how is _ for italics? My intuition says it's rather for underline :P But well, Google code monkeys felt smarter and decided otherwise :P )" I can't actually remember ever having that problem though, even 2 years ago when you made this comment. ɪn tər ə stɪŋ! is one hell of an interesting accent by the way. I would interpret my own pronunciation to look something like this: inʈøɾɛsʈiŋ In all probability that's not really quite right, but it's what sounded closest to me to what I say. If that looks odd to you, and you're wondering how that happened... It's basically the unholy amalgamation of various british dialects, Australian English, Dutch, and a few fragments of American English all tossed into a blender and mixed together at random, which is a pretty accurate reflection of how I speak. XD

[@bonbonpony]

@@KuraIthys Yeah, they seem to have corrected some of those bugs already, except one: the formatting characters, such as the underscore for italics and the asterisk for bold face, tend to break when you put some other punctuation (e.g. parenthesis, a comma etc.) right after them, and then the formatting spans for the rest of the comment :q One needs to put an additional space before the punctuation mark to avoid that. Try, for example, italicize the last word inside a parenthesis, or the last word before a comma. The bigger problem that still exists is comment ghosting. If they decide that your comment contains some words, URLs or content they don't like from any reason, the comment is being accepted, and you can see it being added to the comment thread, even after you refresh the page, but no one else sees it. They don't show any warning nor error message, they just accept it silently and lie to you that it is public. The only way to check if it's really there, is to log out and check if it's still there when you're not logged in, or from a different account. It happens to me all the time, because my patterns of discussion are quite uncommon (i.e. they're not just short venting that could fit the screen of a cellphone, with no content whatsoever; more often they're lengthy, contain links, opinions, information, quotes, formatting, examples, timestamps etc.). And Google doesn't seem to like proper discussion and free speech :q

[@TF8ase]

Wonderful. I love it.

[@siddheshgandhi7668]

The bh sound in Hindi (and other sounds like gh, dh, jh) are actually breathy voiced, voiced plosives cannot be aspirated by definition of voiced (-ve VOT) and aspirated (+ve VOT). The IPA notation should thus have a breathy h (h with its vertical line bent to the right) as the subscript.

[@SandshrewSamurai]

These videos are fascinating... and they make me think I'm pronouncing everything slightly wrong xD

[@lock_ray]

There it is! I was waiting for this :P

[@Artifexian]

Lock Ray Thanks for waiting, Lock Ray. It's a one man show over here at Artifexian studios; there's a limit to how quickly I can make videos. :( Would that I could make and release them more frequently.

[@lock_ray]

Artifexian No worries, I wasn't really complaining, just expressing my excitement. There's no need to rush, as long as you keep up the good work XD

[@Artifexian]

Oh, I didn't mean to imply you were complaining - that wasn't the impression I got at all. I just wanted to make it clear that it's awesome that you guys are cool with the idea of quality over quantity :D

[@kirilvelinov7774]

Greek distinguishes nasal vowels from plain vowels and breathy plosives from plain plosives E(e) vs H(eh) O(o) vs W(oh) P(p) vs F(ph) K(k) vs X(kh) T(t) vs Q(th) Sibilant plosives C(ks) Y(ps)

[@sayoluv_5629]

tysm ur videos are really helpfull.

[@aliceh5289]

Use "sue" and "zoo" for the fortis-lenis distinction instead, since it immediately follows the explanation of aspiration which also used 'p' so one could get the two reasons confused

[@sepiasmith5065]

this is fascinating!!!!

[@ferretappreciator]

As a Californian, I can confirm that I use a vocal fry a shit ton. However, as a Californian, I can also confirm that no one else around me does it/naturally has one (and I dunno where I got it from)

[@kinganko6857]

When he told me to say “Fan” and “Van” I switched my accent from Midwestern to his Irish accent for some reason😂😂

[@estebansuarezcornilliac1087]

Love the music (and the video). Where can I find it?

[@guilhemane]

The pan/ban difference is more distinguishable due to the aspiration than the Fortis/lenis difference

[@MellonVegan]

Love this channel

[@Artifexian]

Tobias Ommer Everyone here at Artifexian loves you back. By everyone I mean me, the hand and that stick figure guy! :D

[@speecher1959]

Excellent job! One piece of input - When saying an individual consonant sound, as indicated by the IPA, one says only the sound without adding a vowel - /p/ vs. /pa/ or /d/ vs. /da/.

[@vaiyt]

+Kevin Johnson There seems to be disagreement about this, since Wikipedia uses voice files with the vowel in their phonetics articles..

[@speecher1959]

I see that's true, and from the bias of a speech-language pathologist (US - Known as "speech therapist" in other countries), I think that's unfortunate and would be confusing to one using the resource to master sounds in another language.

[@otesunki]

5:06 it's because (in my dialect of english) the b in ban is aspirated.

[@FelkniaMusic]

That was a great series =)

[@Artifexian]

madredmc There will be more. A lot MOAR!

[@grillygrilly]

4:45 I now realised that I pronounce both of them aspirated.

[@cherryappleproductions5822]

Wait… Voiced starts with a V which is Voiced, Lateral starts with a L which is a Lateral Aproxoment, and Fricative starts with a F which is a Fricative

[@mre6201]

For mandarin p and b are allophones while Ph and P or Bh and B are two distinct phonemes, I taught it was bizarre but now that I see it does make sense. In mexican Spanish (v) and (b) are also allophones, I guess it's sounds weird for English speaker when we use b instead of v too.

[@jeffersonrose9888]

I'm trying to choose consonants for an aquatic race of humanoid. For ease we will just say merfolk. I was thinking that a language developed under water would have only voiced consonants because the thicker medium would require more vibration. What do you think?

[@mistyminnie5922]

When I was learning hangul I was surprised that they have the same letter for unvoiced and voiced sounds, but now i think about it it kinda makes sense

[@KaitlynFedrick]

Well the basic reason is the Korean doesn't distinguish any sounds by voicing

[@Yatukih_001]

Question. Should the two of us create ´Japicelandic´- a combination of Japanese and Icelandic?

[@brisakruspe]

Great video but I can’t find anywhere an example of a weakly voiced or completely voiceless LENIS. Lenis tend to be voiced I know but what about the case when they’re not? They TEND to be voiced. I searched for devoicing but I just can’t find the right answer. Please someone lol

[@carlip]

i've been doing this since i was about 2-3 years old, and i still have no idea how.

[@georgelewisray]

wonderful ! thanks . .. . . .

[@obeidat305]

you are awesome thanks a lot

[@evildude109]

But what about languages like Armenian, where there is a third consonant between each voiced and unvoiced pair? I can barely tell them apart, but they definitely exist.

[@gamerx3354]

I just realized that the Old Artifexian Intro used the Ogham Script

[@franx7359]

OMG THANK YOU

[@jasperbhogal4953]

amazing

[@CanaryMapping]

Now I understand IPA!

[@mistyminnie5922]

The last fact makes me think. Are there fortis voiced consonants? Lenis unvoiced consonants? Or is it only possible the other way around?

[@oldbooksatmidnight8118]

for the first van and fan thing, i can tell the difference when i pronounce it like you, but when i pronounce the words like i normally would i hear the buzzing for both (i'm american so i pronounce them differently

[@israellai]

Hmm I thought it's the aspiration that distinguishes whispered p and b. What's the difference between that and fortis/lenis? (Had this question for a long time since I looked a bit into Korean, but still haven't figured it out after this video..)

[@themobiusfunction]

Korean stops are just so confusing

[@30IYouTube]

3:05 I can’t pronounce voiced lateral sounds (excluding /l/).

[@ichdu0014]

Question: would it be possible to distinguish a third kind of voicing, say super-voiced? Example: p is unvoiced, b is voiced, and by making the sound "charge up" behind your lips? I know, it isn't really scientifically explained, but I hope you get what I mean.

[@KaitlynFedrick]

no. Voicing is in the vocal chords, not behind the lips

[@ramzy-6566]

great.

[@nickmoore6381]

Hey Artifexian, I'm trying to build my perfect ideal star system. I wanted my own personal blue nebula thats only slightly bigger than my star system instead of the usual ones that are so big that they have dozens or hundreds of star systems. To do this, I'm thinking that there will need to be 2 stars, one with my planet and all the planets I want orbiting it, and another that explodes and creates the nebula and then becomes a neutron star instead of a black hole. Shortly after the star explodes to create my nebula, will my host star and all the planets be safe? If so then this is gonna be one epic star system! But it needs to be shortly after the super nova so it only covers my star system.

[@xxpromlggamerproxx]

Did you find your answer?

[@PureZOOKS]

4:28 What is the difference between a positive voicing onset time and being voiceless? Surely /k/ is voiceless but you say it's just a zero voice onset time plosive.

[@MrNickTube1]

PureZOOKS I think it's about the vowel that comes next. Like, [k] you voice the next vowel basically immediately and in [k-h] you make a small puff of air and delay voicing

[@noahnaugler7611]

wasn't the palatal nasal stop voiceless?

[@Flaquar]

Credit the music! Blues the Most by the incredible Hampton Hawes

[@bikeron6136]

what is the difference between the "ð" sound and the "θ" sound? I mean don' they represent the same sound? thx

[@tentathesane8032]

I think they are for the th in Than and Thank, respectively

[@Soud1993]

life saver

[@merezko4339]

I was whispering the Pan and Ban to myself and thinking, you were wrong. "Pan and Ban sound different when i whisper and my tongue moves differently. YOUR A LIAR" Then i realized i was whispering 'pan'(Spanish for Bread) and 'ban'(English for your no longer allowed) People and Anatomy are weird.

[@haileyross5335]

Does anyone know if (I'd assume the answer is yes) there are other similar organizations of sounds NOT based on latin? Is this version only commonplace in the "western world"? Or maybe even only used with the "romance languages"? Apologies in advance if this question is worded shitty, lemme know if edits are needed.

[@haileyross5335]

for clarity ive added " because I only vaguely know what these terms mean

[@ec1480]

The IPA is the worldwide standard for linguistics.

[@melody_florum]

One nasal is unvoiced, the palatial one or ɲ̥ what does it sound like?

[@melody_florum]

I just copied it from the internet but in the IPA chart it's voiceless, so, wha

[@markmayonnaise1163]

Notice how it is not distinct for two places of articulation? The International Phonetic Association is not going to write it twice, so they make one big cell and place it slightly to the right of the centre of that big box.

[@traktortarik8224]

Nasals are voiced unless there’s a diacritic, so [ɲ] is voiced, whereas [ɲ̊] (also written [ɲ̥]) is not.

[@jordanwardan7588]

3:04 ? isn't that /ʒ/? how do you pronounce /ʒ/? that had always been /ʒ/ in my own speaking. it sounds nothing like a lateral/liquid

[@Red-in-Green]

It’s the middle of the night and here I am trying to pronounce everything said

[@gamingwithmaysam7822]

*_nice_*

[@MK-ex4pb]

Did you say throat instead of troat

[@TheAtlarchy]

blowed mind here

[@noamtashma2859]

since i watched this series i have had some ponderings. im a native hebrew speaker here in israel. i've noticed some differences between the way i articulate sounds and the standard. i'm second guessing myself on every description. i'ts hard to be sure. so here are they: my /sh/ is a palatal fricative [ç] my native /r/ is velar (although i sometimes switch when talking english to an alveolar /r/) and modern hebrew is said to have a velar voiceless fricative /ח/ [χ] (this is the guttural sound you can hear whenever hebrew is spoken), although i think i'm pronouncing it as a velar trill, and i'm thinking my close environment does too, although i'm not so sure. very interesting to see the differences. i wonder how it got to be. by the way, when i was young, i had a problem pronouncing sh, so i had some sort of talkative treatment until i succeded. this may be the origin of my [ç]. very interesting series about languages. will you turn to talking about grammar now that you're done with consonants? or maybe you'll talk about vowels?

[@traktortarik8224]

Well I can tell you one thing: velar trills are impossible. You probably mean uvular?

[@noamtashma2859]

Tarikius I don't even remember, but whatever it really is, it's really confusing. Lol.

[@ytang3]

This really reveals a European bias built into IPA. In Asia (you know, that tiny minority of the world) aspiration is more important than voicing. Voicing and aspiration should BOTH be diacritical marks. But as always, thanks for the amazing video.

[@owlblocksdavid4955]

You often do have that. Many of the IPA symbols are redundant. While aspiration doesn't have its own symbol for consonants, the voiced ones are optional, and some, like w, are often marked diacritically if they're voiceless (even though there's a dedicated symbol for it). While there's definitely a European perspective (it was invented with the Latin alphabet by Europeans, so I don't think they're hiding it or anything), the symbols are likely based on how commonly they need them (the inadequate tone system seems to suggest it's not used as often with Asian languages. At least, I've had a hard time with the tones... Maybe I was using an older version).

[@sakawi]

Statistically speaking voicing is a much more common contrast than aspiration, so I think it's not really a bias towards European languages, but more of a bias towards commonality.

[@traktortarik8224]

It was made by Europeans for teaching purposes, and most languages they would be teaching were also Indo-European. Most languages that I’ve seen anyway distinguish voicing more so than aspiration (but they’re *mostly* Indo-European). In fact, most languages that I know of don’t even have aspiration. Either way, there is a diacritic for voicing, it looks like a little v underneath the character, but this is probably used mostly for voiced fortis consonants, like in Estonian.

[@brandonreckin4452]

i think it is simply more of a english/french bias than a european one, as the IPA was created by english and french speakers. but even then its important to note that aspiration can only apply to plosives, where as voicing can apply to almost any sound. also there are some european languages that distinguish between aspiration such as danish, icelandic and welsh. finnish also doesnt distinguish voicing, and some people even consider spanish to have no voicing distiction. not to mention if youre going to create separate letters for aspiration, youre also going to need to create letters for geminated consonants in italian, palatalized consonants in russian, labialized consonants in abkhaz, ejective consonants in georgian and emphatic consonants in arabic among others. you would end up with a ridiuclous amount of letters. not to mention most asian languages dont use alphabets, and therefore dont have symbols that could be easily put into the ipa chart.

[@KuraIthys]

@@brandonreckin4452 And even the ones that do (such as Japanese Hiragana and Katakana) often make certain assumptions that are a bit hard to work with when trying to generalise to other languages. (that is, pretty much all the symbols are vowel consonant pairs, which, aside from being highly incomplete in terms of global languages, would also vastly balloon the required character set, since now you have a symbol for each pair of sounds, rather than each individual sound.)

[@nerdycatgamer]

me and my friend are going to make a conlang over Christmas break from school. We haven't even picked sounds yet and i'm already thinking about grammar and writing LOL I would say how old I am but I think that would be pointless and annoying

[@skyler8680]

「Nerdycatgamer」 did you ever make one?

[@parthiancapitalist2733]

My language has voiced, voiceless, and voiceless aspirated

[@HansPeter-qg2vc]

As someone who clearly knows a heck of a lot about language, why do you pronounce "three" like "tree"?

[@TeamTorchLight]

He has an Irish accent I think

[@markmayonnaise1163]

As someone who knows more than you about language or is otherwise more social, it's his dialect. Irish English.

[@Eggscargot]

Same reason he pronounces "teeth" like "teet." Just the dialect.

[@rubbedibubb5017]

0:26 that means hell no or something like that in Swedish😂

[@Ggdivhjkjl]

How can I make a planet shaped like a doughnut?

[@rosiefay7283]

2:01 That's "nasals", isn't it?

[@loveagoodqueef]

As a Southern Californian i can tell you we dont have any creaky sounds in our accents